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BACKGROUND Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) uses the hydrophilic layer of liposomes to reach the sweat on the skin surface or accumulate in the sweat glands, producing toxic free radicals and oxidative damage, resulting in hand-foot syndrome (HFS). Regional cooling can induce vasoconstriction to reduce the release of drugs in the limbs and reduce the accumulation of drugs in sweat glands; thus, decreasing the incidence and severity of HFS. AIM To study the efficacy of cooling patches to prevent HFS caused by PLD in the short-term. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. Female breast cancer patients (n = 101) who were treated with PLD in two breast wards at our department from February 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into the cooling group (51 patients) and the control group (50 patients). Patients in the control group only received routine care, while the patients in the cooling group applied cooling patches, based on routine care, to the palm and back of the hands 15 min before chemotherapy infusion for 10 h. All patients took a corresponding dose of dexamethasone orally one day before chemotherapy, on the day of chemotherapy, and one day after chemotherapy. SPSS23.0 version was used to analyze the data in this study. The occurrence and severity of HFS was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, and scores were analyzed by the Student’s t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. A P value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS In this study, neither group of patients developed Grade 3 HFS. In the control group, the incidence of Grade 1 HFS and Grade 2 HFS was 38% and 2%, respectively. However, in the cooling group, only one person developed Grade 1 HFS (2%), and none of the patients developed Grade 2 HFS. These findings showed that cooling patches can effectively reduce the frequency and severity of HFS (P < 0.0001) in the short-term. Before the fourth chemotherapy cycle, although general self-efficacy scale scores in the cooling group were low, they were still significantly higher than those in the control group (17.22 ± 5.16 vs 19.63 ± 6.42, P = 0.041). Compared with the control group, the mean Hand-Foot Skin Reaction and Quality of Life Questionnaire score in the cooling group was significantly lower (18.08 ± 7.01 vs 14.20 ± 7.39, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Cooling patches can effectively reduce the frequency and severity of HFS caused by PLD in the short-term. In addition, it may help delay the decline in patients’ self-efficacy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of laparoscopic surgery on inflammatory factors and immunoglobulin in patients with endometriosis. Methods: A total of 84 endometriosis patients were divided into observation group (42 cases) and control group (42 cases). The observation group patients were undergone laparoscopic surgery, and the control group patients were undergone laparotomy. The inflammatory factors (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) and immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG, IgA) were tested and compared before and after treatment in two groups. Results: The two groups inflammatory factors (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) levels increased significantly after operation, and the control group increased more significantly than in the observation group; There was no significant difference on IgM and IgA after operation in two groups, IgG reduced significantly after treatment, and the control group increased more significantly than in observation group. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery has little effect on the inflammatory response and immune function in patients with endometriosis.

Rationale To date, the quantification of binding affinities for non-covalent complexes between cyclodextrin (CD) and alkali cations including Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ has not been investigated in detail by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) due to the unknown ionization efficiencies of the different species. In this study, the binding constants of CD-Cs+ complexes were determined by an improved mass spectrometric titration methodology, which was based only on the peak intensities of equilibrium CD. Hence, the discrepancy of ionization efficiencies of CD, alkaline cation and their complex would not affect the measurement. Then the obtained lgKa values were provided as references for competitive ESI-MS. The binding constants for complexes of α-, β- or γ-CD with Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+ could be derived directly and quickly. Methods The lgKa values between α-, β- or γ-CD and Cs+ data were processed by curve fitting. These lgKa values were provided as references for competitive ESI-MS. In addition, linear fit equations for complexes of α-, β- or γ-CD with Cs+ were derived. Through the linear fit equations of competitive ESI-MS, the binding constants for complexes of Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+ with α-, β- or γ-CD were acquired. Results Results showed that the binding constant (lgKa) values for the complexes of Cs+ with α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins were 3.94, 3.88 and 3.80, respectively, revealing that the binding strength decreased with the increase in diameter of cyclodextrins. The competitive ESI-MS results showed a clear trend of decreasing affinity for complexes of cyclodextrins in the order of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+. Conclusions The binding constants of non-covalent cyclodextrin-alkali cation complexes have been systematically studied by an improved mass spectrometric titration and competitive ESI-MS. Also, the structural features of the complexes were discussed. Our results are valuable for better understanding of mechanisms driving inclusion chemistry under well-defined conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

To investigate the non‐covalent interaction between cyclodextrins (CD) and lithium ion, a stoichiometry of α‐CD, β‐CD, heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐CD (DM‐β‐CD), or heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐CD (TM‐β‐CD) was mixed with lithium salt, respectively, and then incubated at room temperature for 10 min to reach the equilibrium. In positive mode, the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) results demonstrated that lithium ion can conjugate to α‐, β‐, DM‐β‐ or TM‐β‐CD and form 1:1 stoichiometric non‐covalent complexes. The binding of the complexes was further confirmed by collision‐induced dissociation. The dissociation constants Kd1 of four complexes (Li+α‐CD, Li+β‐ CD, Li+DM‐β‐CD, and Li+TM‐β‐CD) were determined by mass spectrometric titration. The results showed Kd1 were 18.7, 26.7, 33.6, 30.5 μmol/L for the complexes of Li+ with α‐CD, β‐CD, DM‐β‐CD, and TM‐β‐CD, respectively. Kd1 for the Li+ complexes of β‐CD is smaller than that of DM‐β‐CD due to its steric effect of the partial substituted ‐CH3. The Kd1 for the Li+ complexes of DM‐β‐CD is nearly in agreement with that of TM‐β‐CD, indicating Li+ is more likely to locate in the small rim of DM‐β‐CD's hydrophobic cavity. The DFT results showed through electrostatic interaction, one Li+ can strongly conjugate to four neighboring oxygen atoms. For the (α‐CD+Li)+ complex, one Li+ may also situate the small rim of α‐CD's hydrophobic cavity to form a non‐specific host‐guest complex.