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Objective: Comprehensively investigated the immune infiltration of thyroid cancer, to explore key immune-related genes and potential molecular mechanisms for thyroid carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The thyroid carcinoma (THCA) expression profiles came from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The differences in the infiltration levels of immune cells between THCA were analyzed by the CIBERSORT. We analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in thyroid, downloaded the immunologically relevant list of genes from IMMPORT, and then selected the differentially expressed immune genes. Gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways associated with these DEGs were identified, and protein–protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed. The expression of TNFRSF12Ain THCA was analyzed in the cBioPortal database. Additionally, we used the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database evaluated correlation between TNFRSF12A expression and immune cell infiltration.Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was presented to predict the survival times between high and low TNFRSF12A expression groups for THCA. Results: Differentially expressed immune genes associated with prognosis included BMP2, SEMA6B, INHBB and TNFRSF12A. There were distinct differences in the infiltration levels of immune cells between THCA and normal tissues. TNFRSF12A was identified to be highly expressed in THCA compared to normal tissues. TNFRSF12A mutation occurred in 5% of THCA samples, and low mRNA expression was the most common type of mutation. TNFRSF12A expression was significantly correlated to the infiltration levels of B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results indicated that TNFRSF12A could be involved in key biological processes and pathways of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Patients with low TNFRSF12A expression usually experienced shorten overall survival time than those with its high expression. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that TNFRSF12A was significantly related to immune cell infiltration, which may provide potential value for immunotherapy.

Rankinidine belongs to the humantenine-type alkaloids isolated from Gelsemium. Currently, the mechanism behind the toxicity differences of rankinidine has not been explained. In this study, our purpose was to elucidate the major in vitro metabolic pathways of rankinidine and to compare the formation of metabolites of rankinidine in human (HLMs), rat (RLMs), goat (GLMs) and pig (PLMs) liver microsomes.This is the first study to compare the in vitro metabolism of rankinidine with high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF). The MS/MS data and LC/MS peak area acquired in positive ion mode were used to analyze metabolite structures and compare metabolism.We identified 11 metabolites (M1-M11) in total and found five main metabolic pathways, consisting of demethylation (M1), reduction (M2), oxidation at different positions (M3-M5), oxidation and reduction (M6-M10) and demethylation and oxidation (M11). The metabolism of rankinidine has qualitative and quantitative species-specific differences in vitro. In PLMs and GLMs, the main metabolic pathway of rankinidine was oxidation. Notably, among the four species, the oxidation ability of rankinidine was highest in pigs and goats, and the demethylation and reduction abilities of rankinidine were highest in humans and rats.The interspecific metabolic differences of rankinidine in HLMs, PLMs, GLMs and RLMs were compared and studied for the first time using LC/QTOF. These findings will certainly support future studies of rankinidine metabolism in vivo and will contribute to elucidating the cause of species-specific differences behind Gelsemium toxicity.

Neonatal exposure to propofol induces persistent behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. In addition to triggering the apoptosis of neurons in the developing brain, anesthetics may contribute to the development of cognitive deficits by interfering neurogenesis. Given the importance of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation in neurogenesis, the effect of propofol on NSC proliferation and the mechanisms underlying this effect were investigated. Hippocampal NSC proliferation from neonatal rats was examined using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation assays in vitro. The [Ca2+]i was analyzed using flow cytometry. The activations of protein kinase C (PKC)-α and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) were measured by western blot. Our results showed that propofol significantly inhibited NSC proliferation in vitro. [Ca2+]i and activations of PKCα and ERK1/2 in NSCs were markedly suppressed by propofol (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μM). Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil, PKCα inhibitor chelerythrine and ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor PD98059 exerted their maximal effects on NSC function at concentrations of 20, 10 and 20 μM, respectively. Propofol (20 μM) could not produce further additional suppression effects when used in combination with verapamil (20 μM), chelerythrine (10 μM) or PD98059 (20 μM). In addition, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, a activator of PKC) markedly attenuated the suppressive effects of propofol on ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NSC proliferation. The inhibition effects on PKCα activation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NSC proliferation induced by propofol were significantly improved by BayK8644 (a calcium channel agonist). These results indicate that propofol can inhibits hippocampal NSC proliferation by suppressing the Ca2+-PKCα-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Porous wick evaporator is an important power source of alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) available for different kinds of energy sources including renewable energy. A bayonet tube structure is adopted in porous wick evaporator which is based on the principle of capillary pumped loop (CPL). The phase change heat transfer characteristics in the evaporator were numerically studied and the impact of the bayonet tube was investigated. The working fluid temperatures on two feature lines were selected to analyze the effect of bayonet tube on temperature of porous wick evaporator. The results show that for the evaporator using alkali metal as working fluid, a stable vapor-liquid interface is maintained at wick-groove interface. The bayonet tube divides the working fluid flow in porous wick into two parts, and the temperature change rule inside the bayonet tube is different from that outside the bayonet tube. The bayonet tube structure in the evaporator causes the temperature distribution in liquid channel to become more uniform and the maximum temperature to be decreased. The fluid temperature in the evaporator, especially in the liquid channel, can effectively be affected by the thermal resistance per unit area, length and diameter of bayonet tube. These parameters for bayonet tube must be limited within acceptable ranges in a specific operating condition, and there are optimum values to guarantee the best performance of the evaporator.

