Search

To develop and validate a nomogram incorporating circulating tumour cell counts (CTCs) and the ultrasomics signatures of contrast-enhancement ultrasound (CEUS) for predicting postoperative early recurrence (ER) of HCC after radical treatment. Methods Between December 2017 and December 2018, 153 HCC patients (134 males and 19 females; mean age, 56.0 ± 10.2 years; range, 28–78 years) treated with radical therapy were enrolled in our retrospective study and were divided into a training cohort (n = 107) and a validation cohort (n = 46). All patients underwent preoperative CTC tests and CEUS examinations before treatment. The ultrasomics signature was extracted and built from CEUS images. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the significant variables related to ER, which were then combined to build a predictive nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by its discrimination, calibration and clinical utility. The predictive model was further evaluated in the internal validation cohort. Results HBV DNA, serum AFP level, CTC status, tumour size and ultrasomics score were identified as independent predictors associated with ER (all p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the CTC status (OR = 7.02 [95% CI, 2.07 to 28.38], p = 0.003) and ultrasomics score (OR = 148.65 [95% CI, 25.49 to 1741.72], p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for ER. The nomogram based on ultrasomics score, CTC status, serum AFP level and tumour size exhibited C-indexes of 0.933 (95% CI, 0.878 to 0.988) and 0.910 (95% CI, 0.765 to 1.055) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, fitting well in calibration curves. Decision curve analysis further confirmed the clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Conclusion The nomogram incorporating CTC, ultrasomics features and independent clinical risk factors achieved satisfactory preoperative prediction of ER in HCC patients after radical treatment. Advances in knowledge 1. CTC status and ultrasomics score were identified as independent predictors associated with ER of HCC after radical treatment. 2. The nomogram constructed by ultrasomics score generated by 17 ultrasomics features, combined with CTCs and independent clinical risk factors such as AFP and tumour size. 3. The nomogram exhibited satisfactory discriminative power, and could be clinically useful in the preoperative prediction of ER after radical treatment in HCC patients.

At present, many neuron models have been proposed, which can be divided into discrete neuron models and continuous neuron models. Discrete neuron models have the advantage of faster simulation speed and the ease of understanding complex dynamic phenomena. Due to the properties of memorability, nonvolatility, and local activity, locally active discrete memristors (LADMs) are also suitable for simulating synapses. In this paper, we use an LADM to mimic synapses and establish a Rulkov neural network model. It is found that the change of coupling strength and the initial state of the LADM leads to multiple firing patterns of the neural network. In addition, considering the influence of neural network parameters and the initial state of the LADM, numerical analysis methods such as phase diagram and timing diagram are used to study the phase synchronization. As the system parameters and the initial states of the LADM change, the LADM coupled Rulkov neural network exhibits synchronization transition and synchronization coexistence.

BackgroundA great number of studies have explored the association between frailty and mortality among COVID-19 patients, suggesting inconsistent results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence on this issue. MethodsThree databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to 20th October, 2020 were conducted to search for relevant literature. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess quality bias, and STATA was employed to pool the effect size. Additionally, potential publication bias and sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsThere are 11 studies that were included, with a total of 22105 COVID-19 patients for quantitative analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of frailty was 51% (95%CI:42%-60%). Patients infected with COVID-19 with frailty had an increased risk of mortality, compared to those without frailty, and the pooled HR was 2.27 (95%CI:1.79-2.89). In addition, subgroup analysis based on population showed that the pooled HR for hospitalized patients and nursing home residents was 2.24 (95%CI:1.74-2.89) and 2.95 (95%CI:1.19-7.32), respectively. Subgroup analysis using the frailty assessment tool indicated that this association still existed when using the clinical frailty scale (CFS)(HR=2.41;95%CI:1.60-3.62), frailty index(HR=2.95;95%CI:1.19-7.32), hospital frailty risk score (HR=1.96;95%CI:1.79-2.15) and palliative performance scale (HR= 2.89;95%CI:1.42-5.87). Conclusion Our study indicates that frailty was an independent predictor for mortality among patients with COVID-19. Thus, frailty could be a prognostic factor for clinicians to stratify high-risk groups, and remind doctors and nurses to perform early screening and corresponding interventions urgently needed to reduce mortality rates in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.

