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PM2.5, a major component of air pollutants, has caused severe health problems. It has been reported that PM2.5 index is closely associated with severity of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been addressed. NLRP3 inflammasome and type I interferon signaling regulate host defense against influenza infection. The present study investigated the potential effects of air pollutants on host defense against influenza infection in vitro and in vivo. In this study, different concentrations of PM2.5 were pre-exposed to macrophages and mice before IAV infection to assess the negative effects of air pollutants in virus infection. We found that exposure to PM2.5 deteriorated influenza virus infection via compromising innate immune responses manifested by a decrease IL-1β and IFN-β production in vitro. Meanwhile, mice exposed with PM2.5 were susceptible to PR8 virus infection due to down-regulation of IL-1β and IFN-β. Mechanistically, PM 2.5 exposure suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the AHR-TIPARP signaling pathway, by which compromised the anti-influenza immunity. Thus, our study revealed that PM2.5 could alter macrophage inflammatory responses by suppressing LPS-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of IFN-β during influenza infection. These findings provided us new insights in understanding that PM2.5 combining with influenza infection could enhance the severity of pneumonia.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) has emerged as a pressing challenge to pulmonary infection and lung damage. The LL37 peptide is an efficient antimicrobial agent against PA strains, but its application is limited because of fast clearance in vivo, biosafety concerns, and low bioavailability. Thus, an albumin-based nanodrug delivery system with reduction sensitivity was developed by forming intermolecular disulfide bonds to increase in vivo LL37 performance against PA. Cationic LL37 can be efficiently encapsulated via electrostatic interactions to exert improved antimicrobial effects. The LL37 peptide exhibits greater than 48 h of sustained released from LL37 peptide nanoparticles (LL37 PNP), and prolonged antimicrobial effects were noted as the incubation time increased. Levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by peritoneal macrophages, including TNF-α and IL-6, were reduced significantly after LL37 PNP treatment following PA stimulation, indicating that LL37 PNP inhibits PA growth and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In a murine model of acute PA lung infection, LL37 PNP significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β expression and alleviated lung damage. The accelerated clearance of PA indicates that LL37 PNP could improve PA lung infection and the subsequent inflammation response more efficiently compared with free LL37 peptide. In conclusion, this excellent biocompatible LL37 delivery strategy may serve as an alternative approach for the application of new types of clinical treatment in future.

This paper introduces the application of orderly arranged diamond bit and the technology of realizing diamond orderly arrangement in bit. Two kinds of conventional bits and one bit with diamond orderly arrangement were used in the test to drill reinforced concrete. By experimental results: under the same conditions (same matrix, same diamond grade and concentration), the drilling speed of orderly arranged diamond bit is increased by 13.1%, the life is increased by 11.5%, compared with the conventional diamond bit. The drilling speed of orderly arranged diamond bit is increased by 15.8%, the life is increased by 8.9%, compared with the conventional bit which the matrix is same but the diamond concentration is 5% higher. On the basis of saving diamond and reducing cost of bit, orderly arrangement can still improve the efficiency and life of drill bit, it embodies the superiority of diamond bit with diamond orderly arrangement.

We derive the chiral kinetic equation in 8 dimensional phase space in non-Abelian $SU(N)$ gauge field within the Wigner function formalism. By using the "covariant gradient expansion", we disentangle the Wigner equations in four-vector space up to the first order and find that only the time-like component of the chiral Wigner function is independent while other components can be explicit derivative. After further decomposing the Wigner function or equations in color space, we present the non-Abelian covariant chiral kinetic equation for the color singlet and multiplet phase-space distribution functions. These phase-space distribution functions have non-trivial Lorentz transformation rules when we define them in different reference frames. The chiral anomaly from non-Abelian gauge field arises naturally from the Berry monopole in Euclidian momentum space in the vacuum or Dirac sea contribution. The anomalous currents as non-Abelian counterparts of chiral magnetic effect and chiral vortical effect have also been derived from the non-Abelian chiral kinetic equation., Comment: 19 pages, no figures

