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Background: Remdesivir, a nucleoside analogue antiviral drug developed for Ebola, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID-19. However, the findings of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies vary regarding the effectiveness of remdesivir. We aimed to comprehensively review the available evidence identify the effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19.Methods: Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang database, SinoMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Science Journal Database) were searched for literatures published until November 2020.Following the PRISMA flow diagram, we included RCTs and prospective observational studies that reported the effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. With extracting study details, as well as patient characteristics and outcomes, data were meta-analyzed by using Review Manager software version 5.4.1. Meta-analyses were conducted with fixed-effect model or random-effect model to calculate risk ratio (RR).Results: Four studies involving 2,279 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, 10-day remdesivir was associated with significant increased clinical improvement on days 14 and 28 with RR 1.19 (95%CI 1.09-1.30) and RR 1.09 (95%CI 1.03-1.16). The clinical improvement of 5-day remdesivir was better than 10-day remdesivir on days 7 with RR 1.20 (95%CI 1.02-1.41), but the efficacy advantage of 5-day remdesivir disappeared on days 14 (RR 1.08; 95%CI 0.90-1.29). Remdesivir was associated with lower serious adverse events rates and grade 3 or 4 adverse events rates as compared with placebo with RR 0.75(95%CI 0.63-0.89) and RR 0.89(95%CI 0.80-0.99). Compared with 10-day remdesivir, 5-day remdesivir for patients with COVID-19 decreased the risk of serious adverse events rates and grade 3 or 4 adverse events rates with RR 0.65(95%CI 0.47-0.88) and RR 0.74 (95%CI 0.58-0.95). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggested that remdesivir would increase clinical improvement conditions and decrease serious adverse events on patients with COVID-19. 5-day remdesivir had the similar clinical effectiveness and mortality with 10-day remdesivir, and had lower serious adverse events rate. Comprehensive considering the cost and benefit, 5-day remdesivir may be a better therapeutic option if available medical resources are limited.

Background: The effectiveness of the combination of electroacupuncture (EA) and behavioral training (BT) for mid/advanced cerebral infarction (M/ACI) and related mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects on the learning-memory ability and event-related potential P300 in rats with M/ACI. Methods: Eighty rats with M/ACI were divided into Group Model (M), Group EA, Group BT, and Group EA-BT (n = 20) according to the random number with five healthy rats in Group Control (CON). On the 6th week after modeling, EA, BT, and EA-BT were given to Group EA, Group BT, and Group EA-BT, respectively, whereas Group M and Group CON were not given any intervention. Y-maze test and P300 were recorded before and after the intervention. Results: After intervention, the P300 latency was lower and the amplitude was higher in the Group EA-BT, Group EA, and Group BT than before (for latency, t = −7.638, −4.334, and −5.916; for amplitude, t = 8.125, 3.846, and 5.238; P < 0.01), with Group EA-BT superior to Group EA (for latency, t = −3.708; for amplitude, t = 3.653; P < 0.01) and Group BT (for latency, t = −2.067; for amplitude, t = 2.816; P < 0.05), with no significant difference between Group BT and EA (for latency, t = −1.439; for amplitude, t = 1.075; P > 0.05). While the performances of Y-maze tests in the Group EA-BT, Group EA, and Group BT were all better than before (t = 10.359, 4.520, and 7.791, P < 0.01), with Group EA-BT better than Group EA (t = 5.627, P < 0.01) and Group BT (t = 2.913, P < 0.01) respectively, and Group BT better than Group EA (t = 2.912, P < 0.01). Conclusion: EA or BT can affect P300 in rats with M/ACI, and the combination of these two methods can significantly improve the learning-memory ability.

This paper analyze the facial features of 6 main chinese nationalities using measurement method on face images. We select several measurement and calculation indices according to the facial geometric features of each group. It is found that Mongolia, Korean and Han nationalitis are similar in facial features, while Tibetans and Uighurs nationalities have larger differences. Analysis of the similarities and differences among groups can provide a scientific basis for face recognition of multiple nationalities.

This paper presents a simple approach for facial expression recognition. In the preprocessing stage, rough lips region is obtained from original face image using HSI space. Then, based on the binary image, exact lips region is located within a rectangle. To achieve this goal, PSO algorithm is applied to search for the best rectangle region. Finally, expression is estimated based on the parts ratio of lips. The simulation results show that this geometric approach is accurate and effective, even for the slightly smile.

This paper presents an automatic approach for facial expression deformation. In order to guarantee the expression deformation is dealt with high quality and conveniently, the approach uses two key technologies: the PSO detection and the affine transformation. The simulation results show that this method can produce natural smile expression, without marking the spots manually, especially works well for some shy smile expressions.

