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Background Herpes zoster presents as clustered blisters on one side of the body, accompanied by nerve pain. This is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, and it occurs primarily in people with weakened immunity. Tumor and chemotherapy drugs can impair the patient's immune function, induce herpes zoster and prolong the course of disease.In these patients, skin changes can last for months and blisters can recur and cause serious complications such as postherpetic neuralgia.Acupuncture is a common alternative therapy for herpes zoster in East Asia. Case presentation We report a case of an elderly male patient with widespread herpes zoster in the trunk after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma chemotherapy. The patient had received conventional treatment with valaciclovir and mecobalamin within 24 hours of symptom onset. Because neither the clustered blisters nor the nerve pain were improved a week later, acupuncture and related techniques were applied. These included electro-acupuncture, surrounding acupuncture, fire acupuncture, and cupping. The patient recovered 20 days after the herpes zoster attack, and there were no adverse reactions during the treatment process. Conclusions This case suggests that acupuncture and related techniques are effective interventions for this condition.This case report is innovative because it shows that acupuncture as an adjuvant treatment can improve the skin lesions in patients with HZ after tumour chemotherapy, relieve pain, and shorten the course of HZ.

This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of adversity quotient and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between the organizational climate and the work engagement of intensive care unit nurses.A good organizational climate can contribute to a high level of work engagement. Adversity quotient and self-efficacy are the key factors affecting nurses' work engagement, while the mechanism of these factors in the organizational climate and work engagement remains unclear. This study was conducted to contribute to the relevant field research.The study used a cross-sectional research design and surveyed 323 intensive care unit nurses working in a public hospital in China. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods: Pearson correlation analysis and PROCESS macro Model 7 in the regression analysis.Organizational climate was positively correlated with work engagement and adversity quotient. The indirect effect of organizational climate on work engagement through adversity quotient was positive. Furthermore, self-efficacy moderated the relationship between the two factors.Cultivating organizational climate and adversity quotients is an important strategy to improve the work engagement of intensive care unit nurses, particularly for nurses with high self-efficacy.Administrators should make efforts to create a good organizational climate and cultivate nurses' adversity quotients and self-efficacy to decrease their intent to leave.

Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to a relentless paralysis of skeletal muscles and eventual respiratory failure. Chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of ALS and may contribute to motoneurons degeneration. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation resulting from insufficient resolution, a process operated by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). However, whether resolution of inflammation is impaired in ALS is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of SPMs in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients, and to explore the roles of SPMs in clinical features of ALS. Methods Fourty-one patients with ALS, and 73 patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases were enrolled in this study. Pro-resolving mediators including resolvin D1 (RvD1), maresin 1 (MaR1) and lipoxinA4(LxA4) levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were analyzed by cytometric beads array (CBA). Findings: Our results showed serum RvD1 levels were decreased, whereas CSF RvD1 levels were significantly increased in ALS patients compared to controls. Serum RvD1 was also negatively correlated to disease progression rate (DPR), and positively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC). Conclusions The present preliminary study allows hypothesizing impaired resolution of inflammation in patients with ALS, confirming the emerging role of bioactive lipids in this disease.

Nemaline myopathy (NEM) is a congenital myopathy that typically presents with proximal muscle weakness and hypotonia. To date, 13 genes have been associated with NEM. The Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 13 (KBTBD13) gene (KBTBD13)-related NEM is a rarely reported condition, and not a single case has been reported in Asia. Here, we report the case of a mother and daughter in China with NEM caused by a mutation (c.1222C>T) in KBTBD13. Their shared clinical phenotype is symmetrical muscle weakness in the arms and legs with childhood onset. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed the unique replacement mode of muscle with fibro-fatty tissue. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of fibers containing rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm or under the sarcolemma. DNA sequencing analysis detected a heterozygous mutation (c.1222C>T) in KBTBD13 in this family. A founder effect for the variant may exist in the Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands, and the mutation may be a hotspot mutation in Europe, as it has not been reported in Asia. Our case study expands the spectrum of KBTBD13-related NEM.