A new two-dimensional coordination polymer with formula of Cu4I4(3-bpcd)2•C2H5OH•1.5CH3CN (1) (3-bpcd=N,N'-bis(pyridin-3-yl) cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxamide), has been synthesized at room temperature and structurally characterized. Crystallography study shows that 1 contains Cu4I4 clusters, which geometry significantly different from reported those called “cubane”, “stairstep” and “fliggy octahedron”. The Cu4I4 clusters in the structure of 1 were connected by semi-rigid ligand (3-bpcd) to form a two dimensional layer (4, 4) net, while Cu4I4 clusters are regarded as 4-connected nodes. These layers further stack in an ABAB fashion and each layer connect by hydrogen bond to generate a three dimensional framework. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that 1 processes high thermal stability up to about 320°C. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the framework of structure of 1 could be stable in water/ethanol. The luminescent properties study of 1 show that the fluorescence intensity decreased with increase of the concentration of metal ions. Further study indicated that 1 could be used as a fluorescent probe and has high selectively effect on Fe(III) ions in ethanol, as well as in water. Download : Download high-res image (126KB) Download : Download full-size image

Background Patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by viruses can develop severe complications, which result in hospitalization and death. The purpose of this study was to analyse the aetiology, incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of CAP patients with fever during non-pandemics, and then to provide theoretical basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment in CAP patients. Methods An enrolment system was established for monitoring the CAP patients with fever. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) kits were used to detect 10 viruses [influenza A and B, adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and B, picornavirus, parainfluenza virus (PIV), coronavirus, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and bocavirus]. Data on age, gender, underlying diseases, complications, laboratory indexes, and outcomes were collected by physicians. Results This prospective study included 320 patients with fever. Among them, 23.4% were viral-positive by mPCR, with influenza virus most prominent followed by picornavirus. Strong variation in seasonal distribution was shown in viral infections, with peak months from December to February. Patients with influenza infection were likely to be taken to emergency rooms and have respiratory failure with higher creatinine kinase levels and lower white blood cell counts. Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by haemophilus influenzae were the most common bacteria in viral co-infections, which accounted for one third of virus-positive patients. Viral CAP and mixed CAP were not independent factors for death. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) >246 IU/L [odds ratio (OR) =7.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15-23.2, P=0.001], and serum calcium

C18H20N4O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.8951(5) Å, b = 9.9303(7) Å, c = 10.5446(7) Å, β = 105.508(7)°, V = 796.61(10) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0357, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0923, T = 298(2) K.

The incidence of Aspergillus fumigatus infection and the rate of resistance to antifungal drugs have sharply increased in recent years. LL37 has been reported as a host defense peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. However, the role of LL37 during A. fumigatus infection remains unclear. Here, we examined the interaction between LL37 and A. fumigatus and found that synthetic LL37 could directly bind to the surface of A. fumigatus, disrupting the integrity of the cell wall in vitro. LL37 inhibited mycelial growth in a concentration-dependent manner, rather than fungicidal effect even at high concentration (e.g., 20 μM). Interestingly, low concentrations of LL37 (e.g., 4 μM) significantly attenuated mycelial adhesion and prevented the invasion and destruction of epithelial cells. Following LL37 treatment, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines released by A. fumigatus-stimulated macrophages decreased significantly, accompanied by downregulation of M1 type markers. In a mouse model of pulmonary A. fumigatus infection, LL37-treated mice showed lower amounts of fungi load, moderate pathological damage, and reduced proinflammatory cytokines. Further, LL37 transgenic mice (LL37+/+) were examined to investigate the effects of endogenous LL37 in an A. fumigatus infection model and showed lower susceptibility to A. fumigatus infection in comparison with wild-type mice. In addition, LL37 also played a protective role in an immunosuppressed mouse model of A. fumigatus infection. Thus, LL37 inhibits A. fumigatus infection via directly binding to mycelia and reducing excessive inflammation. LL37 or its analogs may therefore constitute potential drug components for A. fumigatus infection.