Three 2,5-tpa complexes [Ag(PPh3)2(2,5-tpa)]n (1), [Ag2(2,5-tpa)(2-apy)2]n (2) and [{Ag2(2,5-tpa)(hmt)2}·3H2O]n (3) have been obtained and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and TG and proton-conductivity analyses, where 2,5-tpa stands for thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic dianions, PPh3 is triphenyl phosphine, 2-apy is 2-aminopyridine and hmt is hexamethylenetetramine. The structures of 1–3 adopt 1D to 3D frameworks. Complex 1 is a one-dimensional sandwich-like polymer containing a 1D semi-symmetric ham backbone made up of [Ag(2,5-tpa)] units and PPh3 “bread layers”. In complex 2, the 2,5-tpa ligands bridge Ag atoms to form a 2D fishbone-shaped layer with weak π⋯π interactions and intra-molecular N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In 3, the 2,5-tpa ligands bridge two Ag-hmt layers to form a 3D wavy structure. Topological analyses were performed and the results are a 5-c nov net, a 3,4-c {6·102}{62·104} net and a 3,4,6-c {44·54·62·74·10}{5·62}2{52·63·7}2 net for 1–3, respectively. The structural diversity of the complexes results from the different neutral ligands in the structures, which has an important impact on the proton conductivities of the complexes. The complexes exhibited superprotonic conductivities of 1.99 × 10−2 S cm−1 for 1, 4.25 × 10−3 S cm−1 for 2 and 1.98 × 10−3 S cm−1 for 3 at room temperature in a KNO3–K4Fe(CN)6–K3Fe(CN)6 electrolyte. The proton conductivities of polymer films from 1 and 2 with PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) are 2.17 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 8.99 × 10−4 S cm−1, respectively.

Neonatal exposure to propofol induces persistent behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. In addition to triggering the apoptosis of neurons in the developing brain, anesthetics may contribute to the development of cognitive deficits by interfering neurogenesis. Given the importance of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation in neurogenesis, the effect of propofol on NSC proliferation and the mechanisms underlying this effect were investigated. Hippocampal NSC proliferation from neonatal rats was examined using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays in vitro. The [Ca

Background Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies all over the world. However, the mechanism of HCC initiation and development remains unclear. In our previous work, high-throughput microarray assay in HCC samples followed by bioinformatic analysis suggested that Metallothionein1G (MT1G) might be one of the key factors in HCC. In this study, we aim to clarify the biological function of MT1G and validate its potential to be utilised as a biomarker in HCC. Methods We detected the MT1G expression in paired HCC samples and cell lines by both RT-qPCR and Western blot. MSP (Methylation specific PCR) and BGS (Bisulfite genomic sequencing) were performed to evaluate methylation status of MT1G in HCC. TCGA (The Cancer Genome Altas) data analysis was used to validate the results from our samples. The functional significance of MT1G was investigated by overexpression or knockdown in vivo and in vitro. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed using TCGA data to estimate the clinical value of MT1G expression and methylation status in HCC. Results MT1G was inactivated in 4 of 6 HCC cell lines. The expression of MT1G was downregulated in cancer tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumour tissues (p Conclusions Our results demonstrate that MT1G promoter methylation directly mediates the transcription down-regulation and commonly occurs in HCC. MT1G gene can act as a functional tumour suppressor in liver carcinogenesis by playing an important role in the depression of cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