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling chemistry can be regarded as one of the most powerful protocols to construct carbon–carbon bonds. While the field is still dominated by palladium catalysis, there is an increasing interest to develop protocols that utilize cheaper and more sustainable metal sources. Herein, we report a selective, practical, and fast iron‐based cross‐coupling reaction that enables the formation of Csp−Csp3 and Csp2−Csp3 bonds. In a telescoped flow process, the reaction can be combined with the Grignard reagent synthesis. Moreover, flow allows the use of a supporting ligand to be avoided without eroding the reaction selectivity., A broadly applicable Fe‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of alkynyl and styrenyl chlorides with alkyl Grignard reagents is reported (see scheme). The reaction displays a broad scope and can be carried out under mild conditions in very short reaction times in batch. The use of flow allows for the process integration of the Grignard reagent synthesis and the Fe‐based cross‐coupling chemistry.

X.-J.W., I.A., J.A., and T.N. would like to acknowledge the European Union for a Marie Curie ITN Grant (Photo4Future, Grant No. 641861). C.S. acknowledges the European Union for a Marie Curie European post-doctoral fellowship (FlowAct, Grant No. 794072). We would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for financial support (EP/M02105X/1). C. L. thanks the Prof. & Mrs Purdie Bequests Scholarship and AstraZeneca for his PhD Studentship. A continuous‐flow, visible‐light‐promoted method has been developed to overcome the limitations of iron‐catalyzed Kumada–Corriu cross‐coupling reactions. A variety of strongly electron rich aryl chlorides, previously hardly reactive, could be efficiently coupled with aliphatic Grignard reagents at room temperature in high yields and within a few minutes’ residence time, considerably enhancing the applicability of this iron‐catalyzed reaction. The robustness of this protocol was demonstrated on a multigram scale, thus providing the potential for future pharmaceutical application. Publisher PDF

Sarcotubular myopathy (STM) is a rare autosomal recessive myopathy caused by TRIM32 gene mutations. It is predominantly characterized by the weakness of the proximal limb and mild to moderate elevation of creatine kinase (CK) levels. In this study, we describe a 50‑year‑old Chinese man who exhibited a proximal-to-distal weakness in the muscles of the lower limbs and who had difficulty standing up from a squat position. The symptoms gradually became more severe. He denied a history of cognitive or cardiological problems. The patient's parents and children were healthy. Histopathological examination revealed dystrophic changes and irregular slit-shaped vacuoles containing amorphous materials. Whole-exome sequencing consisting of protein-encoding regions of 19,396 genes was performed, the results of which identified one novel homozygous 2kb deletion chr9.hg19: g.119460021_119461983del (exon2) in the TRIM32 gene. This was confirmed at the homozygous state with quantitative real-time PCR. Here, we present a Chinese case of STM with one novel mutation in TRIM32 and provide a brief summary of all known pathogenic mutations in TRIM32.

Rationale: GNE myopathy is caused by mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase(GNE) gene and is clinically characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of the lower-limb muscles with quadriceps sparing. Nearly all GNE mutations that have been reported thus far in various ethnic populations around the world have been missense or nonsense mutations. Patient concerns: We describe the case of a 32-year-old woman with GNE myopathy. The patient presented with progressive weakness of the lower-limb muscles that had spread to her legs. Her serum creatine kinase level was higher than the normal range. Mild myogenic changes were detected in the tibialis anterior muscles on electromyography, and moderate fatty infiltration was observed in various lower-limb muscles on magnetic resonance imaging. Histopathological examination of a skeletal muscle biopsy specimen revealed variation in muscle fiber size, rimmed vacuoles, and disorganized intermyofibrillar networks. DNA sequencing testing revealed a compound heterozygous mutation consisting of a known mutation (c.620A > T in exon 3) and a novel (exon 1 deletion) mutation. Diagnoses: Taken together, the clinical features, laboratory testing and DNA findings eventually made the diagnosis of GNE myopathy. Interventions and outcomes: Based on the diagnosis of the GNE myopathy, the patient was administered sialic acid 6 g a day for 1 year, and up to now, her symptoms did not progress further. Lessons: We have reported the case of a GNE myopathy patient with compound heterozygous GNE gene mutations. This case expands the genotypic spectrum of GNE myopathy.

