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Abstract Many plants associate with endophytic microbes that improve root phosphorus (P) uptake. Understanding the interactions between roots and endophytes can enable efforts to improve P utilization. Here, we characterize the interactions between lateral roots of endophytes in a core collection of 50 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes with differing sensitivities to low P conditions. With the correlation analysis result between bacterial abundance and plant physiological indices of rapeseeds, and inoculation experiments on plates and soil, we identify one Flavobacterium strain (C2) that significantly alleviates the P deficiency phenotype of rapeseeds. The underlying mechanisms are explored by performing the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using Flavobacterium abundance as a quantitative trait. Under P-limited conditions, C2 regulates fatty acid and lipid metabolic pathways. For example, C2 improves metabolism of linoleic acid, which mediates root suberin biosynthesis, and enhances P uptake efficiency. In addition, C2 suppresses root jasmonic acid biosynthesis, which depends on α-linolenic acid metabolism, improving C2 colonization and activating P uptake. This study demonstrates that adjusting the endophyte composition can modulate P uptake in B. napus plants, providing a basis for developing agricultural microbial agents.

Objective Ophthalmic ward nursing work is onerous and busy, and many researchers have tried to introduce artificial intelligence (AI) technology to assist nurses in performing nursing tasks. This study aims to use augmented reality (AR) and AI technology to develop an intelligent assistant system for ophthalmic ward nurses and evaluate the usability and acceptability of the system in assisting clinical work for nurses. Methods Based on AR technology, under the framework of deep learning, the system management, functions, and interfaces were completed using acoustic recognition, voice interaction, and image recognition technologies. Finally, an intelligent assistance system with functions such as patient face recognition, automatic information matching, and nursing work management was developed. Ophthalmic day ward nurses were invited to participate in filling out the System Usability Scale (SUS). Using the AR-based intelligent assistance system (AR-IAS) as the experimental group and the existing personal digital assistant (PDA) system as the control group. The experimental results of the three subscales of learnability, efficiency, and satisfaction of the usability scale were compared, and the clinical usability score of the AR-IAS system was calculated. Results This study showed that the AR-IAS and the PDA systems had learnability subscale scores of 22.50/30.00 and 21.00/30.00, respectively; efficiency subscale scores of 29.67/40.00 and 28.67/40.00, respectively; and satisfaction subscale scores of 23.67/30.00 and 23.17/30.00, respectively. The overall usability score of the AR-IAS system was 75.83/100.00. Conclusion Based on the analysis results of the System Usability Scale, the AR-IAS system developed using AR and AI technology has good overall usability and can be accepted by clinical nurses. It is suitable for use in ophthalmic nursing tasks and has clinical promotion and further research value.

Objectives To determine the dose-dependent associations between antenatal corticosteroids (ANS) exposure and the rates of major morbidities, and the early weight loss percentage (EWLP) in hospital among extremely preterm infants (EPI) or extremely low birthweight infants (ELBWI).Methods A multicentre, retrospective cohort study of EPI or ELBWI born between 2017 and 2018 was conducted. Infants were classified into no ANS, partial ANS and complete ANS exposure group; three subgroups were generated by gestational age and birth weight. Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression were performed.Results There were 725 infants included from 32 centres. Among no ANS, partial ANS and complete ANS exposure, there were significant differences in the proportions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (24.5%, 25.4% and 16.1%), necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) (6.7%, 2.0% and 2.0%) and death (29.6%, 18.5% and 13.5%), and insignificant differences in the proportions of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) (12.5%, 13.2% and 12.2%), and extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) (50.0%, 56.6% and 59.5%). In the logistic regression, compared with no ANS exposure, complete ANS reduced the risk of BPD (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.91), NEC (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.57) and death (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.56), and partial ANS reduced the risk of NEC (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.72) and death (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.87). Compared with partial ANS exposure, complete ANS decreased the risk of BPD (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.91). There were insignificant associations between ANS exposure and IVH, EUGR. In the multiple linear regression, partial and complete ANS exposure increased EWLP only in the ≥28 weeks (w) and

Mesona chinensis Benth. (or Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton), an edible and medicinal plant, is the main ingredient in black jelly, Hsian-tsao tea, and beverages, and its processed products are popular in China as well as in Southeast Asian countries. Previous studies have shown that the alcohol extract of Mesona chinensis Benth. (MC) can reduce the accumulation of oleic acid and ameliorate hyperlipidemia. However, researchers have not yet determined whether it could improve intestinal permeability and metabolic dysfunction by controlling gut microbial dysbiosis and thus reducing hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism by which MC regulates metabolic function disorders in hyperlipidemic high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats and mice from the perspective of gut microbiota. This study analyzed the effects of MC on metabolic indices related to hyperlipidemia in HFD-fed rats and the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota via 16S rRNA V3–4 region pyrosequencing to investigate the regulation of the gut microbiota by MC. We further confirmed that MC ameliorates hyperlipidemia by regulating the gut microbiota by simultaneously administering antibiotics and MC to C57BL/6 mice and measuring their metabolic indices. These results indicate that MC reduces the lipid concentration in the serum of HFD-fed rats, thereby significantly alleviating hyperlipidemia, and regulates the abundance ratio and diversity of the gut microbiota, thereby exerting a beneficial effect on hyperlipidemia. Our further antibiotic experiments in mice revealed that the administration of MC was unable to reduce body weight or serum and organ lipid concentrations in the antibiotic-treated group of hyperlipidemic mice. This study provides evidence that the microbiota is an alternative target for the antihyperlipidemic effect of MC.