Background Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells is likely to interact with the epigenetic landmarks, which may modulate tumorigenesis. However, the exact mechanism is still largely unknown. In our previous study, inhibition of activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1), a nutrient sensor that affects cellular metabolism, was able to attenuate the DNA methylation level. In this study, we aim to clarify the correlation between the metabolism and DNA methylation and evaluate their interactive roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We treated HCC cell lines with rapamycin to inhibit mTORC1 activity and performed immunofluorescence (IF) and Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the levels of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Western-blot and IF assays were used to detect the protein levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and RT-PCR was performed to test transcription of DNMTs. Cycloheximide was used to suppress the protein translation. Moreover, MG132 and BafA1 were used to inhibit the functions of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome respectively to evaluate the effect of posttranslational modification for DNMTs degradation. Finally, we selected twenty liver cancer cell lines and combined western-blot and CCK8 assays to observe the association between mTORC1 inhibition-induced DNMTs degradation and cell viabilities. Results Rapamycin treatment reduced 5 mC levels in HCC cell lines. In parallel, mTORC1 inhibition attenuated the expressions of DNMT1. The subsequent experiments revealed that transcriptional regulation and posttranslational modification is not likely to participate in the process of DNMT1 degradation induced by mTORC1 inhibition. However, cycloheximide half-life assay indicated that mTORC1 might adjust the expression DNMT1 through regulating initial translational efficiency. We found that mTORC1-mediated DNMT1 degradation is closely linked to cell proliferation. Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that mTORC1 could affect DNA methylation levels in HCC probably through regulating DNMTs expression. Besides, this interactive role seems to be closely linked to HCC cell viability. Investigation of the relationship between mTORC1 signalling and DNA methylation will deepen our insight on the pathogenesis of HCC and develop a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.

Rationale: A cecal submucosal fecalith is extremely rare and is likely to be misdiagnosed as appendicitis with an incarcerated fecalith. Patient concerns: This review presents the case of a female patient complaining of recurrent abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant, similar to the clinical symptoms of appendicitis. Physical examination revealed an abdominal tenderness in the right lower quadrant without rebound tenderness or muscular tension. An ultrasound examination found a mass located in the right lower abdomen. Computed tomography showed a high-density shadow in the cecal cavity. Diagnoses: A fecalith was detected in the submucosal cecal wall. The postoperative pathologic examination showed that the fecalith was located in the submucosa. Interventions: A partial cecal excision was performed under laparoscopic surgery assisted by colonoscopy. Outcomes: The patient was discharged 1 week after surgery without postoperative complications. Lessons: Fecaliths should be considered in the differential diagnosis of submucosal occupying lesions of the cecum.

We report a novel hierarchical homogeneous nanoarchitecture of TiO2 nanosheets branched TiO2 nanosheet arrays, which is formed directly on transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate through a one-step facile hydrothermal reaction without the use of a seed layer. The hierarchical homogeneous nanoarchitecture is composed of long TiO2 nanosheet trunks grafted with a large number of TiO2 nanosheet branches, which is an effective structure to improve the charge transport with the increase of the specific surface area. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on TiO2 nanosheets branched TiO2 nanosheet arrays can achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 6.66%, which is attributed to the specific performances such as higher specific surface area for adsorbing more dye molecules, superior light scattering capacity for boosting the light-harvesting efficiency and faster charge transport for efficient charge collection.

TiO 2 hollow spheres with outer diameter of 1.0-2.5 μm and shell thickness of 200 nm are successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal method without use of any template agent. The as-prepared TiO 2 hollow spheres are crystalline of the anatase phase, and possess a specific surface area of 48 m 2 g −1 . A high power conversion efficiency of 7.68% is achieved for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on TiO 2 hollow sphere photoanode, representing a 16% efficiency boost over that of 6.65% achieved with the P25 based DSSC. Based on the optical investigation and electrochemical impedance measurement, the improved performance can be attributed to the enhanced light-scattering and the reduced interface recombination.

One unprecedented three-dimensional 4-sbe complex [K(4-sbe)]n (1) and two proton-transfer compounds of 4-Hsb with amines, named as [(4-Hsb)·(NH4)·(H2O)]n (2) and {[(4-Hsb)]2·(H2bpe)·2(H2O)}n (3) have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectra, TG analyses, and fluorescence studies, where 4-sbe is 4-sulfobenzoic ester, 4-Hsb is 4-sulfobenzoate monoanion and H2bpe is protonated 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene. All of the complexes share the common pillared architectures. Complex 1 is the first example of 4-sbe complexes with a 5-c bnn hexagonal BN net. In contrast, compounds 2 and 3 are two hydrogen-bonded 3D structures. In 2, 4-Hsb ligands brace the adjacent layers constructed by NH 4 + and water molecules through hydrogen bonds, generating a new 4, 5, 9-c 3-nodal net. In 3, H2bpe species further assemble the 2-D hydrogen-bonding network comprising of 4-Hsb and water molecules into a 3D InS net with channels. Basically, 4-sbe/4-Hsb either coordinates to metal centers or serves as hydrogen-bonding acceptors/donors giving 5, 9 and 4-connected nodes in the topological networks of compounds 1–3 respectively. Solid state properties such as luminescence and thermal stability of the complexes have been investigated.

