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The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) cascade is an ancient and strongly evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that is involved in the hypoxic responses of most metazoans. Despite immense advances in the understanding of the HIF-1-mediated regulation of hypoxic responses in mammals, the contribution of the hif-1 cascade in the hypoxic adaptation of nonmodel invertebrates remains unclear. In this study, we used the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense for investigating the roles of hif-1-regulated mitophagy in crustacean testes under hypoxic conditions. We identified that the Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein (bnip3) functions as a regulator of mitophagy in M. nipponense and demonstrated that hif-1α activates bnip3 by binding to the bnip3 promoter. Hif-1α knockdown suppressed the expression of multiple mitophagy-related genes, and prawns with hif-1α knockdown exhibited higher mortality under hypoxic conditions. We observed that the levels of BNIP3 were induced under hypoxic conditions and detected that bnip3 knockdown inhibited the mitochondrial translocation of dynamin-related protein 1 (drp1), which is associated with mitochondrial fission. Notably, bnip3 knockdown inhibited hypoxia-induced mitophagy and aggravated the deleterious effects of hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. The experimental studies demonstrated that hypoxia induced mitochondrial fission in M. nipponense via drp1. Altogether, the study elucidated the mechanism underlying hif-1/bnip3-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitophagy and demonstrated that this pathway protects crustaceans against ROS production and apoptosis induced by acute hypoxia.

Conventional polymer filtration membranes suffer from low efficiency, easy fouling and serious degradation in harsh environments, due to its low chemical and separation stability. Herein, a flexible super-hydrophobic carbon nanofiber membrane (CFMHF) was prepared using electrospinning and subsequently fluorinated treatment. The zinc acetate (ZnAc) was introduced to form pores in carbon fibers during heat treatment, and the pore-forming mechanism was well discussed. As a result, the flexibility and specific surface area of the carbon fibers were increased. The CFMHFs exhibited excellent super-hydrophobicity (water contact angle, WCA = 155.9°), high oil flux (3590 L m−2 h−1) and excellent oil-water separation performance. Driven by gravity alone, the separation efficiencies of the CFMHFs for non-emulsified oil-water and emulsified water-in-oil mixtures were both more than 98%. More importantly, the as-prepared CFMHFs showed good stability in harsh conditions, including high or low temperature, strong acid and alkali solutions, organic solvents and salt solutions. This strategy has directive significance for designing high performance oil-water separation membranes.

Let $$B^H$$ be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $$\frac{1}{2}\le H0$$ and $$\nu \in {{\mathbb {R}}}$$ are two unknown parameters. The process is an analogue of the linear self-attracting diffusion (Cranston and Le Jan in Math Ann 303:87–93, 1995). We introduce some laws of large numbers associated with the self-attracting diffusion. In particular, we show that the convergences $$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{\theta T^{3-2H}}\int _0^TY^H_t\mathrm{d}B^H_t,\quad \frac{1}{T^{3-2H}}\int _0^T\left( Y^H_t\right) ^2\mathrm{d}t\longrightarrow \frac{H\theta ^{-2H}}{3-2H} \Gamma (2H) \end{aligned}$$ hold almost surely and in $$L^2(\Omega )$$ , as $$T\rightarrow \infty $$ , where $$Y^H_t=\int ^t_0(X^H_t-X^H_s)\mathrm{d}s$$ and the integral $$\int _0^TY^H_t\mathrm{d}B^H_t$$ is the Young integral. As some applications, we study asymptotic behaviors of the least squares estimators of $$\theta $$ and $$\nu $$ under the continuous observation.

Let BH1 and B~H2 be two independent fractional Brownian motions with respective indices H1,H2∈(0,1) and H1≤H2. In this paper, we consider the derivative of their intersection local time l(t,a). We ...

Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the main factors limiting maize (Zea mays L.) productivity. Genetic improvement of root traits could improve nitrogen use efficiency. An association panel of 461 maize inbred lines was assayed for root growth at seedling emergence under high-nitrate (HN, 5 mmol L−1) and low-nitrate (LN, 0.05 mmol L−1) conditions. Twenty-one root traits and three shoot traits were measured. Under LN conditions, the root-to-shoot ratio, root dry weight, total root length, axial root length, and lateral root length on the primary root were all increased. Under LN conditions, the heritability of the plant traits ranged from 0.43 to 0.82, a range much wider than that of 0.27 to 0.55 observed under HN conditions. The panel was genotyped with 542,796 high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Totally 328 significant SNP markers were identified using either mixed linear model (MLM) or general linear model analysis, with 34 detected by both methods. In the 100-kb intervals flanking these SNP markers, four candidate genes were identified. Under LN conditions, the protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase 2 gene was associated with total root surface area and the DELLA protein-encoding gene was associated with the length of the visible lateral root zone of the primary root. Under HN conditions, a histone deacetylase gene was associated with plant height. Under both LN and HN conditions, the gene encoding MA3 domain-containing protein was associated with the first whorl crown root number. The phenotypic and genetic information from this study may be exploited for genetic improvement of root traits aimed at increasing NUE in maize.

In this paper, as an attempt we consider the linear self-interacting diffusion driven by an α-stable motion, which is the solution to the equation X t α = M t α − θ ∫ 0 t ∫ 0 s ( X s α − X r α ) d ...

Let B = B t 1 , … , B t d t ≥ 0 be a d -dimensional bifractional Brownian motion and R t = B t 1 2 + ⋯ + B t d 2 be the bifractional Bessel process with the index 2 HK ≥ 1 . The Itô formula for the bifractional Brownian motion leads to the equation R t = ∑ i = 1 d ∫ 0 t B s i / R s d B s i + HK d − 1 ∫ 0 t s 2 HK − 1 / R s d s . In the Brownian motion case K = 1 and H = 1 / 2 , X t ≔ ∑ i = 1 d ∫ 0 t B s i / R s d B s i , d ≥ 1 is a Brownian motion by Lévy’s characterization theorem. In this paper, we prove that process X t is not a bifractional Brownian motion unless K = 1 and H = 1 / 2 . We also study some other properties and their application of this stochastic process.

The Expert Consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practice guidelines for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The main contents include the following: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN; (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation, and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN; and (3) future development directions.

Let $B^H$ be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $0\varepsilon\}}\frac1{B^H_s-a}ds^{2H}\equiv \frac1{\pi}{\mathscr H}{\mathscr L}^H(\cdot,t)(a) $$ in $L^2(\Omega)$ with $ a\in {\mathbb R}, t\geq 0$ and ${\mathscr H}$ denoting the Hilbert transform. We show that $$ {\mathcal C}^H_t(a)=2\left((B^H_t-a)\log|B^H_t-a|-B^H_t+a\log|a| -\int_0^t\log|B^H_s-a|\delta B^H_s\right) $$ for all $a\in {\mathbb R}, t\geq 0$ which is the fractional version of Yamada's formula, where the integral is the Skorohod integral. Moreover, we introduce the following {\it occupation type formula}: $$ \int_{\mathbb R}{\mathcal C}^H_t(a)g(a)da=2H\pi\int_0^t({\mathscr H}g)(B^H_s)s^{2H-1}ds $$ for all continuous functions $g$ with compact support., Comment: 30 pages

The contributions given in this article are mainly in two folds with regard to the fractional Gaussian noise of the Weyl type. The first one is to present a complete form of fGn, which is taken as the output of a fractional-order filter driven by white noise. The second is to propose the analytic expressions of the impulse response function and the frequency transfer function of that fractional-order filter. We also give an expression of the fractional Brownian motion of the Weyl type as a consequence of the present fGn. Besides, we suggest that the statistical dependences of fGn may be described based on the frequency transfer function or the impulse response function of the fractional-order filter.

