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O3-NaNi

Inorganic solid-state electrolytes (ISSEs) are expected to achieve the application of lithium (Li) metal batteries. However, Li metal can still cause internal short circuit in solid electrolyte. Direct evidence is lacked to show how Li dendrites penetrate the solid electrolytes. Herein, an in-situ mini cell has been set up to study the behavior of Li growth inside garnet-type electrolyte. Transparent Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) pellets are prepared and employed in the in-situ optical observation. It is found that Li metal can deposit/dissolve inside LLZTO and a small amount of dead Li is left during dissolution step which may affect the subsequent deposition process. Besides, Li metal morphologies under different currents are characterized, which provides new insights into the mechanism of Li propagation in LLZTO. Finally, raising temperature is introduced to relieve Li dendrite effectively.

The commercial applications of Li–S batteries (LSBs) can be expanded by the development of shuttle effect-prohibiting multifunctional materials using high-efficiency and energy-saving methods. Here...

O3-type sodium-layered oxides (such as antimony-based O3 structures) have been suggested as one of the most fascinating cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Honeycomb-ordered antimony-based O3 structures, however, unsatisfactorily exhibit complex phase transitions and sluggish Na+ kinetics during cycling. Herein, we prepared a completely cationic-disordered O3-type Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2 compound by composition regulation for SIBs. Surprisingly, the measured redox potentials for typical O3-P3 phase transition are located at 3.4 V. Operando X-ray diffraction confirms a reversible phase transition process from the O3 to P3 structure accompanied with a very small volume change (1.0%) upon sodium extraction and insertion. The low activation barrier energy of 400 meV and the fast Na+ migration of 10-11 cm2·s-1 are further obtained by first-principles calculations and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, respectively. As a result, the O3-Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2 cathode displays a reversible capacity of 106 mA h g-1 at 0.1C (12 mA g-1), smooth charge-discharge curves, and a high average working voltage of 3.5 V during battery cycling. The results highlight the importance of searching for a new O3-type structure with cation-disordering and high working voltage for realizing high energy SIBs.

Polyaluminium chloride as an efficient inorganic polymer water purification material inorganic flocculant which is widely used in China water treatment. About 15% of the waste residue is produced when production of polyaluminium chloride. Traditional treatment technology (landfill or dumping) of waste resiude will cause pollution of non-point source and groundwater. Meanwhile, in the field of water treatment where the polyaluminium chloride are most used widely, drinking water Cr(VI) pollution caused by industrial pollution occurs frequently when the improvement of China’s industrialization. How to remove Cr(VI) pollution in drinking water while increasing the utilization rate of polyaluminium chloride residue has excellent environmental and economic benefits. In this study, the CaFeAl Layered doubled hydroxides was prepared by calcination crystallization method using polyaluminum chloride residue as raw material. The adsorption effect and adsorption mechanism of the new material were characterized. The results showed that the optimal pH value was in the range of 4 to 6; with the increase of adsorbents dosage, the removal rates increased and adsorption capacity decreased of both adsorbents. Based on XRD and SED analyses, the new material not only could provide a larger specific surface area and more active sites, but also could maintain the stability of its structure. According to a comprehensive analysis of the SEM and BET analysis results, the surface area of the new material was almost 6 times higher than polyaluminum chloride residue, which indicated the new material has a high surface area and large pores. The FTIR results could verify the new material has greater adsorption performance and better stability. The second-order adsorption kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model could describe the Cr(VI) adsorption process well. The Cr(VI) adsorption by the new material is a spontaneous endothermic process. The regeneration experiment showed that the new material could be regenerated 5 times and maintain a high removal rate, indicating that the material could not only solve the polyaluminium chloride residue problems but also has excellent engineering application potential.

Dendritic Li growth is the root hurdle against the implementation of a Li metal anode because it brings safety issues and unsatisfactory efficiency. In this work, a beaded-chain-like polyimide (PI)...