Two proton-transfer compounds of 2-sulfobenzoic acid, namely [(2-sb)·(2-apyH)2] (1) and [(2-sbH)·(TTF)·2(H2O)] (2) have been obtained and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectra, TG analyses and fluorescence studies, where 2-sb is 2-sulfobenzoate dianion, 2-sbH is 2-sulfobenzoate monoanion, 2-apyH is protonated 2-aminopyridine and TTF is tetrathiafulvalene. The different counter ligands lead to diverse existing motifs of 2-sulfobenzoate, network expanded forms and topological architectures. In 1, hydrogen bonds connect 2-sb and 2-apyH ligands to form hydrogen-bonded dimer structure, in which two R 2 2 (8) motifs occur. In 2, the hydrogen-bonded chain of 2-sbH and water molecules is expanded into layer by the R 2 2 (14) motif of two 2-sbH monoanion and stacked dimers of TTF+ cations. The formal charge on TTF is +1. The 2-sb/2-sbH anions form hydrogen bonds in the networks to act as 7 and 3-connected nodes with topologies of {42·5}2{48·56·66·8} and {6·102}{62·10} in compounds 1 and 2 respectively. The results showed that the structural diversity of the compounds resulted from the different environment of 2-sb/2-sbH ligands. Solid state properties such as thermal stability and luminescence of the complexes have been investigated. In the paper, two three-dimensional 2-sulfobenzoic supramolecular architectures were reported with new topological networks analyzed, two distinct categories of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular synthons: supramolecular homosynthons and supramolecular heterosynthons occur in the two structures, in which the different counter ligands led to diverse existing motifs of 2-sb, network expanded forms and topological architectures, and the relationship between the solid state properties such as thermal stability and luminescence of the complexes and their structures was discussed.

Hierarchically porous N–F codoped TiO2 hollow spheres with a diameter of 0.8–1.8 μm and shell thickness of 250 nm are synthesized via an in situ bubbling method. Although the photoelectrode film constructed with the hierarchically porous N–F codoped TiO2 hollow spheres possesses a lower specific surface area than that of P25 nanocrystallites and thus achieves less dye adsorption, it may generate effective light scattering and therefore enhance the light harvesting efficiency, leading to higher power conversion efficiency (6.59%). The double layered DSSC with the hierarchically porous N–F codoped TiO2 hollow spheres as the top layer and P25 as the bottom layer is constructed and a 7.36% solar energy conversion efficiency is demonstrated, indicating a 10% improvement compared with the P25 cell of 6.65%. The improved photovoltaic performance of the double layered DSSC is primarily due to the effective suppression of the back reaction of the injected electron with the I3− in the electrolyte by decreasing the surface charge trap-site density of the photoanode and excellent light scattering ability.

Aimed to optimize the design of micro combustor whose chamber based on porous medium wall surface, combustion and flame stability characteristics on porous wall surface with methane/air flat flame were investigated experimentally in this paper. The experimental results show that stable flat flame can be formed on the porous medium surface within given ranges of fuel equivalence ratio and flow rate. When mixture flow rate increasing, the thickness of flame decreases firstly and then increases, and standoff distance of flames decreases quickly and then is unchanged. At higher mean velocity of mixture, the flame moves closer to the porous plate surface, and the minimum distance needing for keeping stable flames decreases. The heat exchange between the porous plate and the mixture can not only preheat mixture but also cool the porous plate.

Based on the enhanced formation of hydroxyl free radical (OH), Strengthen ozone oxidation can intensify the oxidizing ability and lower reaction selectivity as a kind of the Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOTs). This paper introduces the research progress of strengthen ozone oxidation technology such as H2O2 strengthen, catalytic strengthen, UV strengthen, ultrasound strengthen, hydrodynamic cavitations strengthen et al, and points out the research focus and application prospects of this technology.