X-inactivation-specific transcript (XIST) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that functions as an indicator of various human tumors, including those of breast cancer. This study was conducted to characterize a novel regulatory network involving XIST in breast cancer cells. The mRNAs of XIST, miR-125b-5p, and NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) in breast cancer cells and tissues were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were separately detected via cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays. The relationships between XIST, miR-125b-5p, and NLRC5 were predicted and then confirmed using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. NLRC5 protein expression was quantitated using western blot assays. XIST was found to be overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and cells, which was accompanied by miR-125b-5p downregulation and NLRC5 upregulation. XIST knockdown significantly repressed cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, migration, and invasion activities in breast cancer cells, and the loss of miR-125b-5p had a similar effect. XIST was shown to sponge miR-125b-5p, which in turn targeted NLRC5. NLRC5, a breast cancer promotor, is negatively regulated by miR-125b-5p. Moreover, the downregulation of NLRC5 induced by the loss of XIST was significantly reversed by miR-125b-5p knockdown. In conclusion, the lncRNA XIST promotes the malignancy of breast cancer cells partly by competitively binding to miR-125b-5p, which then led to increased NLRC5 expression. Our study suggests that targeting XIST may be a possible treatment for breast cancer.

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and spinnability of two-component materials, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(PHBV) and polypropylene grafting maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) blends were prepared by melt mixing with different ratios (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100). Properties of the blends system were investigated by means of a mixed rheometer, scanning electron microscope, simultaneous thermal analyser, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that PHBV/PP-g-MAH blends exhibit different morphology of the sea-island with a change in the mix ratio. The initial thermal decomposition temperature of PHBV in the blending system is over 250 °C, which means the thermal stability of PHBV is markedly improved. The crystallisation of PHBV varied according to the blending process parameter. When the cooling velocity increases, the crystallisation peak becomes wide, the temperature of crystallisation decreases, and the crystallisation temperature of PHBV increases significantly. PHBV has a high sensitivity to variation in the shear rate, and PHBV/PP-g-MAH blends have the mixing characteristic of shear thinned liquid. There is no diffraction peak at 2θ = 22.8°, and this result certifies that PP-g-MAH changes the crystal form of PHBV. and that PP-g-MAH addition is beneficial to the spinnability of PHBV. Results show that the interplay between PHBV and PP-g-MAH is of great significance and universal for both plastics and fibres.

Let B a , b be a weighted-fractional Brownian motion with indexes a and b satisfying | b | 1 ∧ ( 1 + a ) , a > − 1 which is a central Gaussian process such that E B t a , b B s a , b = 1 + b 2 ∫ 0 s ∧ t u a ( ( t − u ) b + ( s − u ) b ) d u . In this paper, we consider the asymptotic normality associated with processes ∫ 0 t B s + e a , b − B s a , b 2 − t a e 1 + b d s , t ∈ [ 0 , T ] , e > 0 . As an application we study the asymptotic normality of the estimator of parameter σ > 0 in stochastic process X t = σ B t a , b − β ∫ 0 t X s d s by using the generalized quadratic variation.

Let Q ∈ C((0, 1]1 + m) and let {ξn, j: 1 ⩽ j ⩽ n, n ⩾ 1} be a triangular array of independent zero-mean random variables. In this paper, we show that for every integer m ⩾ 1, the processes Xmn(Q) = {Xnm(t, Q), 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 1}, n ⩾ 1 defined by converges weakly in C[0, 1], as n → ∞, to a multiple Wiener integral under some suitable conditions on the function Q and array {ξn, j}. This convergence includes the approximating characterization of many popular self-similar processes such as fractional Brownian motion, sub-fractional Brownian motion, Rosenblatt process, and more general Hermite processes.

