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Economic forests are crucial sources of food and nutrition. To guarantee national grain and oil security, it is extremely important to investigate the spatial association between cutting quotas and the economic forest planting. The logging quota scheme increases uncertainty about the future benefits of forestry management. This limits the scale expansion of the timber forest planting industry and dampens the societal enthusiasm for economic forest planting. The severity of logging control in the northern China has been increasing from the standpoint of spatial distribution, which has caused the economic forest planting center of gravity to shift south. Economic forests can meet citizens' needs for wholesome food and ensure the safety of the nation's food supply under a favorable food outlook. The spatial correlation between the logging quota and economic forest plantations was examined using the centroid model based on data from the fourth to ninth national forest resource inventories. A spatial Dubin model was used to test the spatial spillover effects of logging quotas on economically important forest plantations. Additionally, two tasks were completed to guarantee the reliability of the estimation results. After variable replacement and first-order difference processing, a robustness test was conducted using a spatial Durbin model. The system of the GMM estimation endogeneity test came in second place. The findings indicated that the economic forest planting center primarily moved within the Henan Province, and that its overall migration distance was 235.13 km to the southwest. The ratio of the logging quota to forest stock shifted its center of gravity from Henan to Hubei Province and moved southwest across a migration distance of 300.4 km. The spatial separation of the two barycenters' was stable, but the consistency index fluctuated in an inverted U-shape, and the spatial coupling was typically high. At the regional level, the southwestern and southern forests exhibited considerable spatial- overlap and -coupling, whereas the northern forest experienced considerable fluctuations and an improved trend. The logging quotas and commercial forest planting have a spatial relationship. The two barycenters' local spatial patterns exhibited "high-high" and "low-low" agglomeration traits. The scale of economic forest planting has benefited spatially from logging quotas. In addition to encouraging the growth of the local economic forest planting scale, increasing the relative quantity of the logging quota was helpful in the growth of the economic forest planting scale in nearby areas. At the regional level, the southern forest area had a stronger and less pronounced spatial spillover effect than the northern forest area. The spatial spillover effect of the relaxation of the tending logging quota was obviously greater than the spatial spillover effect of the relaxation of the main logging quota, as seen from the perspective of the logging quota structure. This study enhances the theoretical justification for farmers' planting structure adjustment, in addition to resolving the problem of analyzing the trend of farmers' changing planting structures from a microscopic perspective. The conclusions of this study serve as a guide for improving the spatial layout of economic forest planting and the logging quota system.

In recent years, large language model have demonstrated outstanding capabilities across multiple natural language processing tasks, greatly aiding the development of intelligent law systems. Existing large language model in the law domain, primarily focuses on fine-tuning foundation model for simple question answering tasks in legal consultation, have not considered other application scenarios in the legal field, such as legal information extraction, judgment prediction, etc. Real world law services are far more complex than dialogues. LawLLM was proposed, a Chinese law intelligent large language model, capable of providing diverse law services for different user groups. Additionally, the application of information extraction on long-context judicial documents in the law domain was explored. The average performance of LawLLM on Lawbench outperforms all the compared large language models, being 0.19% higher than the 175 billion parameter GPT-3.5-Turbo model. LawLLM’s average performance on few-shot tasks on Lawbench is slightly lower than GPT-3.5-Turbo, by 0.02%.

Abstract In the restoration of ancient Chinese books, handmade starch paste serves as a paper adhesive, distinguished from traditional starch paste preparation methods. It involves special processes such as starch washing and aging, relying entirely on the artisanal expertise throughout the entire process. The study recreates the process of making handmade starch paste for the restoration of traditional ancient books and investigates the effects of aging time on the apparent viscosity, rheological properties, and adhesive performance of the paste. The results indicate that during aging, the pH of the starch paste decreases significantly, but it has a minimal impact on its apparent viscosity, rheological properties, and paper softness. However, it notably enhances the adhesive performance, with the optimal results observed after 3 days of aging. This is attributed to the decrease in residual protein content in the starch, as well as the significant improvement in swelling power and solubility of the starch. The results of infrared spectroscopy and XRD testing reveal that there are no significant changes in the molecular and crystalline structures of starch during the aging process. The acidic environment produced by starch fermentation promotes protein hydrolysis, emerging as the primary reason for the improved adhesive performance of the paste.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has garnered increasing attention due to its long-term effects on patients and the rising incidence of brain injuries in emergency department visits in recent years. The timing of pharmacological and surgical interventions plays a crucial role in disease progression. Correctly selecting and controlling the optimal treatment timing can greatly improve the patient prognosis.This review presents the latest advancements in research on the time effect of TBI in both basic and clinical studies. It summarizes the practical value of the surgical time window for TBI and further clarifies the impact of intervention timing on the prognosis of TBI patients, ultimately contributing to reducing healthcare burdens, improving patient quality of life,enhancing surgical outcomes,and providing accurate guidance for clinical treatment.