In response to the problems that abnormal yaw position causes during the yawing process—on the one hand leading to the accumulation of yaw position errors, affecting the accuracy of yawing to the wind or safety due to excessive cable twisting, and on the other hand, with the phenomena of frequent position jumps or frequent short-term position maintenance generating certain yaw errors, affecting the stability of yaw control, thus resulting in a high occurrence frequency of yaw system failures and high operation and maintenance costs—a data-driven fault diagnosis method is proposed to give early warnings for abnormal conditions of the yaw position of the wind turbine unit. Firstly, for the massive data in the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, the ReliefF feature algorithm based on standardized interaction gain (Standardized Interaction Gain and ReliefF, SIG–ReliefF) is used for accurately identifying and screening the characteristic parameters that have a greater impact on the yaw system failure of wind turbines. The advantage of this method lies in its ability to effectively consider the correlation between features and retain the relevant features and interaction features of yaw system failures to the greatest extent. Then, an Informer yaw position prediction model is established, combined with the two-stage attention mechanism (two-stage attention and Informer, TSA–Informer), and the distribution of residuals is statistically analyzed through the sliding window method to determine the fault threshold. Finally, the validity and accuracy of the proposed method are verified through examples, and through comparison with other algorithms, it is verified that it has better abnormal early warning performance. Relevant conclusions can provide a reference for the fault diagnosis of the actual yaw system.

Abstract Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is characterised by an uncontrolled inflammatory response, and current treatment strategies have limited efficacy. Although the protective effect of M2‐like macrophages (M2φ) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been well‐documented in other inflammatory diseases, the role of M2φ‐derived EVs (M2φ‐EVs) in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS remains poorly understood. The present study utilised a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI to first demonstrate a decrease in endogenous M2‐like alveolar macrophage‐derived EVs. And then, intratracheal instillation of exogenous M2φ‐EVs from the mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MH‐S) primarily led to a take up by alveolar macrophages, resulting in reduced lung inflammation and injury. Mechanistically, the M2φ‐EVs effectively suppressed the pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages and inhibited the release of excessive cytokines such as IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐1β both in vivo and in vitro, which were closely related to NF‐κB/NLRP3 signalling pathway inhibition. Of note, the protective effect of M2φ‐EVs was partly mediated by miR‐709, as evidenced by the inhibition of miR‐709 expression in M2φ‐EVs mitigated their protective effect against lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI in mice. In addition, we found that the expression of miR‐709 in EVs derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was correlated negatively with disease severity in ARDS patients, indicating its potential as a marker for ARDS severity. Altogether, our study revealed that M2φ‐EVs played a protective role in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, partly mediated by miR‐709, offering a potential strategy for assessing disease severity and treating ALI/ARDS.

Abstract Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death characterized by its distinct dependence on iron and the peroxidation of lipids within cellular membranes. Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in physiological and pathological situations and has attracted the attention of numerous scientists. Ferroptosis suppressive protein 1 (FSP1) is one of the main regulators that negatively regulates ferroptosis through the GPX4‐independent FSP1–CoQ10–NAD(P)H axis and is a potential therapeutic target for ferroptosis‐related diseases. However, the crystal structure of FSP1 has not been resolved, which hinders the development of therapeutic strategies targeting FSP1. To unravel this puzzle, we purified the human FSP1 (hFSP1) protein using the baculovirus eukaryotic cell expression system and solved its crystal structure at a resolution of 1.75 Å. Furthermore, we evaluated the oxidoreductase activity of hFSP1 with NADH as the substrate and identified E156 as the key amino acid in maintaining hFSP1 activity. Interestingly, our results indicated that hFSP1 exists and functions in a monomeric state. Mutagenesis analysis revealed the critical role of the C‐terminal domain in the binding of substrate. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the functional mechanism of FSP1 and provide a precise model for further drug development.

Abstract Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cellular death characterized by the iron-mediated accumulation of lipid peroxides, provides a novel avenue for delving into the intersection of cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and disease pathology. We have witnessed a mounting fascination with ferroptosis, attributed to its pivotal roles across diverse physiological and pathological conditions including developmental processes, metabolic dynamics, oncogenic pathways, neurodegenerative cascades, and traumatic tissue injuries. By unraveling the intricate underpinnings of the molecular machinery, pivotal contributors, intricate signaling conduits, and regulatory networks governing ferroptosis, researchers aim to bridge the gap between the intricacies of this unique mode of cellular death and its multifaceted implications for health and disease. In light of the rapidly advancing landscape of ferroptosis research, we present a comprehensive review aiming at the extensive implications of ferroptosis in the origins and progress of human diseases. This review concludes with a careful analysis of potential treatment approaches carefully designed to either inhibit or promote ferroptosis. Additionally, we have succinctly summarized the potential therapeutic targets and compounds that hold promise in targeting ferroptosis within various diseases. This pivotal facet underscores the burgeoning possibilities for manipulating ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy. In summary, this review enriched the insights of both investigators and practitioners, while fostering an elevated comprehension of ferroptosis and its latent translational utilities. By revealing the basic processes and investigating treatment possibilities, this review provides a crucial resource for scientists and medical practitioners, aiding in a deep understanding of ferroptosis and its effects in various disease situations.

A community functional structure may respond to environmental changes such as nitrogen (N) enrichment by altering intraspecific and interspecific trait variations. However, the relative contributions of both components in determining the community response to N enrichment are unclear. In this study, we measured the plant height (H), leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and specific leaf area (SLA) based on a nine-year N addition gradient experiment in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. We examined the intraspecific and interspecific variations within and among the communities, the responses of traits in terms of community weighted mean (CWM) and non-weighted mean (CM) to N addition, and the effects of these trait variations on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Our results show that N addition increased the interspecific variation in H while decreasing that of LA within the community, whereas it had no significant effects on the intraspecific variations in the four traits within the community. In contrast, N addition significantly increased the intraspecific variation in H and decreased that of LA among the communities. Moreover, the contribution of intraspecific variation was greater than that of the interspecific variation in terms of CWM for all traits, while the opposite contribution was observed in terms of CM, suggesting that the dominant species would have greater resilience while subdominant species would become less resistant to N addition. Further, intraspecific variations of LA and LDMC within the community played an important role in explaining community productivity. Our results highlight the importance of both intraspecific and interspecific variations in mediating functional trait responses to N enrichment, and intraspecific variation within the communities has important implications for community functioning that should be considered to better understand and predict the responses of the alpine grasslands to N enrichment.