The incidence of Aspergillus fumigatus infection and the rate of resistance to antifungal drugs have sharply increased in recent years. LL37 has been reported as a host defense peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. However, the role of LL37 during A. fumigatus infection remains unclear. Here, we examined the interaction between LL37 and A. fumigatus and found that synthetic LL37 could directly bind to the surface of A. fumigatus, disrupting the integrity of the cell wall in vitro. LL37 inhibited mycelial growth in a concentration-dependent manner, rather than fungicidal effect even at high concentration (e.g., 20 μM). Interestingly, low concentrations of LL37 (e.g., 4 μM) significantly attenuated mycelial adhesion and prevented the invasion and destruction of epithelial cells. Following LL37 treatment, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines released by A. fumigatus-stimulated macrophages decreased significantly, accompanied by downregulation of M1 type markers. In a mouse model of pulmonary A. fumigatus infection, LL37-treated mice showed lower amounts of fungi load, moderate pathological damage, and reduced proinflammatory cytokines. Further, LL37 transgenic mice (LL37+/+) were examined to investigate the effects of endogenous LL37 in an A. fumigatus infection model and showed lower susceptibility to A. fumigatus infection in comparison with wild-type mice. In addition, LL37 also played a protective role in an immunosuppressed mouse model of A. fumigatus infection. Thus, LL37 inhibits A. fumigatus infection via directly binding to mycelia and reducing excessive inflammation. LL37 or its analogs may therefore constitute potential drug components for A. fumigatus infection.

Pillared layer metal–organic frameworks (PL-MOFs), belonging to one representative of porous materials, have witnessed major advances in the past few years. They can be classified into subsets – 3D pillared layers, 2D pillared bilayers, and interpenetrated and interdigitated layers. By choosing the molecular structures and chemical properties of the modular organic ligands used in PL-MOFs, high porosity and large internal surface areas can be achieved, while the shape, size, and surface of the channels can be modified to enhance their physical properties. The structural flexibility and response to different guests and external physical stimuli render PL-MOFs good candidates for investigating solid state structural transformations and reactions. In this review, we explore how modular ligand design leads to various PL-MOFs. The importance of PL-MOFs will be highlighted by their special functions including magnetism, sorption, separation, sensing, catalysis etc. We will also introduce recent findings on PL-MOFs in dynamic structural transformations, step-by-step assembly, and preparation of hybridized MOFs and nano-films. Introduction to the international collaboration Our collaborative work started in earnest after our meeting at ICMM2010 in Beijing. The complementarity of the interests of our two groups led to a successful development of the chemistry and physics of metal–organic frameworks and clusters, involving the design, elaboration, characterization and studies of the structural and physical properties of the novel materials. In particular, studies were directed at multi-functionalities such as structural properties, electrical conductivity, magnetism and in some cases optical properties. In the six years of this collaborative work, funded by the Guangxi Province (China) and the CNRS (France), 22 papers have been published, several in high-impact factor journals and citations exceeding 700. As well as excelling on the international level, the groundwork has been the development of students. The present review is a collection of materials with one common interest in the area concerned with layered structures and their properties and presented in the context of what are present-day studies internationally.

According to the low efficiency of vegetable leaf image data mining problems, proposed an improved algorithm based on Apriori algorithm to get greatly related groups. Using rough intensive set algorithm and further processing, excavated every attribute correlation of disease by reasonable divided attribute interval. conclusion shows that the most associated with the suffering degree of size and color, grayscale average.