Face recognition technology is a significant branch of the study of artificial intelligence, the recognition precision is easily affected by facial expressions, skin colors, beam angles in the images and apparels. This essay tests human face images in the format of 24 BMP and realizes face location and mark of five sense organs. Firstly, color space model is adopted to set up skin color distribution model to segment skin regions; secondly, the obtained regions are judged and screened preliminarily, and optimized based on the characteristics of segmented regions with region optimization algorithm of depth-width ratio, rejecting the region with the similar color of the skin caused by some disturbing factors and other naked parts of the body, through which the rough region of human face could be attained and face location could be realized; finally, five organs of the obtained face region is located with the method of grey level region in combination with searching rectangle.

A method for precise face detection and segmentation is presented combining with the particle swarm optimization. In order to extract face feature precisely, the method uses two key technologies: skin color segmentation and particle swarm search. The experimental results show that this method can eliminate the interference factor, and improve the accuracy of expression recognition, especially well for some single expression recognition.

The landslide runouts not only were controlled by the volumes and vertical movement distances, but also the underlying surface played an important role. The concave, fold line, ladder and bedded types of the landslide underlying surfaces were studied. It aimed at analysis the underlying surfaces influenced on the runouts of the catastrophic landslides. There was significant correlation between the horizontal distances and the volumes, vertical distances in the seismic and rainfall landslides without river blocking. But the relationships showed different power laws in the seismic and rainfall landslides. The relative errors between actual and forecast values of seismic and rainfall landslides reflected that the underlying surface types influenced on the landslide horizontal movement distances. The results showed that the maximum horizontal distances of seismic and rainfall landslides could be predicted based on the landslides volumes, vertical distances and underlying surfaces.

To assess the feasibility and safety of magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) system for examination of human stomach.This pilot study enrolled 34 healthy volunteers. All subjects swallowed the MCE and gas-producing powder for gastric distention. An external robot was used to generate magnetic field to manipulate MCE inside the stomach. The primary measurements included safety, gastric preparation, maneuverability and visualization of gastric mucosa.Gastric preparation and examination was well accepted by subjects and there were no adverse events. The examination in the stomach takes 43.8±10.0min (27-60). The cleanliness was evaluated as good in the 30 (88.2%) subjects and as moderate in 4 (11.8%) subjects. The distention of gastric cavity was evaluated as good in the 29 (85.3%) subjects and moderate in 5 (14.7%) subjects. Maneuverability of the MCE to movements of the guidance magnet robot was graded as good in 29 (85.3%) subjects and moderate in 5 (14.7%) subjects. More than 75% gastric mucosa was visualized in 27 (79.4%) subjects and 50% to 75% in 7 (20.6%) subjects. Visualization of the gastric cardia, fundus, body, angulus, antrum and pylorus was subjectively assessed as complete in 82.4%, 85.3%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 100.0%, respectively. Polyp and erosive lesions were found in 7 subjects.Magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy used for examination of the human stomach is feasible and safe.

Objective To explore the clinically indicated diseases of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy, and summarize and analyze the disease spectrum of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy. Methods By literature research and data mining technique, the clinical study papers relevant to acupoint catgut-embedding therapy published from 1971 to June 2011 were selected, entered and verified, then the effective information were extracted, and finally, the disease spectrum were summarized. Results Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy is indicated for 103 diseases, involving 6 departments, of which there are 50 internal diseases, which is the most, accounting to 48.54%, and 15 surgical diseases, 12 ENT diseases, 11 gynecological diseases and 11 dermatological diseases, and 4 pediatric diseases, which is the least. Meanwhile, according to the rule of “Efficacy acupuncture grading disease spectrum”, the diseases treated with this therapy were graded preliminarily into grade I with 26 diseases, grade II with 30 diseases, and grade III with 8 diseases. Conclusion Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy can be used widely in clinical treatment with much broader disease spectrum, and it is worthy of being spread and applied.

Since lacking of effective management, grid has difficulty to display its advantage. The key problem is the dynamics mechanism of resource configuration. Concerning the resource sharing strategy of grid user, the dynamics model of rational user based on the best-response dynamic mechanism is established. With typical case, the evolution trend of user sharing strategy is analyzed. The result shows that the maximize sharing of grid resources cannot be achieved because of the bounded rationality of grid user. So, the original resource management should be improved to adapt to the actual situation of grid environment.

This paper presents a new method using PSO for face detection, which does not utilize training samples. The method is based on the edge density of the image. In the preprocessing stage a face is approximated to a rectangle. Then PSO algorithm is applied to search for the best rectangle region. The rectangle area with best fitness value will be detected as the face region. Simulation results show that this PSO-based method is convergent and effective, especially for the case of images with the non complex background.

For the upper atmospheric wind field measurement, the conversion relations between the unit of auroral (airglow) intensity Rayleigh and illumination, luminance, height of atmosphere, the photon number are derived. The auroral volume emission rate (VER) of O(1S)557.7nm and O(1D)630.0nm with height is presented. The VER peak values are 668R and 2630R respectively. The results can provide theory for light illumination and brightness of detecting upper atmosphere.

