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Non-centrosomal microtubules are essential cytoskeletal filaments that are important for neurite formation, axonal transport, and neuronal migration. They require stabilization by microtubule minus-end-targeting proteins including the CAMSAP family of molecules. Using exome sequencing on samples from five unrelated families, we show that bi-allelic CAMSAP1 loss-of-function variants cause a clinically recognizable, syndromic neuronal migration disorder. The cardinal clinical features of the syndrome include a characteristic craniofacial appearance, primary microcephaly, severe neurodevelopmental delay, cortical visual impairment, and seizures. The neuroradiological phenotype comprises a highly recognizable combination of classic lissencephaly with a posterior more severe than anterior gradient similar to PAFAH1B1(LIS1)-related lissencephaly and severe hypoplasia or absence of the corpus callosum; dysplasia of the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and midbrain; and cerebellar hypodysplasia, similar to the tubulinopathies, a group of monogenic tubulin-associated disorders of cortical dysgenesis. Neural cell rosette lineages derived from affected individuals displayed findings consistent with these phenotypes, including abnormal morphology, decreased cell proliferation, and neuronal differentiation. Camsap1-null mice displayed increased perinatal mortality, and RNAScope studies identified high expression levels in the brain throughout neurogenesis and in facial structures, consistent with the mouse and human neurodevelopmental and craniofacial phenotypes. Together our findings confirm a fundamental role of CAMSAP1 in neuronal migration and brain development and define bi-allelic variants as a cause of a clinically distinct neurodevelopmental disorder in humans and mice.

Femtosecond laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) of Ga0.8As29.2Sb10S60 glasses doped with gradient Tm3+ concentrations and the effects of laser-induced damage on the glass' luminescence properties were studied in this work. Tm3+ doping in the glass considerably decreased the LIDT, from 3394.8 to 1881.8 mJ/cm2, when the Tm3+ concentration increased from 0 to 5000 ppmw. This was related to the absorption of Tm3+ around the femtosecond laser's wavelength and microstructural changes caused by the Tm3+ doping. On the other hand, the femtosecond laser changed the glass matrix's elemental distribution and microstructure. Although the laser damaged the glass, the luminescence properties were barely affected. Based on the changes, femtosecond laser damage mechanism of chalcogenide glass doped with rare earth element was firstly proposed.

Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV; Peribunyaviridae ) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that causes widespread human febrile illness in South America, with occasional progression to neurologic effects. Host factors mediating the cellular entry of OROV are undefined. Here, we show that OROV uses the host protein low-density lipoprotein–related protein 1 (Lrp1) for efficient cellular infection. Cells from evolutionarily distinct species lacking Lrp1 were less permissive to OROV infection than cells with Lrp1. Treatment of cells with either the high-affinity Lrp1 ligand receptor-associated protein (RAP) or recombinant ectodomain truncations of Lrp1 significantly reduced OROV infection. In addition, chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing OROV glycoproteins (VSV-OROV) bound to the Lrp1 ectodomain in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate the biological relevance of the OROV-Lrp1 interaction in a proof-of-concept mouse study in which treatment of mice with RAP at the time of infection reduced tissue viral load and promoted survival from an otherwise lethal infection. These results with OROV, along with the recent finding of Lrp1 as an entry factor for Rift Valley fever virus, highlight the broader significance of Lrp1 in cellular infection by diverse bunyaviruses. Shared strategies for entry, such as the critical function of Lrp1 defined here, provide a foundation for the development of pan-bunyaviral therapeutics.

