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Objective: This study explores the effects of music therapy under the framework of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) on the negative emotions and quality of life (QOL) in patients with digestive diseases and mild-to-moderate depression in a general hospital. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, 192 digestive diseases patients with mild-to-moderate depression who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the control group (routine nursing, n = 90) and the observation group (music therapy under PERMA, n = 102). Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), General Well-being Scale, and a 36-item short-form health survey were used to evaluate the negative emotions and QOL of patients. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: At baseline, the general data and the type of digestive disease of the two groups were similar, and no significant difference was noted in the HAMA and HAMD-17 scores (P > 0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the HAMA and HAMD-17 scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In terms of subjective well-being and QOL, the scores of the four dimensions of “satisfaction and interest in life,” “melancholy and cheerful mood,” “control of emotional behavior” and “relaxation and tension” in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the dimension of “body pain” of QOL, the score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Among patients in a general hospital with digestive diseases and mild-to-moderate depression, music therapy under the framework of PERMA shows significant positive effects in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms and improving subjective well-being and specific QOL dimensions.

Abstract This study presents a technique for processing transparent glass and resin substrates using a low-cost laser marker to create a micro-nano-structured surface with exceptional anti-fog properties. The approach involved depositing an aluminum (Al) film on the transparent substrates as an absorbing layer, followed by rapid laser marker ablation. This ablation process effectively removed the majority of the Al film, resulting in the formation of hierarchical hillock-hollow micro-structures and the dispersion of Al-based nano-particles throughout the surface. The resulting structure on resin glasses demonstrated anti-fog performance even after 629 days storage in the laboratory, which marked the longest antifog record. It exhibited impressive antifog property without visible degradation for the first 9 months, which though degraded substantially afterwards. Furthermore, the micro-nano structure played a key role in reducing the contact angle of the surface. The contact angle experienced a significant reduction from a value of 64° for the control resin to 6.9° for the treated resin, while it was reduced from 44° for the control glass to 0° for the treated glass, indicating superhydrophilicity. This 0° superhydrophilic state persisted for a period of 25 days.

In this investigation, the laser marker ablation technique was employed on Cu-coated glass to fabricate micro-nanostructured antifog glass. The resulting surfaces exhibited a quasi-periodic micron hillock-hollow structure with dispersed nanoparticles distributed throughout, which played a role in the antifog property and superhydrophilicity. However, airborne organic pollutant deposition degraded the superhydrophilicity of ablated glass surfaces and, therefore, their antifog performance, which cannot be circumvented. Conventionally, furnace annealing for at least 1 h was used to decompose the organic pollutants and restore the superhydrophilicity, limiting the throughput and application scenario. Remarkably, the rapid regeneration of this property was achieved through either a 5 min rapid thermal treatment at 400 °C or a 1 s flame treatment. These are interventions that are hitherto unreported. Such short and simple treatment methods underscore the potential of laser-ablated glass for diverse practical applications.

Abstract To utilize Cu-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC) adsorbed lubricant oils in the self-lubricating field, the adsorption properties of Cu-BTC on different 1-olefins must be clarified. In this work, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, and 1-dodecene were studied by the Monte Carlo method and experimentally. The adsorption limit of Cu-BTC for n-olefins was determined as 1-undecene by the adsorption isotherms. This suggested a limit for even straight-chain molecules to the adsorption of Cu-BTC. The maximum ratio of the olefin length of the largest pore diameter (L/D) of Cu-BTC was approximately 1.57. Furthermore, theoretical calculations (radial distribution function (RDF)) and experiments (infrared (IR) spectra) confirmed the interaction of n-olefin adsorbates and the Cu-BTC framework occurred between the -CH= of olefins and the Cu and O atoms of the Cu-BTC framework. This work adds to the understanding and investigation of the adsorption of liquid lubricants using Cu-BTC as a metal-organic framework (MOF).