Modulation transfer function (MTF) is an important parameter for one image system. In order to obtain the more imaging quality performance of the modified super-wide-angle Sagnac imaging interferometer (MSASII) put forward by our group, and also have a qualitative analysis of its advantages and disadvantages in the process of application. Its dynamic MTF is focused on in this paper. The dynamic MTF expression of the MSASII is calculated. According to earlier research parameters of the MSASII, the dynamic MTF curve is described and corresponding corrective measures in theoretical is given. The result is demonstrated that the imaging quality of MSASII could satisfy the need of detecting upper atmospheric wind field.

This paper reports on the degradation of gaseous toluene by the photocatalytic oxidation process. The photocatalyst, TiO2 film, was prepared by the sol-gel method and was coated on porous nickel. The photocatalytic decomposition of toluene was carried out in a recirculating batch reactor. The factors that affect toluene decomposition were studied, including particle size of the catalyst, initial toluene concentration, flow rate of toluene in the reactor, relative humidity and reactive temperature. In addition, deactivation of the catalyst is also discussed. The experiment results showed that toluene can be decomposed effectively by the photocatalytic oxidation process, and that toluene degradation obeys the first-order reaction.

To analyze the basic characteristics of effects of acupoint application therapy in order to guide clinical decision better.A database on acupoint application therapy was established first by collection, sorting, screening, recording, collation, data extraction, and statistical analyses of the related literature published in recent 60 years, and using modern computer system. Then, its predominant indications and application rules in clinical practice were analyzed using data mining techniques.Outcomes of data mining showed that the acupoint application therapy was extensively utilized in the treatment of a variety of diseases or clinical conditions (142 in total) in different clinical departments, particularly in the internal medicine which contains 51 types of clinical conditions or diseases (accounting for 35.92%). Among them, the top 3 are asthma, cough, and abdominal pain, with the appearance frequency being 161, 79 and 45 times (= articles) in the domestic journals, respectively. The second one is the paediatric department, containing 30 kinds of diseases or clinical conditions (accounting for 21.13%). Among them, cough (106 articles), asthma (104 articles) and diarrhoea (82 articles) are frequently seen. The surgery department takes the third place, involving 27 disorders (accounting for 19.01%), with lumbago-leg pain being the most (31 articles). In the departments of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, 14 types of disorders (accounting for 9.86%) have been reported, with nasosinusitis being the most (56 papers). This therapy has also been used to treat 10 types of gynecopathy (7.04%) and 10 kinds of dermopathy (7.04%), with dysmenorrhea (37 articles) and shingles (6 articles) being the most. For acupoint application, complex prescriptions of Chinese herbal medicines in the forms of paste and cataplasm are frequently adopted, but with fewer application of enhancer of cutaneous penetration. Regarding the utilized acupoint, local points are often chosen. In the light of the collected papers, the highest effective rate is for dermopathy, followed by surgical problems, gynecopathy, paediatric conditions, and disorders of the internal medicine, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology.Acupoint application therapy has been used for 142 kinds of disorders of different clinical departments, with the dominant indications being asthma, cough, abdominal pain, facial paralysis and constipation in the internal medicine, cough, asthma and diarrhoea in the paediatrics, lumbago-leg pain in the surgery, nasosinusitis in the otorhinolaryngology, and dysmenorrhea of gynecopathy.

To analyze the superiorities of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy, discuss its law of clinical application and provide scientific decision-making for clinical treatment.Literatures on acupoint catgut-embedding therapy in the recent 40 years were selected, input, examined and verified, picked up and analyzed by establishing database with the modern computer technology.(1) One thousand and seventy-five literatures were input. It shows that the acupoint catgut-embedding therapy has an extensive application in all departments, especially in the internal department, accounting for 48.54% (50/103) of the total disease category. It has the most extensive application on treatment of epigastric pain, with the frequency of 102 times, and obesity of 74 times. The next is surgery, accounting for 14.56% (15/103). The major application is on low back pain and leg pain with the frequency of 79 times. Psoriasis, with the frequency of 30 times, holds the major application in dermatological department. And blepharoplasty, with the frequency of 30 times, gains the most application in department of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. (2) In the included literatures, selection of adjacent acupoints and distal acupoints are held as the major method of acupoint selection. The adjusted lumbar puncture needle is taken as the major tool for the acupoint catgut-embedding therapy. And catguts of different sizes are adopted for the operation. (3) Analysis of the therapeutic effect shows that acupoint catgut-embedding therapy has obvious effect in all departments, especially in surgery and dermatology, with the total effective rate over 90%.Epigastric pain, obesity, epilepsy, asthma, abdominal pain, facial paralysis and constipation of the internal medicine, low back pain and leg pain of the surgical department, psoriasis of the dermatological department and blepharoplasty of the department of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology are considered as the dominant diseases for acupoint catgut-embedding therapy.