Two new diverse silver 4-sulfobenzoate coordination polymers, {[Ag(4-sb)]·(4-apyH)}n (1) and [Ag2(4-apy)(4-sb)]n (2) where 4-sb is 4-sulfobenzoate dianion and 4-apy is 4-aminopyridine, were prepared by the strategy of different ratio of starting materials and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, elemental analysis, IR spectra, TG analysis, fluorescence spectra and electric conductivity. The molecular structure of 1 is made up of alternating 2-D anionic {[Ag(4-sb)]−}n layers and 4-apyH cations. Complex 2 is a 3-D structure. Both of the molecular structures are pillared architectures. To assess the relationship between structures and properties, the detail topologies of two diverse coordination polymers were analyzed. Complex 1 possesses a 3,6,6-c 3-nodal net with kgd topological layers, while 2 shows a new 4,4,8-c network. The room-temperature solid conductivity of 1 is lower than that of 2, which is controlled by the weak interactions.

The reaction of AgNO3 and sulfobenzoate with neutral ligands led to the formation of three complexes, {[Ag2(4-sb)(Ph3P)2(3-apy)]·(H2O)}n (1), {[Ag(PPh3)(2-apy)]·[Ag(PPh3)(3-sb)]·(H2O)}n (2) and [Ag(PPh3)(Hdpa)(4-Hsb)] (3) (4-H2sb = 4-sulfobenzoic acid, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, 3-apy = 3-aminopyridine, 2-apy = 2-aminopyridine, 3-H2sb = 3-sulfobenzoic acid, Hdpa = 2,2′-dipyridylamine) Complex 1 is a 2D sandwich-like polymer. Complex 2 is a cation-anion species and has a 1D polymer structure. Complex 3 is a monomer. Complexes 1–3 contain the Ag-PPh3 unit and such unit largely hinders the Ag–Ag, π···π, Ag···π, and Ag···C interactions. The experimental results indicated that these three complexes have weaker conductivities than those corresponding silver complexes having abundant weak interactions, especially π···π and Ag–Ag interactions, illustrating that the cation-anion species having potential ability of charge transfer can largely promote the conductivity property.

Quality characteristics of steel workpiece and their inspection methods are introduced, and the influencing factors of surface quality are analyzed by quality tools. A set of inspection scheme for cutting temperature and cutting force on-line monitoring is worked out. Thin film thermocouple technology was introduced to measure the dynamic temperature which affects the surface quality characteristics of steel workpieces. A system for measuring cutting temperature and cutting force has been developed. A high speed data acquisition card ADlink PCI-9118HG is used to acquire the temperature and force signals. Simple and friendly human-machine interface was programmed with the application of VC++ technology and Tchart controllor to achieve real-time data acquisition, display and analysis of cutting temperature and cutting force. It was concluded from the experiment that the data acquisition and measuring system is easy and flexible to use.

The reaction of 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy), AgNO3 and 4-sulfobenzoate (4-sb) led to an unprecedented complex, {[Ag2(4,4′-bipy)2(H2O)2]·(1,4-bds)·(2H2O)}n (1), in which benzene-1,4-disulfonate (1,4-bds) was synthesized in situ. This does not happen in the similar 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) system, where the complex {[Ag2(bpe)2(H2O)2]·(4-sb)·3H2O}n (2) is formed. The same in situ reaction occurred when triphenylphosphine (PPh3) was added into the bipy and silver reaction solution, resulting in the complex [Ag2(PPh3)4(1,4-bds)]. 2DMF (3). Complex 4, {[Ag2(Ph3P)2(4-sb)(H2O)]·(H2O)}n, was synthesized similar to the synthesis of complex 3, without the presence of 4,4′-bipyridine. Complexes 1–4 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectra, TG analyses, fluorescence studies and electric conductivity. Complexes 1 and 2 are cation–anion species. Complexes 3 and 4 are silver triphenylphosphine complexes, where the phenyl embrace interactions play important roles. In 3, the six-fold phenyl embrace (6PEs) connect the molecules into a 1- d hybrid zig-zag infinite chain. Complex 4 is a one-dimensional branch-like polymer containing a 1- d necklace-like backbone made up of an [Ag2(4-sb)(H2O)] unit and PPh3 ‘‘leaves”. Two new coordination modes for the 1,4-bds ligands and one for the 4-sb ligand are observed. Complexes 1–3 are semi-conductors, while complex 4 is an insulator.

Temperature plays a vital role in the machining industry today. NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples have been deposited on the rake face of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools by magnetron sputtering. The typical deposition conditions are summarized. Static and dynamic calibrations of the NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples are presented. The Seebeck coefficient of the TFTC is 37.3 μV/°C. The response time is about 3.9 ms. The testing results indicate that the developed NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouple sensors perform excellently when machining A3 steel in situ.