Soil labile organic carbon (LOC) is a crucial component in carbon cycling in coastal wetlands and serves as an important indicator of SOC. Despite this, little is known about the stabilization of SOC and its LOC during mangrove development. The objective of our study was to quantify SOC and LOC in the soil at depths ranging from 0 to 100 cm across four sites, including a mudflat and three mangrove sites of varying ages (15-, 45-, and 80-yr old) were selected in Yingluo Bay, China. The concentration of SOC, POC (particulate organic carbon), DOC (dissolved organic carbon), MBC (microbial biomass carbon), and KMnO4-C (potassium permanganate-oxidizable carbon) were measured. The CMI (soil carbon management index) was also calculated to precisely and directly reflect the dynamic changes of soil carbon pools. Mangrove natural expansion showed a significant positive effect on both SOC and LOC. The concentration of KMnO4-C in the top 50 cm of soil layer showed a significant increase in three different mangrove forest sites. The POC, DOC and MBC were also significantly increased in response to mangrove development. The 80-yr old mangrove site had the highest SOC concentrations, LOC concentrations, soil carbon lability Index (LI) and CMI among all sites. These findings suggested that the development of mangroves increases soil organic carbon fractions through vegetation production and enhances long-term carbon sequestration rates by expanding soil labile carbon pools. As a management option, promoting the natural expansion of mangroves can maximize the sequestration potential of soil organic carbon.

AimsThe involvement of cyclin D1 in the proliferation of microglia, and the generation and maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP), have not yet been clarified. We investigated the expression of microglia and cyclin D1, and the influences of cyclin D1 on pain threshold.MethodsFemale Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish a rat model of BCP, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and cyclin D1 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. The proliferation of spinal microglia was detected by immunohistochemistry. The pain behaviour test was assessed by quantification of spontaneous flinches, limb use, and guarding during forced ambulation, mechanical paw withdrawal threshold, and thermal paw withdrawal latency.ResultsIBA1 and cyclin D1 in the ipsilateral spinal horn increased in a time-dependent fashion. Spinal microglia proliferated in BCP rats. The microglia inhibitor minocycline attenuated the pain behaviour in BCP rats. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol inhibited the proliferation of spinal microglia, and was associated with an improvement in pain behaviour in BCP rats.ConclusionOur results revealed that the inhibition of spinal microglial proliferation was associated with a decrease in pain behaviour in a rat model of BCP. Cyclin D1 acts as a key regulator of the proliferation of spinal microglia in a rat model of BCP. Disruption of cyclin D1, the restriction-point control of cell cycle, inhibited the proliferation of microglia and attenuated the pain behaviours in BCP rats. Cyclin D1 and the proliferation of spinal microglia may be potential targets for the clinical treatment of BCP.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(11):803–813.

Wind energy resources in complex terrain are abundant. However, the default mesh division of various terrains often needs more specificity, particularly in wind resource analysis. The mesh division method can diminish computational efficiency and quality in intricate topographical conditions. This article presents a combined algorithm for generating Delaunay triangular meshes in mountainous terrains with significant variations in terrain. The algorithm considers the uncertainty of inner nodes and mesh quality, addressing both the advantages and drawbacks of the Delaunay triangular mesh. The proposed method combines the triangular center of gravity insertion algorithm with an incremental inserting algorithm. Its main goal is to enhance the quality and efficiency of mesh generation, specifically tailored for this type of complex terrain. The process involves discretizing boundary edges and contour lines to obtain point sets, screening boundary triangles, and comparing the triangle area to the average boundary triangle area, combining with the incremental inserting algorithm to generate a triangular mesh of complex terrain. After an initial debugging of the mesh, it is determined whether increasing the internal nodes is necessary to insert the triangle centers of gravity. Upon implementing actual mountainous terrain in the simulation software, a comparison of the resulting meshing demonstrates that the proposed method is highly suitable for complex mountainous terrain with significant variations in elevation. Additionally, it effectively improves the quality of the Delaunay triangular mesh and reduces the occurrence of deformed cells during the meshing process.

Sperm motility and male fertility requires function of the CatSper calcium channels. Here, using cryo-electron tomography, authors visualize the native in-cell 3D structure and higher-order organization of the CatSper as long zigzag rows along the sperm tail.

Background: Combined use of hypnotic and opioids during anesthesia inductions decreases blood pressure. Post-induction hypotension (PIHO) is the most common side effect of anesthesia induction. We aimed to compare the difference in mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by remimazolam with that induced by etomidate in the presence of fentanyl at tracheal intubation.Methods: We assessed 138 adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II who underwent elective urological surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either remimazolam or etomidate as alterative hypnotic in the presence of fentanyl during anesthesia induction. Comparable BIS values were achieved in both groups. The primary outcome was the difference in the MAP at tracheal intubation. The secondary outcomes included the characteristics of anesthesia, surgery, and adverse effects.Results: The MAP was higher in the etomidate group than in the remimazolam group at tracheal intubation (108 [22] mmHg vs. 83 [16] mmHg; mean difference, −26; 95% confidence interval [CI], −33 to −19; p < 0.0001). Heart rate was significantly higher in the etomidate group than in the remimazolam group at tracheal intubation. The patients’ condition warranted the administration of ephedrine more frequently in the remimazolam group (22%) than in the etomidate group (5%) (p = 0.0042) during anesthesia induction. The remimazolam group had a lower incidence of hypertension (0% vs. 9%, p = 0.0133), myoclonus (0% vs. 47%, p < 0.001), and tachycardia (16% vs. 35%, p = 0.0148), and a higher incidence of PIHO (42% vs. 5%, p = 0.001) than the etomidate group during anesthesia induction.Conclusion: Remimazolam was associated with lower MAP and lower heart rate compared to etomidate in the presence of fentanyl at tracheal intubation. Patients in the remimazolam group had a higher incidence of PIHO, and their condition warranted the administration of ephedrine more frequently than in the etomidate group during anesthesia induction.