In response to low nitrogen stress, multiple hormones together with nitric oxide signaling pathways work synergistically and antagonistically in crop root elongation. Changing root morphology allows plants to adapt to soil nutrient availability. Nitrogen is the most important essential nutrient for plant growth. An important adaptive strategy for crops responding to nitrogen deficiency is root elongation, thereby accessing increased soil space and nitrogen resources. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in this regulatory network, working together to fine-tune root elongation in response to soil nitrogen availability. Based on existing research, we propose a model to explain how different signaling pathways interact to regulate root elongation in response to low nitrogen stress. In response to a low shoot nitrogen status signal, auxin transport from the shoot to the root increases. High auxin levels in the root tip stimulate the production of nitric oxide, which promotes the synthesis of strigolactones to accelerate cell division. In this process, cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid play an antagonistic role, while brassinosteroids and auxin play a synergistic role in regulating root elongation. Further study is required to identify the QTLs, genes, and favorable alleles which control the root elongation response to low nitrogen stress in crops.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–23-nucleotide, short, non-coding RNAs that play important roles in virtually all biological pathways in mammals and other multicellular organisms. The association of miR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222) for breast cancer is critical, but their detailed roles in its development and progression remain unclear. In the present study, we found that miR-221/222 were consistently up-regulated in breast cancer tissues. We then investigated the molecular mechanisms by which miR-221/222 contributed to breast cancer and identified growth arrest–specific transcript 5 (GAS5) as a direct target gene of miR-221/222. In contrast with the up-regulated expression levels of miR-221/222, GAS5 levels were significantly down-regulated and negatively correlated with miR-221/222 in breast cancer tissues. In addition, we showed that miR-221/222 inhibitors increased cellular apoptosis, miR-221/222 mimics decreased the cell apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and restoration of GAS5 expression attenuated the anti-apoptotic effects of miR-221/222 in breast cancer cells, indicating that GAS5 was a direct mediator of miR-221/222 function. Finally, we showed that miR-221/222 suppressed GAS5 expression significantly and enhanced tumor growth in a mouse model of breast cancer xenografts. The present study highlighted the important role of miR-221/222 as oncomiRs in breast cancer, which inhibited GAS5 translation. These findings may provide a new perspective for the molecular mechanism of breast carcinogenesis and provide a novel approach to the treatment of breast cancer.

In this short note, we study the asymptotic behavior of the solution to the fractional heat equation ∂ u ∂ t ( t , x ) = − ( − Δ ) α / 2 u ( t , x ) + u ( t , x ) ∂ d + 1 W ∂ t ∂ x 1 ⋯ ∂ x d , t > 0 , x ∈ R d with initial condition bounded above and below, where α ∈ ( 0 , 2 ) and the noise W ( t , x ) is a fractional Brownian sheet. The method of moments is used to investigate the solution.

We consider a class of stochastic fractional heat equations driven by fractional noises. A central limit theorem is given, and a moderate deviation principle is established.

Rationale and Objectives To differentiate endometrial cancer (ECa) from benign lesions in endometrial or in submucosa (BLs-ESm), and investigate whether the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of choline-containing compounds (Cho) obtained from three-dimensional 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is associated with the aggressiveness of ECa. Materials and Methods Thirty-three patients with ECa and 15 patients with BLs-ESm underwent preoperative multivoxel 1H MRS at 3 T MR. The amplitude of Cho peak of each voxel was recorded, and the corresponding SNR of Cho peak (ChoSNR) was calculated. The maximum ChoSNR (max ChoSNR) for each lesion was identified. The max ChoSNR of ECa and BLs-ESm, as well as type I ECa and type II ECa, was compared. The relationship between max ChoSNR and pathologic characteristics of tumors, including tumor grade, stage, type, and tumor size, was analyzed. Results The mean max ChoSNR (±standard deviation [SD]) was 30.93 ± 16.89 for ECa and 10.40 ± 3.07 for BLs-ESm (P

Let L be the local time of G -Brownian motion B . In this paper, we consider the existence of the quadratic covariation 〈 f ( B ) , B 〉 t and the integral ∫ R f ( x ) L ( d x , t ) . Under some suitable conditions we show that the sublinear version of the Bouleau–Yor identity ∫ R f ( x ) L ( d x , t ) = − 〈 f ( B ) , B 〉 t holds. These allow us to write the Ito formula for C 1 -functions.