Surface texture of tribological interfaces has the potential to improve friction and lubrication performance of various mechanical components. This review paper emphasizes on the current status of the research of surface texture, including the features, the effects on tribological performance, the forming techniques, and the modeling and simulation of surface texture. It is intended to help readers to gain a more comprehensive view on surface texture of tribological interfaces.

To analyze the procedure-related complications after pancreaticoduodenctomy (PD) and their risk factors.One hundred twenty-six patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for diseases at region of pancreatic head were reviewed retrospectively.The overall surgical morbidity was 40.5% (51/126). Ten (7.9%) of 51 patients were identified as having pancreatic leakage, others included delayed gastric emptying (8.7%, 11), abdominal infection and abscess (7.9%, 10), abdominal bleeding (5.6%, 7), wound infection (4.8%, 6), wound dehiscence (2.4%, 3), biliary fistula (1.6%, 2) and operative death (1.6%, 2). Other postoperative complications were lung inflammation (3.9%, 5) and newly developed diabetes mellitus (2.3%, 3). Age (60 years), coexisting diabetes mellitus, small main pancreatic duct (≤0.5 cm), and surgeon's experience (10 patients within 5 years) were demonstrated to be independent risk factors by both univariate and multivariate analysis (p0.01).Old patients with coexisting diabetes mellitus and small main pancreatic duct undergo pancreatoduodenectomy by a less experienced surgeon may be at high risk of procedure-related complications.

Six topologically diverse complexes based on the Ag(I)/2-sulfobenzoate/N-donor ligands system [Ag2(sb)]n (1), [Ag4(sb)2(apy)4] (2), [Ag2(sb)2(apy)2]·2apyH (3), {[Ag2(sb)(bipy)2(H2O)]·(H2O)2}n (4), {[Ag4(sb)2(bpe)4]·(H2O)9}n (5), and {[Ag4(sb)2(hmt)2(H2O)]·(H2O)2}n (6) (sb = 2-sulfobenzoate dianion, apy = 2-aminopyridine, bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, and hmt = hexamethylenetetramine) were synthesized and characterized. Complex 1, a water-soluble species, is a two-dimensional (2-D) structure constructed by [Ag2(sb)] binuclear units. Complexes 2 and 3 are tetrameric and dimeric species, respectively. For both complexes 2 and 3 hydrogen bonds generate one-dimensional (1-D) chains, and weak interactions such as Ag···π or C−H···π extend chains into three-dimensional (3-D) supramolecular structures. Complex 4 is a 1-D polymer with double ladder chains connected by Ag···Ag bonds. Complex 5 is a 2-D brick-wall-like layer framework. Complex 6 is a 2-D polymer. Moreover, complexes 4−6 ar...

9Cr18 is a type of martensite stainless steel. It has high hardness, chemical stability, fine anticorrosion, wearable and quench stability. It has been used in different areas with high-anticorrosion and high polishing surface as mirror. So it requires for the high level surface quality after lapping and polishing. In this paper, the surface quality (surface roughness and flatness) of 9Cr18 is discussed with lapping parameters which include velocity, load and time distribution of two lapping steps(rough lapping and Ultra-precision lapping). In order to optimize those parameters, an optimization experiment for lapping 9Cr18 with Al2O3 was designed by Taguchi method. Finally, the optimum condition of each factor can be determined that speed: 80rpm, load:3.0kPa, and time distribution: rough lapping time=15min, Ultra-precision lapping time＝45min are the optimum conditions for both Ra and Wt.

At present, surgery has become one of the treatments for type 2 diabetes, but it is still unclear about the therapeutic mechanism. Many experiments has proved that the anatomical and physiological structure has been altered leading to significant changes related to the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and neuropeptides. These molecular are related to the metabolism of glucose, functions of islet cells and sensitivity of insulin. Intensive studies of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) play an important role in the surgical treatment of diabetes and now it has gained increasing recognition. However, GLP-1 must be combined with GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) to execute its function. In this paper we reviewed the role of GLP-1 and its receptor in the mechanism of metabolic surgery.

