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Abstract Objective To assess the infiltration characteristics of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in buccal mucosa carcinoma (BMC) and the correlation of these features with clinicopathological factors. Materials and methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TAM-related markers (CD68, CD163, CD206), CD8+ T cell markers, PD-L1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in 46 patients with mucosal cancer after radical surgery. In addition, the correlation between TAM infiltration and clinical characteristics, PD-L1 expression, and EGFR expression was analysed. Results A high infiltration level of M2-polarized (CD206+) TAMs and M2-polarized (CD163+) TAMs was more common in stage T3–T4, N+, III–IV patients than in other patient groups (P

Abstract Background In patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA), the administration of dexamethasone may contribute to perioperative blood glucose (BG) disturbances, potentially resulting in complications, even in patients without diabetes. This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of different administration regimens of dexamethasone in postoperative BG levels. Methods In this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, 136 patients without diabetes scheduled for TJA were randomly assigned to three groups: two perioperative saline injections (Group A, placebo); a single preoperative injection of 20 mg dexamethasone and a postoperative saline injection (Group B), and two perioperative injections of 10 mg dexamethasone (Group C). Primary outcomes were the postoperative fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Secondary outcome parameters were the postoperative postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels. Postoperative complications within 90 days were also recorded. Risk factors for FBG ≥ 140 mg/dl and PBG ≥ 180 mg/dl were investigated. Results Compared to Group A, there were transient increases in FBG and PBG on postoperative days (PODs) 0 and 1 in Groups B and C. Statistical differences in FBG and PBG among the three groups were nearly absent from POD 1 onward. Both dexamethasone regimens did not increase the risk for postoperative FBG ≥ 140 mg/dl or PBG ≥ 180 mg/dl. Elevated preoperative HbA1c levels may increase the risk of postoperative FBG ≥ 140 mg/dl or PBG ≥ 180 mg/dl, respectively. Conclusion Perioperative intravenous high-dose dexamethasone to patients without diabetes has transient effects on increasing BG levels after TJA. However, no differences were found between the split-dose and single high-dose regimens. The elevated preoperative HbA1c, but not the dexamethasone regimens were the risk factor for FBG ≥ 140 mg/dl and PBG ≥ 180 mg/dl. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trail Registry, ChiCTR2300069473. Registered 17 March 2023, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=186760 .

Standard machine learning and deep learning architectures have been widely used in the field of sentiment analysis, but their performance is unsatisfactory if the input texts are short (e.g., social media posts). Specifically, the accuracy of standard machine learning methods crucially depends on the richness and completeness of the features used to represent the texts, and in the case of short messages, it is often difficult to obtain high-quality features. Conversely, methods based on deep learning can achieve better expressiveness, but these methods are computationally demanding and often suffer from over-fitting. This paper proposes a new adaptive evolutionary computational integrated learning model (AdaECELM) to overcome the problems encountered by traditional machine learning and deep learning models in sentiment analysis for short texts. AdaECELM consists of three phases: feature selection, sub classifier training, and global integration learning. First, a grid search is used for feature extraction and selection of term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF). Second, cuckoo search (CS) is introduced to optimize the combined hyperparameters in the sub-classifier support vector machine (SVM). Finally, the training set is divided into different feature subsets for sub-classifier training, and then the trained sub-classifiers are integrated and learned using the AdaBoost integrated soft voting method. Extensive experiments were conducted on six real polar sentiment analysis data sets. The results show that the AdaECELM model outperforms the traditional ML comparison methods according to evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score in all cases, and we report an improvement in accuracy exceeding 4.5%, the second-best competitor.

Abstract Considering the nonlinearity of the Yang Mills charge, we investigate the Joule–Thomson expansion for the Einstein–Power–Yang–Mills AdS black holes in the context of the gauge-gravity duality. Under this framework, we calculate the Joule–Thomson coefficient, describe all relevant inversion and isenthalpic curves in the temperature-pressure plane that determining in this manner the corresponding cooling and heating regions. Finally we analyze the effect of the charge nonlinearity on the Joule–Thomson expansion.