To investigate whether the choline-containing compounds (Cho) obtained from three-dimensional 1H magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy can differentiate endometrial cancer (ECa) from benign lesions in endometria or in submucosa (BLs-ESm) and is associated with the aggressiveness of ECa. Fifty-seven patients (ECa, 38; BLs-ESm, 19) underwent preoperative multi-voxel MR spectroscopy at 3.0 T. The ratio of the sum of the Cho peak integral to the sum of the unsuppressed water peak integral (Cho/water) and the coefficient of variation (CV) used to describe the variability of Cho/water in one lesion were calculated. Mean Cho/water (±standard deviation [SD]) was (3.02 ± 1.43) × 10−3 for ECa and (1.68 ± 0.33) × 10−3 for BLs-ESm (p

In this paper, we consider a stochastic heat equation with multiplicative bi-fractional Brownian sheet. Using the technique of Feynman-Kac formula and Malliavin calculus, we give an explicit formula of the weak solution and study the regularity.

Tao Xu,1 Yuanyuan Zong,2 Lipan Peng,1 Shuai Kong,1 Mingliang Zhou,1 Jianqiang Zou,1 Jinglei Liu,1 Ruizheng Miao,1 Xichao Sun,2 Leping Li11Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 2Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Liver metastasis is one of the leading causes of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the value of eIF4E as a prognostic marker of colo­rectal liver metastasis (CLM) and identify the functional role of eIF4E in CRC metastasis. Patients and methods: The expression level of eIF4E in CRC tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Expression of eIF4E in CRC cell lines was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were performed to assess the effects of eIF4E on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blot was further used to investigate the mechanism of eIF4E in tumor metastasis. Results: The upregulation frequency of eIF4E in the CLM group (82.5%) was higher than that in the non-CLM group (65.0%). Of the 80 patients recruited for the follow-up study, 23 were in the low eIF4E group (ratio of tumor to nontumor tissue < twofold), and 57 were in the high eIF4E group (ratio of tumor to nontumor tissue ≥twofold). In addition, the group exhibiting high eIF4E expression had a higher rate of liver metastasis (47.4%) than the group exhibiting low eIF4E expression (13.0%). In CRC cell lines, the expression of eIF4E was higher than in the normal cells. In vitro functional studies indicated that eIF4E knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Lovo and SW480 cells, and suppressed the expression of cyclin D1, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that high eIF4E levels in CRC patients predicted a high risk of liver metastasis. Knockdown of eIF4E inhibited CRC cell metastasis in part through regulating the expression of cyclin D1, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Keywords: eIF4E, colorectal cancer, liver metastasis, functional study

Let $B^{a,b}$ be a weighted fractional Brownian motion with indices $a,b$ satisfying $a>-1,-10$, we consider the generalized quadratic covariation $\bigl[f(B^{a,b}),B^{a,b}\bigr]^{(a,b)}$ defined by $$ \bigl[f(B^{a,b}),B^{a,b}\bigr]^{(a,b)}_t=\lim_{\varepsilon\downarrow 0}\frac{1+a+b}{\varepsilon^{1+b}}\int_\varepsilon^{t+\varepsilon} \left\{f(B^{a,b}_{s+\varepsilon}) -f(B^{a,b}_s)\right\}(B^{a,b}_{s+\varepsilon}-B^{a,b}_s)s^{b}ds, $$ provided the limit exists uniformly in probability. We construct a Banach space ${\mathscr H}$ of measurable functions such that the generalized quadratic covariation exists in $L^2(\Omega)$ and the generalized Bouleau-Yor identity $$ [f(B^{a,b}),B^{a,b}]^{(a,b)}_t=-\frac1{(1+b){\mathbb B}(a+1,b+1)} \int_{\mathbb R}f(x){\mathscr L}^{a,b}(dx,t) $$ holds for all $f\in {\mathscr H}$, where ${\mathscr L}^{a,b}(x,t)=\int_0^t\delta(B^{a,b}_s-x)ds^{1+a+b}$ is the weighted local time of $B^{a,b}$ and ${\mathbb B}(\cdot,\cdot)$ is the Beta function., Comment: 31 pages