In this paper, we study the problem of cross-domain image-to-image transformation from real faces to faces with shadow puppet style. Our aim is to make target images retain the salient features of real faces and capture the artistic style of shadow puppet faces. This task involves dual changes of contents and geometric structures to the source image, and the target distribution is a transitional distribution, that cannot be solved by existing solutions. We propose a new CycleGAN-based scheme that extends the transformation of two image domains to that of three domains. We adopt a two-stage generation strategy in the forward transformation and urge the generator of the first stage to learn the target distribution. To this end, we set up a discriminator for the generator to guide its generation. We also present a multiple contrastive training strategy to address the problem of difficulty in training the discriminator, because there is no way to obtain real samples from the target domain. The experimental results show that our scheme is effective and that the target generator can produce intermediate images that meet the requirements.

Abstract Background Mothers of preterm infants face many challenges in breastfeeding, especially regarding lactation. This study aimed to investigate the lactation status and challenges in breastfeeding faced by preterm infants’ mothers. Methods We approached 124 mothers who gave birth to preterm infants between 26 May and 31 October 2018 in a tertiary hospital in China. Lactation status and challenges in breastfeeding on day 7 postpartum, at discharge of infants, 2 weeks post-discharge, and 3 months of corrected age were collected using questionnaires. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for expressed milk volume on day 7 postpartum for predicting expressed milk volume ≥ 300 mL/d at discharge was calculated. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with delayed lactogenesis II onset and continuation of breastfeeding at 3 months of corrected age. Results Seventy mothers were enrolled, and 51.4% had delayed lactogenesis II. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older maternal age (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.40) and first live birth (aOR = 4.81; 95% CI 1.43, 16.18) were significant independent predictors of delayed lactogenesis II. Mothers with delayed lactogenesis II had significantly lower expressed milk volume (day 7 postpartum: 160.0 mL vs. 300.0 mL, U = 328.50, p = 0.001; at discharge: 425.0 mL vs. 612.5 mL, U = 372.00, p = 0.005), with a lower proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in their infants (at discharge: 33.3% vs. 69.8%, χ 2 = 12.39, df = 1, p 190 mL/d on day 7 postpartum significantly predicted expressed milk volume ≥ 300 mL/d at discharge. Insufficient human milk was the main reason for breastfeeding discontinuation at 3 months of corrected age. Twins were less likely to continue breastfeeding at 3 months of corrected age (aOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.09, 0.86). In singleton infants, mother’s own milk ≥50% of total milk uptake at 2 weeks post-discharge (aOR = 32.66; 95% CI 3.00, 355.25) was an independent predictor of continuous breastfeeding at 3 months of corrected age. Feeding complications in infants, poor breastfeeding technique, and low milk output are the main challenges in breastfeeding. Conclusion Interventions to improve early postpartum lactation and breastfeeding techniques may increase breastfeeding adoption in mothers of preterm infants.

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection severely threatens global health and economic development. No effective antiviral drug is currently available to treat COVID-19 and any other human coronavirus infections. We report herein that a macrolide antibiotic, carrimycin, potently inhibited the cytopathic effects (CPE) and reduced the levels of viral protein and RNA in multiple cell types infected by human coronavirus 229E, OC43, and SARS-CoV-2. Time-of-addition and pseudotype virus infection studies indicated that carrimycin inhibited one or multiple post-entry replication events of human coronavirus infection. In support of this notion, metabolic labelling studies showed that carrimycin significantly inhibited the synthesis of viral RNA. Our studies thus strongly suggest that carrimycin is an antiviral agent against a broad-spectrum of human coronaviruses and its therapeutic efficacy to COVID-19 is currently under clinical investigation.

Mangrove restoration by exotic mangrove species Sonneratia apetala has been practiced as a strategy to reconstruct mangrove wetlands. Diazotrophs in mangrove sediment are nitrogen suppliers for mangrove ecosystems. However, the response of sediment diazotrophs, especially their nitrogen fixation rates, to the introduction of exotic S. apetala remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the variations in sediment physicochemical properties, N2 fixation rate, and the composition of total bacterial and diazotrophic communities in mangrove sediments between exotic species (S. apetala) and three native species (i.e., Aegiceras corniculatum, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Rhizophora apiculata). Our results indicated that the introduction of exotic S. apetala significantly (P

Background: Propofol is widely used during anesthesia. However, propofol-induced injection pain (PIP) is considered an unpleasant perioperative outcome. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a mixture of esketamine and propofol in preventing propofol injection pain in patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, multicenter, and randomized controlled trial. We included 252 adult patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to II who underwent surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to four groups (n = 63 per group). Group NS received a mixture of 1% propofol (20 ml) and 0.9% normal saline (1 ml), group ESK-4 received a mixture of 1% propofol (20 ml) and esketamine 4 mg (diluted with 0.9% normal saline, 1 ml), group ESK-12 received a mixture of 1% propofol (20 ml) and esketamine 12 mg (diluted with 0.9% normal saline, 1 ml), and group ESK-20 received a mixture of 1% propofol (20 ml) and esketamine 20 mg (diluted with 0.9% normal saline, 1 ml) as sedative drugs during anesthesia. The primary outcome was the incidence and distribution of different degrees of PIP. The secondary outcomes were vital signs, characteristics of surgery and anesthesia, and adverse events.Results: The incidence of PIP in group ESK-20 (33.3%) was significantly lower than that in groups NS, ESK-4, and ESK-12 (63.3%, 62.2%, and 49.1%, respectively; p < 0.01). The incidence of moderate PIP in group NS (33.3%) and group ESK-4 (22.6%) was higher than that in groups ESK-12 (7.5%) and ESK-20 (6.7%). The incidence of severe PIP in group NS (6.7%) and group ESK-4 (9.4%) was higher than that in groups ESK-12 (1.9%) and ESK-20 (0%). There were no differences in the vital signs, characteristics of surgery and anesthesia, or adverse events between the groups.Conclusion: Our results indicated that the esketamine–propofol admixture reduced the incidence of PIP in patients undergoing general anesthesia without severe side effects.