The distribution and evolution of nutrients in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters have always been a hot research topic on the geochemical cycle of biogenic elements in the northwest continental margin of the west Pacific Ocean as well as the focus of research on the eutrophication, environmental quality supervision, and comprehensive pollution control in the Bohai Sea. We conducted a survey on the current status of nutrients and related environmental factors in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters in May and August 2023, during which period the primary production was high. Historical data from the past 20 years were collected and summarized to analyze and reveal the potential trends of nutrient composition and structure in the Yellow River estuary and to elaborate the current status and main influencing factors of nutrients in the Yellow River estuary. The main results are presented as follows.The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) varied wider and higher in August than that in May, 2023. The higher concentration was located outside the Yellow River mouth and west Laizhou Bay, and the DIN concentration gradually decreased toward the northwest and southeast from the Yellow River mouth. The lower value appeared in the northern waters of the Yellow River estuary. Although the average DIN concentrations in August were about half that in May, the variation of DIN concentrations in August was larger than that in May, with the highest value in August being about twice that of May and the lowest value being only about 1/10 that of May. Vertically, the surface layer showed the highest DIN concentrations, followed by the bottom layer, and the middle layer showed the lowest concentration. The concentration of DIP located at wider and higher ranges in August than that in May, which was similar to DIN. The DIP distribution was generally similar to that of DIN in tendency, whereas the average DIP concentration in May was comparable to that in August. Meanwhile, the difference in the surface, middle, and bottom concentrations in August was smaller than that in May. The concentration of DIN and DIP in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in May was about 4 and 2 times higher than that outside the mouth of Yellow River, whereas that in August was about 10 and 4 times higher, respectively.Nitrate was the main component of DIN, accounting for 50.7%–96.5% (average 85.2%) in May and 3.9%–99.1% (average 57.1%) in August, respectively. Although the DIN composition was consistent between May and August, the percentage variation in the DIN composition was significant, and the percentage variation between DIN compositions in August was much larger than that in May. The DIN to phosphate ratio (N/P) waved at a wide range in both May and August, with a high average N/P of far from Redfield Ratio, among which the lowest N/P of 43.7 was observed in May. The average N/P of the lower reaches of the Yellow River was 910.7 in May and 410.9 in August. In comparison, the surface N/P was relatively high, approximately 1.5 and 3 times that of the bottom and middle layers.The DIN concentration in the Yellow River estuary increased to 60 μmol/L before 2006, decreased to 30 μmol/L in 2009, and then remained under 30 μmol/L until 2023. The DIP concentration showed peak vales in 2005 and 2013 after increasing from those in 2006 to 2008 and were maintained at lower levels in the other years. The DIN was dominated mainly by nitrate in the past 20 years, followed by ammonia, and then nitrite. In episodic cases, ammonia and nitrite contributed to more than 80% of the total DIN, which may be related to strong terrestrial inputs and weak oxidizing conditions in the bottom water. The nitrogen/phosphorus ratio in the Yellow River estuary continued to increase in the past 20 years. Based on the developing trend of nutrient composition and structure in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters, the imbalance of "more nitrogen and less phosphorus" may be further intensified. DIN and silicate both showed a significant linear correlation with salinity, indicating that surface runoff was the major input pathway for nutrients in the Yellow River estuary. The discrete point plots of DIN components and DO indicated a clustered distribution, indicating that DIN components and DO were influenced by some common factors, and the direct interaction between the two was weak or rapidly reached an equilibrium state. There was no obvious evidence of groundwater transport in study area, and the contribution and mechanism of dissolved organic matter conversion and primary production to nutrients must be understood through further investigation.The results of principal component analysis indicated that the composition and structure of nutrients may significantly characterize the water properties of the Yellow River estuary. The extreme variations in the composition and distribution of nutrients, as well as the high nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, could push the water environment quality situation into a more severe status in the Yellow River estuary.

