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In the process of film and television production, clear images can give the audience a real sensory experience, but high-resolution images require a massive amount of production time and highly specialized imaging equipment, which is not a cost-effective solution at the moment. To achieve a better cost efficiency during video production, we propose a multichannel featured superresolution network model that utilizes rendered low-resolution images according to their characteristics. This model includes a feature extraction layer, a series of subnetworks, and a reconstruction module. Inside the network model, a series of subnetworks are cascaded to improve the information flow from coarse to fine, which helps to fully extract the depth, normal vector, edge, and texture features from low-resolution rendered images to reconstruct the high-resolution image. Additionally, residual learning is introduced at each stage to further improve the reconstruction performance. We experiment with the model on the classic Disney Monte Carlo datasets and compare it with several related algorithms. The results show that our algorithm is able to reconstruct the image with clearer details and texture. Thus, our research not only helps to maintain the audience’s sensory experience but also increases the efficiency of film and television production, which also brings considerable economic benefits.

Background Leeches have been used in traditional Chinese medicine since prehistoric times to treat a spectrum of ailments, but very little is known about their physiological, genetic, and evolutionary characteristics. Findings We sequenced and assembled chromosome-level genomes of 3 leech species (bloodsucking Hirudo nipponia and Hirudinaria manillensis and nonbloodsucking Whitmania pigra). The dynamic population histories and genome-wide expression patterns of the 2 bloodsucking leech species were found to be similar. A combined analysis of the genomic and transcriptional data revealed that the bloodsucking leeches have a presumably enhanced auditory sense for prey location in relatively deep fresh water. The copy number of genes related to anticoagulation, analgesia, and anti-inflammation increased in the bloodsucking leeches, and their gene expressions responded dynamically to the bloodsucking process. Furthermore, the expanded FBN1 gene family may help in rapid body swelling of leeches after bloodsucking, and the expanded GLB3 gene family may be associated with long-term storage of prey blood in a leech's body. Conclusions The high-quality reference genomes and comprehensive datasets obtained in this study may facilitate innovations in the artificial culture and strain optimization of leeches.

To research the influence of Chinese medicine Jiedu Huayu granules (JDHY) on the immune response and inflammatory response of rats with acute liver failure (ALF) and investigate its related mechanism.Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (JDHY and BAY could decline the expression of AST, ALT, ALP, and TBiL in ALF rat serum significantly (JDHY can upregulate the level of CD163/sCD163 by the NF

Enolase 1 (ENO1) is an oxidative stress protein expressed in endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of ENO1 with prognosis, tumor stage, and levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in multiple cancers. ENO1 expression and its influence on tumor stage and clinical prognosis were analyzed by UCSC Xena browser, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and GTEx Portal. The ENO1 mutation analysis was performed by cBio Portal, and demonstrated ENO1 mutation (1.8%) did not impact on tumor prognosis. The relationship between ENO1 expression and tumor immunity was analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and GEPIA. The potential functions of ENO1 in pathways were investigated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. ENO1 expression was significantly different in tumor and corresponding normal tissues. ENO1 expression in multiple tumor tissues correlated with prognosis and stage. ENO1 showed correlation with immune infiltrates including B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and tumor purity. ENO1 was proved to be involved in DNA replication, cell cycle, apoptosis, glycolysis process, and other processes. These findings indicate that ENO1 is a potential prognostic biomarker that correlates with cancer progression immune infiltration.

Human vital signs are essential information that are closely related to both physical cardiac assessments and psychological emotion studies. One of the most important data is the heart rate, which is closely connected to the clinical state of the human body. Modern image processing technologies, such as Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG), have enabled us to collect and extract the heart rate data from the body by just using an optical sensor and not making any physical contact. In this paper, we propose a real-time camera-based heart rate detector system using computer vision and signal processing techniques. The software of the system is designed to be compatible with both an ordinary built-in color webcam and an industry grade grayscale camera. In addition, we conduct an analysis based on the experimental results collected from a combination of test subjects varying in genders, races, and ages, followed by a quick performance comparison between the color webcam and an industry grayscale camera. The final calculations on percentage error have shown interesting results as the built-in color webcam with the digital spatial filter and the grayscale camera with optical filter achieved relatively similar accuracy under both still and exercising conditions. However, the correlation calculations, on the other hand, have shown that compared to the webcam, the industry grade camera is superior in stability when facial artifacts are presented.