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare form of chronic inflammatory breast disease. Although it is a benign breast lesion, it may be sometimes difficult to distinguish from breast cancer. The cause of IGM is unknown, but may be associated with autoimmunity, abnormal hormone levels and infection. While the clinical manifestations of IGM involve various manifestations of inflammation, the diagnosis is principally established by histopathology, characterized by non-caseating granulomas and microabscess formation centered on the breast lobules. Therapeutic options for IGM range from observation to various medical treatments, such as steroids, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics, to surgical intervention, particularly if secondarily infected. Given that the controversy on etiology and treatment choices, we accomplished the present review through reviewing IGM-related literature published in 'Pubmed' and 'Web of science' databases during 1997 to 2020, aiming to provide the basis for rational clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Transition metal oxides/selenides as anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) suffer from the insufficient conductivity and large volumetric expansion, which leads to the poor electrochemical performance. To address these issues, we herein demonstrate a facile selenization method to enhance the sodium storage capability of CoMoO4 nanoparticles which are encapsulated into the electrospun carbon nanofibers (CMO@carbon for short). The partially and fully selenized CoMoO4 within carbon nanofibers (denote as CMOS@carbon and CMS@carbon, respectively) can be readily obtained by controlling the annealing temperature (at 400 and 600 °C, correspondingly). When examined as anode materials for SIBs, the CMOS@carbon nanofibers display an outstanding electrochemical performance with a higher reversible capacity of 396 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 and a high-rate capacity of 365 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1, as compared with the CMO@carbon and CMS@carbon counterparts. The enhanced sodium storage performance of the CMOS@carbon can be owing to the partial selenization of the CoMoO4 nanoparticles which are rooted into the porous electrospun carbon nanofibers, thus endowing them with superior ionic/electronic charge transfer efficiencies and a cushion against the electrode pulverization during cycling. Moreover, this work proposed a useful strategy to enhance the sodium storage performance of metal oxides via controlled selenization, which is promising for exploiting the advanced anode materials for SIBs.

Genetic and epigenetic alterations in the Wnt signaling pathway leading to constitutive activation of the driver oncogene Β-catenin occur in at least 20% of all human cancers. We have developed conformationally hyperstabilized α-helical peptides (Helicons) that bind directly to Β-catenin with picomolar affinity and block its interaction with TCF transcription factors. We describe here the characterization of anti-tumor efficacy, pharmacodynamic biomarkers and mechanism of action using multiple in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models treated with Helicons. Helicon treatment leads to dose-dependent anti-tumor effects and durable regressions in PDX models from multiple indications with Wnt pathway activating mutations. Anti-tumor responses are seen in the presence of additional driver mutations, including KRAS and PIK3CA. RNA-sequencing and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis confirm Helicon treatment inhibits both Wnt/Β-catenin and MYC-regulated gene sets. Inhibiting Β-catenin-TCF interaction with Helicons represents a first-in-class therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancers resulting from aberrant transcriptional signaling via Β-catenin. Citation Format: YaGuang Si, Minjung Choi, Xinwei Han, Brian White, Ziyang Wu, Erica Visness, Pieter Beerepoot, Elizabeth Jaensch, Jessica Ramirez, Charles Ponthier, Xiaogang Han, Paula Ortet, Peicheng Du, Sorabh Agarwal, Mirek Lech, Aaron Fulgham, Sarah Cappucci, Zhi Li, John McGee, Lihua Yu, Martin Tremblay, Keith Orford, Gregory Verdine, Jonathan Hurov. Anti-tumor activity of Helicon inhibitors of Β-catenin-TCF interaction in patient-derived xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4972.

With excellent safety and potentially high energy density, all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are expected to meet the needs of large-scale energy storage applications, and widely regarded as the next-generation battery technology to replace traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As one of the most important components in ASSLBs, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are the key to promoting the commercialization of ASSLBs. Ideal SSEs should at least possess excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties to enable ASSLBs to operate safely and stably for a long time at a relatively high rate. Unfortunately, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) are excluded because of their significant deficiency in electrochemical or mechanical properties. In contrast, organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes (O-ICSEs) derived from incorporating inorganic fillers into SPEs can well balance the two properties through the synergy between the components, which are the most promising candidates for ASSLBs. Therefore, a timely summary of the latest research progress in the field of O-ICSEs is of great significance for designing O-ICSEs with better performance and early realizing the commercialization of ASSLBs. In this review, the enhancement mechanisms of the electrochemical performance for O-ICSEs are firstly discussed in detail, and the basic characteristics of effective fillers are determined. Then the latest research progress in recent five years of O-ICSEs based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polycarbonate matrix are highlighted, covering various fillers types, rational structural designs and main performance parameters. Finally, the existing problems and future research directions of O-ICSEs are summarized.