Calcium sulfate, generally in the form of gypsum or bassanite, is a significant component in oil well cement. The impact of gypsum/bassanite on the fluid loss of cement slurry was thoroughly examined with varied concentrations of a 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid based fluid loss additive (AMPS-FLA). It was found that bassanite in cement was more conducive to decreasing the fluid loss than gypsum. The results showed that the dissolution rate of bassanite in cement slurry was faster than that of gypsum, generating more Ca2+ and resulting in a reduction in the adsorption capacity of the AMPS-FLA on cement particle surfaces. The adsorption mechanism of FLAs cannot explain the result. This study discovered that the equilibrium concentration of the AMPS-FLA in the pore solution had a good functional relationship with the fluid loss, which was not impacted by cement components. Increasing the equilibrium concentration helped reduce the fluid loss.

Abstract Aims To establish a comprehensive understanding of the roles of midwives and the challenges they encounter in the prevention, diagnosis and management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) following normal vaginal delivery. Design We conducted a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) recommendations. Methods We considered studies related to the roles of midwives and the challenges they encounter in the prevention, diagnosis and management of PPH during vaginal delivery. We excluded guidelines, consensuses, abstracts of meetings and non‐English language studies. Databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Medline, Embase, JBI EBP and BIOSIS Previews, were searched on January 1, 2023, with no time limitations. Results We included 28 publications. Midwives play important roles in the prevention, diagnosis and management of postpartum haemorrhage during vaginal delivery. In the prevention of PPH, midwives' roles include identifying and managing high‐risk factors, managing labour and implementing skin‐to‐skin contact. In the diagnosis of PPH, midwives' roles include early recognition and blood loss estimation. In the management of PPH, midwives are involved in mobilizing other professional team members, emergency management, investigating causes, enhancing uterine contractions, the repair of perineal tears, arranging transfers and preparation for surgical intervention. However, midwives face substantial challenges, including insufficient knowledge and skills, poor teamwork skills, insufficient resources and the need to deal with their negative emotions. Midwives must improve their knowledge, skills and teamwork abilities. Health care system managers and the government should give full support to midwives. Future research should focus on developing clinical practice guidelines for midwives for preventing, diagnosing and managing postpartum haemorrhage.

Abstract Aims The aims are to describe the key components of family integrated care intervention for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and assess the impact on breastfeeding outcomes for those infants. Design A scoping review. Methods We conducted a systematic study search based on the databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CNKI and Wanfang Database in December 2022. The search time ranged from database establishment to 31 December 2022. Papers by manual searching were also listed on the references. We adopted Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual methodology and followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) to conduct the review. Two independent reviewers filtered the papers, extracted data and synthesized the findings. A table was used to extract data and synthesize results. Results After systematic searching, 11 articles that implemented family integrated care (FIcare) were finally included in this scoping review. By analysing the implementation of this nursing model, we identified seven main components: NICU staff training, parent education, parent participation in infants' care, parent involvement in medical plans, peer support, NICU environmental support and mobile app for parents. Based on the extracted breastfeeding data, this scoping review concludes that family integrated care shows a positive effect on increasing breastfeeding rates at discharge. Through this scoping review, we find that family integrated care is feasible and it can support breastfeeding of preterm infants. Further studies will be needed to provide more evidence that family integrated care could facilitate breastfeeding of preterm infants. Impact This scoping review provides evidence for the positive role of family integrated care on breastfeeding outcomes. The analysis may contribute to the implementation of family integrated care. No patient or public contribution No further public or patient contribution was made in view of the review‐based nature of the research.