The tribological properties of the self-lubricating polymer were improved by strengthening the properties of the transfer film. The graphene oxide (GO) reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/poly-p-phenylene terephthamide (PPTA) composites (GPPs) were prepared by dual-size synthesis. The tribological properties of GPPs were studied on a ball-on-disk tribometer. GPPs have low friction coefficient (minimum = 0.061) and hydrophobicity (maximum = 137.1385°). The structure–property relationships and the practical effect of transfer film enhancement induced by GO were revealed. We attempt to provide guidance for the GO reinforced self - lubricating polymers design. Finally, in light of the excellent properties of GPPs, this study provides guidance for the GO reinforced self - lubricating polymers design.

Terrestrial ecosystem respiration (Reco) in drylands (arid and semi-arid areas) contributes to the largest uncertainty of the global carbon cycle. Here, using the Reco data from 24 sites (98 site-years) in drylands from Fluxnet and corresponding MODIS remote sensing products, we develop a novel semi-empirical, yet physiologically-based remote sensing model: the ILEP_Reco model (a Reco model derived from ILEP, the acronym for “integrated LE and EVI proxy”). This model can simulate Reco observations across most biomes in drylands with a small margin of error (R2 = 0.56, RMSE = 1.12 gCm−2d−1, EF = 0.46, MBE = −0.06 gCm−2d−1) and performs significantly better than the previous model: Ensemble_all. The seasonal variation of Reco in drylands can be well simulated by the ILEP_Reco model. When we relate ILEP to the Q10 model, the corresponding ILEP_Q10 values in all 98 site-years distribute quite convergently, which greatly facilitates fixing the ILEP_Q10 value as a constant in different site-years. The spatial variation of Reco in drylands is then defined as reference respiration at the annual mean ILEP, which can be easily and powerfully simulated by the ILEP_Reco model. These results help us understand the spatial-temporal variations of Reco in drylands and thus will shed light on the carbon budget on a regional scale, or even a global one.

Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among women. Due to the iron-dependent character of breast cancer cells, they are more sensitive to ferroptosis compared to normal cells. It is possible to reverse tumor resistance by inducing ferroptosis in breast cancer cells, thereby improving tumor treatment outcomes. Ferroptosis is highly dependent on the balance of oxidative and antioxidant status. When ferroptosis occurs, intracellular iron levels are significantly increased, leading to increased membrane lipid peroxidation and ultimately triggering ferroptosis. Ferroptotic death is a form of autophagy-associated cell death. Synergistic use of nanoparticle-loaded ferroptosis-inducer with radiotherapy and chemotherapy achieves more significant tumor suppression and inhibits the growth of breast cancer by targeting cancer tissues, enhancing the sensitivity of cells to drugs, reducing the drug resistance of cancer cells and the toxicity of drugs. In this review, we present the current status of breast cancer and the mechanisms of ferroptosis. It is hopeful for us to realize effective treatment of breast cancer through targeted ferroptosis.

By employing the laser marker fast ablation technique in water, combined with the innovative inclusion of sonication, we successfully developed Ti-based nanoparticles with improved characteristics. sonication increased the nanoparticle concentration in the colloid, reduced nanoparticle size, and also narrowed size distribution. Our findings also provide valuable insights into the influence of laser parameters, such as wavelength and fluence, on nanoparticle properties. UV laser led to small nanoparticles compared with 1064 nm laser. Additionally, high laser fluence appeared to increase the ablated particle size until a plateau fluence at 28.5 J/cm2; at 38 J/cm2, the particle size decreased. Notably, all synthesized particles exhibited a regular spherical shape, as confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, which also indicated that the majority of Ti-based particles were in an oxidized state. Additionally, the presence of rutile TiO2 in the particles was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Ceria doping Titania nanoparticles was also attempted.

