Search

As an excellent cell factory rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, β-1,3-glucan, amino acids, and vitamins, Euglena has gained great attention with high-value products in recent years. In order to determine the optimal cultivation method of Euglena pisciformis AEW501, the effects of phototrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic mode on its growth were investigated, and humic acid (HA) as a growth stimulant was added into the mixotrophic culture system to verify the hypothesis that HA addition could accelerate the growth and lipid accumulation of E. pisciformis AEW501. The results indicated that biomass of mixotrophic mode (330 ± 0.05 mg L−1) was 4.80 times and 7.65 times higher than that of phototrophic and heterotrophic mode, respectively, and mixotrophy was proved as the optimal trophic mode. Moreover. The maximum biomass productivity (34.63 mg L−1 day−1) and the highest lipid content (59.51%) were achieved in 50 mg L−1 HA treatment though there was no significant difference between 10 mg L−1 and 50 mg L−1 treatments. While photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II, pigments content, cell size, and yield of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in 10 mg L−1 HA treatment were the highest. It could be concluded that HA showed good promotion effects on growth and high-value products accumulation of E. pisciformis AEW501. This research will be helpful for the large-scale cultivation of E. pisciformis AEW501.

Periphytic algae exist widely in different waters. However, little is known about periphytic algae in long-distance water diversion channels across watersheds. We investigated the periphytic algae and the environmental factors at twenty sampling sites in the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP). The dominant species were Desmodesmus intermedius (Hegewald), Calothrix thermalis (Bornet & Flahault), Calothrix parietina (Bornet & Flahault) and Leptolyngbya benthonica (Anagnostidis) (dominance > 0.02) as measured in a whole year. Habitat heterogeneity in the MRP led to lower spatial heterogeneity and higher temporal heterogeneity of the periphytic algal community. Stochastic processes are the major process in periphytic community assembly. In deterministic processes, homogeneous selection had the major role in structuring the periphytic community, whereas the role of heterogeneous selection was less significant. In stochastic processes, dispersal limitations had the major role in structuring the periphytic community, whereas the role of homogenizing dispersal and drift were less significant. The variation in total nitrogen and total phosphorus promoted more stochastic processes (−1.96 < βNTI < 1.96). The variations in water temperature and water velocity promoted more heterogeneous selection (βNTI > 1.96). In integrating all of this empirical evidence, we explore the role of environmental factors in the action of ecological processes shaping thecommunity assembly of the periphytic algal community.

This paper reports on a new method for rapid determination of organic matter (OM) in soil and municipal sludge samples, based on a redox reaction (i.e., conversion of OM into CO2 by dichromate), involving the headspace gas chromatographic technique (HS-GC). For the soil samples (with a lower OM content), the sample reaction was conducted in a sealed headspace vial under the given conditions (135 °C for 20 min) and the CO2 from the reaction is directly measured by HS-GC. For the municipal sludge samples (i.e., with a higher OM content), the sample reaction was conducted in an open vial under the above conditions. Then, a portion of the reaction medium was taken and added into a sealed vial containing an excess amount of oxalic acid, followed by HS-GC measurement, from which the residual amount of potassium dichromate in the reaction medium can be determined and thus the OM content in the sample can be calculated. The results showed that the present method has good reproducibility and accuracy, with a relative standard deviation < 5% and recovery between 91.8% and 106%. Based on a headspace auto-sampler, high-throughput determination of the OM content for batch sample analysis can be realized.

With the background of China's fast growing economy, Internet has become a key factor to keep the economy go steadily. It is important to quantitatively analyze the whole Internet industry and hence master its development direction clearly, which will provide regulators with reference for industry analysis, policy formulation, and policy evaluation. This article re-constructs the calculation method of traditional Prosperity Indexes, and builds up a new indicators portfolio for Internet Industry Prosperity Indexes. By calculation, the Internet Industry Coincidence Index value is 105.9. And the Leading Index and Coincidence Index are all within the up-going range, which suggests that China's Internet Industry is likely to remain in its usual fast growing state.

In this study, a dual-wavelength spectroscopic method for rapid determination of organic matter in sludge was developed. The contents of the organic matter were calculated by determining the consumption of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) based on the production of trivalent chromium ions (Cr3+). Cr3+ could be determined by subtracting the absorption at 800 nm (spectral interference) from the absorption at 650 nm (only contributed by Cr3+). The results showed that the relative standard deviation in the test was less than 5%. The same set of samples was used and when the content of organic matter was more than 150 g kg−1, the relative difference between the spectroscopic method and titration method was within 1%. Furthermore, the method does not require calibration based on the standard samples. In conclusion, the present method is simple, reliable, accurate and suitable for application in mass testing for sludge samples.