CoMn2O4 (CMO) has been recognized as an effective peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator; however, it still shows disadvantages such as limited reactive sites and metal leakage. Herein, an effective and environmentally friendly composite catalyst, CMO/Kln, was synthesized by anchoring CMO on kaolinite (Kln), a natural clay mineral with a special lamellar structure, to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of residue pharmaceuticals in water. The abundant hydroxyl groups located on the surface of Kln helped induce rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) into composite CMO/Kln, which not only acted as additional active sites but also accelerated working efficiency. In addition, compared with bare CMO, CMO/Kln showed lower crystallinity, and the adoption of the Kln substrate contributed to its structural stability with lower metal leaching after three rounds of reaction. The universal applicability of CMO/Kln was also verified by using three other pharmaceuticals as probes. This work shed light on the adoption of natural clay minerals in modifying CMO catalysts with promoted catalytic activity for the efficient and eco-friendly remediation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater.

Carbon peak and neutralization, land space ecological restoration, and sustainable management of sea areas and islands are all important components of national development strategies. In recent years, owing to the impact of natural factors, human interference, and global climate change, the ecosystem of the southeast coast of Hainan has been seriously damaged, and its carbon sink function has decreased significantly. This decline in the ecological quality of the southeast coast of Hainan is inconsistent with the positioning requirements of the Hainan Free Trade Port and the National Ecological Civilisation Construction Pilot Zone. Thus, ecosystem restoration based on carbon storage needs to be urgently explored. Using the southeast coast of Hainan Island as an example, the carbon storage module based on the InVEST model, combined with the land use data of the study area in 2000, 2010, and 2020, the carbon storage of the study area was estimated. The carbon sink and carbon source areas were divided, and the carbon storage function was evaluated. Over the past two decades, carbon loss in the study area has been identified, and areas with serious carbon loss were identified, with the ecological restoration functional area divided. The results showed that the ecosystem in the study area was damaged to varying degrees, decreasing by 1.11 Gt over 20 years. Traditionally, the area of the carbon source is always larger than that of the carbon sink. Areas with poor and extremely poor carbon storage functions were 39.84 and 27.31 km2, respectively. According to the superposition results of the carbon storage function and terrestrial ecosystem service value, four restoration units (natural restoration area, artificial auxiliary area, reconstruction restoration area, and moderate development area) were selected. In light of the different restoration areas and under the guidance of land space planning and the idea of carbon neutral and carbon peaks, ecological restoration strategies, including rehabilitation and restoration of wetlands, shoreline restoration, wetland reconstruction, and strengthening supervision, have been proposed in a targeted and differentiated manner. The research results have important reference value for strengthening the protection of the restoration area in the southeast coastal zone of Hainan, stabilizing the carbon storage capacity, reversing the trend of carbon loss, and realizing effective protection and restoration of the damaged ecosystem. Furthermore, the ecological service function and quality of coastal zones, and the marine ecological compensation mechanism, can be further improved.

Three different iridium(III) complexes, labelled as Ir1–Ir3, each bearing a unique anchoring moiety (diethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylate, tetraethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-diylbis(phosphonate), or [2,2′-biquinoline]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid), were synthesized to serve as photosensitizers. Their electrochemical and photophysical characteristics were systematically investigated. ERP measurements were employed to elucidate the impact of the anchoring groups on the photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance of the complexes. The novel iridium(III) complexes were integrated with platinized TiO2 (Pt–TiO2) nanoparticles and tested for their ability to catalyze hydrogen production under visible light. A H2 turnover number (TON) of up to 3670 was obtained upon irradiation for 120 h. The complexes with tetraethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-diylbis(phosphonate) anchoring groups were found to outperform those bearing other moieties, which may be one of the important steps in the development of high-efficiency iridium(III) photosensitizers for hydrogen generation by water splitting. Additionally, toxicological analyses found no significant difference in the toxicity to luminescent bacteria of any of the present iridium(III) complexes compared with that of TiO2, which implies that the complexes investigated in this study do not pose a high risk to the aquatic environment compared to TiO2.

BackgroundPassive residual heat-removal system (PRHRS) based on natural circulation has been widely used in small reactors connected on secondary side loop.PurposeThis study aims to develop and analyze a passive residual heat-removal system on the secondary side of a small reactor to improve reactor safety.MethodsBased on the completed heat-transfer experiment of the intermediate circuit of a small integrated nuclear power plant, Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program (RELAP) was employed to determine and analyze the natural circulation characteristics of the intermediate loop were determined and analyzed.ResultsThe heat transfer rate results of the program are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the natural cycle characteristics of PRHRS can be characterized. The pressure of the system loop is determined by the average temperature of the primary side of the steam generator (SG), and the difference in the inlet temperature of the SG primary side, mass flow rate, and height of the cooling and heating sources significantly influence the heat-transfer performance of the SG system. The heat-transfer performance of the waste-heat-removal system is more sensitive to the resistance of the system loop when the temperature of the primary-side inlet of the SG is higher.ConclusionsThese results provide a valuable application for further investigations of passive systems in small reactors.

BackgroundExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 6 weeks postpartum is key to continued breastfeeding. This study aimed to explore the role of EBF-related predictors (particularly breastfeeding intention) in breastfeeding behavior among preterm mothers at week 6 postpartum based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB).MethodsA total of 352 mothers of preterm infants were recruited, 340 of whom participated in this study. Prior to discharge, participants completed the Chinese versions of the modified Breastfeeding Attrition Predictive Tool, the Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire (BKQ), the Infant Feeding Intention, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Responses to the items of the Breastfeeding Behavioral Questionnaire (BBQ) were also collected by telephone at week 6 postpartum. The final analyses included 321 participants who completed the full two-wave data collection.ResultsThe fitness indices of the modified TPB model were acceptable. Breastfeeding knowledge and EBF before discharge positively impacted breastfeeding intention, whereas depression had a negative impact. Before discharge, breastfeeding intention fully mediated the impacts of breastfeeding attitude, social and professional support, knowledge, depression, and EBF on breastfeeding behavior and partially mediated the influence of perceived breastfeeding control on breastfeeding behavior.ConclusionThese findings indicate that TPB accurately predicts breastfeeding behavior among preterm mothers at week 6 postpartum, and breastfeeding intention is key to the above-mentioned EBF-related factors and breastfeeding behavior. The findings underline the need for further longitudinal studies and corresponding interventions for preterm mothers with a high risk of EBF attrition.

Objective: To solve the problems of poor accuracy and low sorting efficiency of the existing string fruits in robot sorting. Methods: Based on the structure of the high-speed parallel food sorting system, the improved SURF algorithm and the improved RANSAC algorithm were combined to locate the grab points of the food sorting robot, and a three-dimensional grab model was established to realize the automatic and stable grab of string fruits. Taking grapes as an example, the superiority and accuracy of the proposed method were verified by experiments. Results: Compared with the conventional method, the proposed method improved the average capture success rate by about 15.00% and the average capture time by 0.101 s. Conclusion: The food sorting robot can effectively improve the accuracy of the positioning of the holding points of string fruits, and has a high success rate.

The leakage of urban natural gas pipes may cause significant safety hazards and economic losses. Autonomous inspection of these pipes using quadruped robots is an effective inspection method. This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm combining optimized RRT* and DWA(ORRT*-DWA) to solve the path planning problem faced by quadruped robots in urban environment. Firstly, the RRT* algorithm is optimized through three strategies, including probability-based sampling, extended node filtering, and adaptive step size. The ORRT* algorithm is then integrated with the DWA algorithm to form the new path planning algorithm. The ORRT*-DWA algorithm achieves higher efficiency in path optimization and enables local dynamic obstacle avoidance. Then, the performance of ORRT*-DWA algorithm is compared with RRT* algorithm and the informed RRT* algorithm. Results show that the global planning path length is reduced by 8.9% and the actual path length by 4.2%. Finally, a field test conducted in a 100 m × 50 m urban residential area shows that the ORRT*-DWA algorithm plans shorter and smoother paths compared to the informed RRT* algorithm, achieving a 9.7% reduction in path length.

Solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technology is the integration of PV modules and solar collectors, which can simultaneously generate electricity and provide thermal energy. The overall efficiency and the space utilization efficiency will be improved simultaneously by the combination of two modules. The types of PV/T technology and related theoretical researches were summarized firstly in this review. By focusing on the heat loss and overtemperature problem of flat-panel PV/T technology, the design progress has been reviewed and analyzed. The state-of-art study on integration of phase change materials with PV/T (PV/T-PCM) technology was comprehensively summarized. The deficiencies in the research and the future development tendency were also prospected in order to provide theoretical guidance for further development of PV/T systems.

