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Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a prevalent brain injury with high mortality and morbidity. It results from hypoxia and ischemia of the brain due to various perinatal factors. A previous study showed that knockdown of programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) could reduce infarction injury resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, exact mechanism by which PDCD4 acts in HIBD is not yet understood. Our aim in present investigation was to investigate the function and mechanism of PDCD4 in alleviating HIBD. Methods: An HIBD model was developed using neonatal rats. After 48 h of modeling, short-term neurological function was evaluated and the brain tissue removed for assessment of cerebral infarct volume and brain water content (BWC). A cell model of oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was also constructed. Overexpression or knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) or PDCD4 was performed in pretreated cells. Results: The geotaxis reflex time, cerebral infarct volume, and BWC all increased after HIBD in this neonatal rat model. Additionally, the levels of PDCD4 and of the N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) reader protein IGF2BP3 were increased in HIBD rats and OGD/R-stimulated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells relative to controls. Moreover, OGD/R-stimulated pheochromocytoma PC12 cells showed decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and elevated Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) contents. These features were reversed after knocking down IGF2BP3. The interaction between IGF2BP3 protein and PDCD4 mRNA was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. Furthermore, knockdown of IGF2BP3 in OGD/R-stimulated PC12 cells reduced cell damage via down-regulation of PDCD4. Finally, the IGF2BP3/PDCD4 axis alleviated OGD/R-induced cell injury in primary cortical neurons (PCNs). Conclusions: PDCD4 and m6A reader protein IGF2BP3 were up-regulated in an HIBD neonatal rat model. Knockdown of IGF2BP3 in OGD/R-stimulated PC12 cells or PCNs alleviated cell damage through reducing PDCD4.

The rapid development of urbanization has caused obstructed urban natural ventilation and the contribution rate of urbanization is relatively high. Therefore, there is an urgent need for urban development planning that should respect natural ventilation and local climate to reduce negative impacts. By optimizing the urban construction layout to reduce obstruction and leave a passageway for wind to blow in, the natural ventilation environment could be improved. This paper presents a promising approach for natural ventilation planning at both the city and community scales. Based on the assessment of wind environment, heat island intensity, and ventilation potential, the results revealed that winds blowing from the western and northern mountainous area of Shijiazhuang play a natural ventilation inlet role which can provide clean air. The SSHI and SHI were mainly distributed within the Second Ring Road, which has a large proportion of the low ventilation potential level. Thus, six first-class ventilation corridors and thirteen secondary corridors were recommended, which were set to be adapted to the dominant wind direction. Subsequently, an urban climate analysis map (UCAnMap) was developed considering climate sensitivity, and planning recommendations were provided for different climate zones. The relationship between architectural spatial structure and ventilation efficiency was analyzed; the results revealed that increasing the height of the buildings will decrease the proportion of comfortable wind zones, and the overall ventilation efficiency will weaken, so the average building height of a typical block should be controlled within 45 m, which matches ventilation performance requirements. The ventilation efficiency of the block has a certain negative correlation with the building density, and as the building density decreased by more than 10%, the proportion of the comfortable wind zones could increase by 4–5%.

Background: Previous studies have shown that interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) is a ubiquitous phenomenon between individuals, and recent studies have further demonstrated close associations between INS and shared external sensorimotor input and/or internal mental processes within a dyad. However, most previous studies have employed an observational approach to describe the behavior-INS correlation, leading to difficulties in causally disentangling the relationship among INS, external sensorimotor input and the internal mental process. Objective/hypothesis: The present study aimed to directly change the level of INS through anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to test whether the change in INS would directly impact the internal mental process (Hypothesis 1) or indirectly through external sensorimotor input; the interaction behaviors were also changed (Hypothesis 2) or not (Hypothesis 3). Methods: Thirty pairs of romantically involved heterosexual couples were recruited for a within-subjects design. Three conditions were assessed: a true stimulation condition with 20-min anodal high-definition tDCS to the right anterior temporal lobe (rATL) of women before they communicated with their partners, a sham stimulation condition and a control brain region stimulation condition. The comparison between the true and sham or control brain region conditions allows us to detect the true effect of brain stimulation on INS. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning was used to simultaneously collect dyadic participants' hemodynamic signals during communication. INS, empathy, and interaction behaviors were examined and compared among different stimulation conditions. Results: True brain stimulation significantly decreased INS between the rATL of the women and sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of the men compared to the sham stimulation condition (t(27.8) = −2.821, P = 0.009, d = 0.714) and control brain region stimulation condition (t(27.2) = −2.606, P = 0.015, d = 0.664) during communication. It also significantly decreased the level of emotional empathy (F(2,145) = 6.893, P = 0.001) but did not change sensorimotor processes, such as verbal or nonverbal interaction behaviors. However, nonverbal behaviors mediated the relationship between the changes in INS and emotional empathy (lower limit confidence interval = 0.01, upper limit confidence interval = 2.66). Conclusion(s): These findings support the third hypothesis, suggesting that INS is associated with the shared internal mental process indirectly via the sensorimotor process, but the sensorimotor process itself does not covary with the INS and the associated internal mental process. These results provide new insight into the hierarchical architecture of dual-brain function from a bottom-up perspective.