The evolution of deformation twinning in lean duplex stainless steels (LDSSs) with coupled transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) mechanisms was investigated. Initial large austenite was gradually fragmented into finer units with the development of TRIP/TWIP. The stress-strain relationships of individual phases including austenite, ferrite and strain-induced martensite were validly extracted through inversely determining the micro-constituents' mechanical properties from the nanoindentation load-depth (P-h) curves. Using a rule of mixtures method, the tensile curve of TWIP+TRIP aided LDSS was reasonably predicted. In this context, the stress partitioning behaviors between various constituent phases were further quantified, and the stress contribution of each phase during deformation was clearly characterized. Further, the kinetics law of deformation twinning was modified by especially considering the stress partitioning and the fragmentation of austenite, whereby the effect of TRIP on the TWIP was highlighted.

Background: There were many case-control studies performed the association between TLRs gene polymorphisms and the correlation of Helicobactor pylori infection, these results were inconformity. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the TLRs gene polymorphism and susceptibility to H. pylori infection. Methods: Eligible studies were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, Wan Fang Database and VIP Database, all the databases were searched from inception to December 2020. OR with the corresponding 95% CI were presented as associations between certain TLR gene polymorphism and the risk of H. pylori infection, all the included data will be analyzed with the software of Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 14.2. Results: This study will provide a high-quality evidence to find the TLR gene polymorphisms with H. pylori infection susceptibility. Conclusion: This study will explore which TLR genotype increase the risk of H. pylori infection.

Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) assisted lean duplex stainless steels (LDSS) possess a multi-phase microstructure during deformation due to strain-induced martensite transformation (SIMT). The effect of SIMT on the strain partitioning into constituent phases, which in turn affects the SIMT kinetics is highlighted. The individual stress-strain relationships of each phase are obtained via a microstructure-based model and the gradual fragmentation of austenite grain resulted from SIMT is especially considered. A modified model of partitioned strain in the austenite considering the contribution of martensite is proposed, whereby the actual SIMT kinetics in the parent austenite phase can be quantitatively determined. Besides, the contributed strain of each constituent phase during the progress of deformation can be evaluated directly. Furthermore, EBSD and in-situ tensile tests were carried out to characterize the influences of SIMT and resulting high strain localization on the damage evolution. The cracking nucleation initiates at the α/α′ interface as well as the inside of ferrite near the interface. Subsequently, they grow along the α/α’ interface with further straining and, finally, merge into one interfacial crack. The combined crack forks off at the interface with small curvature, then the secondary cracks penetrate into austenite/martensite layer and ferrite layer, respectively, resulting in the final failure. The overall fracture of LDSS shows the ductile feature, although the ferrite and the martensite in the local region of fracture surface show the trace of quasi-cleavage fracture, the remained austenite exhibits dimple-typed fracture.

The metastable M2C carbide in a multi-component semi-high-speed steel shows an in situ decomposition during heat treatment. M2C carbides transform themselves into an aggregate of three secondary carbides (M6C, MC, M7C3) at the M2C carbide/γ-Fe matrix interface through the diffusion of various alloying elements. The content of the decomposition products decreases in the order of M6C, MC, and M7C3. The Fe-rich M6C is considered to be the η 2-type carbides of (Cr, V, Fe)4(Mo, W)2C, the MC consists primarily of V as the crystallized carbide does, and the M7C3 with 70 at. pct of Cr and Fe in total is formed only during heat treatment but not during solidification. At the heat treatment temperature of 1273 K (1000 °C), a new approximate reaction equation of M2C + 0.052γ-Fe → 0.687M6C + 0.044M7C3 + 0.320MC is proposed based on the measurement of the composition of carbides; moreover, a modified prediction model of transformation ratio of M2C carbide is obtained according to the DSC experiments.