In order to realize the accurate identification of the image color vegetable diseases in Greenhouse, In this paper, by using computer image processing technology in the intelligent recognition of vegetable diseases in greenhouse leaf, First, the moving average method can effectively remove the noise by the image of R,G, B three channel gray level, Then separate three channel image using Sobel-operator and the 4 template based on the direction of gradient magnitude ,and then integrate the three channel edge ,it can overcome the shortcoming of traditional gray image information, and make up the deficiency of the traditional Sobel operator edge thinning geometric features.

In this paper, faced with the modeling problems of analysis and calculation for iron losses in variable-frequency motor under no-sinusoidal excitation, the author points out a method that the iron losses can be calculated under any magnetic field ,that is waveform-Harmonic analysis method. In consideration of the impact of Power supply harmonics, Core saturation and Skin Effect, the author proposes a new parameter -- Harmonic Loss Correction Factor. From the comparisons between the prototype test results and the theoretical results show that this method has high accuracy and strong feasibility.

To explore the clinical effects of surgical treatment with cable dragged reduction and cantilever beam internal fixation by posterior approach for odontoid fracture associated with atlantoaxial dislocation.The clinical data of 12 patients with odontoid fracture associated with atlantoaxial dislocation from January 2008 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 21 to 53 years with an average of 37.2 years. Eleven cases were fresh fracture and 1 case was old fracture, all patients complicated with atlantoaxial anterior dislocation. According to Anderson-D' Alonzo typing method modified by Grauer, 3 cases were type IIA, 5 cases were type IIB, 3 cases were type IIC, and 1 case was type IIIA. All patients underwent surgical treatment with cable dragged reduction and cantilever beam internal fixation by posterior approach. JOA score and ADI method were respectively used to evaluate the nerve function and reductive condition of atlantoaxial dislocation.All patients were followed up from 6 months to 2 years with an average of 1 year and 3 months. At 1 week, 6 months after operation, and final follow up, JOA scores were 13.2±1.3, 13.5±1.4, 14.3±1.5, respectively, and these data were obviously better than that of preoperative 8.3±1.4(Surgical treatment with cable dragged reduction and cantilever beam internal fixation by posterior approach for odontoid fracture associated with atlantoaxial dislocation is a good method, with advantage of firm fixation and high safety. It could obtain good clinical effects.

Insulin is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with its usage reaching 30-50% in Western countries. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between insulin dosage (ID)/insulin usage time (IT) and coronary artery lesions in patients of type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease. Based on the insulin using dosage, 353 type 2 diabetes patients were divided into the high-dose (≥0.5 IU/kg) and low-dose (

An extracellular carboxylesterase from the moderately halophile Thalassobacillus sp. strain DF-E4 was purified to 8-fold with 11% recovery and specific activity of 2,046 U mg−1. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was approximately 49 kDa as determined by analytical ultracentrifugation, while SDS-PAGE analysis showed a single protein band corresponding to a molecular mass of 45 kDa, suggesting that the enzyme was a monomer. Among the pNP (p-nitrophenyl) esters tested, p-nitrophenyl butyrate (C4) was hydrolyzed most effectively, with K m and V max values of 0.69 mM and 0.84 μmol min−1 mg−1, respectively, and the optimum activity occurred at pH 8.5, 40°C and 0.5 M NaCl (w/v). The enzyme activity appeared to be stable over pH 6.0–9.5 and up to 45°C for 1 h. Tests of substrate specificity and inhibitor susceptibility revealed it was a serine-type carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1), rather than a lipase. None of the divalent cations tested enhanced the enzyme activity, while most of them had no effect or slightly inhibited the activity. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by PMSF, PAO and DEPC, implying that serine, cysteine and histidine residues at the active site were essential for catalysis.