Abstract It is important for territorial spatial planning to master meteorological disaster risk under the conditions of climate change and then carry out risk adaptation planning according to local conditions. Taking Beijing, a large city in China, as an example, a meteorological disaster risk assessment model was established based on the framework of hazard factors, disaster‐bearing body exposure, and vulnerability of underlying surface. Combined with 11 years of observation data from 293 high‐density weather stations, the rainstorm and high‐temperature risks of urban, agriculture, and ecological spaces were studied. The results show that (1) rainstorms and high‐temperature are mainly distributed in the built‐up areas of plain towns, which are the climate risk factors that need to be considered. (2) The central city of Beijing is at a high risk of rainstorms and high temperature, indicating that the underlying surface and disaster‐bearing body are highly vulnerable to meteorological disasters. (3) In suburbs with agricultural land, there is a certain rainstorm risk in Fangshan and Daxing districts, and a risk of high temperatures in the southern part of Tongzhou and Daxing. (4) The risk of high temperatures in the ecological space (eco‐zone) is relatively low, but the rainstorm risk is relatively high in Pinggu and Miyun. (5) The strategies of coping with rainstorm and high‐temperature disaster risk in Beijing's territorial space planning were discussed.

In the Yellow and Bohai Seas, the detailed characteristics of visibility are analyzed based on automatic hourly observation data of marine visibility between 2019 and 2021. The results show that the annual average visibility in the Yellow and Bohai Seas is 13.346 km. The average visibility at high latitudes is higher than that at low latitudes in the Yellow and Bohai Seas. The low visibility area is mainly distributed in the southwest of the Yellow Sea. There are obvious seasonal differences in visibility in the Yellow and Bohai Seas. Visibility is high from September to November, with maximum values in October. Visibility is lowest in July when the maximum visibility is low and the minimum visibility is high. The visibility in spring is overall relatively low, and the areas of low visibility appear in the southwest of the Yellow Sea. The visibility in autumn is overall relatively high, and the areas of high visibility occur in the northern part of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. The visibility has significant intraday variation. The visibility around sunset is significantly higher than that around sunrise. The hourly visibility is low between 4:00 and 9:00, with the lowest visibility most likely around 7:00. The hourly visibility is high between 16:00 and 21:00, with the highest visibility most likely around 18:00. Low visibility occurs frequently between November and April, most of all in March. Low visibility most often occurs between 4:00 and 7:00. Low visibility may occur at any time between November and April, and also in mornings between May and August. It occurs less often at other times.

By not only relying on the initial state but also relying on states before, the principle of a self-retrospect dynamic system has been developed to represent the changes in a system since 1991. Afterward, the periphery theory was established, which studies the boundary of a system. We try to integrate the principle of the self-retrospect system and periphery theory in this study. Thus, a self-retrospect periphery gate model, a new expression of temporal-spatial concept, has been derived to investigate the change of a system and forecast it in physics. Firstly, for the equation with a time difference term that controls the motion of the system, a difference-integral equation can be derived by introducing a retrospect function and applying the inner product, partial integral, and mean value theorem. The principle of constructing and solving the difference-integral equation of the system is referred to as the principle of self-retrospect dynamic systems, and the corresponding mathematical model is called the self-retrospect model. The principle of system self-retrospect has been applied to modeling, calculating, and forecasting in many fields such as meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, market, agriculture, transportation, energy, and so on. Secondly, the periphery is defined as an intermediary that can protect the system and exchange with the environment. It is a part of the system and is adjacent to the environment. It has been applied in many fields since the periphery theory was put forward, such as physics, meteorology, water resources, economy, as well as sports. Thirdly, the concept of periphery gate is embedded into the self-retrospect equation, the self-retrospect gate model has been proposed, and the physical implication of the model is mentioned. The mathematical derivation of the model and its physical explanation are the main points of the study. The applications of the model in physics and meteorology are discussed, for example, the relationship between heavy snowfall and airflow passage in Beijing was studied using synoptic meteorology in detail.