This article reported a new headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) for the determination of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in solid waste hypochlorite treated leachates. The method was based on the reaction between Cr(VI) and an excess potassium hydrogen oxalate in a pH buffer solution in the headspace vial at 60℃, followed by HS-GC measuring the carbon dioxide produced. To eliminate the interference from hypochlorite in the leachates, two reaction times, i.e., 6 and 7 min, were selected. At pH = 1.50, it was found that the reaction of oxalate with Cr(VI) was partly achieved in 6 min and fully achieved in 7 min, and the reaction of oxalate with hypochlorite was achieved in 6 min. Based on two separate HS-GC measurement on the CO2 signals at 6 and 7, respectively, the amount of Cr(VI) in the sample can be calculated. The results showed that the present method has a good measurement precision (RSD

This paper describes a headspace gas chromatographic (HS–GC) method for the in-situ determination of the observed yield coefficient (Yobs) of aerobic activated sludge from domestic wastewater treatment plants. It is based on the measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in samples that have been incubated in headspace vials for relatively short periods of time. The method has good precision (the relative standard deviation

Background: Silicosis is characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Fibroblast generation via endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is one process responsible for this accumulation of fibroblasts. However, the mechanisms underlying EndMT remain unknown. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to SiO2 (50 µg/cm2). Specific endothelial and mesenchymal markers were evaluated using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Functional changes were evaluated by analyzing cell migration and proliferation. LC3-adenovirus transfections were performed, and changes in autophagy were measured using a marker of autophagy. Results: SiO2 induced decreases in the endothelial cell-specific markers in HUVECs while dramatically increasing mesenchymal cell product levels and mesenchymal functions. Although MCPIP1 expression increased in parallel with the increase in specific mesenchymal cell products, the MCPIP1 expression level was not consistent with the observed decrease in specific endothelial marker expression. Autophagy mediated the effects of MCPIP1, as rapamycin and 3-MA enhanced and attenuated the effect of SiO2 on HUVECs, respectively. MAPKs and the PI3K/Akt pathway were involved in the regulation of MCPIP1 by SiO2, and Pyk2 and MLC-2 mediated cell migration. Conclusion: Our findings reveal a new potential function of MCPIP1, suggesting a possible mechanism of fibrosis in pulmonary silicosis.

The proposed concept of IMA2G or DIMA supports increased computing performance, provides abstraction of platform level services, and implements reconfiguration mechanisms. With improving performances, the architecture is becoming more complex, which increases the cost. Considering cloud computing applied in commercial world achieves a great success in providing more services with lower costs, the concept of Avionics Clouds is put forward, which integrate all the resources of platforms from air, space and ground to provide services for completing missions of aircrafts. In order to meet the criticality of avionics applications, it is necessary to evaluate the reliability of Avionics Clouds quantitatively. In this paper, a study case of the Avionics Clouds is first proposed, and it is modeled using Architecture Analysis and Description Language (AADL). With specified error model injected in, the AADL error model is then converted into Generalized Stochastic Petri Net (GSPN) model according to a series of transformation rules. At last, the GSPN model is analyzed by PIPE2, and reliability of the case is calculated by the possibility of stable states. The results show that reliability of Avionics Clouds could satisfy the requirements of avionics applications.

Moving from the traditional federated design paradigm, integration of different multi-criticality functionalities onto common computing platforms is increasingly being adopted by avionics industry, driven primarily by cost and related concerns. The design of such mixed-criticality real-time systems has been recognized to be a very important but challenging problem given that safety-critical functionalities with different criticality levels must be certified correct by statutory certification authorities (CAs) at varying levels of rigorousness. Traditionally, these certification requirements are addressed by assuming the highest criticality level for all the functionalities, which is rather pessimistic, however, since certifying at the highest criticality level implies the highest degree of assurance regarding the correct behavior of all the functionalities which need to be guaranteed by over-provisioning the required resources. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new design and analysis techniques that are able to facilitate the cerfitication process while efficiently utilizing the computing resources. In this paper, we focus on scheduling and schedulability analysis problem for certifiable mixed-criticality real-time system on a uniprocessor platform. Firstly the widely-used traditional job model is generalized to mixed-criticality scenario where multiple different WCET values are specified for each job to reflect temporal constraints at all different levels of assurance. Then further investigation is conducted into an existing mixed-criticality scheduling strategy called Criticality Based Earliest Deadline First, the basic idea of which is to reserve time intervals for higher criticality jobs offline, while scheduling lower criticality jobs online at run-time using the so-called free slacks. However, the corresponding schedulability condition turns out to be incorrect. On the basis of this observation, an improved deadline-based dynamic mixed-criticality scheduling algorithm is proposed considering the design-for-certification issue, along with a revised sufficient schedulability condition deduced. And experiments conducted on randomly generated instances of jobs indicate that the proposed approach is effective and efficient.

Nowadays airborne network is becoming more and more complex. Traditional centralized or weakly distributed network managing solution could not quite fit the complex network for the lack of bandwidth efficiency. Recently, strongly distributed and cooperative network managements have emerged, which could achieve a better performance. However, they have a much higher requirement on managers, and it is difficult to ensure the availability of the management. Cloud computing, as a new technology, ensures high scalability and availability of the infrastructure. The concept of airborne cloud is proposed in this paper on the basis of cloud computing architecture, and its hierarchical architecture is described. Systemic integration layer turns users' requests into missions, which are divided into function sets. Every function set is implemented by several service elements provided by systemic function layer. Service elements use hardware resources in the infrastructure layer. In airborne cloud, resources are gathered together, thus missions could be processed more efficiency without improving every node's performance. Airborne cloud is then used to manage the airborne network, and some practical examples are given. Since hardware resources are still limited, the airborne cloud is extended to connect with the commercial cloud. In this case, the network management would be more flexible and easier to update.