To study the expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in the peripheral blood lymphocyte of chronic gastritis (CG) patients of Pi-Wei hygropyrexia syndrome (PWHS) and Pi-qi deficiency syndrome (PQDS), and to explore their correlation with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection.Recruited were totally 86 CG patients who visited at the clinics of gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, including 67 patients of PWHS (30 of predominant-dampness, 30 of equal dampness and heat, and 30 of predominant-heat) and 19 patients of PQDS. Another 12 volunteers from healthy employees and students of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were recruited as the control group. Their peripheral blood was collected. The Hp infection was detected using ASSURE Hp rapid test. The expressions of HSP 70 and NF-kappaB in the peripheral blood lymphocyte were detected using flow cytometry.The Hp infection rate was 37. 31% in the GS patients of PWHS and 36. 84% in the GS patients of PQDS (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of HSP 70 decreased in the PWHS predominant-heat group, and the expression of NF-kappaB increased in the PWHS predominant-heat group and the PQDS group (P0.05). The expression of NF-kappaB were higher in the positive Hp infection patients of PWHS and PQDS than in the control group (P0.05). The expression of HSP 70 was higher in the positive Hp infection patients of PQDS than in the negative Hp infection patients of PQDS (P0.05). Besides, the coefficient correlation was -0. 023 between HSP 70 and Hp infection, and 0. 027 between NF-KB and Hp infection (P0.05).The increased expression of NF-KB in the peripheral blood lymphocyte of CG patients of PWHS and PQDS might reflect the pathogenic roles of "inner evil" in Chinese medicine theories. The increased expression of HSP 70 in CG patients of PQDS and decreased expression of HSP 70 in CG patients of PWHS might reflect "vital qi fighting against evils" and "exuberance evils and feeble vital qi" in the body. Hp infection might not be the only factor resulting in the occurrence of PWHS or PQDS.

To study the correlation between the Th1/Th2 balance in the peripheral blood and Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PDS) in chronic gastritis (CG).Fifty-one patients with CG of PDS were recruited, including 22 cases with predominant damp (PDS-D), 9 case with predominant heat (PDS-H), and 20 case with simultaneous onset of damp and Heat (PDS-DH). Besides, 10 healthy volunteers were recruited as the healthy control group. H. pylori (HP) infection was detected by fast urea enzyme, and the expressions of Th1 type cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and Th2 type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum were detected by luminex technology.The HP infection rate was 41.18% (21/51) in the PDS patients, obviously higher than that in the healthy control group (10.00%,1/10), showing statistical difference (P0.05). The HP infection rate was 45.45% (10/22) in PDS-D, 22.22% (2/9) in PDS-H, and 45.00% (9/20) in PDS-DH. The HP infection rate in PDS-D and PDS-DH was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group, showing statistical difference (P0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the expressions of peripheral blood IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 between the PDS patient group and the healthy control group (P0.05). But the expressions of IFN-gamma and IL-12 showed an increasing trend in the PDS patient group, while the expression of IL-4 showed a decreasing trend. The expressions of IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, and the ratios of IFN-gamma/IL-4 and IL-12/IL-4 were also higher in PDS-DH group than in the PDS-D group and the PDS-H group, but with no statistical significance (P0.05).The occurrence of Pi-Wei damp-heat CG was possibly correlated with the imbalance of Th1/Th2. Damp and heat pathogen might be important pathogenic factors leading to Th1 type cytokine immunoreaction.

To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of duodenojejunal bypass(DJB)on non-severe obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), 2h-postprandial plasma glucose(2hPG), fasting insulin(F-ins), fasting c-peptide(F-CP), glycated hemoglobin and hypoglycemic agents dose changes were tested in 7 patients with non-severe obese T2DM undergoing DJB, preoperatively and within 24 weeks after surgery during the follow-up. Data were collected and the clinical outcomes of T2DM were analyzed.In 7 cases of non-obese T2DM who underwent DJB, one patient was weaned off hypoglycemic agents with normal FPG, 2hPG and HbA1c postoperatively. Five required significantly lower dosage. No significant improvement in 1 case. Complete remission rate of hyperglycemia was 1/7, effective rate was 6/7, and effective rate of HbA1c was 5/7. No significant changes in BMI were observed between the preoperative and postoperative phases.Plasma glucose level can be markedly reduced by duodenojejunal bypass in non-obese T2DM, independent of weight loss, and the mechanism remains unclear.

Summary Cyclin B-cdc2 complexes are kept inactive by inhibitory phosphorylations on Thr-14 and Tyr-15 of cdc2 until they are dephosphorylated at the end of G2 by the phosphatase cdc25. Recent work has suggested that a small region of cyclin B, which we call the P box, may contribute part of a phosphatase-activating domain to cdc25. Individual conservative substitutions at three invariant residues within the P box yield mutant cyclin B proteins that bind cdc2 in vitro and then show the predicted cell cycle arrest, with cdc25 remaining in the low activity interphase form and cyclin B-cdc2 complexes remaining phosphorylated and inactive. While the low activity interphase form of cdc25 cannot act on cdc2 complexed with a mutant P box cyclin, the high activity M phase form of cdc25 can. These results demonstrate that the P box domain of cyclin B is required for cdc25 activation and support a two-step mechanism for the cdc25-dependent activation of cyclin B-cdc2.

