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Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability of different strain parameters. Appendix Fig. Bland-Altman plot of intra-(a) and inter-observer(b) reproducibility, for three segmental strain types. The horizontal green line depicts the mean; the 2 red lines depict the upper and lower 95% limit of agreement. PRS, segmental radial strain; PCS, segmental circumferential strain; PLS, segmental longitudinal strain.

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the association between hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and the risk of developing chronic hypertension and the associations between specific types of HDP, including preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH), and the risk of developing chronic hypertension.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data SourcesThe PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to August 20, 2021.MethodsDepending on heterogeneity, the combined odds ratio (OR) of the 95% confidence interval (CI) was obtained with a random-effects or fixed-effects model. We used meta-regression analysis to explore the sources of heterogeneity. We analyzed the OR value after adjusting for age and BMI at recruitment, prepregnancy BMI, age at first delivery, and other factors. Additionally, we evaluated the results of the subgroup analysis by the year of publication (< 2016, ≥ 2016), study design, sample size (< 500, ≥ 500), region (North and South America, Europe, and other regions) and NOS score (< 7, ≥ 7).ResultsOur systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively explored the relationships between HDP, GH, and PE and chronic hypertension. Twenty-one articles that included 634,293 patients were included. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that women with a history of HDP are almost 3.6 times more likely to develop chronic hypertension than those without a history of HDP, women with a history of GH are almost 6.2 times more likely to develop chronic hypertension than those without a history of GH, and women with a history of PE are almost 3.2 times more likely to develop chronic hypertension than those without a history of PE. In addition, we further calculated the probability of developing chronic hypertension among patients with HDP or PE after adjusting for age and BMI at recruitment, prepregnancy BMI, age at first delivery, and other factors. The results suggested that women with a history of HDP are almost 2.47 times more likely to develop chronic hypertension than those without a history of HDP and that women with a history of PE are almost 3.78 times more likely to develop chronic hypertension than those without a history of PE. People in Asian countries are more likely to develop chronic hypertension after HDP or PE, while American people are not at high relative risk.ConclusionThese findings suggest that HDP, GH, and PE increase the likelihood of developing chronic hypertension. After adjustment for age and BMI at recruitment, prepregnancy BMI, age at first delivery, and other factors, patients with HDP or PE were still more likely to develop chronic hypertension. HDP may be a risk factor for chronic hypertension, independent of other risk factors. GH and PE, as types of HDP, may also be risk factors for chronic hypertension.Systematic Review Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [CRD42021238599].

Weijian Li,1,* Yang Zhang,1,2,* Youjian Li,1,3,* Yuepeng Cao,4 Jun Zhou,1 Zhongxu Sun,1 Wanke Wu,5 Xiaofang Tan,5 Yang Shao,5 Kaipeng Xie,5,6 Xiang Yan1,2 1Department of Nephrology and Urology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Urology Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Xuancheng City, Xuancheng, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 5Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Women’s Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiang YanDepartment of Nephrology and Urology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yanxiang@zju.edu.cnKaipeng XieNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-25-5222-6264Email kaipengxienjmu@163.comBackground: Peptide drugs provide promising regimes in bladder cancer. In order to identify potentialbioactive peptides involved in bladder cancer, we performed the present study.Methods: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assay was used to compare the endogenous peptides between bladder cancer and normal control. The potential biological functions of these dysregulated peptides are assessed by GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of their precursors. The SMART and UniProt databases are used to identify the sequences of the dysregulated peptides located in the functional domains. The Open Targets Platform database was used to investigate the precursors related to metabolic diseases.Results: A total of 9 up-regulated peptides and 110 down-regulated peptides in bladder cancer compared with normal control were identified (fold change > 1.2, P < 0.05). The MW of these dysregulated peptides ranged from 500 Da to 2500 Da and the MW of all identified peptides was below 3500 Da. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these dysregulated peptides could play an important role in bladder cancer. Our further analysis revealed that 45HFNPRFNAHGDAN 57 derived from LGALS1 and those peptides derived from P4HB and SERPINA1 might be the promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of bladder cancer.Conclusion: In the present study, we have identified the profile of the peptides significantly dysregulated in bladder cancer. Moreover, using bioinformatic analysis, we found the peptides derived from LGALS1, P4HB and SERPINA1 could be the promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of bladder cancer.Keywords: peptide, therapeutic target, progression, bladder cancer