To observe the effect of warming needling therapy on gastrointestinal reaction after hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients of spleen and stomach deficiency syndrome after colon cancer surgery.A total of 120 cases of HIPEC were randomized into observation group and control group, 60 cases in each. The patients of the two groups all received HIPEC. In the observation group, 1 h before HIPEC, warming needling technique was applied to Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Yinlingquan (SP9) and the even-needing technique of acupuncture was applied to Neiguan (PC6) for 30 min, and then the intravenous injection with Ondansetron was given 30 min before HIPEC. In the control group, The intravenous injection with Ondansetron was given 30 min before HIPEC. In the two groups, the changes in nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, diarrhea, total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and KPS score, as well as the average hospitalization length of stay were observed.The total effective rates in the treatment of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention and diarrhea were 91.67%(55/60), 93.33%(56/60), 80.00%(48/60) and 88.33%(53/60) in the observation group and were 78.33%(47/60), 78.33%(47/60), 63.33%(38/60) and 70.00%(42/60) in the control group respectively, and the total effective rate in the treatment of gastrointestinal reaction of HIPEC in the observation group was obviously higher than that in the control group(The warming needling technique of acupuncture and moxibustion alleviates the gastrointestinal reaction, improves KPS score and reduces the hospitalization length of stay in HIPEC patients after the surgery of colon cancer and differentiated as the spleen and stomach deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine.

The reaction of N,N-dimethylethylenediamino-N,N-bis(2-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) (H2L′) with CoBr2 gives a Co(II) complex [CoL′(NCMe)] 1, whose structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 can electrocatalyze hydrogen evolution from both acetic acid, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 43 mol of H2 per mole of catalyst per hour under −1.30 V versus Ag/AgNO3 (in CH3CN), and from buffer (pH 7.0) with a TOF of 851.1 mol of H2 per mole of catalyst per hour under −1.45 V versus Ag/AgCl. The electronic properties of the ligands are found to play a vital role in determining the catalytic activity.

To determine the relationship between serum levels of 25(OH)D and 1, 25(OH)A cross-sectional study on a representative sample of 1 095 women aged 29-95 yr. in Sichuan Province was undertaken. Their hand-grip strength and balance ability were assessed using a hand-held dynamometer and the short physical performance battery (SPPB), respectively. The participants were divided into four groups according to the level of serum 25(OH)D: sufficient (75 nmol/L), insufficient (51-75 nmol/L), deficiency (25-50 nmol/L), and serious deficiency (25 nmol/L). General liner models were established to compare the differences of the four groups in balance ability. Logistic regression models were established to examine the associations of serum 25(OH)D and 1, 25(OH)About 70.9% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency. Those with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency were more likely to reside in a higher latitudinal area (Serum levels of 25(OH)D and 1, 25(OH)2D are not associated with hand-grip strength and balance ability.

To test whether myocardial apoptosis can be induced by traumatic fracture of lower limbs with hemorrhage, in order to lay a foundation of myocardial injury after traumatic fracture for the follow-up study.Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, i. e. control group and trauma group(At the 4The myocardial apoptosis can be induced by traumatic fracture of lower limbs with hemorrhage in rats, and then lead to myocardial injury.

Objective To explore the protective effect and its possible mechanism of spirolactone against kidney injury in rats after amputation. Methods Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control, 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours after the operation and spirolactone intervention groups (n=7, each). Plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), aldosterone (ALD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), urea nitrogen (Ur), creatinine (Cr) concentration and renal tissue ALD, MPO, MDA and calcineurin (CaN) mRNA levels were determined. Renal pathological changes were observed by light microscopy. Results At 6h after amputation, traumatic changes in rat kidney tissue were seen, and the levels of Cr, AngⅡ, MDA, MPO, IL-6 and CaN-mRNA were significantly elevated, while NO concentration was significantly lowered. Spirolactone intervention reduced the damage of kidney tissue, and the levels of MPO, IL-6, Ang Ⅱ in plasman, contents of MPO and ALD and expression level of CaN mRNA in kidney tissue were significantly lowered, but the levels of Cr, Ur, MDA and ALD in plasma and content of MDA in kidney tissue showed no significant change. Conclusion Spirolactone can provide protective effect against renal damage in rats after amputation, and it may be related to the mechanism that spirolactone inhibits secretion of ALD and lowers the expression and activation of CaN mRNA, thus reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.07.10

