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Oxidative stress and neurocyte apoptosis are crucial pathophysiological process in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Geniposide (GNP) has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative injury and neurocyte apoptosis. However, the effect of GNP has not been clarified in EBI after SAH. The study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of GNP in EBI after SAH.A total of 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The prechiasmatic cistern SAH model was used in this study. SAH grade was evaluated using a grading system. Neurological function was evaluated using the Garcia scores. Brain edema was measured by the wet-dry method. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was measured by the extravasation of Evans Blue (EB). The neurocyte apoptosis was observed using TUNEL assay. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) were performed. The results showed that GNP reduced brain edema, attenuated BBB permeability, inhibited neurocyte apoptosis and improved neurological function. Moreover, GNP also decreased the levels of ROS and MDA, elevated Nrf2 expression in the temporal cortex and up-regulated the expression of NQO-1, HO-1 and GST after SAH.GNP could ameliorate oxidative stress and neurocyte apoptosis to exert neuroprotective effects by Nrf2 pathway.

AlCrN/TiAlSiN multilayer coatings have drown great attentions due to they combine both high hardness of TiAlSiN coating and outstanding oxidation resistance of AlCrN coating. In this study, AlCrN, TiAlSiN, and AlCrN/TiAlSiN multilayered coatings with two different multilayer designs: AlCrN/TiAlSiN-1 coating with fixed modulation period and ratio and AlCrN/TiAlSiN-2 coating with gradient increased AlCrN sub-layer thickness, were synthesized. The microstructure, mechanical property, thermal stability, oxidation behavior, and tribological performance of these coatings were comparably investigated. The variation of structure effects on the properties of the coatings were also discussed. The results indicated that the AlCrN/TiAlSiN multilayered coatings had superior performance than the monolayer AlCrN and TiAlSiN coatings. The AlCrN/TiAlSiN-2 coating also showed better thermal stability, oxidation resistance and high-temperature tribological properties compared to AlCrN/TiAlSiN-1 coatings, which can be attributed to the formation of a denser Al2O3 oxide layer on the surface of the coating.

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was applied for treating high-strength kitchen waste slurry obtained after the pretreatment of kitchen waste for oil recovery and solid separation. The process stability and microbial community structure of the AnMBR were investigated under different organic loading rates (OLRs). When the OLR increased from 4.7 kg-COD m−3 d−1 to 5.9 kg-COD m−3 d−1, 7.5 kg-COD m−3 d−1 and 9.3 kg-COD m−3 d−1, the digestion efficiency (i.e. conversion efficiency of COD to methane) increased from 68.8% to 78.1%, 81.5% and 84.4%, respectively, while the permeate COD all kept below 1500 mg L−1. Additionally, the low VFA concentration (

The performance and microbial community structure for treating lipids-rich kitchen waste slurry in mesophilic Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (m-AnMBR) and thermophilic AnMBR (t-AnMBR) were compared in this study. Higher Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of 12 kg-COD/(m3&middot, d), better Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency over 98%, stronger stability with Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs)/alkalinity below 0.04, higher flux with 18 L/(m2&middot, h) and lower Long Chain Fatty Acids (LCFAs) concentration of 550 mg/L were obtained in the m-AnMBR. Directly increasing temperature from 39 to 55 &deg, C resulted in a collapse of the t-AnMBR. Acclimation via gradually increasing temperature made the t-AnMBR run successfully with lower OLR and COD removal efficiency of 7.5 kg-COD/(m3&middot, d) and 96%. An obvious discrepancy of microbial community structure was presented between the m-AnMBR and t-AnMBR via the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The Methanomethylovorans and Methanoculleus were dominant in the t-AnMBR instead of Methanobacterium and Methanothrix in the m-AnMBR.

Backgroud: LGI1(leucine-richanti-glioma1protein) is one of the latest identified voltage-gated potassium channels related antigens. Anti-LGI1 encephalitis affected the limbic systems presenting with subacute onset of progressive neurological, cognitive, psychiatric disturbance and life threatening obstinate hyponatremia. However, Anti-LGI1 encephalitis was mostly considered to be non-malignancy related. The hyponatremia mechanism remains to be elusive. Case presentation: Here we firstly report a 71-year-old female diagnosed of anti-LGI1 encephalitis after renal clear cell carcinoma resection. The old female discovered a renal mass which was identified as renal clear cell carcinoma. Two months after the renal carcinoma resection, the patient fell down frequently and showed discontinuous neuro-psychiatric disorders manifested as memory decline, disorientation, and unintentional upper limb movements as typical faciobrachial dystonic seizure episode. She also had hyponatremia. The combination of her clinical presentations and laboratory assessments supported a diagnosis ofanti-LGI1 encephalitis and renal salt wasting. The Immunohistochemistry studies of the kidney resection indicated circulating LGI1 antibodies in sera might be binding to extracellular LGI1 predominantly in the proximal tubule where the major defect in solute transport exists in renal salt wasting. Conclusion: Anti-LGI1 encephalities with renal carcinoma indicated its paralimbic pathology origin. The early diagnosis and immune-modulation therapy could lead to good outcome. The hyponatremia in anti-LGI1 encephalitis was renal salt wasting instead of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

As an important parameter of HIPIMS, pulse frequency has significant influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposited coatings, especially for the multi-component coatings deposited by using a spliced target with different metal sputtering yields. In this study, a single Al67Ti33-V-Cu spliced target was designed to prepare Al-Ti-V-Cu-N coatings by using high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS). The results showed that the peak target current density decreased from 0.75 to 0.24 A∙cm−2 as the pulse frequency increased, along with the microstructure transferred from dense structure to coarse column structure. The pulse frequency has significant influence on chemical compositions of Al-Ti-V-Cu-N coatings, especially for Cu content increasing from 6.2 to 11.7 at.%. All the coatings exhibited a single solid-solution phase of Ti-Al-V-N, and the preferred orientation changed from (111) to (220) when the pulse frequency increased above 200 Hz. The decrease in peak target current density at high pulse frequencies resulted in a sharp decrease in the coating hardness from 35.2 to 16.4 GPa, whereas the relaxation of compressive residual stress contributed to an improvement in adhesion strength from 43.3 to 79.6 N.