Left-handedness signifies negative permittivity (er) and permeability (μr) in the same frequency band. The er and μr are evaluated in a quantized composite right-left handed transmission line (CRLH-TL), and the frequency band for left-handedness is also valuated in the balanced resonance (LrCl = LlCr) and unbalanced resonance (LlCr ≠ LrCl) cases in the displaced squeezed Fock state. The results show that the balanced resonance plays an important role in bandwidth and achieving for left-handedness. This displays some quantum mechanical behaviors and proposes a new potential approach to wider frequency band left-handedness for the quantized CRLH-TL.

Starting from the quantum fluctuation of current in the mesoscopic composite right-left handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) in the thermal Fock state, we investigate the left-handedness dependent of the frequencies, intensity and quantum fluctuations of the current field in the CRLH-TL under different thermal environment. The results show that the intensity and quantum fluctuations of current field in lower frequency bands affect the left-handedness distinctly under different thermal environment. The thermal effect on the left-handedness in the mesoscopic CRLH-TL deserves further experimental investigation in its miniaturization application., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

The left-handedness was demonstrated by the simulation with a three-level quantum system in an E3+r -dopped ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF (ZBLAFN) optical fiber. And the left-handedness can be regulated by the incoherent pumping field. Our scheme may provide a solid candidate other than the coherent atomic vapour for left-handedness, and may extend the application of the rare-earth-ion-doped optical fiber in metamaterials and of the incoherent pumping light field in quantum optics., 5 pages, 7 figures

A new DTBP/Mg(NO3)2-mediated bicyclization cascade of o-arylalkynylanilines with secondary arylphosphine oxides has been developed, enabling dual C(sp2)–H functionalization along with the cleavage of the C–N bond. The combination between regioselective P-centered radical-triggered [3 + 2] cyclization and C-centered radical-induced cross-coupling in a one-pot manner delivered 27 examples of tribenzo[b,e,g]phosphindole oxides with generally high regioselectivity. A reasonable mechanism for forming such products involving radical addition–cyclization cascade is proposed.

A new C-center radical-triggered bicyclization cascade of N-tethered 1,7-enynes for forming 28 examples of biologically interesting spirocyclohexadienone-containing cyclopenta[c]quinolin-4-ones with two all-carbon quaternary stereocenters has been established under mild conditions. The in situ generated diazonium salts from 4-methoxyanilines and t-BuONO are served as 4-methoxyphenyl precursors without additional oxidant, enabling 6-exo-dig cyclization/5-exo-trig ipso-cyclization to construct three new C-C bonds through metal-free dearomatization. The reaction also features broad substrate scope, annulation efficiency, and high functional group tolerance.

Quantum lossy left-handed transmission lines (LHTLs) are central to the miniaturized application in microwave band. This work discusses the NRI of the quantized lossy LHTLs in the presence of the resistance and the conductance in a displaced squeezed Fock state (DSFS). And the results show some novel specific quantum characteristics of NRI caused by the DSFS and dissipation, which may be significant for its miniaturized application in a suit of novel microwave devices., Comment: 11 pages,5 figures