Further power scaling and stable laser performance were demonstrated in the Yb/Ce codoped aluminosilicate fiber fabricated through low-temperature chelate gas phase deposition technique. The molar ratio of Ce/Yb was designed and optimized to be 0.58 for low background loss, effective photodarkening suppression, and no additional thermal load. The background loss of this active fiber was 4.7 dB/km and its photodarkening loss at equilibrium was as low as 3.9 dB/m at 633 nm. Benefiting from low-temperature deposition technique, the fiber showed uniform core composition devoid of clustering and central ‘dip’ of refractive index profile and 0.19 mol% Yb2O3 was homogeneously dissolved into the fiber core plus with 0.41 mol% Al2O3, 0.11 mol% Ce2O3, and 0.32 mol% SiF4. Based on a master oscillator power amplifier laser setup, 5.04 kW laser output at 1079.80 nm was achieved with a slope efficiency of 81.1%. Stabilized at 5kW-level laser for over 60 minutes, the output power presented almost no power degradation, directly confirming a noticeable photodarkening mitigation.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the incidence of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) of up to 50% has prevented their widespread use. With the increase in the use of ICIs alone or as combination therapy, clinicians are required to have a better understanding of irAEs and be able to manage them systematically. In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence of irAEs associated with ICIs. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science databases, and also included relevant literature references to widen our search. The relevant data with inclusion criteria were performed using RevMan 3.6.0 for meta‐analysis. We undertook a systematic literature search which included published data up to December 2019. Results Overall, 147 articles and 23 761 cancer patients with 11 different ICI treatment‐related (grade 1–5 and 3–5) irAEs were included in the study. There were 46 articles on pembrolizumab (6598 patients), 27 on nivolumab (3576 patients), 13 on atezolizumab (2787 patients), 12 on avelumab (3213 patients), 10 on durvalumab (1780 patients), 22 on ipilimumab (4067 patients), eight on tremelimumab (1158 patients), three on JS001 (223 patients), four on camrelizumab (SHR‐1210) (178 patients), one on sintilimab (96 patients), and one on cemiplimab (85 patients). Grade 1–5 irAEs were: cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) (82.87%), programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) (71.89%), and programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) (58.95%). Subgroup analysis was: Avelumab (44.53%), durvalumab (66.63%), pembrolizumab (67.25%), atezolizumab (68.77%), nivolumab (76.25%), Ipilimumab (82.18%), and tremelimumab (86.78%). Grade 3–5 irAEs were: CTLA‐4 (27.22%), PD‐1(17.29%), and PD‐L1(17.29%). Subgroup analysis was: Avelumab (5.86%), durvalumab (13.43%), atezolizumab (14.45%), nivolumab (15.72%), pembrolizumab (16.58%), tremelimumab (22.04%), and ipilimumab (28.27%). Conclusions This meta‐analysis confirmed that anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐PD‐L1 inhibitors had a lower incidence of irAEs compared with anti‐CTLA‐4 inhibitors., This becomes very challenging when oncologists must make decisions among many therapies with similar efficacy and / or specific toxicity characteristics. The advantage of meta‐analysis in this study is that it can reduce publication bias and identify obvious results with higher efficiency. Due to the combination of smaller and larger studies, the effective sample size will be greatly increased. The results of this meta‐analysis can help oncologists choose the type of immune checkpoint inhibitor when deciding on an ICI plan and when planning to use ICI for future research.

Introduction Currently in China, many immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some patients can not benefit from ICIs, and approximately 50% of patients have immunotherapy-related toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor carefully the selection of immunotherapy population using biomarkers to maximize the benefit of patients with NSCLC. Methods A prospective analysis was performed on patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with ICIS at our hospital from March 2018 to June 2019, up to the follow-up deadline of December 31, 2019. The primary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary end points were objective response rate and disease control rate. A lasso regression was used for the univariate analysis, and Cox regression analysis was used for the multivariate analysis. An efficacy prediction line chart was developed. Results A total of 63 patients were included in the study. The median PFS was 7.0 months (95% CI, 5.0-11.0) and did not reach the median OS. According to the lasso regression, significant univariate factors were smoking index, PD-ligand 1 expression, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). According to the multivariate analysis, the Cox proportional hazards model showed that smoking index and NLR are independent predictors of PFS in immunotherapy. A model comprised of independent predictors was developed based on a multivariate logical analysis of the main cohort-non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy prognosis score. This model is shown as a nomogram with a C-index of 0.801 (95% CI, 0.744, 0.858), which has high prediction accuracy. Conclusion This predictive model, including NLR and smoking index, can achieve a 1-year PFS in immunotherapy of patients. PD-1 inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective and safe in the clinical treatment of patients with NSCLC.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly improved the prognosis and overall management of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but in the long term less than 20% of patients benefit from treatment with ICIs. Therefore, it is necessary to guide the choice of immunotherapy population through biomarkers in order to maximize the benefit for NSCLC patients. This article mainly explores the relationship between the efficacy of immunotherapy and specific tumor mutation gene characteristics in an NSCLC population. Methods This was a prospective analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC who visited the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2018 to June 2019 and were instructed to use PD‐1 inhibitors. The follow‐up deadline was 31 December 2019. The tumor pathological tissues were tested for tumor mutation genes, and the patients were evaluated for efficacy according to RECIST 1.1. The patients were divided into the durable benefit group (DCB) and the nonsustainable benefit group (NDB). DCB/NDB was used as the outcome variable. Various statistics methods were used to explore the independent predictors of long‐term benefits associated with immunotherapy and to draw a progression‐free survival curve for the relevant predictors. Results A total of 44 patients were examined for tumor mutation genes in pathological tissues; 20 in the DCB group and 24 in the NDB group. Specific gene mutations occurred in TP53 38.64%, KRAS 31.82%, EGFR 20.45%, BRCA 20.45%, ERBB (excluding EGFR) 18.18%, PTEN 15.91%, CDK4/6 13.64%, POLE 11.36%, MET 11.36%, PIK3CA 9.10%, FGFR 9.10%, BRAF 9.10%, JAK 9.10%, ALK 6.82%, POLD1 4.55%, BLM 4.55%. Chi‐square test results showed that there were statistically significant differences between DCB and NDB groups with eight mutations such as KRAS. Logistic regression showed that the KRAS mutation was statistically significant (P