Thermal energy storage using common phase change materials (PCMs) usually suffers from a long time consumption, uneven temperature, and low efficiency. An electromagnetic induction heating method w...

Layered oxide cathodes usually exhibit high compositional diversity, thus providing controllable electrochemical performance for Na-ion batteries. These abundant components lead to complicated structural chemistry, closely affecting the stacking preference, phase transition and Na

Transition-metal oxides/sulfides have been widely applied for energy storage because of their high-theoretical capacity and natural abundance with low prices, but they suffer from the volume change...

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is among the most attractive candidates for achieving solid-state lithium batteries. LLZO pellets with high density are preferred because of their potential to prevent dendritic Li growth and penetration. However, the presence of pores inside the LLZO electrolyte is inevitable if it is prepared by a traditional solid-state reaction. Large numbers of pores have an adverse influence on both the ionic conductivity and density of the LLZO pellets. In this work, we studied the origin of pore formation in Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) and introduced a fast oxygen-assisted sintering method to eliminate the pores. All of the basic physical properties of the LLZTO sintered in oxygen for only 1 h are better than those of the LLZTO sintered in air. The conductivity and Vickers hardness of the LLZTO increased to 6.13 × 10-4 S cm-1 and 9.82 GPa, corresponding to 12.3% and 62.8% enhancement, respectively, even at a low precalcined temperature of 600 °C. A Li||Li symmetric cell with the LLZTO sintered in oxygen also showed more stable and longer cycling at a higher current density (0.4 mA cm-2).

SnO2 suffers from the severe pulverization problem when used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). To overcome its drawbacks, hybridizing nanosized SnO2 with carbon-based materials is very impactful, and we herein successfully synthesize ultrasmall SnO2 nanodots (average size of around 5 nm) within the channels of the commercial ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), in which the tin precursor is prefilled under a vacuum and then is easily converted into SnO2 by annealing at 350 °C in air. The as-prepared SnO2@CMK-3 composite demonstrates good lithium storage properties, displaying a discharge capacity of 898.8 mA h/g at the 150th cycle at 500 mA/g, apparently higher than that for the bare SnO2 and CMK-3 electrodes. The superior electrochemical performance of SnO2@CMK-3 can be due to the high conductivity and vast pore volume of the CMK-3 carbon matrices, which efficiently alleviate the volume change induced pulverization and enhance the electrode conductivity. Besides, the uniform distribution of the ultrasmall SnO2 nanodots within CMK-3 maximally enlarges the lithium storage sites and minimizes the effect of the volume variation.

Li metal anodes attract intensive attention due to their high specific capacity, low density and the lowest electrochemical potential. However, inferior coulombic efficiency (CE) and safety hazards induced by uncontrollable Li dendrite growth are main obstacles against the commercialization of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we demonstrate that the polyacrylonitrile fiber/polyimide sphere (PAN fiber/PI sphere) double-layer coating can serve as an interfacial functional layer to guide uniform Li deposition and inhibit the formation of Li dendrites. Owing to polar groups and regularly arranged PI spheres of the coating layer, Li||PAN/PI@Cu cells display high coulombic efficiency and long cycle life at a current density of 1 mA cm−2, maintaining an average CE of ∼98.5% after 400 cycles with a deposition capacity of 1 mA h cm−2.

Traditional liquid lithium-ion batteries are not applicable for extreme temperatures, due to the shrinkage of separators and volatility of electrolytes. It is necessary to develop advanced electrolytes with desirable characteristics in terms of thermal stability, electrochemical stability and mechanical properties. Solid-state electrolytes, such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), outperform other types and bring the opportunity to realize the high-temperature lithium-ion batteries. However, the softness of PEO at elevated temperatures leads to battery failure. In this work, a three-dimensional fiber-network-reinforced PEO-based composite polymer electrolyte is prepared. The introduced polyimide (PI) framework and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) plasticizer decrease the crystallinity of PEO and increase the ionic conductivity at 30 °C from 8.79 × 10