Elimination of selectable marker genes (SMGs) is important for the safe assessment and commercial use of transgenic plants. The destructive and invasive Colorado potato beetle (CPB) poses a serious threat to potato production. In response to this need, selectable marker-free transgenic potato lines expressing cry3A were developed to control the damage and spread of CPB.We simultaneously introduced cry3A and npt II genes harboured in different plasmids into the potato genome using the Agrobacterium-mediated cotransformation method. Four selectable marker-free transgenic potato (CT) lines expressing cry3A were developed by self-crossing segregation and molecular analyses, including Southern blot, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. CT lines were used in a resistance bioassay against CPB in the laboratory and field. In the laboratory, CT lines exhibited high resistance to CPB, and 100% mortality of first-instar larvae occurred 6 days after infestation. In the field, untransformed plant leaves were almost entirely consumed, with an average of 155 larvae present per plant 25 days after inoculation. However, CT lines showed no damage symptoms, with approximately 2.5 larvae surviving per plant.We successfully eliminated SMGs from the transgenic potato lines expressing cry3A in order to decrease CPB damage, control the spread of this pest eastwards and alleviate the concern regarding the safe assessment of regulatory requirements. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Climate change is one of the most significant factors for the migration of the suitable planted areas of maize. The hyper-resolution data of daily mean precipitation, temperature, soil, and topography that supported by Institute of Soil Science and National Climate Center were collected to assess the effect of climate change on migration of the suitable planted maize areas, and it provides a foundation for macro-management decisions of agriculture. Climate data mentioned above was simulated by regional climate model, which showed the experiments of the twentieth century and the forecast tests of twenty-first century. Based on the factors above, relevant criteria, suitability levels, and their weights for each factor were defined. And the database of climate and soil was established. In this article, we use the multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) approach based on GIS to identify the suitable planting areas for maize in China. The results demonstrated that the most suitable degrees of active accumulated temperature, maximum and minimum temperature in growth period moving north dramatically, and the precipitation moving slightly in the future, which will lead to the planting areas of maize moving northward, and the areas were increased by 4.61 × 105 km2.

In this study, it gets the distribution of suitable planting areas for soybean by taking the soybean, one of the Chinese major food crops, as the object of study, adopting the multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method, combining the climate, soil and crop growing conditions, and making use of the geographical information system (GIS) technology. The time zone for future climate chosen in this study is between 2071 and 2100. This chapter gets the distribution of suitable planting areas for soybean in the future presuming that the sunlight, soil, topography, and other factors are the same as those between 1971 and 2000 while the precipitation (PRE) and temperature change. In addition, it has compared it with the suitable planting areas at present. The results show that under the future climate conditions, the most suitable planting areas for spring soybean mainly concentrate in Inner Mongolia near to Jilin as well as the southeast of Gansu and southern Ningxia. Compared with the former suitable planting areas, the overall most suitable planting areas for spring soybean is moving to northwest. Under the future climate conditions, the total suitable planting area for Chinese spring soybean is 5,957,960 km2, taking 79.35 % of the total area. Under the future climate conditions, the most suitable planting area for summer soybean mainly concentrate in western Jilin, western Liaoning, part of Hebei, Beijing, eastern Shandong, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, central of Fujian, part of Anhui, southern Hunan, northern Guangxi, southeast of Guizhou, Chongqing, Hubei, and part of Shanxi. The most suitable planting areas for summer soybean are scattered without obvious regularity and extend to Liaoning, Jilin, and northern Hebei to the north and to Shandong peninsula to the east and to the Yangtze River region to the south. The total suitable planting area of summer soybean is 6,118,013 km2 taking 81.47 % of the total.

Background Augmentation of androgen/androgen receptor (AR) pathway may influence chronic hepatitis B (CHB) more likely in males. AR activity is modulated by a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence in AR exon 1. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum testosterone levels, CAG repeat numbers and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute liver failure (ALF). Methods Three hundred and seventy eight male CHB patients with ALF and 441 asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsCs) were recruited. AR CAG repeats numbers were analyzed. The serum testosterone levels of AsCs, ALFs and patients with hepatitis B flare groups, and sequential serum samples, were assessed quantitatively. Results The median CAG repeat (M-CAG) frequency was significantly higher in ALF patients than AsCs (P