High temperature and hypoxia greatly threaten marine life and aquaculture. Scallops, a diverse and ecologically important group of high economic value, mostly thrive in fluctuating environments, and are vulnerable to environmental stress. In the present study, the molecular response mechanism of scallops to a combination of environmental stressors was investigated via transcriptome analysis of the gill tissues in three scallop species, the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) and bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) that were exposed to transient heat, hypoxia and a combination thereof. The Yesso scallop had the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with the other two scallop species, indicating the highest sensitivity of the Yesso scallop to environmental stress. With increased temperature and decreased dissolved oxygen, the number of DEGs was greatly increased in the three scallop species, indicative of the enhancement in gene expression regulation in scallops in response to severe environmental changes. Heat and hypoxia had a synergistic effect on scallops. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs under different stressors revealed overlapping molecular mechanisms of response in scallops following exposure to heat and hypoxia. Several immune and apoptosis-related pathways were highly enriched in the upregulated DEGs of the three scallops, suggesting that immune system activation and apoptosis promotion occurred in scallops in response to environmental stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were significantly upregulated under heat and hypoxia, which likely assisted in correct protein folding to facilitate the adaption of the scallops to the altered environment. Additionally, the HIF-1 signaling pathway—the key pathway associated with hypoxia response—was triggered by extremely acute environmental changes. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 239 positively selected genes among the different scallops, including those involved in immune system and environmental adaptation, suggesting a long-term mechanism of environmental adaptation. The present study provides new insights into the molecular response mechanism in scallops to multiple environmental stressors and improves our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of marine organisms under changing global climate conditions.

Epimedium jinchengshanense Y. J. Zhang & J. Q. Li 2014 is an important ornamental and medicinal herb, but of unclear taxonomy. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of E. jinchengshanense was sequenced. The genome was 157,169 bp in length, with a large single-copy region of 88, 520 bp, a small single-copy region of 17,075 bp and 2 inverted repeat regions of 25, 787 bp. The genome consisted of 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. The GC contents were 38.78%. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between E. jinchengshanense and E. ilicifolium, which was explained by the morphological similarity of flowers and leaves of the two species.

Abstract Background Since early February 2021, the causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, has infected over 104 million people with more than 2 million deaths according to official reports. The key to understanding the biology and virus-host interactions of SARS-CoV-2 requires the knowledge of mutation and evolution of this virus at both inter- and intra-host levels. However, despite quite a few polymorphic sites identified among SARS-CoV-2 populations, intra-host variant spectra and their evolutionary dynamics remain mostly unknown. Methods Using high-throughput sequencing of metatranscriptomic and hybrid captured libraries, we characterized consensus genomes and intra-host single nucleotide variations (iSNVs) of serial samples collected from eight patients with COVID-19. The distribution of iSNVs along the SARS-CoV-2 genome was analyzed and co-occurring iSNVs among COVID-19 patients were identified. We also compared the evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 population in the respiratory tract (RT) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Results The 32 consensus genomes revealed the co-existence of different genotypes within the same patient. We further identified 40 intra-host single nucleotide variants (iSNVs). Most (30/40) iSNVs presented in a single patient, while ten iSNVs were found in at least two patients or identical to consensus variants. Comparing allele frequencies of the iSNVs revealed a clear genetic differentiation between intra-host populations from the respiratory tract (RT) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT), mostly driven by bottleneck events during intra-host migrations. Compared to RT populations, the GIT populations showed a better maintenance and rapid development of viral genetic diversity following the suspected intra-host bottlenecks. Conclusions Our findings here illustrate the intra-host bottlenecks and evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in different anatomic sites and may provide new insights to understand the virus-host interactions of coronaviruses and other RNA viruses.

Abstract The Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas (Fob) is one of the devastating diseases of sweetpotato. However, the molecular mechanisms of sweetpotato response to Fob is poorly understood. In the present study, comparative quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the defense mechanisms involved. Two sweetpotato cultivars with differential Fob infection responses were inoculated with Fob spore suspensions and quantitatively analyzed by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT). 2267 proteins were identified and 1897 of them were quantified. There were 817 proteins with quantitative ratios of 1.2-fold change between Fob-inoculated and mock-treated samples. Further, nine differentially expressed proteins were validated by Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM). According to Gene Ontology (GO) annotation information, the proteins functioned in molecular metabolism, cellular component formation, and biological processes. Interestingly, the results showed that sweetpotato resistant response to Fob infection included many proteins associated with signaling transduction, plant resistance, chitinase and subtilisin-like protease. The functions and possible roles of those proteins were discussed. The results provides first insight into molecular mechanisms involved in sweetpotato defense responses to Fob.

A series of furoxan derivatives of chromone were prepared. The antiproliferative activities were tested against five cancer cell lines HepG2, MCF-7, HCT-116, B16, and K562, and two normal human cell lines L-02 and PBMCs. Among them, compound 15a exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity. It was also found 15a produced more than 8 µM of NO at the peak time of 45 min by Griess assay. Generally, antiproliferative activity is positively related to NO release to some extent. Further in-depth studies on apoptosis-related mechanisms showed that 15a caused S-phase cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis significantly through mitochondria-related pathways. Human apoptosis protein array assay also demonstrated 15a increased the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax, Bad, HtrA2 and Trail R2/DR5. The expression of catalase and cell cycle blocker claspin were similarly up-regulated. In balance, 15a induced K562 cells death through both endogenous and exogenous pathways.

Glibenclamide displays an anti-inflammatory response in various pulmonary diseases, but its exact role in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of glibenclamide in vivo and in vitro on the development of LPS-induced ALI in a mouse model. LPS stimulation resulted in increases in lung injury score, wet/dry ratio, and capillary permeability in lungs, as well as in total protein concentration, inflammatory cells, and inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues, whereas glibenclamide treatment reduced these changes. Meanwhile, the increased proteins of NLRP3 and Caspase-1/p20 after LPS instillation in lungs were downregulated by glibenclamide. Similarly, in vitro experiments also found that glibenclamide administration inhibited the LPS-induced upregulations in cytokine secretions of IL-1β and IL-18, as well as in the expression of components in NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Of note, glibenclamide had no effect on the secretion of TNF-α in vivo nor in vitro, implicating that its anti-inflammatory effect is relatively specific to NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, glibenclamide alleviates the development of LPS-induced ALI in a mouse model via inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, which might provide a new strategy for the treatment of LPS-induced ALI.