To compare the efficacy of directional erythroid differentiation in different serum free culture systems and to screen the optimal culture systems for inducing the differentiation of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenior cells (HSPC) to erythroid cells.The CD34The ability of system 2 to promote the HSPC proliferation was the strongest, the efficacy of system 3 to promote the erythroid differentiation of HSPC was the most optimal; the proliferation ability of cells cultured in system 2 for 2-15 days all was higher than that of cells cutured in system 1 and 3 (P＜0.05). The flow cytometry detection showed that the expression of CD71 and CD235a on surface of cells cultured in system 3 was the highest, the CD235a percentage on day 15 of differentiation in system 3 was (92.33±3.89)%, that in system 2 was (84.67±3.12)%, while that in system 1 was (72.17±6.83)% (P＜0.05). Cell morplologic detection showed that throid differentiation was accelerated on day 12, the percentage of orthochromatic erythrocytes in system 3 was (67.67±2.08)% which was 10.69 and 25.34 times higher than that in system 2 and 1 respectively (P＜0.05). The colony-forming test showed the ratio of BFU-E in system 3 increased gradually on day 3-9 (r=0.99, P＜0.05), which was significanlly higher than that in system 2 and 1 on day 9 (90.35±5.52% vs 77.06±2.26% and 74.50±3.95%).Culture system 3 is the most effective serum-free erythroid differentiation system, and the culture system 2 is the most powerful HSPC proliferation system. This study results provide a technical basis for further efficiently increasing and inducing the erythroid proliferation and differentiation of HSPC, and also provide culture system in vitro for the clinical application and basic research.无血清培养体系对脐带血CD34通过3种无血清红系定向诱导分化培养体系比较，优化培养体系诱导脐带血干/祖细胞（HSPC）体外红系定向分化，以满足基础研究与临床应用.应用磁珠分选脐带血单个核细胞中的CD34体系2促HSPC增殖能力最强，体系3促红系分化效果最佳。体系2培养的细胞增殖能力均明显高于体系1、2（P＜0.05）；FACS分析显示，红系表面分子CD71、CD235a在体系3培养的细胞表面表达最高，分化d 15 CD235a+百分率高达（92.23±3.89）%，体系2为（84.67±3.12）%，体系1为（72.17±6.83）%（P＜0.05）；细胞形态学染色显示，体系3培养的细胞在分化d 12的晚幼红细胞比例为（67.67±2.08）%，是体系2的10.69倍、体系1的25.34倍（P＜0.05）；造血集落形成实验发现在体系3中d 3-9 形成的BFU-E比例逐渐升高（r= 0.99, P＜0.05），体系3中BFU-E形成比率明显高于体系1、2（P＜0.05）.通过比较3种培养体系，筛选出体系3是促进CD34

A photocatalytic method for the aerobic oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds has been developed. Electron-rich aromatic disulfides were employed as photocatalyst. Upon visible-light irradiation, typical mono- and multi-substituted aromatic olefins could be converted into ketones and aldehydes at ambient temperature. Experimental and computational studies suggest that a disulfide–olefin charge-transfer complex is possibly responsible for the unconventional dissociation of S−S bond under visible light.

We report a visible light-induced trifluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation for cysteine conjugation using Ru(bpy)3(2+) as photocatalyst and inexpensive RFI as coupling partner. The protocol allows the introduction of a variety of perfluoro alkyl groups (C1-C10) and a CF2COOEt moiety. The reaction is high yielding (56-94% yield) and fast (2 h in batch, 12 examples). Process intensification in a photomicroreactor accelerated the reaction (5 min reaction time) and increased the yields (8 examples). Quantum yield investigations support a radical chain mechanism.

Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antibodies against aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase commonly associated inflammatory myopathy. In this case report, we describe an adult female with NMOSD concurrent with ASS in which the lesion involved the entire length of the spinal cord. Since B-cell mediated molecular pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of NMOSD and ASS, we suggest that the therapeutically targeted killing of B-cells, such as Rituximab, is effective.

A convenient method for the preparation of sp3-rich heterocycles is reported. The method comprises a photocatalytic difluoroalkylation-induced 1,2-heteroarene migration of allylic alcohols. Here we describe for the first time the benefits of using flow to facilitate such migration reactions, including shorter reaction times, higher selectivities, and opportunities to scale the chemistry.

Background Autosomal recessive Myotonia congenita (Becker’s disease) is caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene. The condition is characterized by muscle stiffness during sustained muscle contraction and variable degree of muscle weakness that tends to improve with repeated contractions. Case presentation A 21-year-old man presented with transient muscle stiffness since the last 10 years. He had difficulty in initiating movement and experienced muscle weakness after rest, which typically improved after repeated contraction (warm-up phenomenon). There was no significant family history. Medical examination showed generalized muscle hypertrophy. Serum creatine kinase level was 2-fold higher than the normal value. Electromyogram showed myotonic discharges. DNA sequence analysis identified a novel splice mutation (c.1401 + 1G > A) and a known mutation (c.1657A > T,p.Ile553Phe). He rapidly responded to treatment with mexiletine 100 mg three times a day for 6 months. Conclusions This case report of autosomal recessive Myotonia congenita caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation expands the genotypic spectrum of CLCN1 gene.

Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) is a rare, autosomal, recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the GNE gene. DMRV is an adult-onset disorder characterized by progressive muscle atrophy and weakness, which initially involves the distal muscles with quadriceps sparing. To date, >150 GNE mutations have been reported in different populations from around the world. The present study investigated the clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of seven unrelated DMRV patients from China. Genetic analysis in these patients revealed three novel mutations (c.455_456insC, p.P421L, and p.A287T) and five previously reported mutations (p.D207V, p.C44S, p.G576R, p.A669P, and p.D218G). In addition, the literature on DMRV was reviewed to provide an overview of the disease and broaden the mutational spectrum of the GNE gene in China.

Background Filamin C-related myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are progressive skeletal myopathies with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The conditions are caused by mutations of the filamin C gene (FLNC) located in the chromosome 7q32-q35 region. Genetic variations in the FLNC gene result in various clinical phenotypes. Case presentation We describe a 43-year-old woman who suffered filamin C-related MFM, with symptoms first presenting in the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and eventually spreading to the upper limbs and distal muscles. The patient’s serum level of creatine kinase was mildly increased. Mildy myopathic changes in the electromyographic exam and moderate lipomatous alterations in lower limb MRI were found. Histopathological examination revealed increased muscle fiber size variability, disturbances in oxidative enzyme activity, and the presence of abnormal protein aggregates and vacuoles in some muscle fibers. Ultrastructural analysis showed inclusions composed of thin filaments and interspersed granular densities. DNA sequencing analysis detected a novel 15-nucleotide deletion (c.2791_2805del, p.931_935del) in the FLNC gene. The patient’s father, sister, brother, three paternal aunts, one paternal uncle, and the uncle’s son also had slowly progressive muscle weakness, and thus, we detected an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern of the disorder. Conclusions A novel heterogeneous 15-nucleotide deletion (c.2791_2805del, p.931_935del) in the Ig-like domain 7 of the FLNC gene was found to cause filamin C-related MFM. This deletion in the FLNC gene causes protein aggregation, abnormalities in muscle structure, and impairment in muscle fiber function, which leads to muscle weakness.

This paper studied and implemented a set of economic operation evaluation system of wind, solar and energy storage combined power generation unit. Firstly, according to the meteorological conditions, the unit output model was set up. Under the established coordinated operation strategy, wind, solar and energy storage combined power generation system was taken into grid as power generation unit with rated capacity. Then, starting from aspects of technical and economic benefit, financial benefit and social benefit, it constructed a comprehensive economic benefit index system. A comprehensive evaluation model was established by combining the subjective and objective value assignment method. Finally, through the development of the evaluation system, it completed the output simulation run on the power generation unit, in addition, it conducted visual analysis and display on evaluation results of different capacity matching schemes. The results showed that the research and development of the system could combine the performance characteristics of wind, solar and energy storage combined power generation technology to form the economic operation evaluation model of the power generation unit which conformed to the scale-up grid entrance, through the scientific process, it could form the evaluation result and then display this in a variety of chart forms to provide decision support for researchers.

The directed difluoroacetamidation of unactivated arenes and heteroarenes with bromodifluoroacetamides via visible-light photoredox catalysis has been efficiently achieved at room temperature. Broad utility of this transformation is presented, including electronically deficient heteroaromatic and aromatic systems. The mechanistic pathway of the difluoroacetamidation was discussed based on photoluminescence quenching, spin-trapping, and kinetic isotope effect experiments.

A metal-free and environmentally friendly aerobic aromatization photosensitized by organic dye eosin Y bis(tetrabutyl ammonium salt) (TBA-eosinY) has been developed. With the aid of K2CO3, the aerobic catalytic system converts 1,4-dihydropyridines to their corresponding pyridine derivatives efficiently under visible light irradiation (lambda=450 nm) at room temperature.