Fast quality control (FQC) is important to deal with high-frequency observation records at meteorological station networks in time, and may check whether the records fall within a range of acceptable values. Threshold tests in the previous quality control methods for monthly, daily, or hourly observation data do not work well for 0.5 Hz data at a single station. In this study, we develop an algorithm for the automatic determination of maximum and minimum minute thresholds for 0.5 Hz temperature data in the data collection phase of the newly built stations. The fast threshold test based on the percentile threshold (0.1–99.9%) and standard deviation scheme is able to efficiently identify the incorrect data in the current minute. A visual graph is generated every minute, and the time series of the data records and the thresholds are displayed by the automated graphical procedures. The observations falling outside the thresholds are flagged and then a manual check is performed. This algorithm has the higher efficiency and lower computational requirement in identifying out the obvious outliers of 0.5 Hz data in real or near-real time observation. Meanwhile, this algorithm can also find problems in observation instruments. This method is applied to the quality control of 0.5 Hz data at two Tianjin experiment stations and hourly data at one Shenyang experiment station. The results show that this fast threshold test may be a viable option in the data collection phase. The advantage of this method is that the computation requires less memory and the computational burden is reduced for real or near-real time observations, so it may be extended to test other meteorological variables measured by high-frequency measurement systems.

Myelin abnormalities have been observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we seek to discover myelin-related changes in the striatum, a key brain region responsible for core ASD features, using the 16p11.2 deletion (16p11.2±) mouse model of ASD. We found downregulated expression of multiple myelin genes and decreased myelin thickness in the striatum of 16p11.2± mice versus wild type controls. Moreover, given that myelin is the main reservoir of brain lipids and that increasing evidence has linked dysregulation of lipid metabolism to ASD, we performed lipidomic analysis and discovered decreased levels of certain species of sphingomyelin, hexosyl ceramide and their common precursor, ceramide, in 16p11.2± striatum, all of which are major myelin components. We further identified lack of ceramide synthase 2 as the possible reason behind the decrease in these lipid species. Taken together, our data suggest a role for myelin and myelin lipids in ASD development.

The planning techniques and strategies for optimizing the urban wind and heat environment are important means for cities to adapt to climate change at the source. This study used Shenzhen, a sub-tropical megacity in southern China, as an example for evaluating the climate environment, heat island intensity, and urban form, and then for analyzing the relationships between them. The results revealed a high-quality climate area located southeast of Shenzhen that can provide a high wind speed and low temperature. Low-quality climate areas were located in the central and western regions and were less comfortable. The relationship between surface ventilation potential and urban form was analyzed using linear regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient, showing that there was a significant correlation between a surface urban heat island (SUHI) and building density (BD) as well as the sky view factor (SVF), and that there was also a correlation between the ventilation potential coefficient (VPC) and other factors, such as the surface’s roughness length (RL) and building height (BH). The results showed that ventilation capacity deteriorated as BH and RL increased. An environmentally sensitive thermal area was identified from the surface urban heat island intensity, which was always in a strong heat island (SHI) or sub-strong heat island (SSHI) year-round. It was recommended that seven level one corridors and nine level two corridors be formed. Additionally, thermal and wind environment optimization strategies and protective suggestions were proposed for the city’s overall development.

Based on Chaotic Dynamics, this paper illustrated the necessity of research and the objective existence of atmospheric unpredictability. Actually, inaccurate forecast happens all the time in both operational weather forecasting and climate prediction in which atmospheric unpredictability hides. By means of Discrete Mathematics, this paper also defined the Degree of Hesitation and the Predictable Days with which to discuss and compare the relationship between the predictability and unpredictability of several different forecast objects. In addition, this paper discussed the approaches of evaluating the atmospheric predictability and unpredictability, emphatically showed the Experience Assessment Method. At the last, this paper also proved the existence of atmospheric unpredictability by an example.