This paper reports a tunable optofluidic splitter in which the incident light is split via refraction and reflection at the interface between two laminar flows in a microchannel but with different refractive indices. A Y-junction microchannel is used to demonstrate the continuous tuning of the splitting ratio of optical power by smooth adjustment of the ratio of two flow rates. In addition, it has achieved the tuning of split angle from 5° to 19° by the control of the refractive index contrast. The dynamic response gives a fastest switching frequency of 1.67 Hz between the “wave-guiding” and “splitting” status.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was isolated from feces of a patient in China with coronavirus disease who died. Confirmation of infectious virus in feces affirms the potential for fecal–oral or fecal–respiratory transmission and warrants further study.

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of severe pneumonia (COVID-19) in humans. Viral RNA was detected in multiple organs in COVID-19 patients. However, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was only isolated from respiratory specimens. Here, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was successfully isolated from urine of a COVID-19 patient. The virus isolated could infect new susceptible cells and was recognized by its’ own patient sera. Appropriate precautions should be taken to avoid transmission from urine.

The traditional food supervision system has problems such as lack of industry chain and data fragmentation, which has caused the phenomenon of field regulation to be uncomprehensive in the existing regulatory system and the disposal of response lag. Combining the characteristics of blockchain such as distribution, transparent, and collegiality with the actual needs of regional autonomy, we propose the hierarchical multi-domain blockchain (HMDBC) network structure and the secondary-check mechanism, which can support timely correction and replacement of the malicious supervision nodes by regional nodes co-governance, auxiliary verification of supervision nodes, and arbitration of superior regions. In order to optimize the supervision nodes election, we proposed fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of credibility, which can be used to objectively and fairly evaluate the comprehensive reputation of each node in that region by considering various influencing factors of node performance indicators. Furthermore, we designed the data block structure model, which can support the supervisor node replacement. Our system can perform automatic food quality detection and warning of substandard food in the entire industrial chain, with the use of smart contracts combined with the food industry standards. Finally, comparing the complexity of the traditional blockchain system with PBFT consortium, our system is more secure, with lower broadcast complexity.

Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) represent a rapid radiation belonging to the Calyptratae. With more than 3000 known species, they are extraordinarily diverse in terms of their breeding habits and are therefore of particular importance in human and veterinary medicine, forensics, and ecology. To better comprehend the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary characteristics of the Sarcophagidae, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of five species of flesh flies and performed mitogenomic comparisons amongst the three subfamilies. The mitochondrial genomes match the hypothetical condition of the insect ancestor in terms of gene content and gene arrangement. The evolutionary rates of the subfamilies of Sarcophagidae differ significantly, with Miltogramminae exhibiting a higher rate than the other two subfamilies. The monophyly of the Sarcophagidae and each subfamily is strongly supported by phylogenetic analysis, with the subfamily-level relationship inferred as (Sarcophaginae, (Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae)). This study suggests that phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genomes may not be appropriate for rapidly evolving groups such as Miltogramminae and that the third-codon positions could play a considerable role in reconstructing the phylogeny of Sarcophagidae. The protein-coding genes ND2 and ND6 have the potential to be employed as DNA markers for species identification and delimitation in flesh flies.

Merging Sanger sequences is frequently needed during the gene cloning process. In this study, we provide a Python script that is able to assemble multiple overlapping Sanger sequences. The script utilizes the overlapping regions within the tandem Sanger sequences to merge the Sanger sequences. The results demonstrate that the script can produce the merged sequence from the input Sanger sequences in a single run. The script offers a simple and free method for merging Sanger sequences and is useful for gene cloning.

Background: Some mothers of preterm infants suffer from difficulties in initiating and maintaining adequate milk production. This study was designed to investigate the milk production in mothers of preterm infants using hospital-grade breast pumps and to study the nutrient content of their milk.Methods: This was an observational prospective study. Mothers of preterm infants with gestational age < 32 weeks or birth weight < 1,500 g who were admitted to our hospital from August 2016 to December 2017 were recruited. A pumping diary and a questionnaire were completed by mothers (n = 30). Milk samples from before, during, and after each pumping session on days 7 and 14 postpartum were analyzed.Results: The median time to onset of lactogenesis II was 75.4 h. Mean milk output increased gradually, meeting key thresholds of 350 g/d on day 6, 500 g/d on day 8, and close to 750 g/d on day 14. Then, all mean milk outputs were over 750 g/d. The mean milk output exceeded the mean feeding volume on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Mothers using hospital-grade breast pumps had more cumulative milk production compared with mothers using hand expression. The milk yield on days 7 and 14 were positively correlated to that on days 21, 28, 35, and 42. Milk outputs on days 7, 14, and 42 of mothers with a pumping frequency of ≥ 6 times/d were greater than mothers with a pumping frequency of < 6 times/d. Threshold values for milk output on day 7 (cut-off, 406.8 g/d; sensitivity, 68.2%; specificity, 100%) and day 14 (cut-off, 518.0 g/d; sensitivity, 81.8%; specificity, 100%) were identified as predicting a milk output of more than 750 g/d on day 42. Fat and energy levels were higher in hind-milk than fore- or mixed-milk on days 7 and 14. Those who pumped ≥ 6 times/d had higher levels of fat, carbohydrate, and energy in their milk on day 7.Conclusion: Most preterm infants' mothers using a hospital-grade pump with a pumping frequency of ≥ 6 times/d can reach full lactation successfully. Nutrient analysis of the human milk should be performed.