Rare earth-doped nanoparticles have been widely used in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tumor therapy, and bioimaging. Among various bioimaging methods, the fluorescence imaging technology based on the rare earth-doped nanoparticles can visually display the cell activity and lesion evolution in living animals, which is a powerful tool in biological technology and has being widely applied in medical and biological fields. Especially in the band of near infrared (700–1700 nm), the emissions show the characteristics of deep penetration due to low absorption, low photon scattering, and low autofluorescence interference. Furthermore, the rare earth-doped nanoparticles can be endowed with the water solubility, biocompatibility, drug-loading ability, and the targeting ability for different tumors by surface functionalization. This confirms its potential in the cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the application of rare earth-doped nanoparticles in the field of bioimaging and tumor treatment. The luminescent mechanism, properties, and structure design were also discussed.

Polydopamine (PDA)-modified NaEr

Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic pathogen with pandemic potential. RVFV entry is mediated by the viral glycoprotein (Gn), but host entry factors remain poorly defined. Our genome-wide CRISPR screen identified low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (mouse Lrp1/human LRP1), heat shock protein (Grp94), and receptor associated protein (RAP) as critical host factors for RVFV infection. RVFV Gn directly binds to specific clusters Lrp1 and is glycosylation independent. Exogenous addition of murine RAP domain 3 (mRAP(D3)) and anti-Lrp1 antibodies neutralize RVFV infection in taxonomically diverse cell lines. Mice treated with mRAP(D3) and infected with pathogenic RVFV are protected from disease and death. A mutant mRAPD3 that binds Lrp1 weakly failed to protect from RVFV infection. Altogether, these data support Lrp1 as a host entry factor for RVFV infection and defines a new target to limit RVFV infections.

Background The WRKY proteins are a superfamily of transcription factors and members play essential roles in the modulation of diverse physiological processes, such as growth, development, senescence and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the biological roles of the majority of the WRKY family members remains poorly understood in soybean relative to the research progress in model plants. Results In this study, we identified and characterized GmWRKY40, which is a group IIc WRKY gene. Transient expression analysis revealed that the GmWRKY40 protein is located in the nucleus of plant cells. Expression of GmWRKY40 was strongly induced in soybean following infection with Phytophthora sojae, or treatment with methyl jasmonate, ethylene, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid. Furthermore, soybean hairy roots silencing GmWRKY40 enhanced susceptibility to P. sojae infection compared with empty vector transgenic roots. Moreover, suppression of GmWRKY40 decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modified the expression of several oxidation-related genes. Yeast two-hybrid experiment combined with RNA-seq analysis showed that GmWRKY40 interacted with 8 JAZ proteins with or without the WRKY domain or zinc-finger domain of GmWRKY40, suggesting there were different interaction patterns among these interacted proteins. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggests that GmWRKY40 functions as a positive regulator in soybean plants response to P. sojae through modulating hydrogen peroxide accumulation and JA signaling pathway.

Background The generation of reporter lines for cell identity, lineage, and physiologic state has provided a powerful tool in advancing the dissection of mouse kidney morphogenesis at a molecular level. Although use of this approach is not an option for studying human development in vivo, its application in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is now feasible. Methods We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate ten fluorescence reporter iPSC lines designed to identify nephron progenitors, podocytes, proximal and distal nephron, and ureteric epithelium. Directed differentiation to kidney organoids was performed according to published protocols. Using immunofluorescence and live confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and cell sorting techniques, we investigated organoid patterning and reporter expression characteristics. Results Each iPSC reporter line formed well patterned kidney organoids. All reporter lines showed congruence of endogenous gene and protein expression, enabling isolation and characterization of kidney cell types of interest. We also demonstrated successful application of reporter lines for time-lapse imaging and mouse transplantation experiments. Conclusions We generated, validated, and applied a suite of fluorescence iPSC reporter lines for the study of morphogenesis within human kidney organoids. This fluorescent iPSC reporter toolbox enables the visualization and isolation of key populations in forming kidney organoids, facilitating a range of applications, including cellular isolation, time-lapse imaging, protocol optimization, and lineage-tracing approaches. These tools offer promise for enhancing our understanding of this model system and its correspondence with human kidney morphogenesis.