To study the correlation between noise and blood pressure and/or hypertension, and its age characteristic.The pure tone audiometric and blood pressure examinations were performed in 14537 workers from 157 factories. Hearing impairment was used as a surrogate indicator of cumulated noise exposure. The associations of hearing impairment and duration of noise exposure with blood pressure and hypertension were analyzed respectively after age and gender stratification.Most of the objects were males (81.2%), younger than 35 years old (77.8%), and the duration of exposure to noise was less than 5 years (73.6%). The prevalence of hearing impairment in males was significantly higher than that in males, and increased with age and duration of noise exposure. Only in males with age younger than 35 years old, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of subjects with sensorineural hearing loss significantly enhanced, and the diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension increased with duration of noise exposure. The risk of hypertension in males with sensorineural hearing loss significantly increased, the odds ratios in subjects with age younger than 35 years old and with age older than 35 years old were 3.0 (95%CI: 1.5 ∼ 6.1) and 2.1 (95%CI: 1.2 ∼ 3.4), respectively.The severe hearing impairment induced by noise was associated with hypertension. It is suggested that people should pay attention to the effects of noise on hypertension in young workers.

To investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the migration of HaCaT cell and its possible mechanism.Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used as the donor of NO. Different concentrations of SNP (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0 micromol/L) were added into nutrient culture medium of HaCaT cells. Cell migration rate was observed and calculated at post scratching hour (PSH) 0 (immediately after scratching), 6, 12, 24, 48. The most suitable concentration of SNP and culture duration were selected as stimulation condition. Cytoskeletons of HaCaT cells were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope. The expressions of integrin beta 1, RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 of cells in experiment group (cultured with 10.0 micromol/L SNP for 24 hours) and negative control group were determined at mRNA and protein levels with RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measure ANOVA.Migration rate of HaCaT cells in each group increased gradually as time after scratching went on. There were significant differences between PSH 6-48 and PSH 0 in cells cultured with 10.0 micromol/L SNP (F = 31.002, P values all below 0.05). Pili were rarely observed in negative control group with slender stress fibers in cells. In comparison, the amount of pili amount increased obviously in experiment group with thickened stress fibers. Compared with those of cells in control group (RhoA protein expression = 0.64 +/- 0.04), integrin beta 1 expression decreased obviously (F = 8.25, P = 0.015), RhoA (0.92 +/- 0.04), Cdc42 and Rac1 were up-regulated at both protein (with F value respectively 7.25, 14.10, 6.50, P values all below 0.05) and mRNA levels (with F value respectively 23.67, 10.39, 9.52, P values all below 0.05).Exogenous NO in suitable concentration can promote the proliferation and migration of HaCaT cell, suggesting it exerts significant effect in wound repair. The changed cytoskeletons and the down-regulated integrin beta 1 expression may be involved in this process.

To study the effects of calcium and calmodulin dependent kinase against hypoxic neuronal injury and its possible mechanisms.Embryonic cortical neurons of 17-day pregnant embryo Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in vitro and the cultured neurons were randomly allocated into different groups that exposed to hypoxia or hypoxia +calcium channel antagonist. Nimodipine and MK-801 were used to block the L-voltage sensitive calcium channel and NMDA receptor respectively before hypoxia. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to determine the cell viability. Fluo-4AM, an intracellular calcium indictor, was used to detect the changes of intracellular calcium after hypoxia. The expressions of CaMKII and CaMKIV were detected by Western blot.The cell viability of the nimodipine or MK-801-treated groups was significantly higher than that of the untreated hypoxia group. The intracellular calcium level of the nimodipine-treated group decreased rapidly after hypoxia. Compared to nimodipine treatment, MK-801 treatment could inhibit hypoxia-induced calcium influx for a longer time. Nimodipine treatment decreased the CaMKII expression while MK-801 treatment decreased the CaMKIV expression.Nimodipine and MK-801 protect neurons from hypoxic injury possibly by the inhibition of CaMKII and CaMKIV expressions respectively.