The effect of rare earth (RE) on creep rupture of economical 21Cr-11Ni-N heat-resistant austenitic steel was investigated at 650 °C under different stress levels. It was found that RE could increase the time to creep rupture, especially at long-term creep duration. The logarithm of the time to creep rupture (lg t r ) was a linear function of the applied stress (σ). RE addition was favorable to generating a high fraction of low-coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries which was a possible cause for improving the creep rupture resistance. The fracture surface of RE-added steel exhibited less intergranular cracks suggesting the alteration on the nature of grain boundaries due to the presence of RE. RE addition changed the morphology of the intergranular chromium carbides from continuous network shape to fragmentary distribution which was another cause for longer creep duration. These results strongly suggested that the effect of RE alloying played a crucial role in improving the creep rupture resistance.

Effect of Rare Earth (RE) on hot workability of duplex stainless steel (DSS) has been investigated using processing map, which is based on the dynamic material model theories and the Prasad instability criterion. It is found that RE narrows hot deformation parametric regions for the presence of the particular yield point-like phenomenon in flow curves and reduces the mismatch in hardness between softer ferrite and harder austenite. At large strains, the efficiency of power dissipation of the tested steel (DSS1) with RE is relatively higher than that of the other one (DSS0) without RE. Microstructure analysis shows that RE contributes to the development of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in austenite. The optimum hot working domains for both test steels are considered to be at 1423–1473 K and 0.01 s−1 in which sufficient DRX of austenite develops. As predicted in the processing map, RE can narrow the flow instability region at 1223–1273 K caused by bands of flow localization, and can eliminate the unstable domain at 1373–1473 K and 1–10 s−1 which is related to the microcracks. It is believed that micro-alloyed RE could play an important role in hot workability of DSSs. Keywords: Duplex stainless steel, Rare earth, Processing map, Dynamic recrystallization

Background Liver fibrosis is a pathological change existing in most chronic liver diseases, which leads to abnormal changes in liver tissue structure and affects the normal physiological function of liver. Without effectively control, liver fibrosis can develop into cirrhosis and increase the risk of liver cancer. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the main active component in the water-soluble extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is a traditional Chinese medicine usually used for treating cardiovascular and liver diseases. It is reported that Sal B shown a good action against liver fibrosis via numerous signaling pathways, which indicate that Sal B is a potential candidate drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Methods We searched the related researches from the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), Wan fang Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and VIP Database. All the databases were searched from inception to December 2019. No restriction of language, publication date, or publication status. PICO of this systematic review are shown as flowing: P, preclinical studies which evaluated the effects of Sal B on the animal models of liver fibrosis with controlled studies; I, received Sal B as only treat in any dose; C, received normal saline, distilled water, or no treatment; O, the primary outcome include measure will be the decrease in liver fibrosis score, and the secondary outcomes include the index of liver fibrosis. All the included data will be analyzed with the software of Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 14.2. Discussion The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects on anti-liver fibrosis of Sal B, and this will be contribute to drug development and pathological mechanisms of clinical research. Trial registration INPLASY202050101, registered on 28/5/2020.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Background: At present, there is no effective therapy for preventing myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI), and it is inevitable. The methods how to effectively decrease MIRI have attracted the attention of medical researches in recent years. Quercetin is a part of natural flavonoids in plant polyphenols. Many studies have found that quercetin has a positive effect on MIRI. Methods: In order to clarify the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of quercetin for MIRI animals, we searched for animal studies of quercetin for MIRI in Wanfang data Information, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP information database, China Biology Medicine disc, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science. Participant intervention comparator outcomes of this study are as flowing: P, rats in MIRI; I, received quercetin treatment merely; C, received only vehicle or no treatment; O, Main outcomes are myocardial infarction size and markers of myocardial injury. Additional outcomes are serum indices or protein levels tied to the mechanisms of quercetin in myocardial l/R injury. Review Manager 5.2 software and Stata14.0 will be used for data analysis. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool will be used for risk of bias analysis of animal studies. Discussion: This preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin for MIRI animals, and provide more evidence-based guidance for transforming basic research into clinical treatment. Trial registration: INPLASY202050067, registered on 16/5/2020.