Soil erodibility K factor is an important parameter for evaluating soil erosion vulnerability and is required for soil erosion prediction models. It is also necessary for soil and water conservation management. In this study, we investigated the spatial variability characteristics of soil erodibility K factor in a watershed (Changyan watershed with an area of 8.59 km2) of Enshi, southwest of Hubei, China, and evaluated its influencing factors. The soil K values were determined by the EPIC model using the soil survey data across the watershed. Spatial K value prediction was conducted by regression-kriging using geographic data. We also assessed the effects of soil type, land use, and topography on the K value variations. The results showed that soil erodibility K values varied between 0.039–0.052 t·hm2·h/(hm2·MJ·mm) in the watershed with a block-like structure of spatial distribution. The soil erodibility, soil texture, and organic matter content all showed positive spatial autocorrelation. The spatial variability of the K value was related to soil type, land use, and topography. The calcareous soil had the greatest K value on average, followed by the paddy soil, the yellow-brown soil (an alfisol), the purple soil (an inceptisol), and the fluvo-aquic soil (an entisol). The soil K factor showed a negative correlation with the sand content but was positively related to soil silt and clay contents. Forest soils had a greater ability to resist to erosion compared to the cultivated soils. The soil K values increased with increasing slope and showed a decreasing trend with increasing altitude.

ABSTRACT Three-way junctions are characteristic structures of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Junctions are formed through atlastin (ATL)-mediated membrane fusion and stabilized by lunapark (Lnp). However, how Lnp is preferentially enriched at three-way junctions remains elusive. Here, we showed that Lnp loses its junction localization when ATLs are deleted. Reintroduction of ATL1 R77A and ATL3, which have been shown to cluster at the junctions, but not wild-type ATL1, relocates Lnp to the junctions. Mutations in the N-myristoylation site or hydrophobic residues in the coiled coil (CC1) of Lnp N-terminus (NT) cause mis-targeting of Lnp. Conversely, deletion of the lunapark motif in the C-terminal zinc finger domain, which affects the homo-oligomerization of Lnp, does not alter its localization. Purified Lnp-NT attaches to the membrane in a myristoylation-dependent manner. The mutation of hydrophobic residues in CC1 does not affect membrane association, but compromises ATL interactions. In addition, Lnp-NT inhibits ATL-mediated vesicle fusion in vitro. These results suggest that CC1 in Lnp-NT contacts junction-enriched ATLs for proper localization; subsequently, further ATL activity is limited by Lnp after the junction is formed. The proposed mechanism ensures coordinated actions of ATL and Lnp in generating and maintaining three-way junctions.

Abstract Background Post-neurosurgical intracranial infections caused by multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous combined with intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B for this type of intracranial infection. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from January 2013 to September 2017 at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou,China) and included 61 cases for which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii after a neurosurgical operation. Patients treated with intravenous and intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B were assigned to the intrathecal/intracerebral group, and patients treated with other antibiotics without intrathecal/intracerebral injection were assigned to the intravenous group. Data for general information, treatment history, and the results of routine tests and biochemistry indicators in CSF, clinical efficiency, microbiological clearance rate, and the 28-day mortality were collected and analyzed. Results The rate of multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii infection among patients who experienced an intracranial infection after a neurosurgical operation was 33.64% in our hospital. The isolated A. baumannii were resistant to various antibiotics, and most seriously to carbapenems (100.00% resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem), cephalosporins (resistance rates of 98.38% to cefazolin, 100.00% to ceftazidime, 100.00% to cefatriaxone, and 98.39% to cefepime). However, the isolated A. baumannii were completely sensitive to polymyxin B (sensitivity rate of 100.00%), followed by tigecycline (60.66%) and amikacin (49.18%). No significant differences in basic clinical data were observed between the two groups. Compared with the intravenous group, the intrathecal/intracerebral group had a significantly lower 28-day mortality (55.26% vs. 8.70%, P = 0.01) and higher rates of clinical efficacy and microbiological clearance (95.65% vs. 23.68%, P

Seagrasses are an important part of the coral reef ecosystem, and their rhizosphere microbes are of great ecological importance. However, variations in diversity, composition, and potential functions of bacterial communities in the seagrass rhizosphere of coral reef ecosystems remain unclear. This study employed the high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rDNA gene sequences and functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) analysis to investigate these variations based on seagrass species and sampling locations, respectively. Results demonstrated that the seagrass rhizosphere microbial community was mainly dominated by phylum Proteobacteria (33.47%), Bacteroidetes (23.33%), and Planctomycetes (12.47%), while functional groups were mainly composed of sulfate respiration (14.09%), respiration of sulfur compounds (14.24%), aerobic chemoheterotrophy (20.87%), and chemoheterotrophy (26.85%). Significant differences were evident in alpha diversity, taxonomical composition and putative functional groups based on seagrass species and sampling locations. Moreover, the core microbial community of all investigated samples was identified, accounting for 63.22% of all obtained sequences. Network analysis indicated that most microbes had a positive correlation (82.41%), and two module hubs (phylum Proteobacteria) were investigated. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the OTUs numbers obtained and the functional groups assigned for seagrass rhizosphere microbial communities (p < 0.01). Our result would facilitate future investigation of the function of seagrass rhizosphere microbes.

Dengue virus (DV) is the etiologic agent of dengue fever, the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. Most DV vaccine approaches are focused on generating antibody mediated responses; one such DV vaccine is approved for use in humans but its efficacy is limited. While it is clear that T cell responses play important role in DV infection and subsequent disease manifestations, fewer studies are aimed at developing vaccines that induce robust T cells responses. Potent T cell based vaccines require 2 critical components: the identification of specific T cell stimulating MHC associated peptides, and an optimized vaccine delivery vehicle capable of simultaneously delivering the antigens and any required adjuvants. We have previously identified and characterized DV specific HLA-A2 and -A24 binding DV serotypes conserved epitopes, and the feasibility of an epitope based vaccine for DV infection. In this study, we build on those previous studies and describe an investigational DV vaccine using T cell epitopes incorporated into a calcium phosphate nanoparticle (CaPNP) delivery system. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of functional immunogenicity of DV CaPNP/multipeptide formulations in vitro and in vivo and demonstrates the CaPNP/multipeptide vaccine is capable of inducing T cell responses against all 4 serotypes of DV. This synthetic vaccine is also cost effective, straightforward to manufacture, and stable at room temperature in a lyophilized form. This formulation may serve as an effective candidate DV vaccine that protects against all 4 serotypes as either a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine.