A porous polyimide (PI) membrane is successfully prepared via nonsolvent-induced phase separation with two porogens: dibutyl phthalate and glycerin. The as-prepared uniform porous PI membrane shows excellent separator properties for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Compared with the commercial polyethylene (PE) separator, the PI separator exhibits significant thermal stability, better ionic conductivity, and wettability both in carbonate and ether electrolytes for LIBs. The battery coin-cells assembled with the PI separator is more robust and still works even after heating at 140 °C for 1 h, while the cells with the commercial PE separator could not charge any more due to the shrinkage of the PE under the same condition.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) have attracted wide attention of researchers because of their high safety performance and high mechanical strength. In this paper, holey graphene oxide (HGO) was added to poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solid polymer electrolytes with lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (LiTFSI) as salt to improve the ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes. It was shown that the addition of holey graphene oxide improved the electrochemical window and ionic conductivity. When the amount of holey graphene oxide was 0 wt%, the ionic conductivity was 2.06 × 10–4 S/cm at 60 °C. In comparison, when the amount of holey graphene oxide was 0.2 wt%, the ionic conductivity was greatly increased to 6.05 × 10–4 S/cm. This was mainly due to the fact that addition of holey graphene oxide reduced the crystallization of polymer and promoted the migration of lithium ion. Meanwhile, the electrochemical window was expanded to 5.2 V and the cycle performance for the batteries was also improved.

In this work, an efficient and simple solution blow spinning method for preparing well-aligned nanofibers was proposed. Compared with common electrospinning, this method is more promising for scalable fabrication because of fewer process requirements. Through this method, well aligned BaTiO3 nanofibers were fabricated, and their average diameter was about 300 nm. When introducing PEO and LiTFSI ionic conductive polymer composites into the aligned BaTiO3 nanofibers membrane, a composite solid-state polymer electrolyte was obtained. The excellent structure for the electrolyte was also analyzed and its electrochemical performance was tested. Results showed that the lithium ionic conductivity at 30 °C increased from 5.74 × 10–6 S · cm–1 to 5.83 × 10–5 S · cm –1 with addition of aligned BaTiO3 nanofibers, and its thermal and electrochemical stability were all significantly improved.

Widening the operational voltage window (OVW) of electrolytes has long been attracting researchers’ attention as an effective solution for improving the energy density of supercapacitors (SCs). However, the application of commercial cellulose separators in SCs under high voltage is impeded because of the hygroscopic property of hydroxyl functional groups and high self-discharges. Herein, the dielectric materials poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) PVDF-HFP and TiO2 are employed to modify the surfaces of cellulose separators, which has improved the rate (100% capacitance retention at 20 A g−1) and cyclic (over 83% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles) performance of SCs significantly. In addition, the OVW of the organic electrolyte is widened from 2.7 V to 3.8 V. The possible mechanism underlying the function of dielectric materials in SCs is discussed by establishing a model and performing inferential calculation.

Solid-state plastic crystal electrolytes (SPCEs) have attracted much attention due to their high ionic conductivity at room temperature and polymer-like plasticity. Herein, we made a LiFePO4||Li solid state battery based on SPCEs. A SPCE film is made up of glass fiber, succinonitrile (SN), lithium bis (triflu-romethanesulphonyl) imid (LiTFSI), and LiNO3. Glass fiber is introduced to improve the mechanical property, and LiNO3 served as an additive to stabilize electrolyte/Li interface. The SPCE film delivers a high ionic conductivity of 7.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and has excellent stability with Li-metal anode. SPCE is also infused into cathode electrode and used as the interface with cathode particles, which can access a large interface contact area and deform reversibly with volume change. The LiFePO4||Li solid state battery based on SPCE can work well at ambient temperature, which shows a high initial specific capacity of 121.4 mAh g−1 and has 86.9% retention after 90 cycles at 0.5 C.

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have attracted considerable attention for high-energy-density and high-safety energy storage devices. Many efforts have focused on the thin solid-state-electrolyte (SSE) films with high room-temperature ionic conductivity, flexibility, and mechanical strength. Here, we report a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) reinforced by electrospun PI nanofiber film, combining with succinonitrile-based solid composite electrolyte. In situ photo-polymerization method is used for the preparation of the CPE. This CPE, with a thickness around 32.5 μm, shows a high ionic conductivity of 2.64 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. It is also fireproof and mechanically strong, showing great promise for an SSB device with high energy density and high safety.