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Objective The study aimed to investigate the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in spinal cord injury (SCI) and its underlying mechanism, focusing on the interplay between m6A methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), miR-30c, and autophagy-related proteins. Methods An SCI model was established in rats, and changes in autophagy-related proteins, m6A methylation levels, and miR-30c levels were analyzed. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated spinal cord neuron cells (SCNCs) were used to assess the impact of METTL3 overexpression. The effects of STM2457, an antagonist of METTL3, were evaluated on cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy markers in H2O2-stimulated SCNCs. Results In the SCI model, decreased levels of autophagy markers and increased m6A methylation, miR-30c levels, and METTL3 were observed. Overexpression of METTL3 in SCNCs led to reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and suppressed autophagy. Conversely, co-overexpression of autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) or miR-30c inhibition reversed these effects. Knocking out METTL3 yielded opposite results. STM2457 treatment improved cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and upregulated autophagy markers in SCNCs, which also enhanced functional recovery in rats as measured by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score and inclined plate test. Conclusion STM2457 alleviated SCI by suppressing METTL3-mediated m6A modification of miR-30c, which in turn induces ATG5-mediated autophagy. This study provides insights into the role of m6A modification in SCI and suggests a potential therapeutic approach through targeting METTL3.

Abstract Diabetic ulcers (DUs) usually suffer from severe infections, persistent inflammation, and excessive oxidative stress during the healing process, which led to the microenvironmental alternation and severely impede DU healing, resulting in a delayed wound healing. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a medical dressing that can address these problems simultaneously. To this end, self-healing composite hydrogels were prepared in this study utilizing Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) and Berberine (BER) with borax via borate ester bond. The chemical and mechanical properties of the BSP/BER hydrogels were characterized, and their wound healing performance was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the BSP/BER hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing in DU mice with the healing rate of 94.90 ± 1.81% on the 14th day by using BSP/BER5, and this outstanding performance was achieved by the multi-targeted biological functions of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, which provided favorable microenvironment for orderly recovery of the wound. Aside from exhibiting the antibacterial rate of over 90% against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the BSP/BER5 hydrogel could significantly reduce NO levels 4.544 ± 0.32 µmol/L to exert its anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, it demonstrated a hemolysis rate and promotes cell migration capabilities at (34.92 ± 1.66%). With the above features, the developed BSP/BER hydrogel in this study could be the potential dressing for clinical treatment of DU wound.

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OV) poses a significant challenge in clinical settings due to its difficulty in early diagnosis and treatment resistance. FOXP4, belonging to the FOXP subfamily, plays a pivotal role in various biological processes including cancer, cell cycle regulation, and embryonic development. However, the specific role and importance of FOXP4 in OV have remained unclear. Our research showed that FOXP4 is highly expressed in OV tissues, with its elevated levels correlating with poor prognosis. We further explored FOXP4’s function through RNA sequencing and functional analysis in FOXP4-deficient cells, revealing its critical role in activating the Wnt signaling pathway. This activation exacerbates the malignant phenotype in OV. Mechanistically, FOXP4 directly induces the expression of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a Wnt-binding receptor tyrosine pseudokinase, which causes abnormal activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Disrupting the FOXP4-Wnt feedback loop by inactivating the Wnt signaling pathway or reducing FOXP4 expression resulted in the reduction of the malignant phenotype of OV cells, while restoring PTK7 expression reversed this effect. In conclusion, our findings underscore the significance of the FOXP4-induced Wnt pathway activation in OV, suggesting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway in OV treatment.