Breastmilk is the best source of nourishment for infants and young children, and breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival. In May 1981, the World Health Assembly adopted the International Code of Marketing Breast-Milk Substitutes. Since then several subsequent resolutions have been adopted by the World Health Assembly, which both update and clarify the articles within the International Code (herein after the term "Code" refers to both the International Code and all subsequent resolutions). The Code is designed to regulate "inappropriate sales promotion" of breastmilk substitutes and instructs signatory governments to ensure the implementation of its aims through legislation. The Chinese Regulations of the Code were adopted by six government sectors in 1995. However, challenges in promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding remain. This study aimed to monitor the implementation of the Code in China.Six cities were selected with considerable geographic coverage. In each city three hospitals and six stores were surveyed. The International Baby Food Action Network Interview Form was adapted, and direct observations were made. Research assistants administered the questionnaires to a random sample of mothers of infants under 6 months old who were in the outpatient department of the hospitals. In total, 291 mothers of infants, 35 stores, 17 hospitals, and 26 companies were surveyed.From the whole sample of 291 mothers, the proportion who reported exclusively breastfeeding their infant was 30.9%; 69.1% of mothers reported feeding their infant with commercially available formula. Regarding violations of the Code, 40.2% of the mothers reported receiving free formula samples. Of these, 76.1% received the free samples in or near hospitals. Among the stores surveyed, 45.7% were found promoting products in a way that violates the Code. Also, 69.0% of the labeling on the formula products did not comply with the regulations set out in the Code.As the social and economic developments continue, the interactions of more and more factors curb further success in breastfeeding. Support from all sectors of the society is needed in order to create a social environment to enable the promotion of breastfeeding, in addition to the efforts already made by the healthcare system.

Exposure to lead can be deleterious to children's health. Surveillance for blood lead levels (BLLs) is reported every year in the USA and some other countries. However, such reports are lacking in China which has the world's largest population of children. In this study, we provided the latest nationally representative data on BLLs among Chinese children living in cities, described the change in BLLs since 2004, and explored the risk factors for elevated BLLs (EBLLs) among children.We studied 12 693 children aged 0-6 years in 2004 and 11 255 children aged 0-6 years in 2010. We evaluated the average BLLs and the prevalence of EBLLs, and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate predictors of EBLLs.The geometric mean BLLs of children aged 0-6 years dropped by 16% (from 46.38 ± 2.10 μg/L in 2004 to 38.95 ± 1.83 μg/L in 2010), while the prevalence of EBLLs dropped by 87% (from 9.78% in 2004 to 1.32% in 2010). In a multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with EBLLs: (1) children being cared for at home or at a boarding nursery (compared to children being cared for in a day nursery), (2) children having fathers with a lower education level, and (3) children often eating popcorn and chewing fingernails or sucking fingers were associated with EBLLs.The results of this study demonstrated a substantial decline in BLLs from 2004 to 2010 among Chinese children 0-6 years living in cities. However, these levels were higher than levels in countries, such as the USA, Canada, Japan and Sweden. These data demonstrate that Chinese children's lead exposure remains a public health problem that requires additional effort and resources.

The reaction of 1,3-bis[(2-chloro)benzene]triazene (HL) and [Pd(CH3CN)4]Cl2 gave a new dinuclear triazenido complex [Pd2L2] 1 (L = 1,3-bis[(2-chloro)benzene]triazene ion). Electrochemcial studies showed that complex 1 is capable of generating hydrogen from acetic acid in CH2Cl2.