Loop closure detection serves as the fulcrum of improving the accuracy and precision in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The majority of loop detection methods extract artificial features, which fall short of learning comprehensive data information, but unsupervised learning as a typical deep learning method excels in self-access learning and clustering to analyze the similarity without handling the data. Moreover, the unsupervised learning method does solve restrictions on image quality and singleness semantics in many traditional SLAM methods. Therefore, a loop closure detection strategy based on an unsupervised learning method is proposed in this paper. The main component adopts BigBiGAN to extract features and establish an original bag of words. Then, the complete bag of words is used to detect loop closing. Finally, a considerable validation check of the ORB descriptor is added to verify the result and output outcome of loop closure detection. The proposed algorithm and other compared algorithms are, respectively, applied on Autolabor Pro1 to execute the indoor visual SLAM. The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm increases the recall rate by 20% compared with ORB-SLAM2 and LSD-SLAM. And it also improves at least 40.0% accuracy than others and reduces 14% time loss of ORB-SLAM2. Therefore, the presented SLAM based on BigBiGAN does benefit much the visual SLAM in the indoor environment.

According to the research on the influence of resources on mate selection, the amount of financial resources affects an individual’s choice of “luxuries” and “necessities” among mate selection cues, while the amount of time resources affects cue diversity. However, for a long time, researchers only paid attention to the impact of financial resources and ignored the role of time resources. Therefore, this paper draws lessons from the relevant research on the influence of time on decision-making and proposes to study mate selection from the perspective of decision-making. Additionally, current research concerning the influence of resources on the choice of a spouse focuses more on results and neglects to examine the process. Therefore, based on the relevant theories, this paper makes several theoretical assumptions regarding the influence mechanism of resource availability on mate choice decisions, gender differences, and the actor-partner effect.

Outcome expectancies have been found to play important roles in addictive behaviors. Research has shown that implicit outcome expectancies (OE) were significantly correlated with Internet gaming behaviors among players with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, few empirical studies have further examined the relationship between implicit OE and players with IGD. This study first strengthened the implicit association between Internet games and negative outcomes using an evaluative conditioning paradigm (EC) and then examined the effects of increasing the negativity of implicit OE on Internet gaming impulsivity. Thirty-nine college students who were diagnosed as players with IGD participated in the study. Manipulation checks showed that after the EC was introduced, participants associated Internet gaming stimuli more closely with negative outcomes than with positive outcomes. After the implicit OE were effectively altered to be negative, players with IGD performed better in the delay discounting paradigm, showing a lower impulsivity with respect to Internet gaming.

This study draws on previous studies to develop the Social Networking Sites Use Multi-Motive Grid Questionnaire (SNSU-MMG) and test its reliability and validity. The results show that social networking sites use motivation includes four factors: cognitive motivation, emotional motivation, leisure motivation and herding motivation. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity tests show that the questionnaire has good structural validity, internal consistency and split-half reliability. The SNSU-MMG can be used as a measurement tool for users' social networking sites use implicit motivation.

Interpersonal relationship and loneliness are important factors affecting internet addictive behavior of individuals. In the present study, we investigated intimate interpersonal relationships and loneliness in internet-addicts. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) of 32 internet addicts and 32 non internet-addicts. Participants viewed intimate-/conflict-relationship, happy/lonely, and neutral images. Results concerning attention probes showed that the accuracy rate of attention probes of internet-addicts was significantly lower than that of non internet-addicts; whereas, there was no significant difference in the reaction time of attention probes. Moreover, the differences in the mean amplitude and latency of P1, N1, N2P3, and LPP between internet-addicts and non internet-addicts were insignificant. Then, we found that the P1 amplitude of conflict images was significantly higher than that of intimate images among non internet-addicts; whereas internet-addicts indicated an insignificant difference between the two types of images. The P1 amplitude of lonely images was significantly higher than that of happy images among internet-addicts, but non internet-addicts were insignificant. The questionnaire data also obtained similar conclusions based on the EEG data. Finally, internet-addicts reported significantly higher loneliness scores than those of non internet-addicts. These results suggested that the social cognitive function of internet-addicts was probably impaired, especially in the cognition of interpersonal conflict. Furthermore, internet-addicts are likely to keep poor interpersonal relationships, which may induce more loneliness. Keywords: Internet addiction, Interpersonal relationship, Loneliness, ERP, Cognitive mechanism