Introduction: Thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) is a common feature in patients with spinal deformities. However, due to limited studies, the impacts of TLK on gait have not been reported. The objective of the study was to quantify and evaluate the impacts of gait biomechanics of patients with TLK secondary to Scheuermann’s disease.Methods: Twenty cases of Scheuermann’s disease patients with TLK and twenty cases of asymptomatic participants were recruited into this study. And the gait motion analysis was conducted.Results: The stride length was shorter in the TLK group compared to control group (1.24 ± 0.11 m vs. 1.36 ± 0.21 m, p = 0.04). Compared to control group, the stride time and step time were more prolonged in the TLK group (1.18 ± 0.11s vs. 1.11 ± 0.08 s, p = 0.03; 0.59 ± 0.06 s vs. 0.56 ± 0.04 s, p = 0.04). The gait speed of the TLK group was significantly slower than it of control group (1.05 ± 0.12 m/s vs. 1.17 ± 0.14 m/s, p = 0.01); In the sagittal plane, the range of motion (ROM) of the hip in the TLK group was significantly smaller than that of the control group (37.71 ± 4.35° vs. 40.05 ± 3.71°, p = 0.00). In the transverse plane, the adduction/abduction ROMs of the knee and ankle, as well as the internal and external rotation of the knee, were smaller in TLK group than ROMs in the control group (4.66 ± 2.21° vs. 5.61 ± 1.82°, p = 0.00; 11.48 ± 3.97° vs. 13.16 ± 5.6°, p = 0.02; 9.00 ± 5.14° vs. 12.95 ± 5.78°, p = 0.00).Discussion: The main finding of this study was that measurements of gait patterns and joint movement of the TLK group were significantly lower than those of the control group. And these impacts have the potential to exacerbate degenerative progress of joints in the lower extremities. These abnormal features of gait can also serve as a guideline for physicians to focus on TLK in these patients.

The effects of high-intensity ultrasound on the physicochemical and gelling properties of Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) myofibrillar protein (MP) were investigated. MP solutions were subjected to ultrasound treatment (power 100 W, 300 W, and 500 W). It was found that the carbonyl and free amino contents of MP increased significantly with increasing ultrasound power, accompanied by enhanced emulsification properties. The increase of free radical and carbonyl content indicated that ultrasound induced the oxidation of MP. With the increase of ultrasound power, it was found that the total sulfhydryl content of the shrimp MP decreased, but the surface hydrophobicity increased significantly, which might be closely related to the conformational changes of MP. Meanwhile, a significant increase of β-sheet but a decrease of α-helix in the secondary structure of MP was observed with increasing ultrasound power, indicating that ultrasound treatment induced the stretching and flexibility of MP molecules. SDS-PAGE showed that L. vannamei MP consisted of myosin heavy chain, actin, myosin light chain, paramyosin and tropomyosin. Ultrasound treatment could lead to some degree of oxidative aggregation of MP. The results of rheological properties indicated that ultrasound treatment enhanced the viscoelasticity of MP and further improved the gel strength of MP gel. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the functional modification of shrimp MP and the processing of its surimi products.

Abstract Background Up to now in the surgical treatment of Kümmell’s disease combined with thoracolumbar kyphosis, little research has focused on the evaluation of the imaging and clinical outcomes of restoring the normal alignment and sagittal balance of the spine. This study aimed to evaluate the short to mid-term radiographic and clinical outcomes in the treatment of Kümmell’s disease with thoracolumbar kyphosis. Methods From February 2016 to May 2018, 30 cases of Kümmell’s disease with thoracolumbar kyphosis were divided into group A and B according to whether the kyphosis was combined with neurological deficits. All of the cases underwent surgical treatment to regain the normal spinal alignment and sagittal balance. The radiographic outcomes and clinical outcomes of the cases were retrospectively evaluated. The sagittal imaging parameters including sagittal vertebral axis (SVA),thoracic kyphosis (TK),thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK),lumbar lordosis (LL),pelvic incidence (PI),pelvic tilt (PT),and sacral slope (SS) before operation,immediately after operation,and the last follow-up of each case were measured and evaluated. The clinical results included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of the two groups. Statistical software SPSS21.0 was used to analyze the data. Results In group A: Mean SVA before operation was 75 mm and 26.7 mm at the final postoperative evaluation (P = 0.000); Mean TLK before operation was 39°, and 7.1° at the final postoperative evaluation (P = 0.000); Mean NRS before operation was 4.7, compared with 0.9 at the final postoperative evaluation (P = 0.000). In group B: Mean preoperative SVA was 62.5 mm and decreases to 30.7 mm at the final postoperative evaluation (P = 0.000); Mean TLK before operation was 33°, and 9.7° 2 years post-operation (P = 0.000); Mean NRS prior to surgery was 4.0, and 0.8 at the last follow-up evaluation (P = 0.000). The improvement of the NRS scores of groups A and B was related to the improvement of the cobb angle (P = 0.020); (P = 0.009) respectively. Conclusion In the treatment of Kümmell’s disease with thoracolumbar kyphosis,to restore the normal alignment and sagittal balance can obtain a satisfactory radiographic and clinical short and medium-term effects.