Temperature affects the growth and development of tobacco. With the frequent occurrence of extreme high and low temperature disasters, temperature stress has become one of the important factors restricting the normal growth and physiological functions of flue-cured tobacco. Low temperature stress and high temperature stress are currently the most common disasters in the seedling and maturity stages of flue-cured tobacco, which have a serious impact on the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco. This article reviews the effects of temperature stress on physiological mechanisms such as growth and development, photosynthetic function, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant system of flue-cured tobacco. It introduced the research progress of related plant proteins and molecular mechanisms in temperature stress, and systematically summarizes the current stress resistance control measures for field temperature stress, including field management and spraying exogenous substances. At present, most agronomic interventions for temperature stress management may not be complete. It is necessary to understand the genetic, biochemical and physiological processes of different varieties in order to identify and select traits, enhance their high-temperature resistance mechanism, and cultivate high-temperature resistant flue-cured tobacco varieties. Looking forward to future research on temperature stress in flue-cured tobacco, including exploring local germplasm resources, cultivating heat-resistant varieties, utilizing methods such as multi omics or cross omics to deeply explore the response mechanism of temperature stress in flue-cured tobacco, developing predictive research on temperature stress in flue-cured tobacco, and developing targeted management measures for stress resistance cultivation, in order to provide scientific support for the prevention of climate disasters and the enhancement of agricultural disaster reduction efficiency for flue-cured tobacco.

Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial chemical widely presents in people’s daily lives. Epidemiological studies have revealed that TCS exposure may affect female puberty development. However, the developmental toxicity after low-dose TCS continuous exposure remains to be confirmed. In our study, 8-week-old ICR female mice were continuously exposed to TCS (30, 300, 3000 μg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) from 2 weeks before mating to postnatal day 21 (PND 21) of F1 female mice, while F1 female mice were treated with TCS intragastric administration from PND 22 until PND 56. Vaginal opening (VO) observation, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis related hormones and genes detection, and ovarian transcriptome analysis were carried out to investigate the effects of TCS exposure on puberty onset. Meanwhile, human granulosa-like tumor cell lines (KGN cells) were exposed to TCS to further explore the biological mechanism of the ovary in vitro. The results showed that long-term exposure to low-dose TCS led to approximately a 3-day earlier puberty onset in F1 female mice. Moreover, TCS up-regulated the secretion of estradiol (E2) and the expression of ovarian steroidogenesis genes. Notably, ovarian transcriptomes analysis as well as bidirectional validation in KGN cells suggested that L-type calcium channels and Pik3cd were involved in TCS-induced up-regulation of ovarian-related hormones and genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TCS interfered with L-type calcium channels and activated Pik3cd to up-regulate the expression of ovarian steroidogenesis and related genes, thereby inducing the earlier puberty onset in F1 female mice.

In recent years, the phenomenon of abnormal pubertal timing in children has become increasingly common worldwide. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be one of the risk factors contributing to this phenomenon, but the relationship between them is unclear based on current evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of POPs exposure with pubertal timing in girls and boys by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies before June 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) or prevalence ratio (PR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. A total of 21 studies were included, involving 2479 boys and 8718 girls. The results of meta-analysis showed that exposure to POPs was significantly associated with delayed pubertal timing in girls (RR: 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.79–0.91; p

In recent years, hydrogel microsphere has attracted much attention due to its great potential in the field of skin repair. This paper reviewed the recent progress in the preparation strategy of hydrogel microsphere and its application in skin repair. In this review, several preparation methods of hydrogel microsphere were summarized in detail. In addition, the related research progress of hydrogel microspheres for skin repair was reviewed, and focused on the application of bioactive microspheres, antibacterial microspheres, hemostatic microspheres, and hydrogel microspheres as delivery platforms (hydrogel microspheres as a microcarrier of drugs, bioactive factors, or cells) in the field of skin repair. Finally, the limitations and future prospects of the development of hydrogel microspheres and its application in the field of skin repair were presented. It is hoped that this review can provide a valuable reference for the development of the preparation strategy of hydrogel microspheres and promote the application of hydrogel microspheres in skin repair.

Thermal processing is one of the important techniques for most of the plant-based food and herb medicines before consumption and application in order to meet the specific requirement. The plant and herbs are rich in amino acids and reducing sugars, and thermal processing may lead to Maillard reaction, resulting as a high risk of acrylamide pollution. Acrylamide, an organic pollutant that can be absorbed by the body through the respiratory tract, digestive tract, skin and mucous membranes, has potential carcinogenicity, neurological, genetic, reproductive and developmental toxicity. Therefore, it is significant to conduct pollution determination and risk assessment for quality assurance and security of medication. This review demonstrates state-of-the-art research of acrylamide focusing on the toxicity, formation, contamination, determination, and mitigation in taking food and herb medicine, to provide reference for scientific processing and ensure the security of consumers.

Barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride (BaTiO3/PVDF) piezoelectric membrane was successfully prepared and generated in-situ vibrations to reduce membrane fouling by applying alternating current (AC) signal for oily bilge water ultrafiltration. The effect of in-situ vibration on membrane fouling was investigated through changing in the excitation alternating voltage and its frequency, pH, crossflow rate. The results indicated that the piezoelectric membrane by applying AC signal remarkably alleviated the membrane fouling for bilge water ultrafiltration. The membrane fouling decreased with increasing the AC signal voltage. The final steady-state permeate flux from the piezoelectric membrane for bilge water ultrafiltration increased with the AC signal voltage, raising it by up to 63.4% at AC signal voltage of 20 V compared to that of the membrane without applying AC voltage. The high permeate flux was obtained at the resonant frequency of 220 kHz. During the 50-h ultrafiltration of bilge water with the piezoelectric membrane excited at 220 kHz and 15 V, the permeate flux from the membrane was stable. The oil concentration in outflow from the piezoelectric membrane was below 14 ppm, which met the discharged level required by IMO convention. The total organic carbon removal rate in bilge water was over 94%. HIGHLIGHTS BaTiO3/PVDF piezoelectric membrane for bilge water ultrafiltration reduced membrane fouling by applying alternating current signal.; The permeate flux from BaTiO3/PVDF piezoelectric membrane was stable during 50-h ultrafiltration of bilge water.; The oil content in outflow from BaTiO3/PVDF piezoelectric membrane for bilge water ultrafiltration was below 14 ppm, which can meet the level required by IMO convention.;

The healing process of a diabetic wound (DW) is often impeded by a series of interrelated factors, including severe infection, persistent inflammation, and excessive oxidative stress. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to develop a medical dressing that can address these issues simultaneously. To this end, different ratios of Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) and berberine (BER) were physically blended with Carbomer 940 (CBM940) to develop a composite hydrogel as a medical dressing. The BSP/BER hydrogel was characterized using SEM, FTIR, rheological testing and other techniques. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the hydrogel were evaluated using cell and bacterial models in vitro. A DW model of ICR mice was established to evaluate the effect of the hydrogel on DW healing in vivo. The hydrogel exhibited excellent biocompatibility and remarkable antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In addition, animal experiments showed that the BSP/BER hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing in DW mice. Among the different formulations, the LBSP/BER hydrogel (2% BSP, mBER:mBSP = 1:40) demonstrated the most remarkable efficacy. In conclusion, the BSP/BER hydrogel developed exhibited immense properties and great potential as a medical dressing for the repair of DW, addressing a crucial need in clinical practice.

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is currently considered to be a polygene-related disease with unknown etiology. This research will verify whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the long intergenic noncoding RNA01080 (linc01080) contributes to the susceptibility and phenotypic heterogeneity of schizophrenia, with a view to providing data support for the prevention and individualized treatment of this disease. Method The SNP rs7990916 in linc01080 were genotyped in 1139 schizophrenic and 1039 controls in a Southern Chinese Han population by the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (imLDR) technique. Meanwhile, we assessed and analyzed the association between this SNP and schizophrenics’ clinical symptoms, and the cognitive function. Result There was no significant difference in genotype distribution, allele frequency distribution, gender stratification analysis between the two groups. However, the SNP of rs7990916 was significantly associated with the age of onset in patients with schizophrenia (P = 8.22E-07), patients with T allele had earlier onset age compared with CC genotype carriers. In terms of cognitive function, patients with T allele scored lower than CC genotype carriers in the Tower of London score and symbol coding score in the Brief assessment of Cognition (BACS), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.014, P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion Our data show for the first time that linc01080 polymorphism may affect the age of onset and neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.