Abstract The mechanism of dendritic cells (DCs) recruitment across the blood brain barrier (BBB) during neuroinflammation has been the least explored amongst all leukocytes. For cells of myeloid origin, while integrins function at the level of adhesion, the importance of lectins remains unknown. Here, we identified functions of one C-type lectin receptor, CLEC12A, in facilitating DC binding and transmigration across the BBB in response to CCL2 chemotaxis. To test function of CLEC12A in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we administered blocking antibody to CLEC12A that significantly ameliorated disease scores in MOG35–55-induced progressive, as well as PLP138–151-induced relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. The decline in both progression and relapse of EAE occurred as a result of reduced demyelination and myeloid cell infiltration into the CNS tissue. DC numbers were restored in the spleen of C57BL/6 and peripheral blood of SJL/J mice along with a decreased TH17 phenotype within CD4+ T-cells. The effects of CLEC12A blocking were further validated using CLEC12A knockout (KO) animals wherein EAE disease induction was delayed and reduced disease severity was observed. These studies reveal the utility of a DC-specific mechanism in designing new therapeutics for MS.

Due to some common or similar features (e.g., small leaf, spurless, yellow flower), three Chinese species of the genus Epimedium (Berberidaceae), E. ecalcaratum, E. platypetalum, and E. campanulatum, are controversial based on morphological characteristics. In the present study, the descriptions of morphological characteristics for the three species were revised based on extensive studies and observations both in field and in herbaria. In general, E. ecalcaratum has long creeping rhizomes 1–3 mm in diameter, two alternate or opposite trifoliolate leaves, 7–14 flowers, and petals obovate and apex subacute. Epimedium platypetalum has short or long-creeping rhizomes 1–3 mm in diameter, one trifoliolate leaf, 2–6 flowers, and petals oblong and apex rounded. Epimedium campanulatum has compact rhizomes 4–6 mm in diameter, two alternate or opposite trifoliolate leaves, 15–43 flowers, and petals obovate and apex rounded. Through comparison, we found that despite the close affinity of these three species, they can be distinguished by rhizome differences, stem-leaves, the morphology of flower (e.g., petals), and the number of per inflorenscence.

Despite development in the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the underlying mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Apart from leukocytes and endothelial cells, macrophages are also essential for the process of the inflammatory response in ALI/ARDS. Notably, macrophages play a dual role of proinflammation and anti-inflammation based on the microenvironment in different pathological stages. In the acute phase of ALI/ARDS, resident alveolar macrophages, typically expressing the alternatively activated phenotype (M2), shift into the classically activated phenotype (M1) and release various potent proinflammatory mediators. In the later phase, the M1 phenotype of activated resident and recruited macrophages shifts back to the M2 phenotype for eliminating apoptotic cells and participating in fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the main subsets of macrophages and the associated signaling pathways in three different pathological phases of ALI/ARDS. According to the current literature, regulating the function of macrophages and monocytes might be a promising therapeutic strategy against ALI/ARDS.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Heliocidaris crassispina was determined on Illumina HiSeq platform. The genome was 15,678 bp in size and contains 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region (96 bp). The composition of A + T in H. crassispina mtDNA was 59.11%. Except ND6 and 5 tRNAs, the others are on the H-strand. The phylogenetic relationship of 11 species of sea urchins was analyzed using the neighbour-joining method by software MEGA 7.0. H. crassispina was most closely related to Pseudocentrotus depressus.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Salmacis sphaeroides variegate was determined on Illumina HiSeq platform. The genome was 15,770 bp in size and contains 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region (180 bp). The composition of A + T in S. sphaeroides mtDNA was 61.90%. Except ND6 and 6 tRNAs, the others are on the H-strand. The phylogenetic relationships of 11 species of sea urchins were analyzed using the neighbor-joining method using software MEGA 7.0. S. sphaeroides was most closely related to Temnopleurus hardwickii.

Aiming at suppressing harmful effect for building structure by surface motion, semiactive nonsmooth control algorithm with Deep Learning is proposed. By finite-time stable theory, the building structure closed-loop system’s stability is discussed under the proposed control algorithm. It is found that the building structure closed-loop system is stable. Then the proposed control algorithm is applied on controlling the building structural vibration. The seismic action is chosen as El Centro seismic wave. Dynamic characteristics have comparative analysis between semiactive nonsmooth control and passive control in two simulation examples. They demonstrate that the designed control algorithm has great robustness and anti-interference. The proposed control algorithm is more effective than passive control in suppressing structural vibration.

In order to accommodate the actuator failure, the finite-time stable nonsmooth control method with RBF neural network is used to suppress the structural vibration. The traditional designed control methods neglect influence of actuator failure in structural vibration. By Lyapunov stable theory, the designed control method is demonstrated to suppress the building structural vibration with actuator failure. Finally, there are some examples to numerically simulate the three-layer building structure which is affected by El Centro seismic wave. Control effect of nonsmooth control is compared with no control and LQR control. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed control method is great for vibration of building structure with actuator failure and great antiseismic effect.

The original article [1] contains an error in the Safety analysis sub-section of the results regarding the reported mean creatinine level.

SUMMARY The site-specific recombinases Cre and Flp can mutate genes in a spatially and temporally restricted manner in mice. Conditional recombination of the tumor suppressor gene p53 using the Cre-loxP system has led to the development of multiple genetically engineered mouse models of human cancer. However, the use of Cre recombinase to initiate tumors in mouse models limits the utilization of Cre to genetically modify other genes in tumor stromal cells in these models. To overcome this limitation, we inserted FRT (flippase recognition target) sites flanking exons 2–6 of the endogenous p53 gene in mice to generate a p53FRT allele that can be deleted by Flp recombinase. We show that FlpO-mediated deletion of p53 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts impairs the p53-dependent response to genotoxic stress in vitro. In addition, using FSF-KrasG12D/+; p53FRT/FRT mice, we demonstrate that an adenovirus expressing FlpO recombinase can initiate primary lung cancers and sarcomas in mice. p53FRT mice will enable dual recombinase technology to study cancer biology because Cre is available to modify genes specifically in stromal cells to investigate their role in tumor development, progression and response to therapy.