In this work, 0.2 wt% N and 2.0 wt% nano-LaAlO3 additives were added into a hypereutectic Fe-25Cr-4C-0.5Ti-0.5Nb hardfacing alloy layer. The microstructure and formation mechanism of ultrafine M7C3 carbide in the alloy layer was investigated. The results showed that the large block primary M7C3 carbide were largely refined and uniformly distributed in the hardfacing alloy layer. The macrohardness of the alloy layer was significantly improved from 59.5 hazard risk category (HRC) to 65.6 HRC. In addition, a more uniform hardness distribution was observed. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the primary phase (Ti, Nb)(C, N) in the N-containing alloy layer was −79,453 J/mol, which was much lower than that of MC which is −21,851 J/mol in the N-free alloy layer. In addition, the two-dimensional lattice misfits between LaAlO3 with M7C3, TiC, TiN, and (Ti, Nb)(C, N) were 10.02%, 11.32%, 9.65%, and 11.90%, respectively, which indicate that nano-LaAlO3, as their heterogeneous nucleation core, effectively promoted the nucleation of M7C3, TiC, TiN, and (Ti, Nb)(C, N). The refined (Ti, Nb)(C, N) can serve as a heterogeneous nucleation core for M7C3 carbide to further refine the M7C3 carbide. Hypereutectic Fe-25Cr-4C-0.5Ti-0.5Nb hardfacing alloy layer with a uniform microstructure was obtained with a M7C3 carbide average size of less than 0.5 μm.

In this study, the dewatered sludge from the sewage plant and the open-hearth steel slag of the steel plant are used as raw materials. As two wastes, they were mixed and pyrolyzed to prepare a composite absorbent. Further, the adsorption mechanism of the adsorbent to chromium ions in the sewage is explored. The pyrolysis reaction behavior of sludge mixed with steel slag was studied by the thermogravimetric analysis technology. SEM, BET, and XPS were used to analyze the specific surface area, pore size distribution, and pore structure characteristics of pyrolysis products, respectively. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the adsorbent was carried out for the adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium ions. The results show that the addition of steel slag promotes the pyrolysis of the sludge in each stage. When the content of steel slag is 80%, the increases of reaction rate are the most obvious with the largest increase of weight loss rate in each stage. The SEM results show that the enrichment of sludge on metal oxides is enhanced in the high-temperature range (600–700°C). Besides, when the content of steel slag is 40–60%, the mixture’s growth rate of the specific surface area can reach 600% and the growth rate of total pore volume can reach 350% (the situations of sludge as the baseline). Regarding the measurement of Cr(VI), the adsorption rate of the steel-slag solution is 50.93% and that of the sludge solution is 69%. However, the adsorption rate can be increased to 95% when the steel slag and sludge were mixed as an adsorption solution. In conclusion, the adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) by additives is controlled by both physical and chemical processes. The present study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the scientific and reasonable utilization of sludge and steel slag.

The eddy covariance (EC) technique has been widely used as a micrometeorological tool to measure carbon, water and energy exchanges. When utilizing the EC measurements, it is critical to be aware of the long-term information on source areas. In China, large-scale forest plantations have become a dominant driver of greening and carbon sinks on the planet. However, the spatial representativeness of EC measurements on forest plantations is still not well understood. Here, an EC flux site of a coniferous plantation mixed with cropland in a subtropical monsoon climate was selected to evaluate the spatial representativeness of the two approaches. One is the fraction of target vegetation type (FTVT), which was used to detect to what degree the flux is related to the target vegetation. The other is the sensor location bias calculated from the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), which was used to detect to what spatial extent the flux can be upscaled. The results showed that the monthly footprint climatologies changed intensely throughout the year. The source area is biased toward the southeast in summer and northwest in winter. The study area was mainly a composite of coniferous plantations (70.08%) and double-cropped rice (27.83%). The double-cropped rice, with a higher seasonal variation of EVI than the coniferous plantation, was mainly distributed in the eastern areas of the study site. As a result of spatial heterogeneity and footprint variation, the FTVT was 0.89 when the wind direction was southwest; however, this reduced to 0.65 when the wind direction changed to the northeast and exhibited a single-peak seasonal variation during a year. The sensor location bias of the EVI also showed a significant monthly variation and ranged from −14.21% to 19.04% in a circular window with an increasing size from 250 to 3000 m. The overlap index between daytime and nighttime (Oday_night) can potentially be a quality flag for the GPP derived from the EC flux data. These findings demonstrate the joint effects of the monsoon climate and underlying surface heterogeneity on the spatial representativeness of the EC measurements. Our study highlights the importance of having footprint awareness in utilizing EC measurements for calibration and validation in monsoon areas.