Abstract Background To evaluate the perinatal outcomes in women with selective termination using ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods Complicated monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies and multiple pregnancies with an indication for selective termination by ultrasound-guided coagulation of the umbilical cord with RFA under local anesthesia between July 2013 and Jan 2020 were reviewed. We analyzed the indications, gestational age at the time of the procedure, cycles of RFA, duration of the procedure, and perinatal outcome. Results Three hundred and thirteen patients were treated during this period. Seven of whom were lost of follow-up. The remaining 306 cases, including 266 pairs of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins (86.93%), two pairs of monoamniotic twins (0.65%), 30 dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) triplets (1%), and three monochorionic triamniotic (MCTA) triplets (0.98%), were analyzed. Indications included twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) (n = 91), selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) (n = 83), severe discordant structural malformation (n = 78), multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) (n = 78), twin reverse arterial perfusion sequence (TRAPS) (n = 19), and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) (n = 3). Upon comparison of RFA performed before and after 20 weeks, the co-twin loss rate (20.9% vs. 21.5%), the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) within 24 h (1.5% vs. 1.2%), and the median gestational age at delivery [35.93 (28–38) weeks vs. 36 (28.54–38.14) weeks] were similar (p > 0.05). Conclusions RFA is a reasonable option when indicated in multiple pregnancies and complicated monochorionic pregnancies. In our experience, the overall survival rate was 78.76% with RFA in selective feticide, and early treatment increases the likelihood of survival for the remaining fetus because the fetal loss rate is similar before and after 20 weeks.

Abstract Background To assess the indications and complications of late amniocentesis and the advanced genetic test results in a tertiary university fetal medical medicine unit. Methods In this retrospective study, women that underwent amniocentesis at 24+ 0 to 39+ 4 weeks, between January 2014 and December 2019, were recruited. Indications, complications, genetic test results, and pregnancy outcomes were reported for each pregnancy and compared with those who underwent the traditional amniocentesis at 16+ 0 to 23+ 6 weeks (control group). Information was retrieved from patient medical records, checked by research staff, and analyzed. Results Of the 1287 women (1321 fetuses) included in the late amniocentesis group, late detected sonographic abnormalities (85.5%) were the most common indication. The overall incidence of preterm birth and intrauterine demise after amniocentesis were 2.5 and 1.3%, respectively. Sixty-nine fetuses with aneuploidy (5.3%) and seventy-two fetuses with pathogenic copy number variations (5.5%) were identified by chromosomal microarray analysis. The maximal diagnostic yield (70%) was in the subgroup of fetuses with the abnormal diagnostic test results, followed by abnormal NIPT results (35.7%) and multiple abnormalities (23.8%). And 35.4% of the pregnancies were finally terminated. Conclusions Due to the high detection rates of advanced genetic technologies and the safety of the invasive procedure (3.9% vs 4.0%), it is reasonable to recommend late amniocentesis as an effective and reliable method to detect late-onset fetal abnormalities. However, chromosomal microarray and whole-exome sequencing may result in uncertain results like variants of uncertain significance. Comprehensive genetic counseling is necessary.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) has traditionally been used to treat inflammation, high fever and improve immune function of patients. Polysaccharides have been proved to be one of the important components of SYQ. Previous studies have confirmed the antipyretic and antitumor effects of polysaccharides from SYQ (SYQP), and clarified that SYQP could enhance immunity through TLR4 signalling pathway. However, there were more possibilities for the mechanism by which SYQP exerted immunomodulatory effects and the role of SYQP in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is elusive. The purpose of this study was further to explain the bidirectional modulation of immunity mechanism of SYQP in vitro and its effect in LPS-induced ARDS in vivo. Experimental results showed that SYQP significantly stimulated gene expressions of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 and secretion of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Individual or combined application of TLR2 antagonist C29 and TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 could reduce SYQP-mediated stimulation of cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) to varying degrees. On the other hand, SYQP markedly inhibited the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, NO, iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-treatment RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that SYQP significantly reduced LPS-induced damage in ARDS mice through alleviating LPS-induced pulmonary morphological damage, inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression levels, ameliorating the inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and improving hematological status. Meanwhile, SYQP evidently reduced IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion, the overexpression levels of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In addition, SYQP reduced the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1 and the overexpression of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in lung tissues of ARDS mice. In summary, our study confirmed that SYQP induced bidirectional immunity and ameliorated LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice through TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB, NLRP3/caspase and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, which provided a theoretical basis for further use of SYQP.