S segregation at the α/γ interface remains in duplex stainless steel with only 10 ppm S. The interfacial brittle tearing appears during hot deformation due to S segregation. Minor rare earth additions can effectively eliminate the S contamination. In particular, RE enrichment at the α/γ interface indicating its microalloying effect is an important cause.

Hot deformation behavior of 21Cr-11Ni-N-RE lean austenitic heat-resistant steel is investigated within the temperature of 1173–1473 K and the strain rate of 0.01–10 s−1. Hot deformation equation and prediction modeling of peak stress and strain are obtained. Based on the dynamic material model (DMM) theories, the processing maps are developed. The results show that at lower strain (0.3), the efficiency of power dissipation (η) increases with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate; however at the strain of 1.0, η exhibits an obvious decrease at 1373–1473 K and 0.01 s−1, in which significant coarsening of grains is found. At large strain (1.0), the optimum hot working domain of test steel should be at 1423–1473 K and strain rate of 1–10 s−1, in which more uniform and finer microstructure is formed due to the complete dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The average grain diameter of recrystallized grains shows a power law relationship with Z. The larger the Z-value is, the finer the grains are. Besides, the unstable hot working regions are delineated in the processing maps using Prasad instability criterion. As predicted, twinning bands of flow localization and localized kinking observed at 1173–1223 K and 1–10 s−1 should be responsible for the flow instability.

The effect of rare earth (RE) on Mo partitioning and resultant mechanical and microstructural behavior of a duplex stainless steel during hot working condition was investigated. It was found that RE effect was sensitive to temperature. At the high temperature, the development of dynamic recovery (DRV) in α phase was slowed down while the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process in γ phase was accelerated by RE, whereby both work hardening rate (at low strain) and dynamic softening rate (at high strain) increased and moreover, the discrepancy on the hardness of the both phase reduced. Whereas at the low temperature, the effect of RE was opposite as compared with those in the high temperature. Mo partitioning analysis by EPMA indicated that RE enhanced the partitioning of Mo in α phase while reduced Mo concentration in γ phase at higher temperature whereby the mismatch between two phases could be improved indicated by the elimination of voids and cracks at α/γ interface, but it was contrary to that at the low temperature. Mo partitioning was believed to be an important cause for the RE effect on the differences of mechanical and microstructural behavior. Also this result provided a reasonable evidence for micro-alloying of RE in DSSs.

Influence of thermal aging at non-sensitized temperature on the SCC susceptibility of wrought 316LN at high temperature water was investigated. The SCC susceptibility increases with increasing of aging time, especially over 1000 h. The fracture surface for aged samples shows a mixed mode. In particular, the intergranular attack (IGA) has been found in brittle surface of the long-term aged material (5000 h). Kinks and dislocations at the grain boundary (GB) have been found as well as aging-induced hardening. Carbon enrichment on the GB is believed to be an important cause of IGA and higher SCC susceptibility in aged materials.