Community-based tourism (CBT) has been adopted as an effective and practical solution to land use policies by governments that simultaneously pursue upgrading of local economy, conservation of local ecosystem and development of local communities. Confronting with new normality of detrimental eventualities in situated environments, destination management organizations (DMOs) or local governments have to employ effective governance strategies for fostering tourism community resilience in order to sustain development of CBT destinations. In viewing of that facilitating development through evaluation usually manifests as an efficient strategy in governance practices, this paper contributes to fill two main gaps in tackling comprehensive evaluation of tourism community resilience. Firstly, by noticing the fact that current literature overlooks processual characteristics of tourism community resilience, which originate from integration of disaster management and destination management (DM2), we have developed an analytical framework comprised of six attributes for comprehensively evaluating tourism community resilience. Secondly, aiming at the phenomena that cognitive assessments on attributes of tourism community resilience often exhibit complicate uncertainties caused by low-structured or ill-structured problem nature, we have put forward a powerful expression tool of probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy uncertain unbalanced linguistic set (PDHF_UUBLS) to simultaneously capture evaluators’ cognitive characteristics of decision hesitancy, bipolar epistemic notions and relative importance among assessments. Then by formalizing comprehensive evaluation of tourism community resilience as a multiple attributes decision making process, we construct an effective multiple attributes group decision making (MAGDM) approach with assessments in the form of PDHF_UUBLS. Theoretical analyses verify the effectiveness of our constructed MAGDM approach and also show the approach avoids potential information distortion in comparison with other approaches. Overall, this paper provides effective and pertinent solutions, with both analytical framework and methodology, to the urgent task of comprehensive evaluation of tourism community resilience in DM2 agenda, thereby is of apparent significance in governance practice of CBT.

In this work, porous TiO2 coating was fabricated on the surface of commercially pure titanium using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique, and the effect of SiC particles incorporation on the microstructure and tribological properties of MAO TiO2 coating was investigated. Results show that submicron SiC particles dispersed in the MAO electrolyte were incorporated into the TiO2 coating during the MAO process and the fabricated TiO2/SiC composite coating mainly consisted of rutile, anatase and SiC phases. The pore size and surface roughness of TiO2/SiC composite coating decreased with the increasing addition amount of SiC particles in the electrolyte. Furthermore, the incorporation of SiC particles in the TiO2 coating suppressed the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks. The tribological test of coatings against GCr15 stainless steel balls show that the incorporation of submicron SiC particles in the MAO TiO2 coating decreased the friction coefficient and wear rate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.20089

The microstructures and wear resistance of hypereutectic Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys reinforced with carbide particles was studied. The results showed that when the sizes of the M _7 C _3 carbides were small, the wear resistance of the hardfacing alloy was considerably improved. During the wear process, the uniformly distributed small-sized carbides could also provide good support, and the uniform microstructure containing the fine M _7 C _3 carbides could effectively reduce the force of the abrasive particles on the surface, evenly distribute the load, reduce the micro-cutting effect of the abrasive particles, and significantly improve the wear resistance of the hardfacing alloy. When the average size of the primary M _7 C _3 carbides in the hardfacing alloy reached 0.5 μ m, since the total volume fraction of the carbides of different sizes in the hardfacing alloy were basically the same, the reduction of the carbide size could significantly increase the phase interface of the M _7 C _3 carbide and austenite. This could promote the occurrence of the M _7 C _3 → M _23 C _6 transformation, forming a two-phase composite structure with hard-core M _7 C _3 carbide and soft-shell M _23 C _6 carbide. This structure could reduce the interfacial stress between the M _7 C _3 carbide and austenite and improve the spalling resistance of the carbides in the hardfacing alloy.

The tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/AP (poly(para-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPTA) pulp) composites under different test conditions (load: 2N, 10N; frequency: 1 Hz, 4 Hz; amplitude: 2 mm, 8 mm) were holistically evaluated. PTFE/AP composites with different AP mass ratios of 3%, 6%, and 12% as a skeleton support material were prepared. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate were determined on a ball-on-disk tribometer. Furthermore, the morphology, element composition, and chemical structure of the transfer membrane were analyzed accordingly. The relationships between load, frequency, amplitude, and tribological properties were further investigated. According to the wear mechanism, AP enables effective improvement in the stiffness and wear resistance, which is also conducive to the formation of transfer films.

Focusing on ill-structured multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problems, including decision hesitancy and attribute prioritization relationships, this paper investigates appropriate approaches for decision making. Firstly, we introduce the probabilistic hybrid linguistic term set (P-HLTS) for capturing probabilistic preferences about possible linguistic labels belonging to a wide range of hesitant linguistic term sets. Entropy and distance measurements for P-HLTS are developed without arbitrary complementing operations. To facilitate decision making with attribute prioritization relationships, we present a probabilistic uncertain balanced linguistic-prioritized weighted average (PUBL-PWA) operator and the probabilistic uncertain balanced linguistic-induced prioritized ordered weighted average (PUBL-IPOWA) operator. In terms of the strength of the above tools, we further construct two multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) approaches under P-HLTS environments, namely, an approach for decision-making situations where attribute prioritization relationships are known in advance and the relative importance of decision makers (DMs) or decision-making units (DMUs) is not required for consideration, and second approach for decision-making situations where both attribute prioritization relationships and the weighted vectors of DMs or DMUs are explicitly unknown. In general, our proposed approaches are more flexible and practical when considering heterogeneous opinions, avoiding information distortion brought about by complementing operation-based distance measures. Furthermore, illustrative application studies are conducted to verify our developed approaches.

Continuous environmental concerns regarding construction industry have been driving general constructors of mega infrastructure projects to incorporate green contractors. Although conventional multiple attributes decision-making (MADM) methodologies have provided feasible ways to select contractor, high complexity in scenarios of megaprojects still challenges existing MADM methods in concurrently accommodating three key issues of decision hesitancy, attributes interdependency, and group attitudinal character. To elicit decision-makers’ hesitant fuzzy assessments more objectively and comprehensively, we define an expression tool called interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy uncertain unbalanced linguistic set (IVDHF_UUBLS) and develop aggregation operators through its operations. To exploit attributes interdependency, we establish a synthesized attributes’ weighting model to fuse an attributes interdependency-based weighting vector and an argument-dependent weighting vector, which are, respectively, derived through Decision-Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique and maximizing deviation method. To effectively utilize decision-makers’ group attitudinal characters, we also develop a TOPSIS-based method to rationally transform group ideal attitudes into order-inducing vectors. On the strength of the above methods, an integrated MADM approach is then constructed. Finally, illustrative case study and experiments are conducted to validate our approach.

Aiming at multiple attributes group decision-making (MAGDM) problems that characterize uncertainty nature and decision hesitancy, firstly, we propose the interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy unbalanced linguistic set (IVDHFUBLS) in which two sets of interval-valued hesitant fuzzy membership degrees and nonmembership degrees are employed to supplement the most preferred unbalanced linguistic term, as an effective hybrid expression tool to elicit complicate preferences of decision-makers more comprehensively and flexibly than existing tools based on classic linguistic term set. Basic operations for IVDHFUBLS are further defined; also a novel distance measure is developed to avoid potential information distortion that could be brought about by traditional complementing methodology for hesitant fuzzy set and its derivatives. In view of the fundamental role of aggregation operators in MAGDM modelling, we next develop some extended power aggregation operators for IVDHFUBLS, including power aggregation operator, weighted power aggregation operator, and induced power ordered weighted aggregation operator; their desirable properties and special cases are also analyzed theoretically. Subsequently, with support of the above methods, we develop two effective approaches for our targeted complex decision-making problems and verify their effectiveness and practicality by numerical studies.