The influences of different vibration amplitude and pouring temperature on solidified structure of superalloy K4169 under the action of mechanical vibration were investigated. The vibration amplitudes and pouring temperatures used were 1.5, 1.75 and 2 mm and 1380, 1430, 1480 and 1530°C, respectively. The experimental results show that application of mechanical vibration leads to increase in grain refinement and proportion of equiaxed grains of superalloy K4169. The dendrite growth is restrained and the microstructure is changed from well-developed dendrite grains to fine equiaxed grains. Grain size of the alloy decreases as vibration amplitude increases. With the increase of the pouring temperature, grain size of the alloy increases firstly, then decreases and the turning point is 1430°C. When the pouring temperature is 1380°C, grain size of the alloy with mechanical vibration treatment is the finest.

A promising applied technology on hybrid power system for electric vehicle was proposed in this paper. Considring the actual bus working conditions, a testing system of multi-stage pulse discharge was designed. The separated LiFePO4series, lead-acid battery and the paralleled battery pack, constituted by the lithium battery and lead-acid battery with equal capacity, were tested to compare the voltage and power characteristics, as well as temperature rise. The results indicate that the lithium-ion batteries provide momentary high currant at high rate pulse discharge while keeping the lead-acid stay at a higher state of charge and improving its cycle life. During the intermittent, spontaneous capacity redistribution is achieved in the paralleled system, which helps to relieve the potential polarization and avoid the over-discharge of lithium-ion battery. Systematic analysis of the paralleled system demonstrats that it is benefitial to the circuit control, cost, cycle life and safety.

The reaction of 1,3-bis[(4-chloro)benzene]triazene (HL) and [Pd(CH3CN)4]Cl2 gave a dinuclear triazenido complex Pd2L4 1, which has been characterized by 1H NMR spectrum and X-ray crystallography. Electrochemical studies showed that complex 1 is capable of generating hydrogen from acetic acid in DMF with icat/ip ~ 7.5.

The influences of different pouring temperature and mold temperature on solidified structure of superalloy K4169 under low-voltage pulsed magnetic field (LVPMF) were investigated in the paper. The experimental results show that solidified structure of superalloy K4169 under LVPMF can be refined greatly with appropriate cooling rate of the alloy. The dendrite growth is restrained and the microstructure is changed from larger dendrite grains to smaller equiaxed grains. When the pouring temperature is at 1380 °C-1530 °C or the mold temperature is at 1000 °C-1300 °C, the increase of pouring temperature or mold temperature enhances the refinement effect of LVPMF processing. With the increase of the pouring temperature or the mold temperature, average grain size of the alloy decreases and the primary phase degrades from developed dendrites into equiaxed crystals under the LVPMF.

The reaction of 1-[(2-bromo)benzene]-3-[(2-carboxymethyl)benzene]triazene and [Pd(CH3CN)4]Cl2 gave a new dinuclear triazenido complex [Pd2L2] 1, which has been characterized by NMR spectra and X-ray crystallography. Electrochemical studies showed that complex 1 is capable of generating hydrogen from acetic acid in CH2Cl2.

Effects of different pulse voltage and frequency on solidified structure of superalloy K4169 under low-voltage pulsed magnetic field (LVPMF) were investigated in this paper, and the related mechanism was also discussed. The experimental results show that grain of superalloy K4169 can be refined greatly by LVPMF treatment during the course of solidification. Growth of dendrite is restrained and primary grain is changed from large dendrites to smaller equiaxed grains. When the pulse voltage is at 0-280V, grain size of the alloy decreases as pulse voltage increases, and primary dendrites are fractured from well-developed dendrites into fine equiaxed grains and non-dendritic structures. When the pulse frequency is at 0-5Hz, the increase of pulse frequency enhances the refinement effect of LVPMF processing. With the increase of the pulse frequency, grain size of the alloy increases.

In this work, fifteen polymers have been studied to test their potential as donors for polymer solar cells by density functional theory. Those polymers contained five homopolymers based on pyridazine, [1,2,thiadiazolo [3,4-pyridazine, [1,2,oxadiazole [3,4-pyridazine, isothiazolo [3,4-pyridazine and isoxazolo [3,4-pyridazine, and ten copolymers composed of the above compounds and thiophene incorporated with 1:1 and 1:2 ratios. The fifteen polymers have been examined in terms of the abilities of absorbing sunlight, stabilities in the environment, and photovoltaic properties. The results suggest that the copolymes DTHP, DTHTP, DTHOP, DTHITP, and DTHIXP are good material candidates of polymer donor for polymer solar cells.