In this paper, we consider a class of neutral stochastic partial differential equations with delays and Poisson jumps. Sufficient conditions for the existence and exponential stability in mean square as well as almost surely exponential stability of mild solutions are derived by means of the Banach fixed point principle. An example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result.

Objective To research the contributions of p130Cas and PTEN signal molecules to the carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma and the relationship between them.

This paper is concerned with the following stochastically fractional heat equation on(t,x)∈[0,T]×Rddriven by fractional noise:∂u(t,x)/∂t=Dδαu(t,x)+WH(t,x)⋄u(t,x), where the Hurst parameterH=(h0,h1,…,hd)and⋄denotes the Skorokhod integral. A unique solution of that equation in an appropriate Hilbert space is constructed. Moreover, the Lyapunov exponent of the solution is estimated, and the Hölder continuity of the solution on both space and time parameters is discussed. On the other hand, the absolute continuity of the solution is also obtained.

We consider a class of stochastic fractional equations driven by fractional noise ont,x∈0,T×0,1 ∂u/∂t=Dδαu+ft,x,u+∂2BHt,x/∂t ∂x, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We formally replace the random perturbation by a family of sequences based on Kac-Stroock processes in the plane, which approximate the fractional noise in some sense. Under some conditions, we show that the real-valued mild solution of the stochastic fractional heat equation perturbed by this family of noises converges in law, in the space𝒞0,T×0,1of continuous functions, to the solution of the stochastic fractional heat equation driven by fractional noise.

We report a case of huge pulmonary hamartoma with atrophied right lower lobe in a 33-year-old female patient. The pulmonary hamartoma was solid, 30 × 16.5 × 14.5 cm in size, which sectioned surface reveals a thick-walled fibrous cyst with multiple yellow nodules protruding into the lumen. The tumour was compressing the right lung and there was no evidence of infiltration into the surrounding structures. It was successfully treated by surgical resection and final histology was pulmonary hamartoma with predominantly fibrous tissue, cartilaginous tissue and leiomyomatous differentiation. We believe this is the largest reported case in literatures yet, and this was successfully resected via a median sternotomy.

We consider a class of neutral stochastic partial differential equations with infinite delay in real separable Hilbert spaces. We derive the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions under some local Carathéodory-type conditions and also exponential stability in mean square of mild solutions as well as its sample paths. Some known results are generalized and improved.

Objective To research the contribution of ILK and PTEN to the carcinogenesis and development of gastric carcinoma and the relation with anti-oncogene PTEN.

This paper is concerned with the controllability of a class of fractional neutral stochastic integro-differential systems with infinite delay in an abstract space. By employing fractional calculus and Sadovskii's fixed point principle without assuming severe compactness condition on the semigroup, a set of sufficient conditions are derived for achieving the controllability result.

This paper is aimed to research grey-game in a two-stage perishable Agricultural products supply chain under the multi-farmer competition by applying grey system theory. The two-stage perishable agricultural products supply chain system consists of multi-farmer and a company. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of dynamic price, the grey game model is first set up. Then, the various factors that impact the cooperation between multi- farmer and a company are analyzed. The analysis indicates that the setting desired about the penalty of a company breaking a treaty and the bonus of farmer being rewarded are the main factors in which they cooperate or not; and the competition between multiple farmers only has influence on the farmers violating a treaty and doesn't have any influence on the company. Finally the strategy and means, which realizes the united optimization and reach Nash equilibrium in perishable products supply chain system, are presented and demonstrated using examples.