In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, moving objects appear defocusing. Traditional azimuth velocity estimation methods ignore the displacement error caused by defocusing, which lead to the pixel offset measurement error among sequential images. In order to correct this error, a velocity measurement approach by moving target refocusing is presented in this paper. A novel azimuth multi-angle spaceborne SAR imaging mode is introduced to get sequential images, and effects of azimuth velocity on targets are presented as well. Moreover, azimuth velocity measurement method is derived to get the initial estimation value of the azimuth velocity. By using the initial estimation value, a refocusing approach is given, by compensating the quadratic residual phase and the time-shift phase caused by object moving. Consequently, a more precise azimuth velocity estimation result can be get by implementing the azimuth velocity measurement method again. Finally, the approach is verified by simulation of a point target with azimuth velocity.

In this paper, a novel spaceborne SAR imaging mode is proposed. In this mode, sensor illuminates the scene with different azimuth squint angles and obtains a series of sequential images. According to the working mechanism of the mode, the geometry model is built first. Based on the geometry model, the characteristics of signal are analyzed in detail, which reveals principle of velocity estimation. Moreover, combined with image formation processing algorithm, moving target velocity estimation method is present. Furthermore, some conclusions are drawn and discussed. Finally, simulation data and TerraSAR-X real data are used for verifying the validity of the method.

In this comparative study, the microstructure and the mechanical properties of a 21Cr–11Ni austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel with and without addition of rare earth (RE) element yttrium have been investigated. The results show that a number of fine spherical yttrium-rich oxide particles are not uniformly distributed in the matrix of steel with yttrium; instead, they are aligned along the rolling direction. The grains surrounding the alignment are nearly one order of magnitude smaller than those farther away from the alignment. The approximate calculation results indirectly show that the grain refinement may be mainly attributed to the stimulation for nucleation of recrystallization rather than to pinning by particles. Furthermore, the alignment has resulted in significant loss in transverse impact toughness and tensile elongation at room temperature. There is a trough in the hot ductility–temperature curve, which is located between 973 and 1173 K. The ductility trough of steel with yttrium becomes shallow within a certain temperature range, especially around 1073 K, indicating that improvement on hot ductility is achieved by yttrium addition. The results may be attributed to the increase of grain boundary cohesion indicated by the effective improvement on intergranular failure tendency, and the inhibitory effect of yttrium on sulfur segregation to grain boundaries is believed to be an important cause.

Processing map on a wrought 2205 duplex stainless steel under hot compression conditions has been developed based on the dynamic material model theories in the range 1223–1473 K and 0.01–10 s −1 . The various domains in the map corresponding to different deformation characteristics have been discussed in combination of microstructural observations. The results show that the power dissipation efficiency ( η ) depends strongly on the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of austenite which plays a dominant role in microstructural evolution, while the ferrite phase mainly continues to exhibit relatively well-developed dynamic recovery (DRV) at large strain. The optimum hot working domain of wrought 2205 duplex stainless steel is obtained to be in the temperature range 1373–1473 K and at strain rate of 0.01 s −1 , with peak efficiency 50% occurring at about 1423 K, in which more uniform microstructure is developed due to the occurrence of complete DRX of austenite. The unstable hot working regimes are predicted by Prasad instability criterion, in good agreement with the macro-and microstructural observations. As predicted, flow instability, which are manifested as twinning, bands of flow localization and the absence of DRX in austenite are observed at lower temperatures and higher strain rates (1223–1273 K and 1–10 s −1 ); in other cases, wedge cracking is responsible for instability phenomena observed at the temperature range 1373–1423 K and strain rate of 10 s −1 .

Cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) blend membranes with different compositions were prepared for the pervaporation separation of methanol/MTBE mixtures. The structural morphology, thermal stability and crystallinity of the blend membranes were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC and XRD. The effect of PVP content in the blend membranes on the pervaporation performance was investigated and discussed in terms of the sorption and diffusion behavior. The permeation flux was increased by the addition of PVP and the separation factor was also increased when the PVP content was in the range of 10–15 wt.%. The effect of operating conditions including the operating temperature, the feed flow rate and the feed composition on the pervaporation performance was extensively investigated. Among all the fabricated blend membranes, the membrane containing 85 wt.% CA and 15 wt.% PVP showed the highest separation factor with a value of 411 and a permeation flux of 430 g m−2 h−1 for a feed composed of 20 wt.% methanol at 313 K.