Abstract. Background:. There have been few real-life dose-comparing studies on the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Chinese patients with plaque psoriasis. We conducted a real-life cohort study to investigate the efficacy and safety of secukinumab 150 and 300 mg in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Methods:. A total of 106 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were included in this study. Patients received either secukinumab 150 mg or secukinumab 300 mg according to patients’ weights and severity of psoriasis. The treatment continued for at least 24 weeks. The efficacy was evaluated by improvement in the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores. The safety was also analyzed. Results:. Fifty-nine patients (55.7%) were treated with secukinumab 300 mg and 47 patients (44.3%) were treated with secukinumab 150 mg. After 12-week treatment, PASI75/90/100 responses were achieved in 100%, 97.8%, and 95.7% of patients, respectively, in secukinumab 150 mg group, and the efficacy was maintained to week 24. In secukinumab 300 mg group, PASI75/90/100 responses were achieved in 93.2%, 81.4%, and 76.3% of patients, respectively, at week 12. In this group, PASI75/90/100 responses reached 91.5%, 86.4%, and 79.9%, respectively, at week 24. Biologic-experienced patients had lower responses than biologic-naïve patients. Secukinumab 150 and 300 mg were well tolerated. Five patients discontinued treatment due to poor response, adverse event, or economic reasons. Conclusions:. This real-life study demonstrated that high PASI 90 and PASI 100 responses were achieved in Chinese psoriasis patients receiving secukinumab 150 or 300 mg. Biologic-naïve was associated with better clinical efficacy.

Joint detection and tracking is fundamentally important in signal processing, navigation, and radar applications. Especially, multitarget detection and tracking in multipath environments is a promising issue and broadening range for joint detection and tracking. However, its wide adoption in real-world systems is challenged by the unknown data association, complex and changeable motion environment, and data mutual coupling. To address those problems, we propose a joint detection and tracking scheme based on expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. By alternately computing the complete likelihood function and optimizing it with respect to target existence state (detection) and target kinematic state (tracking), the proposed scheme iteratively optimizes estimation and data association. Furthermore, we provide a hybrid forward and backward algorithm during the M-step to deal with the coupling of the target existence state and target kinematic state. We also provide a convergence speed-up algorithm based on K-means method and stochastic initialization method to accelerate convergence speed. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed joint detection and tracking scheme by conducting extensive simulations with different tracking scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only improves the detection and tracking performance, but also stays stable performance in complex and changeable motion environment and high noise background.

The microphase separation of polyurethane is the result of thermodynamic incompatibility between the hard and soft segments, which plays a significant role in its micro structure and performance. In recent years, many researches about the microphase separation of polyurethane have been reported. However, there is a gap in summarizing the recent advances in the characterization methods and applications about it. To fill in this gap, this paper carefully compared and analyzed the characterization methods of the microphase separation such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic thermomechanical analyzer (DMA), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Moreover, applicaitions of the microphase separated polyurethane in shape memory, water resistance, and gas separation are also discussed in detail.

In various applications such as trajectory tracking in mobile social networks and online recommendation systems, the massive raw data are often incomplete due to various unpredictable or unavoidable reasons. Matrix completion algorithms are effective for reconstructing two-dimensional data, but sending raw data containing personal, sensitive information to cloud computing nodes for matrix completion may lead to privacy exposure issue. The homomorphic matrix completion is a promising approach to perform matrix completion while preserving privacy. However, CPU-based homomorphic matrix completion has low performance, making it impractical to process multiple or large-scale data completion tasks in real-time. In this paper, we propose a high-performance homomorphic matrix completion scheme by exploiting commodity GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) that are widely available in HPC servers and cloud computing nodes. First, we design and implement a baseline GPU-based homomorphic matrix completion, and propose techniques to optimize memory accesses, GPU utilization, and communications. Second, we propose a shard mode for large-scale matrices exceeding GPU memory capacity. Third, we propose a multi-GPU mode to fully utilize multiple GPUs in computing nodes. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme is both fast and accurate. On matrices of varying sizes, the proposed scheme running on a single Tesla V100 GPU achieves up to 116.23× speedups over the CPU MATLAB implementation running on dual Xeon CPUs. The multi-GPU mode achieves up to 1.84× speedups on two GPUs versus on a single GPU. For large-scale matrices, the shard mode achieves up to 174.92× speedups on a single GPU over the CPU MATLAB implementation on two CPUs, and further achieves up to 1.35× speedups when running on two GPUs using the multi-GPU mode.

