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Herein, we report the first highly enantioselective Ni-catalyzed arylation and alkenylation of simple aldehydes using readily available and stable organoboronic esters. This protocol provides vario...

A novel anaerobic maifanite-immobilized sludge reactor (AMSR) was employed to investigate the feasibility and performance of continuous hydrogen production for the treatment of pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater (PIW) at different organic loading rates (OLR) (from 12 to 96 g COD L−1 d−1) according to changes in the hydraulic retention time (HRT). A reactor without maifanite was also employed as a control. The results indicate that maifanite accelerates granular sludge formation and the AMSR presents more efficient and stable performance than the control in terms of the hydrogen production rate. In the AMSR, the highest hydrogen production rate of 11.2 ± 0.4 mmol L−1 h−1 was achieved at an optimum OLR of 72 g COD L−1 d−1. The main metabolic route for hydrogen production was ethanol-type fermentation, which was reflected in the relative abundance of E. harbinense, which was dominant for all of the OLRs. The maximum energy conversion efficiency in the dual production of hydrogen and ethanol was determined to be 24.5 kJ L−1 h−1 at an OLR of 72 g COD L−1 d−1.

The inactivation mechanism on multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms by atmospheric-pressure helium pulse discharge plasma jet and the effect on the biofilm regeneration capacity were studied. The initial total bacterial population was 7.37 ± 0.16 log10 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL in biofilms and about 99% of the A. baumannii biofilm cells lost their cultivability after 30 min of plasma treatment. Meanwhile, resazurin fluorescent staining method showed that about 80% of the biofilm cells lost their metabolic capacity, and some bacteria entered a viable but nonculturable state. In addition, 38.3% of the bacteria lost their membrane integrity in the light of SYTO 9/propidium iodide (PI) staining assay. According to H2DCFDA fluorescent staining, the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria after plasma exposure tended to initial state after a short increase. Moreover, in the study of the regeneration ability of A. baumannii after plasma exposure for 30 min, the total bacterial number after regeneration was 5.36 ± 0.20 log10 CFU/mL. Compared with the total number of cultivable bacteria in the first-generation biofilm, about 99.99% of the bacteria were inhibited. In comparison, the biomass of the regenerated biofilm decreased to (11.0 ± 1.0)%. Meanwhile, the percentage of metabolic bacteria decreased to (52.9 ± 1.0)%. These results indicated that atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jet could not only effectively inactivate bacteria in biofilms, but also inhibit the formation of the next generation biofilms.

Objective—Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke with higher mortality and morbidity, and it lacks effective 6-month prognostic markers,especially in young patients.The aim of this research is to construct a newly valuable prognostic nomogram model incorporating hemoglobin level for young patients with ICH.Method—Patients aged between 18 and 50 years with first-ever intracerebral hemorrhageselected from Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January1,2012 to December 31,2018.We retrospectively analyzed 565 young patients with ICH. The independent factors of prognosis were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Then，based on independent risk factors,a new nomogram model was further constructed and validated. Its clinical value was subsequently explored utilizing decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve.Results—A total of 565 patients were enrolled in this study.There were 117 patients (20.7%) who developed unfavourable prognosis. Infratentorial lesion(adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=3.708,95%confidence interval [CI],1.490-9.227; P=0.005)was most significant with unfavourable outcome.Age([aOR]=1.054;95%CI,1.014-1.096;P=0.008),hematoma volume(aOR=1.014,95%CI,1.002-1.027;P=0.024),hemoglobin(aOR=0.981,95% CI,0.969-0.993;P=0.002),blood glucose(aOR=1.135,95%CI,1.037-1.241; P=0.005)and NIHSS(aOR=1.105,95%CI,1.069-1.141;PConclusion—The hemoglobin level at admission may be an easily overlooked factor in clinical work.This new nnomogram model could be a promising and convient tool to predict the early functional prognosis of in young people with ICH.In addition, more prospective multicenter studies are needed to cestimate these findings.