To analyze the regularities and characters of clinical application of red-hot needle therapy in ancient and modern literature of Chinese medicine by using data mining techniques, so as to provide a reference for study on the specificity of efficacy of red-hot needle therapy.Sample data was collected from some medical books, medical cases, reports of modern journals for calculating frequent item sets by using methods of association rules of data mining. Then, the collected data was extracted, sorted out, and summed up by using our newly developed literature database platform of red-hot needle therapy in order to find out the most suitable indications of this therapy in clinical practice.A total of 6 categories of clinical conditions treated by red-hot needle therapy were found. Among them, the frequency times (percentages) of red-hot needle application for surgical problems appeared in journals, medical cases and medical books are 287 times (49.83%), 235 times (48.96%), 154 times (41.73%), respectively. The frequency times of red-hot needle application for disorders of internal medicine and dermatology are 276 times and 360 times. Among the 115 categories of clinical conditions or diseases treated by red-hot needle appeared in journals, arthromyodynia and struma are frequently found, with the frequency being 115 and 46 times, separately. The total effective rates of the present therapy from higher to lower are 99.46% for pediatric problems, 98.65% five sensory organs department, 97.32% surgery, 96.66% dermatology, 96.34% gynecology, and 93.95% internal medicine, respectively. Among the 97 types of clinical conditions recorded in the literature on medical cases, aural verruca is more frequently seen apart from arthromyodynia and struma. In medical books, 94 types of clinical conditions treated by red-hot needle therapy are found, including 32 types of problems of internal medicine.Data mining results show that red-hot needle therapy has been widely used in different clinical departments, and more frequently used in surgery (mainly orthopedic and general surgery), internal medicine (mainly neurology and gastroenterology), dermatology.

To supply necessary bacteria and available nutrients, a method of returning backwashing wastewater to the bio-filter for removal of iron and manganese was used. The ecological stability of bio-filter was investigated from 3 aspects: iron and manganese removal efficiency, micro-ecological characteristics and the quantity distribution of dominant bacteria. The results indicated that, the bio-filter held strong antishock loading capability, when the system was operated at high filtration rate (10-13.9 m/h) and high manganese concentration (3.5-4.5 mg/L), a removal rate more than 98.9% of iron and manganese was achieved. Iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria are the dominant microflora in biological filtering layer, they not only adhere on filter sand materials (4.3 x 10(6) MPN/mL) to form compact biofilm, but also exist among filter materials void (6.5 x 10(6) MPN/mL) to form suspended flocs, which is very important to complete removal of iron and manganese. In the past 5 years, the bio-filter realized a continuous and stable operation and kept a high removal efficiency of iron and manganese without adding any nutrients.

—Community network discovery algorithm requires many different community network data to evaluate the algorithm performance. The data sets currently we use are from the reality. During the experiment, these data sets require a large number of pre-work, but the range of their parameters is relatively limited. This paper presents two random community network generation algorithms. They can respectively generate uniform community network and non-uniform community network. At the same time, this paper builds a visible platform. Our experiment results show that the algorithms for generating random community network are feasible and can be used as test data sets generation to test community discovery algorithm.

A class of stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown bounded parameters and zero dynamics are considered in this paper. By a series of coordinate changes, the original system is re-parameterized, which is suit for using the reduced-order observer and 1-dimension adaptive law to reduce the dynamic order of closed-loop system. In adaptive backstepping design, the quadratic and the quartic Lyapunov functions are presented simultaneously to reduce the static order of nonlinearities. It is shown that all the solutions of the closed-loop system are regulated to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin in probability. Due to the order reduction of the controller, the design scheme in this paper has more practical values. A simulation example demonstrates the control scheme.

The paper mainly discusses the waiting time of the kidney transplant problem to establish a M/M/C queuing model based on hierarchy process; the first tier is the classification method of the patient types, the second is grade, allocation policy and other factors of kidney origin concerned in the method. Each tier is structured by one or more M/M/C queuing model. To solve the model, the system is adjusted to be optimized in the service. In this paper, a group of patients are analyzed, the results can be easily generalized to the whole kidney transplantation service system.

This paper focuses on the robust passive control problem of singular systems with uncertainties which is described by state space. Specifically the impulse of the singular systems is considered. We develop a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach for designing the robust impulse passive state feedback controller and the output feedback controller such that the closed-loop system is quadratically stable, strictly passive and impulse free for all the admissible uncertainties. Finally, we testify the feasibility of the theorems by the numerical examples.

The performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems for treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant was investigated. In UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H2O2 dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2 system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reach 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3 dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3 system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.