Abstract Background The chromosomal 15q11‐q13 regions are structurally complex, and their abnormalities are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy, Angelman syndrome, and Prader–Willi syndrome. Case description A 6‐year‐old child was admitted to the hospital as a result of an “epileptic status” showing ASD, intractable epilepsy, and total developmental retardation. Chromosome gene detection showed repetitive variation in the 15q11‐q13 regions, and the video electroencephalogram was abnormal. Although children are currently given antiepileptic treatment and rehabilitation training, intermittent seizures can still occur. Conclusion The clinical phenotypes of 15q11‐q13 repetitive syndrome are complex, and vary in severity. Children with intractable epilepsy, ASD, and language and motor retardation should be considered to have this syndrome, which requires confirmation by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification and gene detection. These approaches can enable early rehabilitation treatment and improve the patients’ quality of life.

Volcanic soil is a special soil that is well-known for its distinctive texture, vesicular nature, and particle fragility. The fragility characteristic of volcanic soil is the main factor affecting the foundation stability in road engineering. This study focuses on the mechanical properties and particle crushing characteristics of volcanic soil retrieved from Northeast China. A series of triaxial consolidation and drainage shear tests are performed on volcanic coarse-grained soil (5 mm > d > 0.075 mm) under different initial relative densities and effective confining pressures. Results show the peak friction angle of volcanic soil significantly decreases with the increase of confining pressure. The particle crushing degree of volcanic soil increases with the increase of confining pressure, particle size, and relative density. The relative breakage rate of the same particle size group has a good linear relationship with a fractal dimension. Moreover, for the same particle size, the relationship between plastic work and relative breakage rate can be fitted by a power function, which is not significantly affected by relative density or effective confining pressure. From an engineering view, in addition to increasing the compaction degree of volcanic soil, volcanic soil with fine particles used as a roadbed filler can significantly reduce the deformation of the roadbed and improve the bearing capacity of the foundation.

Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) is an important effector of the Hippo pathway and has crosstalk with other cancer signaling pathways. It induces an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by activating pathways in several cellular components. However, the mechanisms by which it drives immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer remain poorly understood. We analyzed the expression of YAP1 as well as its prognostic value and correlations with immune infiltrates in various cancers, with a focus on pancreatic cancer. In particular, using the Oncomine database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, we found that YAP1 is differentially expressed between tumor tissues and control tissues in a number of cancers and in particular, is elevated in pancreatic cancer. Using the Kaplan–Meier plotter, GEPIA, and Long-term Outcome and Gene Expression Profiling database of pan-cancers (LOGpc), we further established the prognostic value of YAP1. We found that YAP1 expression was significantly related to outcomes in multiple types of cancer based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, particularly in pancreatic cancer. Correlations between YAP1 and immune cell infiltration and immune cell marker expression were examined using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and GEPIA. High expression levels of YAP1 were significantly associated with a variety of immune markers and immune cell subsets in pancreatic cancer. These results suggest that YAP1 is correlated with patient outcomes and tumor immune cell infiltration in multiple cancer types and is a valuable prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer.

In order to deeply understand the appropriate embedded depth of the foundation pit diaphragm wall in granite residual soil area, a physical model of the diaphragm wall with inner support for foundation excavation was constructed according to the actual project in the proportion of 1 : 30. The distribution of Earth pressure, the horizontal displacement of the wall, and the settlement behind the wall were obtained by physical experiments. The numerical simulation was then performed to authenticate the results from physical modeling. It was observed that the embedded depth of the diaphragm wall had the most obvious influence on the horizontal displacement of the wall. Moreover, the final soil settlement and its influence were significantly increased with the decrease in embedded depth. The analysis results also suggested that the control value for the embedded depth of the wall should not be less than 0.36 H (H is the excavation depth of the foundation pit).