Homeostasis disturbance of trace elements has been linked to adverse reproductive consequences, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in women, but limited evidence has been reported so far. This case-control study evaluated the associations between 5 common urinary trace elements [copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn)] and the odds for POI. Urinary concentrations of these 5 metals and serum levels of POI-related reproductive hormones of 169 cases and 209 healthy controls were measured. The urinary levels of Cu and Se in women with POI were significantly higher than those in the controls. The positive associations were observed between Cu levels and the odds of POI [for the medium tertile: odds ratio (OR) = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.98–7.27, p

This research aimed to investigate the role of glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) polymorphisms in the susceptibility of schizophrenia. Using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spectrophotometric assays technology, significant differences in Glo-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression (P = 3.98 × 10−5) and enzymatic activity (P = 1.40 × 10−6) were found in peripheral blood of first-onset antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia and controls. The following receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that Glo-1 could predict the schizophrenia risk (P = 4.75 × 10−6 in mRNA, P = 1.43 × 10−7 in enzymatic activity, respectively). To identify the genetic source of Glo-1 risk in schizophrenia, Glo-1 polymorphisms (rs1781735, rs1130534, rs4746, and rs9470916) were genotyped with SNaPshot technology in 1,069 patients with schizophrenia and 1,023 healthy individuals. Then, the impact of risk polymorphism on the promoter activity, mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity was analyzed. The results revealed significant differences in the distributions of genotype (P = 0.020, false discovery rate (FDR) correction) and allele (P = 0.020, FDR correction) in rs1781735, in which G > T mutation significantly showed reduction in the promoter activity (P = 0.016), mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity (P = 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively, GG vs. TT, in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia) of Glo-1. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) findings were followed up with the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis. The TT genotype of rs1781735, associated with lower RNA expression in the brain (P < 0.05), showed decreased neuronal activation in the left middle frontal gyrus in schizophrenia (P < 0.001). In aggregate, this study for the first time demonstrates how the genetic and biochemical basis of Glo-1 polymorphism culminates in the brain function changes associated with increased schizophrenia risk. Thus, establishing a combination of multiple levels of changes ranging from genetic variants, transcription, protein function, and brain function changes is a better predictor of schizophrenia risk.

Development of a fully functional dressing that can be applied throughout wound healing remains challenging. In this study, Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) and the ethanol extract of B. striata (EEB) were physically blended and vacuum freeze-dried into a new medical dressing with various functions, such as hemostasis, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and wound healing promotion. The in vivo and in vitro blood coagulation evaluation results showed that the most obvious hemostasis effects coming from the EEB25 sponge was probably due to good water absorption capacity. The drug sensitivity test results showed that the sponges presented a good antibacterial effect originated from the addition of EEB. In addition, the EEB25 sponge showed significant anti-inflammatory effects, as well as excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. The full-thickness wound experiment illustrated the wound healing rates of EEB25 group on the 8th day and 16th day was 82.76 ± 2.78% and 95.36 ± 3.72%, respectively, which showed significant differences (p