This pilot study aimed to prove the complementary value of a novel Gallium-labeled heterodimeric peptide, Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD, in detection and evaluation of tumors with somatostatin receptor subtype 2 or integrin αvβ3 overexpression, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC).With institute review board approval and written informed consent, 32 patients with pathologically diagnosed lung cancer (18 NSCLC, 14 SCLC) and 12 patients with neuroendocrine neoplasm (8 NET, 4 NEC) patients were recruited to undergo Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD PET/CT. For comparison, the NSCLC patients also underwent Ga-NOTA-TATE PET/CT, the SCLC patients underwent Ga-NOTA-RGD PET/CT, and the neuroendocrine neoplasm patients underwent F-FDG PET/CT within 3 days. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the primary tumor (T) and mean SUV of the blood pool (B) were measured, and the T/B ratios were calculated for comparison.In the primary tumors of NSCLC, the T/B ratios of Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD were significantly higher than those of Ga-NOTA-TATE (4.54 ± 3.00 versus 4.10 ± 2.83, P = 0.0058). In SCLC, the T/B ratios of Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD were significantly higher than those of Ga-NOTA-RGD (6.06 ± 6.09 versus 2.65 ± 1.19, P = 0.0344). In NET, the T/B ratios of Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD were 36.13 ± 33.84, significantly higher than those of F-FDG (2.91 ± 1.71, P = 0.0234). In NEC, there were no significant difference between the T/B ratios of Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD (4.80 ± 0.85) and those of F-FDG (3.56 ± 0.74, P = 0.1833).This proof-of-concept study preliminarily demonstrates the efficacy of the dual targeting Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD PET/CT in the evaluation of lung cancer and neuroendocrine neoplasm in a single scan.

According to multiple studies, the objective response rate of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the second‐line treatment of unscreened non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is only approximately 20%. Predictive biomarkers of treatment efficacies are still under investigation. In selected NSCLC patients with PD‐L1 expression ≥ 50%, the response rate of pembrolizumab in first‐line treatment can reach 44.8%. Moreover, patients with a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) tend to achieve a better response with nivolumab. Besides PD‐L1 expression and TMB, taking all these indicators into consideration would hypothetically maximize the clinical response in a specific subgroup of patients. Our study aims to accumulate large and complete samples and clinical data to verify the biomarkers and their cutoff values related to the efficacy of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in Chinese NSCLC patients, and to construct a comprehensive predictive model by combining multi‐omics data with contemporary machine learning techniques. NSCLC patients administered treatment of anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 antibodies or a combination with other drugs have been enrolled. The estimated enrollment is 250 participants. A sophisticated predictive model of immunotherapy response in the Chinese population has not yet been developed. It is clinically and practically imperative to comprehensively evaluate the possible indicators of Chinese NSCLC patients through multiple test platforms, such as next generation sequencing, PCR, or immunohistochemistry. This study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900021395).

Lignification is a key event in plant defense against pathogens. In the plant lignin biosynthetic pathway, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) catalyzes the conversion of trans-cinnamic acid to p-coumaric acid. However, the potential role of C4H in plant defense remains elusive. In this research, a soybean C4H gene, GmC4H1, was identified via microarray-based comparative transcriptome analysis of genes responsive to Phytophthora sojae infection. The accumulation of GmC4H1 transcripts increased significantly upon P. sojae infection. Nicotiana benthamiana plants overexpressing GmC4H1 demonstrated enhanced lignin accumulation and elevated resistance to both Phytophthora parasitica and Verticillium dahliae. The silencing of GmC4H1 in soybean hairy roots resulted in decreased resistance to P. sojae. These results together suggest that GmC4H1 contributes positively to plant defense against various pathogens, possibly by enhancing lignin biosynthesis.