Energy harvesting refers to energy-supply guaranteed solutions in Internet of Things for functional maintenance, because network nodes can absorb energy from surrounding environments. However, once the environment turns into a harsh condition (e.g., desert, ocean, or battlefield), the design of a robust network model must take into account two intractable factors: 1) the flexibility of users’ heterogeneous requirements and 2) the influence of unpredictable emergency in energy harvesting. Consequently, spectrum resource allocation revolved issues become rather challenging. To tackle this problem, we build the central network into a combinatorial auction model where complex interactions between the access point and users can be captured. Meanwhile, our model preserves the user flexibility in time-frequency domain. Based on this model, we demonstrate both the energy supply of access point and the network performance can be guaranteed. Moreover, we propose an approximation algorithm to obtain efficient and effective results, and further provide incentives for users to anticipate a truthful auction. Finally, we modify the proposed model to be practical and yet truthful for pursuing an optimal solution. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposal.

In a cognitive radio network (CRN), the interference caused by secondary users (SUs) is conventionally regarded as an obstacle to the throughput of the primary network. However, when considering security, the interference brings potential benefits to the secrecy throughput of the primary network. For a stand-alone primary network, the secrecy guard zone, including the cooperative mode and non-cooperative mode, has been shown as an efficient method to enhance the network security. The cooperative mode is traditionally thought to outperform the non-cooperative mode due to the jamming effect of the artificial noise generated by primary transmitters on eavesdroppers. However, allowing SUs to access the licensed spectrum, the resulting interference can be used as a source of the artificial noise instead of that generated on purpose by primary transmitters, which in return benefits the energy efficiency of the primary network. Inspired by the two benefits brought by SUs, this paper considers a random underlay CRN with eavesdroppers overhearing primary transmissions. To enhance both the security and energy efficiency of the primary network, we apply a secrecy guard zone around each primary transmitter, and adopt the non-cooperative mode. We exploit the stochastic geometry to model such a random CRN and analyze the connection/secrecy probability of primary links. We propose a criterion for guaranteeing the performance of secure primary network. The main idea is that compared with the primary network with the cooperative mode, the access of SUs should not reduce the secrecy throughput and energy efficiency of the primary network with the non-cooperative mode. Based on the obtained analytical results, we design the optimal secondary link scheduling schemes under the criterion. Both analytical and numerical results show that the interference from SUs can be exploited toward a secure and energy-efficient primary network and provide SUs with extra transmission opportunities.

Advanced techniques capable of early, rapid, and nondestructive detection of the impacts of drought on fruit tree and the measurement of the underlying photosynthetic traits on a large scale are necessary to meet the challenges of precision farming and full prediction of yield increases. We tested the application of hyperspectral reflectance as a high-throughput phenotyping approach for early identification of water stress and rapid assessment of leaf photosynthetic traits in citrus trees by conducting a greenhouse experiment. To this end, photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cond) and transpiration rate (Trmmol) were measured with gas-exchange approaches alongside measurements of leaf hyperspectral reflectance from citrus grown across a gradient of soil drought levels six times, during 20 days of stress induction and 13 days of rewatering. Water stress caused Pn, Cond, and Trmmol rapid and continuous decline throughout the entire drought period. The upper layer was more sensitive to drought than middle and lower layers. Water stress could also bring continuous and dynamic changes of the mean spectral reflectance and absorptance over time. After trees were rewatered, these differences were not obvious. The original reflectance spectra of the four water stresses were surprisingly of low diversity and could not track drought responses, whereas specific hyperspectral spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) and absorption features or wavelength position variables presented great potential. The following machine-learning algorithms: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boost (GDboost), and adaptive boosting (Adaboost) were used to develop a measure of photosynthesis from leaf reflectance spectra. The performance of four machine-learning algorithms were assessed, and RF algorithm yielded the highest predictive power for predicting photosynthetic parameters (R2 was 0.92, 0.89, and 0.88 for Pn, Cond, and Trmmol, respectively). Our results indicated that leaf hyperspectral reflectance is a reliable and stable method for monitoring water stress and yield increase, with great potential to be applied in large-scale orchards.