Polystyrenesulfonate (PSS), as one of the most important categories of polyelectrolytes, has received increasing attention due to its great potential in the applications of energy- and biomedical-related fields. However, most of the previous studies only focused on linear PSS and its derivatives, but little attention was paid to nonlinear topological PSSs. So far, the synthesis of nonlinear PSSs with well-defined structures is still a challenging task, and the main obstacle lies in the stability issue of functional chemical linkages during the sulfonation process of polystyrene (PS) precursors, such as the carbon-oxygen-containing linkages. Herein, by rationally designing the chemical structure of the functional linkage, we introduce a versatile and efficient strategy for the preparation of topological PSSs. Specifically, by embedding firm triazole linkages (without carbon-oxygen linkages) into the backbone structure of cyclic and hyperbranched PS precursors, the backbone and functional linkages are found to present excellent chemical stability under certain sulfonation conditions, which eventually lead to the successful preparation of cyclic and hyperbranched PSSs. By using two sets of PSS samples with varied molar masses, the scaling relations between the number of repeating units and the sedimentation coefficient are established for both linear and cyclic PSSs. We believe that our proposed synthetic strategy is universal and could be extended to the synthesis of other types of topological PSSs.

The white matter hyperintensity (WMH) multispot pattern, as multiple punctate subcortical foci, could differentiate cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) from hypertensive arteriolopathy. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology underlying the multispot sign is still inexplicit. We aimed to explore risk factors for multispot patterns in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Between June 2018 and January 2020, we retrospectively rated the WMH multispot pattern while blinded to our prospective spontaneous ICH cohort's clinical data. Demographic, genetic, and neuroimaging characteristics were applied in establishing the multispot pattern models via multiple logistic regression. In total, 268 participants were selected from our cohort. The possession of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 (P = 0.051) was associated with multispot WMH in univariate analysis. Multispot WMHs were accompanied by multiple CAA features, such as centrum semiovale (CSO)-perivascular space (PVS) predominance (P = 0.032) and severe CSO-PVS (P 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, APOE ε2 possession (OR 2.99, 95% CI [1.07, 8.40]; P = 0.037), severe CSO-PVS (OR 2.39, 95% CI [1.09, 5.26]; P = 0.031), and large posterior subcortical patches (P = 0.001) were independently correlated with the multispot pattern in multivariate analysis. Moreover, APOE ε2 possession (OR 4.34, 95% CI [1.20, 15.62]; P = 0.025) and severe CSO-PVS (OR 3.39, 95% CI [1.23, 9.34]; P = 0.018) remained statistically significant among the participants older than 55 years of age and with categorizable CSVD. APOE ε2 and severe CSO-PVS contribute to the presence of WMH multispot patterns. Because the multispot pattern is a potential diagnostic biomarker in CAA, genetics-driven effects shed light on its underlying vasculopathy. Clinical Trial Registration: URL- http://www.chictr.org.cn . Unique identifier: ChiCTR-ROC-2000039365. Registration date 2020/10/24 (retrospectively registered).

Here we report a mild and general method for the trifluoromethylthiolation of aldehydes using

Nature has evolved many supramolecular proteins assembled in certain, sometimes even seemingly oversophisticated, morphological manners. The rationale behind such evolutionary efforts is often poorly understood. Here, we provide atomic-resolution insights into how the dynamic building of a structurally complex enzyme with higher order symmetry offers amenability to intricate regulation. We have established the functional coupling between enzymatic activity and protein morphological states of glutamine synthetase (GS), an old multi-subunit enzyme essential for cellular nitrogen metabolism. Cryo-EM structure determination of GS in both the catalytically active and inactive assembly states allows us to reveal an unanticipated self-assembly-induced disorder-order transition paradigm, in which the remote interactions between two subcomplex entities significantly rigidify the otherwise structurally fluctuating active sites, thereby regulating activity. We further show in vivo evidences that how the enzyme morphology transitions could be modulated by cellular factors on demand. Collectively, our data present an example of how assembly status transition offers an avenue for activity modulation, and sharpens our mechanistic understanding of the complex functional and regulatory properties of supramolecular enzymes.