HZSM5-filled cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were prepared by incorporating HZSM5 into CA for pervaporation separation of methanol/methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) mixtures. The structural morphology, thermal and mechanical stability, and crystallinity characteristics of these filled membranes were investigated. The effects of HZSM5 content on the sorption, diffusion and pervaporation performance were evaluated. The swelling degree of the HZSM5-filled CA membranes decreased compared with that of CA control membrane. With the increase of HZSM5 content, the permeation flux increased continuously, but the separation factor first increased and then decreased. The CA membrane containing 0.2 wt% HZSM5 showed the highest separation factor of 346 with a permeation flux of 226 g/(m 2 h) for 20 wt% methanol in feed at 303 K. The diffusion coefficients of methanol and MTBE for the HZSM5-filled CA membranes were also estimated. The results showed that the membranes were highly methanol selective. Effects of operating conditions on the pervaporation performance have been systematically assessed. It was found that the permeation flux increased while the separation factor decreased with increasing the amount of methanol in the feed. When increasing temperature from 298 K to 323 K, the permeation flux increased significantly while separation factor decreased only slightly. With the increase of feed flow rate, permeation flux first increased and then decreased while separation factor first decreased and then increased.

To effectively suppress the swelling of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane, polymer–inorganic nanocomposite membranes composed of PVA and γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) were prepared by in situ sol–gel technique for pervaporative separation of water–ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures. Effects of the types of catalyst for sol–gel process and MPTMS content on the physical and chemical structure of PVA–silica nanocomposite membranes (designated as PVA–MPTMS hereafter) were investigated by 29Si NMR, FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA–DTA. Due to the formation of more compact crosslinked structure, nanocomposite membranes exhibited enhanced thermal stability. It was found that when 50 wt% of MPTMS was incorporated into PVA, the nanocomposite membranes possessed optimum pervaporation performance for 80 wt% EG aqueous solution at 70 °C. Unexpectedly, there was no improvement in the pervaporation performance of PVA–MPTMS nanocomposite membranes after mercapto group was oxidized into sulfonic group.

Mordenite-filled chitosan–poly(acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte complex membranes (PECM) were prepared by incorporating mordenite into CS and PAAc blending solution for pervaporation separation of ethylene glycol (EG) aqueous solution. The membranes were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and universal testing machine, respectively. The effects of mordenite content on sorption, diffusion and pervaporation performance of the membranes were evaluated. The permeation flux decreased while the separation factor first increased and then decreased with increasing the mordenite content. The M04-PECM60/40 containing 4 wt% mordenite showed the highest separation factor of 258 with a permeation flux of 165 g/m2 h for 80 wt% EG in feed at 70 °C. The diffusion coefficients of water and EG for the mordenite-filled membranes were estimated, which revealed that the membranes were highly water selective. The effects of EG concentration in the feed, operating temperature and feed flow rate on pervaporation performance of the membrane were systematically investigated. The Arrhenius activation energy was found to decrease for water but obviously increase for EG after incorporation of mordenite, indicating that water molecules required much less energy than EG molecules to cross the membrane.

The ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated by blending Pluronic F127 and polyethersulfone (PES). The fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis results confirmed that Pluronic F127 could exist stably in blend membranes, and tensile test showed that the addition of Pluronic F127 exerted minor effect on the mechanical properties of blend membranes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis results indicated that Pluronic F127 and PES were partially miscible. The separation performance of blend membranes under different pressures was investigated by changing operation pressure from 0.05 to 0.30 MPa. It could be found that the operation pressure had more favorable effect on the flux of blend membranes than that of PES-control membrane. In particular, all blend membranes exhibited lower membrane fouling resistance, especially lower irreversible fouling resistance, and higher flux recovery ratio.