Although some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may not be currently in production, many of these chemicals still exist ubiquitously in the environment and continue to represent significant environmental health concern. One of the important concerns of POPs exposure may lead to the adverse reproductive consequences including primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), but the limited evidence has been reported so far. Our case-control study was performed to explore the association between serum levels of selected POPs and risk for POI in a Chinese female population, including 157 cases and 217 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and serum levels of reproductive hormones [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol] were measured. The medians of dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) were significantly higher in case sera than in controls. Higher concentrations of DL-PCBs and p,p’-DDT were significantly associated with elevated risk of POI. A dose-response relationship was observed between the sum of DL-PCBs (Σ6 DL-PCBs) and the risk of POI (p for trend = 0.003), with odds ratios for the second and third tertiles, compared with the first, of 1.31- (95% CIs: 0.67–2.57) and 3.15-fold (95% CIs: 1.63–6.10), respectively. Similar results were observed for the sum of p,p′-DDT and its metabolites (Σ2 p,p′-DDTs). In control women, FSH levels were negatively associated with PCBs exposure, while LH had a positive association with OCPs. In patients with POI, exposure to PCBs was correlated with higher levels of LH, whereas exposure to OCPs was associated with lower levels of AMH. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first provided evidence that exposure to PCBs and DDT could be the potential risk factors for POI in women. Keywords: Persistent organic pollutants, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Organochlorine pesticides, Primary ovarian insufficiency, Reproductive health, Women

Despite the tremendous progress made in learning-based depth prediction, most methods rely heavily on large amounts of dense ground-truth depth data for training. To solve the tradeoff between the labeling cost and precision, we propose a novel weakly supervised approach, namely, the Guided-Net, by incorporating robust ground control points for guidance. By exploiting the guidance from ground control points, disparity edge gradients, and image appearance constraints, our improved network with deformable convolutional layers is empowered to learn in a more efficient way. The experiments on the KITTI, Cityscapes, and Make3D datasets demonstrate that the proposed method yields a performance superior to that of the existing weakly supervised approaches and achieves results comparable to those of the semisupervised and supervised frameworks.

Very deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently achieved great success in stereo matching. It is still highly desirable to learn a robust feature map to improve ill-posed regions, such as weakly textured regions, reflective surfaces, and repetitive patterns. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end multi-dimensional residual dense attention network (MRDA-Net) in this paper, focusing on more comprehensive pixel-wise feature extraction. Our proposed network consists of two parts: the 2D residual dense attention net for feature extraction and the 3D convolutional attention net for matching. Our designed 2D residual dense attention net uses a dense network structure to fully exploit the hierarchical features from preceding convolutional layers and uses residual network structure to fuse low-level structure information and high-level semantic information. The 2D attention module of the net aims to adaptively recalibrate channel-wise features to be more concerned about informative features. Our proposed 3D convolutional attention net further expands attention mechanism for matching. The stacked hourglass module of the net is exploited to extract multi-scale context information as well as geometry information. The novel 3D attention module of the net aggregates hierarchical sub-cost volumes adaptively instead of manually and then achieves a comprehensive recalibrated cost volume for more correct disparity computation. The experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy on Scene Flow dataset and KITTI 2012 and KITTI 2015 Stereo datasets.

This paper presents a semantic-guided interpolation scheme (SemFlow) to handle motion boundaries and occlusions in large displacement optical flow. The basic idea is to segment images into superpixels and estimate their homographies for interpolation. In order to ensure each superpixel can be approximated as a plane, a semantic-guided refinement method is introduced. Moreover, we put forward a homography estimation model weighted by the distance between each superpixel and its K -nearest neighbors. Our newly-proposed distance metric combines the texture and semantic information to find proper neighbors. Our homography model performs better than the original affine model, since it accords with the real world projection relationship. The experiments on KITTI dataset demonstrate that SemFlow outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, especially in solving the problem of large scale motions and occlusions.