The wear-depth detecting precision of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings directly affects the accuracy of evaluating on the tribological properties of bearings. However, because of the varying environmental factors, the detecting errors in the on-line experimental data of the wear depth affect the accuracy of the detecting data. In this article, we come up with the definition of the credibility of the on-line wear-depth detection of spherical plain bearings on the similarity between the on-line wear depth data and the conventional true value of the wear depth and present two evaluating indexes of the credibility of the on-line wear-depth detection according to the features of spherical plain bearing testers—the small sample, the dynamic measurement, and the complex operating conditions with much interference. The two indexes are the index I, the similarity between the on-line detecting curve and the off-line detecting curve using the algorithm of the discrete Fréchet distance, and the index II, the fluctuating amplitude of the on-line wear-depth detecting curve through adopting the computing method of the profile arithmetic average error of the surface roughness. Finally, we use the above evaluating indexes to analyze the comparative study of the detecting credibility for the same tester of spherical plain bearings before and after the thermal error compensation.

The aim of this study is to prepare epoxy/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/glass fiber (GF) composites (EPGs) with the unique characteristics of low friction and high wear resistance based on triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). The tribological properties of composites with different filler ratios under different working conditions were systematically studied. At the maximum filler content of 40 wt% PTFE, the minimum coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate reached 0.079 and 0.45 - 10°6 mm³/N-m. The hardness decreased by 44.2% and the density increased by 18.3%. The worn surfaces and transfer films were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The increasing tendency of velocity and amplitude is beneficial to reduce the carbon-rich region and further enhance the formation of transfer films. It is proved that the tribological properties of TGIC-based epoxy composites are higher than those of other types of epoxy composites. This study offers great insight into the tribological applications of TGIC-based epoxy composites. Highlights • Epoxy/PTFE/GF composites (EPGs) were prepared using TGIC as the base material. • EPGs have good mechanical and tribological properties. • The COF of EPG3 reaches 0.079 and the wear rate becomes 0.45 x 10°6 mm3/(N-m). • The increasing tendency of velocity and amplitude is beneficial to reduce the carbon-rich region and further enhance the formation of transfer films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is a highly aggressive form of soft-tissue sarcoma that predominantly affects children. Due to limited benefits and resistance to therapy, there is an unmet need to explore alternative therapeutic strategies. Case presentation In this report, we present a rare case of pediatric ERMS located on the right side of the maxillary gingiva. A composite reference guide integrating clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings was used for a definitive diagnosis. Targeted next-generation sequencing of tumor biopsy was performed to identify genetic alterations. A 12-year-old female was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and underwent a tracheotomy to relieve asphyxiation caused by a 5.5 cm diameter mass compressing the tongue root and pharyngeal cavity. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a hybrid morphology characterized by clusters of round and spindle cells. Further immunohistochemistry assays indicated positive immunoreactivity for desmin, myogenin, and MyoD1. Various genetic alterations were identified, including mutations in GNAS, HRAS, LRP1B, amplification of MDM2 and IGF1R, and two novel IGF1R fusions. Negative PAX-FOXO1 fusion status supported the clinical diagnosis of ERMS. Initial treatment involved standard chemotherapy; however, the tumor persisted in its growth, reaching a maximum volume of 12 cm × 6 cm × 4 cm by the completion of treatment. Subsequent oral administration of anlotinib yielded a significant antitumor response, characterized by substantial tumor necrosis and size reduction. Following the ligation of the tumor pedicle and its removal, the patient developed a stabilized condition and was successfully discharged from PICU. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis established on multifaceted assessment for the effective treatment of ERMS. We present compelling evidence supporting the clinical use of anlotinib as a promising treatment strategy for pediatric ERMS patients, especially for those resistant to conventional chemotherapy.