Comprehensive identification of drought events is of great significance for monitoring and evaluating drought processes. Based on the date of daily precipitation, temperature and drought-affected area of 403 meteorological stations in North China from 1960 to 2019, the Comprehensive Drought Process Intensity Index (CDPII) has been developed by using the Meteorological-drought Composite Index (MCI) and regional drought process identification method, as well as the EIDR theory method. The regional drought processes in the past 60 years in North China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Middle Inner Mongolia, were analyzed and identified. The result shows that the distribution characteristic of droughts with different intensities is as follows: The number of days of all annual-average mild droughts, moderate droughts and severe droughts was highest in Tianjin and that of extreme droughts was highest in Shanxi. The number of days of mild droughts was highest in May and lowest in January. The number of days of moderate droughts was highest in June. The number of days with mild and moderate drought showed an overall increasing trend, while the number of days with severe drought and above showed an overall decreasing trend (through a 95% significance test). The number of drought days was the highest in the 1990s. The annual frequency of drought is between 66.7% and 86.7%; the drought frequency in Hebei is the highest at 86.7%, followed by Beijing at 80%. There were 75 regional drought processes in North China from 1960 to 2019, and the correlation coefficient between process intensity and the drought-affected area was 0.55, which passed the 99% significance test. The comprehensive intensity of drought process from 27 April to 1 September 1972 was the strongest. From 18 May to 31 October 1965, the drought lasted 167 days. The overall drought intensity had a slight weakening trend in the past 60 years. A total of 75 regional drought processes occurred in North China, and the process intensity showed a trend of wavy decline with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.079 (95% significance test). Overall, the regional drought process identification method and strength assessment result tally with the drought disaster, which can better identify the regional drought process. Furthermore, including the last days, the average intensity, average scope comprehensive strength, there are many angles to monitor and evaluate the drought and drought process. These provide a reference for drought control and decision-making.

The needs of decision makers in China are being used to develop climate science and climate services through the Climate Science for Services Partnership. Focusing on examples of work for the energy and urban sectors, this paper outlines the approach taken and gives case studies of climate service development. We find that there is great opportunity for climate service development within the existing China Framework for Climate Services, and for enhancing the science that underpins such services. We also find challenges unique to the socio-economic and cultural environment in China, which must be taken into account when developing climate services here, as well as challenges common to all climate service development.

This study examined the unique and interactive effects of various career-specific parenting practices (i.e., parental career support, interference, and lack of engagement) on Chinese high school students’ career decision-making self-efficacy (CDSE) as well as the mediating role of autonomy in such associations. Based on data from 641 Chinese high school students (47.6% male; mean age = 15.28 years old, SD = 0.49) in 2016, two moderated mediating effects were identified. Higher level of parental career engagement strengthened the positive association between parental career support and adolescents’ autonomy, which in turn, was associated positively with adolescents’ CDSE. Parental career interference related negatively with adolescents’ CDSE via autonomy when lack of parental career engagement was low, but related positively with adolescents’ CDSE via autonomy when lack of parental career engagement was high. These findings advance our understanding of the underlying processes between career-specific parenting practices and adolescents’ CDSE. Implications for practices were discussed.

NOX (NOX = NO + NO2) emissions measurements in Beijing are of great significance because they can aid in understanding how NOX pollution develops in mega-cities throughout China. However, NOX emissions in mega-cities are difficult to measure due to changes in wind patterns and moving sources on roads during measurement. To obtain good spatial coverage on different ring roads in Beijing over a short amount of time, two mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments were used to measure NOX emission flux from April 18th to 26th, 2018. In addition, a wind profile radar provided simultaneous wind field measurements for altitudes between 50 m and 1 km for each ring road measurement. We first determined NOX emission flux of different ring roads using wind field averages from measured wind data. The results showed that the NOX emission flux of Beijing’s fifth ring road, which represented the urban part, varied from (19.29 ± 5.26) × 1024 molec./s to (36.46 ± 12.86) × 1024 molec./s. On April 20th, NOX emission flux for the third ring was slightly higher than the fourth ring because the two ring roads were measured at different time periods. We then analyzed the NOX emission flux error budget and error sensitivity. The main error source was the wind field uncertainty. For some measurements, the main emission flux error source was either wind speed uncertainty or wind direction uncertainty, but not both. As Beijing’s NOX emissions came from road vehicle exhaust, we found that emission flux error had a more diverse sensitivity to wind direction uncertainty, which improved our knowledge on this topic. The NOX emission flux error sensitivity study indicated that more accurate measurements of the wind field are crucial for effective NOX emission flux measurements in Chinese mega-cities. Obtaining actual time and high resolved wind measurements is an advantage for mega-cities’ NOX emission flux measurements. The emission flux errors caused by wind direction and wind speed uncertainties were clearly distinguished. Other sensitivity studies indicated that NOX/NO2 ratio uncertainty dominated flux errors when the NOX/NO2 ratio uncertainty was >0.4. Using two mobile-DOAS and wind profile radars to measure NOx emission flux improved the quality of the emission flux measuring results. This approach could be applied to many other mega-cities in China and in others countries.