In the presence of sodium nitrite, the reaction of methyl anthranilate and 2-aminopyridine or o-aminobenzoic acid gives two triazenes, 1-[(2-carboxymethyl)benzene]-3-[2-pyridine]triazene (HL) and 1-[(2-carboxymethyl)benzene]-3-[o-aminobenzoic acid]triazene (H2L′), respectively. In the presence of Et3N, the reaction of Pt(PPh3)2Cl2 and HL or H2L′ produces two triazenido platinum(II) complexes, Pt(PPh3)2(L)Cl (1) and Pt(PPh3)2(L′) (2), respectively, which have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, 31P NMR spectra, UV–Vis spectra, emission spectra and cyclic voltammetry. When excited at 310 nm, complexes 1 and 2 show luminescence at 432 and 442 nm, respectively, which is consistent with the trend of the lowest-energy absorption wavelengths of 1 (376 nm) and 2 (379 nm). Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit one or two redox waves and follow the order 1 (0.97 V) → 2 (0.89 and 0.07 V), which is also in accordance with the trend of the lowest-energy absorption spectra of 1 (376 nm) and 2 (379 nm).

The reaction of methyl anthranilate, sodium nitrite, and 2,6-diamino-pyridine affords a new compound, 2,6-diamino-3-[(2-carboxymethyl) phenylazo]-pyridine (L), which has been characterized with X-ray crystallography and NMR spectrum. The reaction of L and CoCl2⋅ 6H2O or Cu(ClO4)2⋅ 6H2O gives a dinuclear cobalt(II) complex [Co2L2Cl3]Cl (1), and a copper(I) complex [CuL2]ClO4 (2)，respectively. They are characterized by X-ray crystallography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NMR spectra, magnetic measurement and emission spectra. Magnetic behavior of 1 denotes the occurrence of intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions (J = − 141.8 cm− 1). Complex 2 exhibits photoluminescence at 557 nm.

Mannich reaction of 2-Amino propanol, 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, and formaldehyde in the ratio of 1:2:2 provides a new compound, N-(1-propanol)-N,N-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenxyl)amine (H3L), which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis. In the presence of Et3N, the reaction of H3L and FeCl3·6H2O gives a dinuclear Fe(III) complex [Fe2L2] 1, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, magnetic measurement, and cyclic voltammetry. The value of μeff at room temperature (5.97 μB) is much less than the expected spin-only value (8.37 μB) of two high spin (hs) Fe3+ (S = 5/2) ions [μ = g[∑ZS(S + 1)]1/2], indicating there are strong coupling interactions between Fe3+ ions. The magnetic behavior of 1 denotes the occurrence of intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions (J = −13.35 cm−1 ). CV of 1 reveals two reversible waves at 0.433 and 1.227 V versus AgCl/Ag, which can be ascribed to the successive redox coupling of FeIIFeII/FeIIIFeII and FeIIIFeII/FeIIIFeIII, respectively.

Objective To compare the enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with that on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Methods Thirty-two consecutive patients with pathologically proven hilar cholangiocarcinomas were evaluated by both low mechanical index CEUS and CECT. The enhancement feature of the tumor, portal vein infiltration, and lesion conspicuity on them was investigated. Results In the arterial phase, the numbers of the lesions showing hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, and hypoenhancement, were 14 (43.8%), 14 (43.8%), and 4 (12.6%), on CEUS, and 12 (37.5%), 9 (28.1%), and 11 (34.4%), on CECT ( P = 0.162). In portal phase, the numbers of the lesions showing hypoenhancement, isoenhancement, and hyperenhancement were 30 (93.8%), 1 (3.1%), and 1 (3.1%), on CEUS, and 23 (71.9%), 8 (25.0%), and 1 (3.1%), on CECT ( P = 0.046). The detection rates for portal vein infiltration were 84.2% (16/19) for baseline ultrasound, 89.5% (17/19) for CEUS, and 78.9% (15/19) for CECT (all P > 0.05 between every two groups). CEUS significantly improved the lesion conspicuity in comparison with CECT. CEUS and CECT made correct diagnoses in 30 (93.8%) and 25 (78.1%) lesions prior to pathological examination ( P = 0.125). Conclusion The enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma on CEUS was similar with that on CECT in arterial phase, whereas in portal phase hilar cholangiocarcinoma shows hypoenhancement more likely on CEUS. CEUS and CECT lead to similar results in evaluating portal vein infiltration and diagnosis of this entity.