This communication reports a room temperature visible-light-driven protocol for the C-H difluoromethylenephosphonation of arenes and heteroarenes. Using commercially available diethyl bromodifluoromethyl phosphonate as a precursor of difluoromethyl radical, fac-Ir(ppy)3 as a photosensitizer and a 3 W blue LED as a light source, an array of aromatic compounds containing difluoromethylenephosphonyl groups were prepared directly from the corresponding arenes and heteroarenes in excellent to moderate yields.

Negative refractive index (NRI) of the quantized lossless mesoscopic left-handed transmission line (LHTL) is deduced numerically in thermal Fock state. Some specific quantum features of NRI dependent the temperature, frequency of the electromagnetic wave and photon numbers, and quantum fluctuations are shown in the lossless LHTL. The results are significant for the miniaturizing applications of LHTL and quantum circuits., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

We report a visible light-induced trifluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation for cysteine conjugation using Ru(bpy)32+ as photocatalyst and inexpensive RFI as coupling partner. The protocol allows the introduction of a variety of perfluoro alkyl groups (C1–C10) and a CF2COOEt moiety. The reaction is high yielding (56–94% yield) and fast (2 h in batch, 12 examples). Process intensification in a photomicroreactor accelerated the reaction (5 min reaction time) and increased the yields (8 examples). Quantum yield investigations support a radical chain mechanism.

We report an operationally simple, visible-light-driven protocol for intramolecular C–H difluoroacetamidation of arenes for the synthesis of biologically relevant 3,3-difluoro-2-oxindoles at room temperature. Using fac-Ir(ppy)3 as a photocatalyst and a 3 W blue LED as a light source, an array of difluoroxindoles was prepared from rapidly available tertiary aryl bromodifluoroacetamides in moderate to excellent yields.

The distribution and development of secretory cells and crystal cells in young shoot apexes of water hyacinth were investigated through morphological and cytological analysis. The density of secretory cells and crystal cells were high in parenchyma tissues around the vascular bundles of shoot apexes. Three developmental stages of the secretory cells can be distinguished under transmission electron microscopy. Firstly, a large number of electron-dense vesicles formed in the cytoplasm, then fused with the tonoplast and released into the vacuole in the form of electron-dense droplets. As these droplets fused together, a large mass of dark material completely filled the vacuole. To this end, a secretion storage vacuole (SSV) formed. Secondly, an active secretion stage accompanied with degradation of the large electron-dense masses through an ill-defined autophagic process at periphery and in the limited internal regions of the SSV. Finally, after most storage substances were withdrawn, the materials remaining in the spent SSV consisted of an electron-dense network structure. The distribution and development of crystal cells in shoot apical tissue of water hyacinth were also studied by light and electron microscopy. Crystals initially formed at one site in the vacuole, where tube-like membrane structures formed crystal chambers. The chamber enlarged as the crystal grew in bidirectional manner and formed needle-shaped raphides. Most of these crystals finally occurred as raphide bundles, and the others appeared as block-like rhombohedral crystals in the vacuole. These results suggest that the formation of both secretory cells and crystal cells are involved in the metamorphosis of vacuoles and a role for vacuoles in water hyacinth rapid growth and tolerance.

We report an operationally simple, visible-light-driven protocol for intramolecular C–H difluoroacetamidation of arenes for the synthesis of biologically relevant 3,3-difluoro-2-oxindoles at room temperature. Using fac-Ir(ppy)3 as a photocatalyst and a 3 W blue LED as a light source, an array of difluoroxindoles was prepared from rapidly available tertiary aryl bromodifluoroacetamides in moderate to excellent yields.

12 Pyridine derivatives of type (II) are prepared from the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines by aerobic aromatization photosensitized by the organic dye TBA-eosin Y.

The mild, scalable method tolerates a broad scope of electron-rich and electron-deficient aromatic and heteroaromatic systems.

The reaction proceeds through a significant enhanced photo-induced electron transfer from the starting material to the excited state of TBA-eosin Y (TEY) with aid of the base.

Hydroxyalkylation of aromatic alkenes and following transesterification allows the direct γ-lactone formation via a light promoted photoredox reaction in the presence of an Ir-catalyst.