BACKGROUND SMASH-U is a systematic aetiological classification system for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) proven to be a predictor of post-ICH haematoma expansion and mortality. However, its role in predicting functional outcome remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether SMASH-U is associated with long-term functional outcome after ICH and improves the accuracy of prediction when added to max-ICH score. METHODS Consecutive acute ICH patients from 2012 to 2018 from the neurology department of Tongji Hospital were enrolled. ICH aetiology was classified according to the SMASH-U system. The association of SMASH-U with 12-month functional outcome after ICH and the predictive value were evaluated. RESULTS Of 1938 ICH patients, the aetiology of 1295 (66.8%) patients were classified as hypertension, followed by amyloid angiopathy (n = 250, 12.9%), undetermined (n = 159, 8.2%), structural lesions (n = 149, 7.7%), systemic disease (n = 74, 3.8%) and medication (n = 11, 0.6%). The baseline characteristics were different among the six aetiologies. In multivariate analysis, SMASH-U was proven to be a predictor of 12-month unfavourable functional outcome. When adding the SMASH-U system, the predictive performance of max-ICH score was improved (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.802 to 0.812, p = 0.010) and the predictive accuracy was enhanced (integrated discrimination improvement [IDI]: 1.60%, p

Chiral polyfluoroarene derivatives are an important scaffold in chemistry. An unprecedented enantioselective C-H alkylation of polyfluoroarenes with alkenes is described. The reaction employs bulky chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands for nickel catalysts to enable exclusive activation of C-H bonds over C-F bonds and complete endo-selective C-H annulation and excellent enantioselectivity. A wide variety of chiral fluorotetralins, compounds otherwise difficultly accessed but serve as important bioisosteric analogs of both tetralin and heterocycle units for drug design, are expediently synthesized from easily available substrates. To our knowledge, this is the first example of catalytic enantioselective C-H functionalization of polyfluoroarenes.

Nature has evolved many supramolecular proteins assembled in certain, sometimes even seemingly oversophisticated, morphological manners. The rationale behind such evolutionary efforts is often poorly understood. Here we provide atomic-resolution insights into how the dynamic building of a structurally complex enzyme with higher-order symmetry offers amenability to intricate allosteric regulation. We have established the functional coupling between enzymatic activity and protein morphological states of glutamine synthetase (GS), an old multi-subunit enzyme essential for cellular nitrogen metabolism. Cryo-EM structure determination of GS in both the catalytically active and inactive assembly states allows us to reveal an unanticipated self-assembly-induced dynamics-driven allosteric paradigm, in which the remote interactions between two subcomplex entities significantly rigidify the otherwise structurally fluctuating active sites, thereby regulating activity. We further show in vivo evidences that how the enzyme morphology transitions could be modulated by cellular factors on demand. Collectively, our data present an example of how assembly status transition offers an avenue for allosteric modulation, and sharpens our mechanistic understanding of allostery, dynamics, cooperativity, and other complex functional and regulatory properties of supramolecular enzymes.

ORB-SLAM2 based on the feature point method performs well in most scenes, but in scenes with weak textures and rapid environmental changes, it will fail to initialize and lose tracking. Based on ORB-SLAM2, this paper implements a fast point-line feature SLAM method. Feature points are extracted from non-key frames for matching, and line features are extracted from key frames for matching, so as to improve the tracking speed of SLAM and the weak texture environment. Robustness in.

At present, most exoskeleton robots use rigid devices such as motors and rigid links as actuators, but their comfort is low. In contrast, flexible exoskeleton robots made of pneumatic silicone actuators and artificial muscles have the characteristics of high flexibility, strong environmental adaptability, strong compatibility and versatility, and have become the trend of exoskeleton development. The difference between exoskeleton robots is the difference between actuators. At present, it mainly includes flexible actuators (silicone, memory alloy, etc.) and rigid actuators (motors, etc.). Flexible actuators have many potential benefits over rigid actuators, including safer human-computer interaction, diversity of behaviors and adaptability to unstructured environments. This paper will use 3D printing technology to make mold, design and manufacture flexible actuator, and carry out modeling and simulation. Using the actuator can participate in the design and manufacture of flexible robot, and the prospect is bright.