Objective: To investigate the effects of microRNA-137 (MIR137) polymorphisms (rs1198588 and rs2660304) on the risk of schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population.Methods: Schizophrenia was diagnosed according to the DSM-5. Clinical symptoms and cognitive functions were assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), respectively. The polymorphisms were genotyped by improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technology in 1,116 patients with schizophrenia and 1,039 healthy controls.Results: Significant associations were found between schizophrenia and MIR137 in the distributions of genotypes (p = 0.037 for rs1198588; p = 0.037 for rs2660304, FDR corrected) and alleles (p = 0.043 for rs1198588; p = 0.043 for rs2660304, FDR corrected) of two SNPs. When the population was stratified by sex, we found female-specific associations between MIR137 and schizophrenia in terms of genotype and allele distributions of rs1198588 (χ2 = 4.41, p = 0.036 and χ2 = 4.86, p = 0.029, respectively, FDR corrected) and rs2660304 (χ2 = 4.74, p=0.036 and χ2 = 4.80, p = 0.029, respectively, FDR corrected). Analysis of the MIR137 haplotype rs1198588-rs2660304 showed a significant association with schizophrenia in haplotype T-T [χ2 = 4.60, p = 0.032, OR = 1.32, 95% CI (1.02–1.70)]. Then, significant female-specific associations were found with the haplotypes T-T and G-A [χ2 = 4.92, p = 0.027, OR = 1.62, 95% CI (1.05–2.50); χ2 = 4.42, p = 0.035, OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.39–0.97), respectively]. When the TT genotype of rs1198588 was compared to the GT+GG genotype, a clinical characteristics analysis also showed a female-specific association in category instances (t = 2.76, p = 0.042, FDR corrected).Conclusion: The polymorphisms within the MIR137 gene are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia, and a female-specific association of MIR137 with schizophrenia was reported in a Han Chinese population.

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of cytokines plays a key role in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-A is the main member of this family, alongside placental growth factor (PlGF), VEGF-B/C/D in mammals, and VEGF-E/F in other organisms. To study the activities of these growth factors under physiological and pathological conditions, resulting in therapeutic applications in cancer and age-related macular degeneration, blocking ligands have been developed. These have mostly been large biomolecules like antibodies. Ligands with high affinities, at least in the nanomolar range, and accurate structural data from X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have been described. They constitute the main focus of this overview, which evidences similarities and differences in their binding modes. For VEGF-A ligands, and to a limited extent also for PlGF, a transition is now observed towards developing smaller ligands like nanobodies and peptides. These include unnatural amino acids and chemical modifications for designed and improved properties, such as serum stability and greater affinity. However, this review also highlights the scarcity of such small molecular entities and the striking lack of small organic molecule ligands. It also shows the gap between the rather large array of ligands targeting VEGF-A and the general absence of ligands binding other VEGF members, besides some antibodies. Future developments in these directions are expected in the upcoming years, and the study of these growth factors and their promising therapeutic applications will be welcomed.

Stereo matching is a challenging problem with respect to weak texture, discontinuities, illumination difference and occlusions. Therefore, a deep learning framework is presented in this paper, which focuses on the first and last stage of typical stereo methods: the matching cost computation and the disparity refinement. For matching cost computation, two patch-based network architectures are exploited to allow the trade-off between speed and accuracy, both of which leverage multi-size and multi-layer pooling unit with no strides to learn cross-scale feature representations. For disparity refinement, unlike traditional handcrafted refinement algorithms, we incorporate the initial optimal and sub-optimal disparity maps before outlier detection. Furthermore, diverse base learners are encouraged to focus on specific replacement tasks, corresponding to the smooth regions and details. Experiments on different datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, which is able to obtain sub-pixel accuracy and restore occlusions to a great extent. Specifically, our accurate framework attains near-peak accuracy both in non-occluded and occluded region and our fast framework achieves competitive performance against the fast algorithms on Middlebury benchmark.

The dataset presented in this article supports “Selected persistent organic pollutants associated with the risk of primary ovarian insufficiency in women” (Pan et al., 2019). The supplementary data were as follows: (1) Detailed information regarding pretreatment methods, instrumental analysis and methods validation of quantification of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). (2) The total dioxin equivalents (TEQs) levels of dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) cases and controls, as well as the association of TEQ levels with the risk of POI. (3) The results of principal components analyses (PCA) about 20 POPs that were detected in >40% samples. Keywords: Persistent organic pollutants, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Organochlorine pesticides, Primary ovarian insufficiency, Pretreatment methods