In the presence of CoCl2 · 6H2O or CuCl, the reaction of tetracyanoethylene and CH3OH provides a dicyano-acetic acid methyl ester anion (L1), which has been obtained as a bridged ligand in two compounds [(PPh3)2(NC)2CoIII(μ2-L12)CoIII(CN)2(PPh3)2] · (PPh3)(CH3OH) 1 and [(PPh3)2CuI(μ2-L12)CuI(PPh3)2] 2. The coordination geometry of the Co atom in 1 is distorted octahedral, and the Co atoms are μ2-bridged by two pairs of L. For compound 2, Cu is coordinated with two P atoms from PPh3 and two N atoms of L1, and two Cu atoms are linked by μ2-bridged L1.

The study was aimed at evaluating the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in characterizing complex cystic focal liver lesions (FLLs). Sixty-seven complex cystic FLLs in 65 patients were examined with conventional ultrasound (US) and real-time CEUS. The US and CEUS images were reviewed by a resident radiologist and a staff radiologist independently. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance, and the interobserver agreement was analysed. The results showed that complete non-enhancement throughout three phases of CEUS or sustained enhancement in the portal and late phases were exhibited in most benign lesions. Conversely, hypo-enhancement in the late phase was seen in all malignancies. After ROC analysis, the areas (Az) under the ROC curve were 0.774 at US versus 0.922 at CEUS (P = 0.047) by the resident radiologist, and 0.917 versus 0.935 (P = 0.38) by the staff radiologist. A significant difference in Az between the resident and the staff radiologists was found for US (0.774 versus 0.917, P = 0.044), whereas not found for CEUS (0.922 versus 0.935, P = 0.42). Interobserver agreement was improved after CEUS (κ = 0.325 at US versus κ = 0.774 at CEUS). Real-time CEUS improves the capability of discrimination between benign and malignant complex cystic FLLs, especially for the resident radiologist.

To investigate the effect of H₂S on lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) induced lung injury and explore the underlying mechanism.Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, IR group, IR+ Sodium Hydrosulphide (NaHS) group and IR+ DL-propargylglycine (PPG) group. IR group as lung injury model induced by LIR were given 4 h reperfusion following 4 h ischemia of bilateral hindlimbs with rubber bands. NaHS (0.78 mg/kg) as exogenous H₂S donor and PPG (60 mg/kg) which can suppress endogenous H₂S production were administrated before LIR, respectively. The lungs were removed for histologic analysis, the determination of wet-to-dry weight ratios and the measurement of mRNA and protein levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP₁), aquaporin-5 (AQP₅) as indexes of water transport abnormality, and mRNA and protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR₄), myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88 (MyD88) and p-NF-κB as indexes of inflammation.LIR induced lung injury was accompanied with upregulation of TLR₄-Myd88-NF-κB pathway and downregulation of AQP1/AQP₅. NaHS pre-treatment reduced lung injury with increasing AQP₁/AQP₅ expression and inhibition of TLR₄-Myd88-NF-κB pathway, but PPG adjusted AQP₁/AQP₅ and TLR4 pathway to the opposite side and exacerbated lung injury.Endogenous H₂S, TLR₄-Myd88-NF-κB pathway and AQP₁/AQP₅ were involved in LIR induced lung injury. Increased H₂S would alleviate lung injury and the effect is at least partially depend on the adjustment of TLR₄-Myd88-NF-κB pathway and AQP₁/AQP₅ expression to reduce inflammatory reaction and lessen pulmonary edema.

To estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to identify factors associated with the prevention and control of hypertension in Chinese Yi populations.A cross-sectional study was conducted in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province. Random cluster sampling method was adopted to recruit participants. A total of 1 255 Yi people who were 20 years or older from one urban district and three rural villages participated in this study. Demographic and medical and laboratory data were collected from July to September 2007. The prevalence of hypertension and levels of awareness and control of hypertension were calculated and compared between genders and urban and rural residencies.The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension reached 17.3% in the Chinese Yi populations. Urban residents had a significantly higher level of prevalence of hypertension than that of rural residents (25.9% vs. 8.9%, P0.001). Among the hypertensive patients, 2.8% were aware of their high blood pressure, 26.1% were taking antihypertensive medications, and 8.8% had their blood pressures controlled (140/90 mm Hg). Urban residents had significantly higher levels of awareness (35%) and endorsement of treatment (31.1%) than their rural counterparts (13.6% for awareness and 10.6% for treatment, P0.001). For those living in urban areas, higher prevalence of hypertension was associated with older age, being a woman, having higher annual income (or = yen 10,000), overweight/obesity and higher levels of total cholesterol. Older age and high levels of total cholesterol were also found to be associated with increased risk of hypertension in the rural residents.Hypertension is prevalent in Yi populations. The awareness and control of hypertension in Yi populations is poor. Public health interventions are needed.

Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent and control the transmission of hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunization program has been taken into effect since 2001 in Tianjin, China. This study evaluated the effectiveness of strategies in the prevention and control of hepatitis A. Data of serological survey, annual hepatitis A incidence, immunization coverage and the positive rate of hepatitis A IgG before and after the immunization program in residents under 15 years old were used to do the analysis. The results indicated that hepatitis A vaccine induced a striking decrease of hepatitis A incidence and a significant increase in the positive rate of anti-HAV IgG among the children younger than 15 years old. Hepatitis A vaccination in children was proved to be effective in the prevention and control of hepatitis A in Tianjin, China.

The adverse health effects of lead for children under 6 years are well known. Studies to assess the lead exposure among children in China are small in sample size and lack of national representative data. The aim of this study therefore was to describe blood lead levels and identify risk factors for lead exposure among children aged 0 to 6 years living in 16 cities in China.We analyzed data from blood lead levels surveillance in China carried out in 16 large cities between 2004 and 2008. A stratified clustered random sampling strategy was used. A total of 69 968 children aged 0 to 6 years were included. We conducted multiple Logistic regression analyses to explore risk factors to high blood lead level.The geometric mean blood lead level of the children was 4.50 µg/dl (median: 4.90 µg/dl; IQR: 3.20 - 7.00 µg/dl). Overall prevalence of blood lead level ≥ 10.00 µg/dl among 0- to 6-year-old children was 7.57%. But the proportion of blood lead level ≥ 5.00 but10.00 µg/dl was 42.12%. Blood lead levels were significantly higher in boys (4.63 µg/dl) than in girls (4.35 µg/dl) (P0.0001). The geometric mean blood lead levels and prevalence of blood lead level ≥ 10.00 µg/dl increased with age (P0.0001 for the two trends). After controlling for sociodemographic, dietary and behavior factors, multivariable analysis indicated that lower maternal education, male gender, younger age, often biting pencil or/and toys, walking or playing for long time on the street, not washing hands before eating are major risk factors for higher lead levels.The blood lead levels among Chinese children in urban areas are lower than previous studies but close to those of developed countries. However, children with low lead exposure account for almost half and the sociodemographic factors (age, male sex, and low mother education level) continue to be associated with higher blood lead levels.

When a vehicle is running, its measured speed can reflect the operation status of the vehicle sufficiently. In practice, therefore, it is very important to estimate the speed. In this paper, FPGA is used to realize full hardware vehicle speed estimator. The longitudinal velocity of the vehicle can be achieved by a Kalman estimator, which is described by Verilog language. The output data from the eight degrees of freedom vehicle model are regarded as input data of the function simulation in ModelSim. The single precision floating-point binary number is adopted to expand the data range and improve data accuracy. The curves related to the actual speed and estimated speed are analyzed in Matlab, and various performance indicators of the estimator can be checked.