To study the effects of noise on bioactivity of norepinephrine (NE) and cardiovascular system.A total of 130 workers exposed to the occupational noise in one enterprise were selected as noise exposure group, and 134 workers not exposed to the occupational noise and other poisons served as control group. Fasting venous blood was drawn to determine the content of NE in peripheral blood with ELISA. According to Occupational Health Surveillance Manage regulations, the occupational noise exposures crowd was examined.The average of NE in exposure group was (0.1387 +/- 0.099) ng/ml, and (0.1019 +/- 0.080) ng/ml in control group. There was significant difference in NE between exposure and control group. There was significant difference in the detection rate of BP, HR and ECG between exposure and control group.The occupation noise can increase the NE in peripheral blood, and maybe affects the cardiovascular system in this way.

To investigate the neuroprotective function of BDNF on hypoxic- cultured neurons in vitro.The embryonic cerebral cortical neurons of rat were cultured in vitro in hypoxic and non-hypoxic environments and were observed under transmission electron microscope. MTT colorimetry was used to detect the viability of the neurons. Both DAPI colorated measurement and TUNEL methods were used to calculate the percentages of neuron apoptosis. Three groups were designed and compared: Group A - normal control; Group B - exposed to hypoxia; Group C-BDNF intervened (with different dosages and durations) and exposed to hypoxia.The ultrastructural alterations of the hypoxic cultured neurons indicated that hypoxia induced necrosis, apoptosis or both. The neurons were most sensitive to hypoxia at the initial 10 hours. At six hours after hypoxic cultures, Group C had significant greater livability of neurons and less percentages of neuron apoptosis than Group B (P0.05).Hypoxia damages embryonic cerebral cortical neurons of rat in vitro. Extrinsic BDNF plays a neuroprotective role against hypoxic-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.

To study human factor accident/incident occurred during 1990-2001 using new classification standard.The human factor accident/incident classification standard is developed on the basis of Reason's Model, combining with CAAC's traditional classifying method, and applied to the classified statistical analysis for 361 flying incidents and 35 flight accidents of China civil aviation, which is induced by human factors and occurred from 1990 to 2001.1) the incident percentage of taxi and cruise is higher than that of takeoff, climb and descent. 2) The dominating type of flight incidents is diverging of runway, overrunning, near-miss, tail/wingtip/engine strike and ground obstacle impacting. 3) The top three accidents are out of control caused by crew, mountain collision and over runway. 4) Crew's basic operating skill is lower than what we imagined, the mostly representation is poor correcting ability when flight error happened. 5) Crew errors can be represented by incorrect control, regulation and procedure violation, disorientation and diverging percentage of correct flight level.The poor CRM skill is the dominant factor impacting China civil aviation safety, this result has a coincidence with previous study, but there is much difference and distinct characteristic in top incident phase, the type of crew error and behavior performance compared with that of advanced countries. We should strengthen CRM training for all of pilots aiming at the Chinese pilot behavior characteristic in order to improve the safety level of China civil aviation.

The two disease-resistance genes chitinase and glucanase, which were respectively directed by commelina yellow mottle virus promoter (CoYMV, vascular specific) and CaMV35S promoter, were introduced into cotton genome via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transgenic plants were obtained from two popularly cultivated varieties Jihe321 and CRIC35. After screening by spraying kanamycin over unfolding leaves, the kanamycin resistance (KmR) plants were tested by PCR and Southern blot. The results showed that there were one or two inserts of transgenes in cotton genome. Performance test of resistance of T3 families in field and greenhouse showed that seven lines were resistant or tolerant to Verticillium dahliea. Meanwhile, the resistance at seedling stage in greenhouse was in accordance with that at the boll-setting stage in field. Among the seven lines, D9910, D9915 and D9919 had a disease resistance index of 6.5, 9.4 and 9.5, respectively in field, which showed a high resistance level. Genetics analysis of the three lines showed a classical Mendelian pattern of one pair of genes, which meant that each of the three lines contains one copy of transgene. Southern blotting also confirmed the copy number of inserts.