AIM: To analyze the factors influencing radical (R0) resection rate and surgical outcome for malignant tumor of the pancreatic body and tail. METHODS: The clinical and operative data and follow-up results of 214 pancreatic body and tail cancer patients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty/214 pancreatic body and tail cancer patients underwent surgical treatment; the overall resection rate was 59.2% (71/120), and the R0 resection rate was 40.8% (49/120). Compared with non-R0 treatment, the patients receiving an R0 resection had smaller size tumor (P < 0.01), cystadenocarcinoma (P < 0.01), less lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), less peri-pancreatic organ involvement (P < 0.01) and earlier stage disease (P < 0.01). The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates for pancreatic body and tail cancer patients were 12.7% (25/197), 7.6% (15/197) and 2.5% (5/197), respectively, and ductal adenocarcinoma patients had worse survival rates [15.0% (9/60), 6.7% (4/60) and 1.7% (1/60), respectively] than cystadenocarcinoma patients [53.8% (21/39), 28.2% (11/39) and 10.3% (4/39)] (P < 0.01). Moreover, the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with R0 resection were 55.3% (26/47), 31.9% (15/47) and 10.6% (5/47), respectively, significantly better than those in patients with palliative resection [9.5% (2/21), 0 and 0] and in patients with bypass or laparotomy [1.2% (1/81), 0 and 0] (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis is crucial for increasing the radical resection rate, and radical resection plays an important role in improving survival for pancreatic body and tail cancer patients.

To assess the advantage and disadvantage of laparoscopic abdomino-perineal resection and open abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer.Patients with low rectal cancer, collected from July 2003 to April 2006, were randomly divided into laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection group (37 cases) and open abdominoperineal resection group (37 cases). Operation time, number of lymph node removed, intra-operative blood loss, time to pass flatus, time to ambulate, time to discharge, complications, early recurrence, and economical cost were compared between the 2 groups.All patients were performed successfully. For the first 10 patients, operation time of laparoscopic group was significantly longer than that of open group, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Intra-operative blood loss of laparoscopic group was significantly less than that of open group, but it was reverse for the first 10 patients. There was no significant difference in time to pass flatus between the 2 groups. Time to ambulate in laparoscopic group was significantly earlier than that in open group. There was no significant difference in time to discharge between the 2 groups, but it was earlier for perineum closure in laparoscopic group. Relative complications of laparoscopic group, including pulmonary infection, abdominal wound infection or split, were significantly less than those of open group. There was no significant difference in number of lymph nodes removed, early recurrence between the 2 groups. Operation cost of laparoscopic group was significantly higher than that of open group, but there was no significant difference.Advantages of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection were characterized for not only minimal invasion and good cosmetic outcome but also less blood loss, complications, and earlier postoperative recovery. The operation time, total costs and oncological clearance of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection patients were comparable with those of open procedure patients.

291 embryos (Blastocyst/Morula) from 20 donor sows were vitrified by two step method with OPS (open pulled straw) in solution I (TCM199 + 20% FBS + 10% EG + 10% DMSO) for 3min, and solution II (TCM199 + 20% FBS + 20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.4mol/L SUC) for 1min, stored in liquid nitrogen for 3 months, and transferred into 8 recipient sows after warming, one recipient sow was pregnant and 8 alive piglets were born. This is the first paper to report getting alive piglets by vitrification in China.

To investigate the influence of the fermentation conditions on glycosylation of heterologous recombinant protein in yeast Pichia pastoris, the glycosylation of recombinant human interferon omega (rhIFNomega) under various fermentation conditions, e. g., cell density, initial pH, methanol concentration, duration of the induction, and medium volume were studied. The glycosylation of rhIFNomega in the continuous fermentation process under various pH values and in batch fermentation were also investigated. In 250 mL flask, the optimal cell density, initial pH, medium volume, methanol concentration and frequency of methanol induction were 250 g/L (WCW), pH6.0, less than 30 mL, 15 g/L and 3 (in every 24 h), respectively. In the continuous process, the glycosylation of rhIFNomega could be effectively improved by maintaining the pH value at 7.0-7.5. In the batch fermentation process, the expression level of glycosylated and non-glycosylated rhIFNomega were the same, but the specified value of glycosylation/non-glycosylation was significantly lower than that in the flask culture. The reason of this phenomenon will be further studied. This research lay the foundation for the scale-up of production and the enhancement of rhIFNomega glycosylation in Pichia pastoris.