In this study, an adaptive laboratory evolution strategy was originally developed to enhance fermentative hydrogen production by directionally regulating the metabolic heterogeneity in anaerobic mixed culture. The results indicated that the co-introduction of 4-methylpyrazole and oxamate could redistribute the metabolic flux to butyrate-type hydrogen fermentation. Subsequently, a synergistic evolutionary pressure, combining exogenous butyrate stress with 4-methylpyrazole and oxamate, was employed to evolve hydrogen-producing mixed culture with continuous fermentation system. The metabolic engineering strategy could directionally regulate the metabolic heterogeneity through efficiently shaping powerful butyrate-type hydrogen-producing community, by which evolved culture acquired a significantly improved hydrogen yield and productivity. Furthermore, compared with original culture, evolved culture possessed much higher activities of pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase but a much lower ferredoxin-NAD+ oxidoreductase activity, and these enzymatic evolutionary mechanisms were crucially important for the enhanced hydrogen fermentation.

The anaerobic digestion of high-strength kitchen waste slurry via a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was investigated at two different operational modes, including no sludge discharge and daily sludge discharge of 20 L. The AnMBR provided excellent and reliable permeate quality with high COD removal efficiencies over 99%. The obvious accumulations of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and Ca(2+) were found in the anaerobic digester by precipitation and agglomeration. Though the physicochemical process contributed to attenuating the free LCFAs toxicity on anaerobic digestion, the digestion efficiency was partly influenced for the low bioavailability of those precipitates. Moreover, higher organic loading rate (OLR) of 5.8 kg COD/(m(3) d) and digestion efficiency of 78% were achieved as the AnMBR was stably operated with sludge discharge, where the membrane fouling propensity was also alleviated, indicating the crucial significance of SRT control on the treatment of high-strength kitchen waste slurry via AnMBRs.

This study was to test the hypothesis that tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protected against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by affecting the mitochondrial-dependent caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. TMP was administrated after the rats’ prechiasmatic SAH mode. Animal neurobehavioral functions were assessed and the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic calcium, and mitochondrial membrane potential changes (Δψm) of the brain tissues were measured. The expressions of cytoplasmic cytochrome c (cyt c), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), and cleaved caspase-3 B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) in cells were determined and cellular apoptosis was detected. The treatment of TMP resulted in less apoptotic cells and milder mitochondrial injury and potentially performed better in the neurobehavioral outcome compared to those with saline. Also, TMP ameliorated calcium overload in mitochondria and cytoplasm and alleviated the decrease of Δψm. In addition, TMP inhibited the expression of cytoplasmic cyt c, Smac, and cleaved caspase-3, yet it upregulated the expression of bcl-2. These findings suggest that TMP exerts an antiapoptosis property in the SAH rat model and this is probably mediated by the caspase-3 apoptotic pathway triggered by mitochondrial calcium overload. The finding offers a new therapeutic candidate for early brain injury after SAH.

Objective. To standardize the filling of the first page of medical records and improve the information quality of the Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) network report. Methods. According to the filling requirements and selection principles for the main diagnosis of diseases as specified in the tenth edition of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the quality of the first page is analyzed in accordance with the standards in the Filling Criterion of Medical Records in Guangxi and the data reporting requirements for the first page of medical records in the HQMS. The filling quality of the first page of medical records directly reported via information networks currently is analyzed in the article. Results. Of the 12,367 medical records, a total of 2,819 medical records have defects, accounting for 22.80%. The defect types are as follows: basic information (16.99%), discharge diagnosis (20.01%), surgery and operation (21.67%), the classification of diseases and surgical operation...

A laboratory-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 200 mg/L Ca 2+ was operated under sludge retention time (SRT) of 10, 20 and 30 d in this study in order to verify the impacts of SRT on the performance of MBR with the addition of Ca 2+ . The results showed that the effluent quality was slightly influenced by SRT, while membrane fouling was effectively mitigated by extending SRT with the addition of Ca 2+ due to the decline of fouling layer resistance. The concentration of soluble microbial products (SMP) significantly decreased as SRT prolonged from 10 to 30 d, which correlated well with the variation of membrane fouling. SMP and particle size played a more important role in membrane fouling in this study compared to other sludge properties. The Ca 2+ accumulated in MBR as the SRT extended, and the accumulation of Ca 2+ enhanced bioflocculation and resulted in the decrease of MLVSS/MLSS ratio and the increase of the average particle size. The accumulated Ca 2+ in mixed liquor was mainly located in bound extracellular polymeric substances (BEPS). It might be indicated that the negatively functional groups such as polysaccharide in SMP were adsorbed to BEPS by the bridging effects of Ca 2+ , which led to the reduction of SMP and increase of BEPS at longer SRT.