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) with subarachnoid extension (SAHE) predicts poor outcomes and haematoma expansion in spontaneous ICH and is also a potential predictor of the severity of vascular amyloid deposition. The biological underpinnings of SAHE remain elusive. A study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with SAHE.A retrospective analysis was performed of an ongoing prospective cohort of primary spontaneous supratentorial ICH patients admitted to Tongji Hospital. SAHE was rated on baseline noncontrast computed tomography images by investigators blinded to the clinical data.A total of 189 patients were enrolled. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 copies (p = 0.020), but not APOE ε4 copies (p 0.2), were more common in patients with SAHE in univariate analysis. After controlling for confounding factors in multiple logistic regression, lobar haematoma (odds ratio [OR] 14.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.89-34.33; p 0.001), large haematoma volume (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06; p 0.001) and APOE ε2 copies (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.05-8.97; p = 0.041) were three independent predictors of SAHE. For subgroup analysis stratified by location, APOE ε2 showed a possible association with SAHE in lobar ICH (p = 0.026) but not in deep ICH (p 0.2). No significant association was found between APOE ε4 copies and either lobar (p 0.2) or deep ICH (p 0.2).The APOE ε2 allele predicts SAHE in spontaneous supratentorial ICH. The association may predominantly apply to lobar ICH. Given the established relationship between the APOE ε2 allele and pathological cerebrovascular changes, our findings suggest that SAHE involves genetically driven vessel pathology.

The paper proposes a method of multi-objective recognition and pose estimation based on mixed programming of HALCON and C#. The target we choose is the screws that are often used in industry. Using machine vision to identify, locate and position it in order to achieve a series of applications such as grabbing and installation, thereby reducing labor and achieving high effectiveness. Firstly, the target image is acquired using the calibrated camera. Then, the image is subjected to operations such as gradation, image filtering, threshold segmentation, and morphological processing to extract target information in HALCON. Processing information what are extracted to get the position and pose of multiple screws. Finally, designing the interface by mixed programming of HALCON and C# to improve the program’s practicality and convenience.

In recent years, with the rapid development of aviation science and technology, the role of civil air transportation and military air transportation has become more and more important. As the hub of air transportation, the runway safety has become increasingly important. Foreign objects debris detection has become an urgent problem to ensure the safety of aircraft flight. In view of this problem, based on the theory of machine vision and digital image processing, this paper proposes to use Gabor filters to analyze the texture of airport runway images, segment foreign objects, and prove the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm through simulation experiments.

Current exoskeleton robots limit the movement comfort and flexibility of the wearer, and have safety problem, due to strong rigidity actuator and small material impact resistance. In contrast, the flexible exoskeleton robots are characterized by high flexibility, high environmental adaptability, high compatibility and multi-functionality, and they have now become a trend of exoskeleton development. The development and research status of flexible exoskeleton robots are summarized. Furthermore, by their actuating mechanisms, flexible exoskeleton robots are summarized as motor, rope and pneumatic. The difficulties of the current flexible exoskeleton and the main research challenges are summarized, and the prospect of future research is put forward.

Murine caspase-11 is the centerpiece of the non-canonical inflammasome pathway that can respond to intracellular LPS and induce pyroptosis. Caspase-11 contains two components, an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The aggregation of caspase-11 is thought to promote the auto-processing and activation of caspase-11. However, the activation mechanism of caspase-11 remains unclear. In this study, we purified the caspase-11 CARD fused to an MBP tag and found it tetramerizes in solution. Crystallographic analysis reveals an extensive hydrophobic interface formed by the H1–2 helix mediating homotypic CARD interactions. Importantly, mutations of the helix H1–2 hydrophobic residues abolished the tetramerization of MBP-tagged CARD in solution and failed to induce pyroptosis in cells. Our study provides the first evidence of the homotypic interaction mode for an inflammatory caspase by crystal model. This finding demonstrates that the tetramerization of the N-terminal CARD can promote releasing of the catalytic domain auto-inhibition, leading to the caspase-11 activation.