A plant expression vector containing a chemeric Bt29K gene coding for the active Cry1Ac protein and the arrowhead proteinase inhibition gene API-B was introduced into an elite cotton cultivar Jihe 321 by Agrobactertium tumefaciens. Some insect-resistant cotton lines were developed. Segregation and stabilization of insect-resistant genes in six transformation lines were studied. Based on the results of kanamycin resistant test and insect bioassay using Heliethis armigera, PCR detection and Southern-blot, we found that the inheritance and segregation of Bt gene were complicated, some transformants were in accordance with Mendelian patterns of inheritance in the ratio of insect-resistant plants to non-resistant plants in Ti progeny, yet others were non-Mendelian patterns. But the inheritance and segregation of Bt gene in homozygous transformation lines were one or two pairs of major dominant genes through crossing of insect resistant homozygous lines with non-transformation cotton variety. That the insect resistance phenotype was conditioned by one or two pairs of dominant genes was ascertained in this study. There were two copies of Bt genes in two transformation lines DR248 and DR193, which was reported for the first time. The results were confirmed by Southern-blot. Through observation of segregation population of transgenic plants at different generations, we found that the exogenous Bt gene in cotton genome showed unstable in inheritance in early generations, but the gene could be stabilized through resistance screening generation by generation. The unstability of Bt gene may mean that it need time for the gene to compatibilize cotton genome.

To describe the transfer of ab-initio pilot selection methods from Germany to China.The different phases of test development and evaluation were carried out by the DLR Department of Aviation and Space Psychology in cooperation with the Civil Aviation Flying College (CAFC). The DLR/LH test-system covers factors of aviation related knowledge, operational abilities, personality, and psychomotor abilities. After the translation into Chinese and necessary cultural adaptations a sample of 125 Chinese student pilots was examined in 1996. Standardized feedback data was gathered over a time period of two years in practical flight training.In comparison to reliabilities of the German version, differences can be observed for all knowledge related test forms. Especially tests of technical and mathematical knowledge have somewhat lower reliabilities in China. On the other hand the reliabilities for the personality questionnaire as well as for the tests of memory, mental concentration, and spatial abilities seem to be equivalent with the German versions. In relation to flight instructor ratings for all students who passed the selection, the overall rate of accurate predictions is 71% (Cramer's V=0.35, P0.01). The best psychometric predictors found in this research for different phases of the Chinese ab-initio pilot training (from academic study up to advanced twin-engine operation) are psychomotor coordination in multiple tasks settings, mental concentration, spatial abilities, and English language comprehension.The results supported the assumption that the selection tests for ab-initio pilots can be transferred into a different culture without significant loss of reliability or validity.

Various anatomic anomalies have been considered the causes of nutcracker syndrome (NCS). Posterior NCS refers to the condition, in which vascular narrowing was secondary to the compression of the retroaortic left renal vein while it is crossing between the aorta and the vertebral column. Here, we report an unusual case of posterior NCS associated with a complicated malformation of the interrupted left inferior vena cava with azygos continuation and retroaortic right renal vein, diagnosed by both color Doppler ultrasonography and CT angiography.

We report a case of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the liver. A 17-year-old man with a solid mass in the anterior segment of the right liver was asymptomatic with negative laboratory examinations with the exception of positive HBV. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) revealed a hypervascular lesion in the arterial phase and hypoechoic features during the portal and late phases. However, enhanced spiral computed tomography (CT) showed hypoattenuation in all three phases. Following biopsy, immunohistochemical evaluation demonstrated positive CD117. Different imaging features of primary GISTs of the liver are due to pathological properties and different working systems between CEUS and enhanced spiral CT.