Energy harvesting enables the wireless devices to obtain energy for communication from the ambient environment. A general theme in prior works is to investigate the power scheduling policies to increase the utility ratio of the harvested energy, which arrives at random. One key assumption is the infinite data backlog, which means that as long as there is energy, there is data to transmit. However, in real systems, the buffer size is limited, and the arrival of data is also random. When the data backlog fills up the buffer, the subsequent arrival packets will be discarded directly. Therefore, we are motivated to jointly consider the data arrival and energy arrival processes in an energy harvesting communication system (EHCS). Specifically, we first derive the maximum average throughput r̅ that EHCS can support with a simple online power scheduling scheme. Then, given a data arrival process whose average rate λ

The increasing use of virtualization puts stringent security requirements on software integrity and workload isolation of cloud computing. The encryption card provides hardware cryptographic services for users and is believed to be superior to software cryptography. However, we cannot use the encryption card directly in the user domain because of the complicated virtualization mechanisms and the security problems about the user key and the user private data flow. To address these challenges, we propose a new virtualization architecture to ensure the trustworthiness of encryption cards. First, we design a privacy preserving model to ensure the security of the dynamic schedule of encryption cards. Second, we present a hardware trust verification procedure based on the trusted platform module to supply a trusted virtualization hardware foundation. Third, we provide a series of security protocols to establish a trusted chain between users and encryption cards. Finally, we give security proofs of the encryption card virtualization architecture. Based on our prototype implementation, the encryption service provided by the encryption card has higher-level security and higher efficiency than software encryption. It provides strong support for security services of virtualization systems in cloud computing.

Mechanical ventilation-induced excessive stretch of alveoli is reported to induce cellular stress failure and subsequent lung injury, and is therefore an injurious factor to the lung. Avoiding cellular stress failure is crucial to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) treatment. In the present study, primary rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells were isolated to evaluate their viability and the mechanism of their survival under tonic stretch. By the annexin V/ PI staining and flow cytometry assay, we demonstrated that tonic stretch-induced cell death is an immediate injury of mechanical stress. In addition, immunofluorescence and immunoblots assay showed that the cells experienced an expansion-contraction-reexpansion process, accompanied by partial focal adhesion (FA) disassembly during contraction. Manipulation of integrin adherent affinity by altering bivalent cation levels in the culture medium and applying an integrin neutralizing antibody showed that facilitated adhesion affinity promoted cell death under tonic stretch, while lower level of adhesion protected the cells from stretch-induced stress failure. Finally, a simplified numerical model was established to reveal that adequate disassembly of FAs reduced the forces transmitting throughout the cell. Taken together, these results indicate that ATII cells escape stress failure caused by tonic stretch via active cell morphological remodeling, during which cells transiently disassemble FAs to unload mechanical forces.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H16O4, contains two crystallographically independent molecules with different absolute configurations.

The title compound, C16H12ClNO2, featuring a furan-2(5H)-one (γ-butyrolactone) core, contains two molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, with different dihedral angles between the central ring and the pendant phenyl and chlorobenzene rings [43.33 (8) and 20.16 (8)°, respectively, for A, and 47.79 (8) and 13.87 (8)°, respectively, for B]. In the crystal, the A molecules are linked into [001] chains by single C—H...O interactions. The B molecules also form [001] chains, but their relative orientations in the chains are quite different to those of the A molecules so that adjacent B molecules are linked by two C—H...O hydrogen bonds. Finally, C—H...O interactions and aromatic π–π stacking contacts [centroid–centroid separations = 3.754 (1) and 3.817 (1) Å] link the chains into a two-dimensional array parallel to (010).

Establishing high performance cooperation and estimating nodes’ risk level in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are currently fundamental and challenging due to the inherent characteristics of MANETs, such as the highly dynamic topology and the absence of an effective security mechanism. Trust based assessment methods were recently put forward but presumed restrictions to the data samples or presumed weights for node’s attributes are required. In this paper, Projection Pursuit based Risk Assessment (PPRA), is proposed to analyze node’s creditability. As projection pursuit turns high-dimensional node properties to low-dimension space, all nodes’ risk levels could be clustered effectively and accurately. Projection index, the same as judgment index of clustering consequence, is utilized to reveal the behavior of different nodes. By maximizing projection index through Genetic Algorithm (GA), optimal projection direction is obtained, and then the projection values of each node could be calculated. Finally, the results in one-dimension or two-dimension projection space show that our method is more efficient and practical than traditional methods.

In the title compound, {[Cu(C10H14N4)2(H2O)2](NO3)2}n, the CuII ion lies on an inversion center and is six-coordinated in an octahedral environment by four N atoms from four different 1,1′-butane-1,4-diyldiimidazole ligands and two O atoms from the two water molecules. Bridging by the ligands results in a ribbon structure. Adjacent ribbons are linked to the nitrate anions via O—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming layers. One nitrate O atom is disordered equally over two positions.