Abstract Background Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are pivotal in cancer progression and patient prognosis. Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), modulated by SCNAs, significantly impact tumorigenesis, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, the functional significance of lncRNAs induced by SCNAs in CRC remains largely unexplored. Methods The dysregulated lncRNA LOC101927668, induced by copy number amplification, was identified through comprehensive bioinformatic analyses utilizing multidimensional data. Subsequent in situ hybridization was employed to ascertain the subcellular localization of LOC101927668, and gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to elucidate its role in CRC progression. The downstream targets and signaling pathway influenced by LOC101927668 were identified and validated through a comprehensive approach, encompassing RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, evaluation of mRNA and protein degradation, and rescue experiments. Analysis of AU-rich elements (AREs) within the mRNA 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of the downstream target, along with exploration of putative ARE-binding proteins, was conducted. RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were employed to elucidate potential interacting proteins of LOC101927668 and further delineate the regulatory mechanism between LOC101927668 and its downstream target. Moreover, subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopic liver xenograft tumor models were utilized to evaluate the in vivo impact of LOC101927668 on CRC cells and investigate its correlation with downstream targets. Results Significantly overexpressed LOC101927668, driven by chr7p22.3-p14.3 amplification, was markedly correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in our CRC patient cohort, as well as in TCGA and GEO datasets. Moreover, we demonstrated that enforced expression of LOC101927668 significantly enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while its depletion impeded these processes in a p53-dependent manner. Mechanistically, nucleus-localized LOC101927668 recruited hnRNPD and translocated to the cytoplasm, accelerating the destabilization of RBM47 mRNA, a transcription factor of p53. As a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, hnRNPD mediated RBM47 destabilization by binding to the ARE motif within RBM47 3'UTR, thereby suppressing the p53 signaling pathway and facilitating CRC progression. Conclusions The overexpression of LOC101927668, driven by SCNAs, facilitates CRC proliferation and metastasis by recruiting hnRNPD, thus perturbing the RBM47/p53/p21 signaling pathway. These findings underscore the pivotal roles of LOC101927668 and highlight its therapeutic potential in anti-CRC interventions.

Abstract Intravesical therapy (IT) is widely used to tackle various urological diseases. However, its clinical efficacy is decreased by the impermeability of various barriers presented on the bladder luminal surface, including the urinary mucus layer and the densely packed tissue barrier. In this study, we report a mucoadhesive-to-penetrating nanomotors-in-hydrogel system for urothelium-oriented intravesical drug delivery. Upon intravesical instillation, its poloxamer 407 (PLX) hydrogel gelated and adhered to the urothelium to prolong its intravesical retention. The urea afterwards diffused into the hydrogel, thus generating a concentration gradient. Urease-powered membrane nanomotors (UMN) without asymmetric surface engineering could catalyze the urea and migrate down this concentration gradient to deeply and unidirectionally penetrate the urothelial barrier. Moreover, the intravesical hybrid system-delivered gemcitabine could effectively inhibit the bladder tumor growth without inducing any side effect. Therefore, our mucoadhesive-to-penetrating nanomotors-in-hydrogel system could serve as an alternative to IT to meet the clinical need for more efficacious therapeutics for urological diseases. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Autophagy is closely related to the occurrence and development of human malignancies; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying autophagy in cervical cancer require further investigation. Previously, we found that the ectopic expression of NCAPH, a regulatory subunit of condensed protein complexes, significantly enhanced the proliferation of tumor cells; however, the underlying mechanisms were unclear. Here, we revealed that NCAPH is a novel autophagy-associated protein in cervical cancer that promotes cell proliferation by inhibiting autophagosome formation and reducing autophagy, with no effect on the cell cycle, apoptosis, or aging. Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) is well known to be involved in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer, mainly via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation assays showed that TRIM21 interacted with NCAPH and decreased the protein stability of NCAPH via ubiquitination at the K11 lysine residue. Structural domain mutation analysis revealed that TRIM21 combined with NCAPH through its PRY/SPRY and CC domains and accelerated the degradation of NCAPH through the RING domain. Furthermore, TRIM21 promoted autophagosome formation and reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting NCAPH expression and the downstream AKT/mTOR pathway in cervical cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the protein expression of TRIM21 was negatively correlated with that of NCAPH and positively correlated with that of beclin-1 in cervical cancer tissues. Therefore, we provide evidence for the role of the TRIM21-NCAPH axis in cervical cancer autophagy and proliferation and the involvement of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in this process. These results deepen our understanding of the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, broaden the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TRIM21 and NCAPH, and provide guidance for individualized treatment of cervical cancer in the future.

Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggests that DXS253E is critical for cancer development and progression, but the function and potential mechanism of DXS253E in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the clinical significance and explored the underlying mechanism of DXS253E in CRC. Methods DXS253E expression in cancer tissues was investigated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The Kaplan-Meier plot was used to assess the prognosis of DXS253E. The cBioPortal, MethSurv, and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases were employed to analyze the mutation profile, methylation, and immune infiltration associated with DXS253E. The biological functions of DXS253E in CRC cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, plate cloning assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, lactate assay, western blot, and qRT-PCR. Results DXS253E was upregulated in CRC tissues and high DXS253E expression levels were correlated with poor survival in CRC patients. Our bioinformatics analyses showed that high DXS253E gene methylation levels were associated with the favorable prognosis of CRC patients. Furthermore, DXS253E levels were linked to the expression levels of several immunomodulatory genes and an abundance of immune cells. Mechanistically, the overexpression of DXS253E enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and the aerobic glycolysis of CRC cells through the AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusions We demonstrated that DXS253E functions as a potential role in CRC progression and may serve as an indicator of outcomes and a therapeutic target for regulating the AKT/mTOR pathway in CRC.

Abstract 3D printing of liquid metal remains a big challenge due to its low viscosity and large surface tension. In this study, we use Carbopol hydrogel and liquid gallium-indium alloy to prepare a liquid metal high internal phase emulsion gel ink, which can be used for direct-ink-writing 3D printing. The high volume fraction (up to 82.5%) of the liquid metal dispersed phase gives the ink excellent elastic properties, while the Carbopol hydrogel, as the continuous phase, provides lubrication for the liquid metal droplets, ensuring smooth flow of the ink during shear extrusion. These enable high-resolution and shape-stable 3D printing of three-dimensional structures. Moreover, the liquid metal droplets exhibit an electrocapillary phenomenon in the Carbopol hydrogel, which allows for demulsification by an electric field and enables electrical connectivity between droplets. We have also achieved the printing of ink on flexible, non-planar structures, and demonstrated the potential for alternating printing with various materials.

To explore the response law of non-lethal large-size kinetic energy projectiles to blunt attack on skin tissue, and to evaluate the skin injury characteristics of the attacked personnel and the use safety of kinetic energy projectiles. Based on the LS-DYNA simulation software, a three-layer skin simulation model and a Flash-Ball rubber bullet model are established, and the force-time and deformation-time biomechanical corridors of the Flash-Ball rubber bullet impacting human skin tissue are obtained. The corridor curve and the energy transfer and diffusion are analyzed and compared. The safety evaluation of the damage caused by the rubber bullet shooting a human body at different distances is carried out using the empirical formula of the penetration limit. Finally, the safe shooting distance is obtained. The results show that the model used in the simulation has a good correlation with the experimental data, its biomechanical corridor characteristics are different from those of conventional vehicle impact and small-size projectile response characteristics. The energy transfer and action time of medium and low-speed impact may cause greater damage. The fat layer is the largest energy absorption unit. The minimum safe shooting distance to ensure skin tissue from penetrating damage is 15.8 m, and the limit specific kinetic energy of skin damage is 7.88 J/cm2. This study can be extended to the study of biomechanical response law and safety evaluation under the impact of the same type of large kinetic energy projectile, which provides an important theoretical reference for the police to use large kinetic energy projectiles to conduct safe shooting in peacekeeping operations.