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Intervertebral disc degeneration （IDD） is a common disease in clinical practice. According to statistics, the incidence of IDD exceeds 90% in the population aged > 60 years old, which severely affect the patients’ normal life and work and bring huge economic burden to the society. Age, genetics, transport of metabolites, trauma and biomechanics are the influencing factors of IDD. Among which, biomechanical factors （pressure, tension, shear force and torsion force） are the important factors affecting IDD. Different force, magnitude and frequency of force and duration of force exert different effects on IDD. In this article, relevant researches on shear force and IDD were briefly summarized, aiming to investigate the effect and mechanism of shear force on the degeneration of intervertebral disc components. The study lays important foundation for further elucidating the pathogenesis of IDD and provides reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Background and Aims: The preference of beauty seekers for noninvasive, convenient, and long‐lasting effective facial cosmetic techniques with minimal downtime and recovery time is obvious nowadays. As a part of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture has great advantages in solving these problems. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two distinct acupuncture techniques for facial rejuvenation in treating nasolabial folds (NFs) and marionette lines (MLs). Methods: One hundred beauty seekers who have received facial acupuncture cosmetic treatment in hospitals between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were selected randomly and inquired. Among them, 50 beauty seekers (Group Ⅰ) have received a normal facial traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture therapy, by inserting the needles perpendicularly into the acupoints. Meanwhile, another 50 beauty seekers (Group Ⅱ) were treated by needle knives, which were inserted parallelly under the dermis and basically along the meridians of Chinese medicine linked by the acupoints. The records of pain evaluation and adverse events on cases, subjective satisfactions, and objective evaluations of efficacy were summarized and statistically analyzed. Results: The efficacy of Group Ⅱ is better than Group Ⅰ. The dermatologists' assessments for NF and ML show significant differences between Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ after one course. The mean value of subjective satisfaction also obeys the rules above. Although Group Ⅱ exhibited the highest value of mean pain intensity, the adverse events were basically mild. Furthermore, Group Ⅱ showed higher willingness for additional treatments. Conclusion: Only in terms of the wrinkle depth of NF and ML, the method of acupuncturing parallelly under the dermis by needle knife is safe and more successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the correlation between cytogenetic findings and clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome., Methods: 607 cases of cytogenetically diagnosed Turner syndrome, including those with a major manifestation of Turner syndrome, were analyzed with conventional G-banding. Correlation between the karyotypes and clinical features were analyzed., Results: Among the 607 cases, there were 154 cases with monosomy X (25.37%). Mosaicism monosomy X was found in 240 patients (39.54%), which included 194 (80.83%) with a low proportion of 45,X (3 ≤ the number of 45, X ≤5, while the normal cells ≥ 30). Structural X chromosome abnormalities were found in 173 patients (28.50%). A supernumerary marker chromosome was found in 40 cases (6.59%). Most patients with typical manifestations of Turner syndrome were under 11 years of age and whose karyotypes were mainly 45,X. The karyotype of patients between 11 and 18 years old was mainly 45,X, 46,X,i(X)(q10) and mos45,X/46,X,i(X)(q10), which all had primary amenorrhea in addition to the typical clinical manifestations. The karyotype of patients over 18 years of age were mainly mosaicism with a low proportion of 45,X, whom all had primary infertility. 53 patients had a history of pregnancy, which included 48 with non-structural abnormalities of X chromosome and 5 with abnormal structure of X chromosome., Conclusion: Generally, the higher proportion of cells with an abnormal karyotype, the more severe were the clinical symptoms and the earlier clinical recognition. Karyotyping analysis can provide guidance for the early diagnosis of Turner syndrome, especially those with a low proportion of 45,X.