Based on the Vulnerability Stress Adaptation model, this study examined the relationship between forgiveness and marital stability, and provides a first look at the mediating role of marital quality in this association during the first 3 years of marriage based on three annual waves of data collected from 268 Chinese couples. Tests of actor–partner interdependence mediation models revealed direct effects of decisional forgiveness and emotional forgiveness on the concurrent levels of marital stability for husbands, and indirect effects of emotional forgiveness on the concurrent and longitudinal levels of marital stability through marital quality for both husbands and wives. There was also an indirect effect of wives’ emotional forgiveness on concurrent and longitudinal levels of husbands’ marital stability through their wives’ marital quality. Thus, emotional forgiveness, rather than decisional forgiveness, contributes to longitudinal levels of marital stability through marital quality. Theoretical implications and future directions for research are discussed.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the mutual relationships between dyadic level (i.e., marital quality and parenting stress) and individual level factors (i.e., children and parental depressive symptoms) in families of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Specifically, we explored whether marital interaction (marital quality) was associated with symptoms of child depression through parent-child interaction (parenting stress) and parent depressive symptoms. We also explored whether parent-child interaction was associated with symptoms of parent depression through marital interaction and child depressive symptoms. This study was conducted with 256 parent-child dyads, consisting of children with ODD and one of each child's parents. Participants were recruited from 14 primary schools located in northern, eastern, and southwestern China. Results revealed that marital quality predicted symptoms of child depression through the parenting stress, but not parent depressive symptoms; and parenting stress predicted symptoms of parent depression through marital quality, but not through child depressive symptoms. Also, parenting stress significantly and directly predicted parent depressive symptoms. We concluded in families of children with ODD, the association of marital interaction and parent-child interaction on both symptoms of parent and child depression highlighted the mutual effects of the couple subsystem and the parent-child subsystem. Furthermore, in regard to parental and child depressive symptoms, implications for intervention are provided.

School engagement plays a prominent role in promoting academic accomplishments. In contrast to the relative wealth of research that examined the impact of students’ school engagement on their academic achievement, considerably less research has investigated the effect of high school students’ prior achievement on their school engagement. The present study examined the relationship between prior achievement and school engagement among Chinese high school students. Based on the Dweck’s social-cognitive theory of motivation, we further examined the moderating effect of students’ theories of intelligence (TOIs) on this relationship. A total of 4036 (2066 girls) students from five public high school enrolled in grades 10 reported their high school entrance exam achievement in Chinese, Math and English, school engagement, and TOIs. Results showed that (a) students’ prior achievement predicted their behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement, respectively, and (b) the association between prior achievement and behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement is strong for students with an incremental theory but not for those with an entity theory in the emotional and cognitive engagement. These findings suggest that prior achievement and incremental theory were implicated in relation to adolescents’ school engagement. Implications and future research directions were discussed.

Based on cohort data obtained from 13,085 college freshmen's (2005 to 2011) SCL-90 (the Symptom Check-List-90) reports and their subsequent 4-year psychological counseling help-seeking records, this study examined the association between college students' mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors across four college years. Female students' mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors increased from the 2005 to the 2011 cohorts and no changes emerged for male students across cohorts. Overall, male students reported higher levels of mental health problems than did female students in the first college year, whereas female students reported more help-seeking behaviors than did male students in the following four college years. College students' mental health problems was associated positively with help-seeking behaviors. College students were more likely to seek help from the college psychological counselling center when they experienced relatively few or quite a lot of mental health issues (i.e., an inversed U shape). Implications for future studies and practices are discussed.