A series of Co2+:ZnSe and Co2+:ZnSe/ZnSe nanocrystals emitting mid-infrared (mid-IR) fluorescence centered at around 3.4 and 4.7 μm were successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The core/shell structure and post-heat treatment under reducing atmosphere were adopted to decrease the nanocrystal’s surface quenching centers and defects and improve the mid-IR photoluminescence. By analysis of the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, Fourier transform IR, absorption, and mid-IR emission measurements of serial concentrations of Co2+-doped ZnSe nanocrystals, the crystal phase, grain size, core/shell structure, distribution of Co2+ ions, impurities on the surface, and mid-IR emission performance were investigated in detail. By use of optimum Co2+ concentration, core/shell structure construction, and proper post-heat treatment, the mid-IR emission intensities of nanocrystals were enha...

Background Floxed (flanked by loxP) alleles are a crucial portion of conditional knockout mouse models. However, an efficient and reliable strategy to flox genomic regions of any desired size is still lacking. Results Here, we demonstrate that the method combining electroporation of fertilized eggs with gRNA/Cas9 complexes and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), assessing phasing of loxP insertions in founders using an in vitro Cre assay and an optional, highly specific and efficient second-round targeting ensures the generation of floxed F1 animals in roughly five months for a wide range of sequence lengths (448 bp to 160 kb reported here). Conclusions Floxed alleles can be reliably obtained in a predictable timeline using the improved method of electroporation of two gRNA/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) and two ssODNs.

8573 Background: The treatment mode of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is mainly based on the comprehensive treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. IMpower133 study, suggesting that immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy first-line treatment for advanced SCLC may bring new research directions of clinical benefit. Previous study suggested that the combination of anti-PD-1 antibody camrelizumab and VEGFR-2 inhibitor apatinib significantly improved antitumor effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy (irinotecan combined with platinum) followed by camrelizumab combined with apatinib in the first-line treatment of SCLC. Methods: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients were enrolled in this single-center, single-arm study. During the induction treatment phase, Patients received camrelizumab (200mg q3w), irinotecan (65 mg/m2, q3w) and platinum (cisplatin: 30 mg/m2, carboplatin: AUC=4̃5), after 4-6 cycles, the patient entered the maintenance phase, and then patients received camrelizumab combined with apatinib until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Treatment efficacy was assessed every 3 cycles (6 weeks). The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints are objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR) and overall survival (OS), which are based on RECIST 1.1. Results: At data cut-off (Jan 10, 2022), 20 extensive-stage SCLC patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients were evaluable. Median age was 64 years, male accounts for 85.0% (17/20). Median follow-up was 5.0 months (range 0.4̃17.6 months). Of 18 evaluable patients, no one achieved complete response Partial response was achieved by 17 (94.4%) patients and stable disease exhibited by 1 (5.6%) patient. The ORR and DCR were 94.4% and 100%, respectively. mPFS and mDoR have not been reached. In terms of adverse events (AEs), reactive cutaneous capillary hyperplasia (RCCEP) was observed in 10 (47.6%) patients 10 patients. Grade III-IV AEs were observed in 7 (35.0%) patients with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobin reduction, leukopenia, rash. The rest were grade I-II AEs. Conclusions: The treatment in this study showed impressive ORR and DCR, and acceptable toxicity, and may be a promising method as a first line treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT04453930.

Objective: This study analyzed the expression of miR-92a in colon tumor tissues and its correlation with disease clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Methods: 83 cases of colorectal cancer tissues and paracancerous normal tissues acquired from colon cancer resection surgery during January 2015-January 2017 were collected. We detected the expression of miR-92a in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues by qRT-PCR, and analyzed the correlation between the relative expression of miR-92 in colon cancer tissues and clinicopathologic characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the patients accordingly. Results: The relative expression level of miR-92a in colon cancer tissues was higher than of paracancerous tissues (P0.05). Patients with low expression of miR-92a had superior PFS to the control group (P>0.05) and better OS (P

The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems as the virus spread from the initial 27 reported cases in the city of Wuhan, China to a global pandemic in under three month[1]. Resources essential to monitoring virus transmission have been challenged with a demand for expanded surveillance. The CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time Diagnostic Panel uses a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) consisting of two TaqMan probe and primer sets specific for the 2019-nCoV N gene, which codes for the nucleocapsid structural protein that encapsulates viral RNA, for the qualitative detection of 2019-nCoV viral RNA in respiratory samples. To isolate RNA from respiratory samples, the CDC lists RNA extraction kits from four manufacturers. In anticipation of a limited supply chain of RNA extraction kits and the need for test scalability, we sought to identify alternative RNA extraction methods. Here we show that direct lysis of respiratory samples can be used in place of RNA extraction kits to run the CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time Diagnostic assay with the additional benefits of higher throughput, lower cost, faster turnaround and possibly higher sensitivity and improved safety.