Abstract Breastfeeding plays an important role in the growth and development of preterm infants, and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 6 weeks post‐partum is the key to continuous breastfeeding. This study was designed to explore the influencing factors that contribute to breastfeeding attrition among mothers of preterm infants at Week 6 post‐partum based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). We herein adopted a prospective observational study design in which 97 mothers who exclusively breastfed at Week 6 post‐partum at a tertiary specialised hospital in Shanghai from June 2021 to February 2022 were taken as the EBF group, and 179 mothers without EBF were assigned to the EBF attrition group. Through an extensive literature review and expert consultation, we determined the possible factors influencing EBF attrition, analysed those factors that showed statistical significance in our univariate analysis by applying binary logistic regression, and constructed a nomogram model for predicting EBF attrition. The results revealed that negative breastfeeding sentiment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.006; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000–1.011) generated a greater risk of breastfeeding attrition. However, positive breastfeeding sentiment (OR = 0.991; 95% CI, 0.983–0.999), social and professional support (OR = 0.993; 95% CI, 0.987–0.999), breastfeeding control (OR = 0.945; 95% CI, 0.896–0.996), knowledge (OR = 0.893; 95% CI, 0.799–0.998), and intention to EBF at Week 6 post‐partum (OR = 0.522; 95% CI, 0.276–0.988) were the protective factors and facilitated the development of our nomogram model. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test generated a χ2 value of 11.344 (p = 0.183) and an area under the curve of 0.822 (95% CI, 0.771–0.873). The C‐index was 0.800 in the internal bootstrap validation, indicating that the nomogram model possessed favourable predictive accuracy and discrimination.

Objective To synthesize ethylene glycol chitosan-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (GC-DTPA), and evaluate its cytocompatibility and systemic toxicity within the dose range of routine use. Methods DTPA was grafted onto ethylene glycol chitosan (GC) by organic synthesis and chemical cross-linking method, and was subsequently characterized with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of GC-DTPA on the proliferation of ICE-6 cells. In addition, 80 healthy SPF SD rats (aged 6~8 weeks, body weight 180~220 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=20): control group (given normal saline), and experimental groups (60, 90 and 120 mg/kg GC-DTPA, respectively by intragastric gavage). The change of body weight and survival rate of rats in each group were observed. Blood routine test and blood biochemical examination were performed in the rats on the 14th day after gavage with aid of automatic blood humoral and biochemical immunoassay analyzers respectively. Then, the rats were sacrificed and the pathological changes of organs were observed after HE staining. Results FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H-NMR suggested that DTPA was successfully grafted onto GC, and GC-DTPA exhibited excellent cytocompatibility, with cell viability all above 90% after its treatment at different concentrations. In 14 d after administration, no significant differences were seen in the results of blood routine and blood biochemical tests, or in pathological changes of organs and tissues in each group. Conclusion The GC-DTPA synthesized by chemical synthesis and cross-linking method shows no obvious cytotoxicity, and no systemic toxicity is seen even after oral administration dose up to 120 mg/kg

This paper summarized the key points of nursing cooperation for a patient undergoing mixed-reality system guided resection of endometrial malignancy. key points of nursing included preoperative preparation, management of surgical instruments and equipments, preoperative investigation of precision and perioperative nursing cooperation. Based on the establishment of intelligent management system, mixed-reality technology has advantages in postoperative education, postoperative evaluation, preoperative investigation of precision, guidance of intraoperative operation and postoperative clinical teaching. (本文总结1例在混合现实技术引导下行腹腔镜子宫内膜恶性肿瘤切除术的护理配合要点, 包括术前准备、手术物品准备、术中护理配合等。通过构建手术室智能管理平台, 将混合现实技术应用于妇科腹腔镜的术前宣教、术前评估、术前精准讨论、术中操作引导以及术后临床教学, 具有明显优势。)

This study aims to improve the cementation effect of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology on calcareous sand in the marine environment. On the basis of previous studies, the multi-gradient artificial domestication and culture test of Sporosarcina pasteurii in the artificial seawater environment was carried out. Combined with the mechanical test and microstructural analysis of MICP-cemented calcareous sand column, the domestication effect of Sporosarcina pasteurii was evaluated. The results showed that: (1) The bacterial concentration after five-gradient domestication in the seawater environment can reach more than 97% of that in the freshwater environment, and after interaction with cementing fluid, the carbonate production was increased to a certain extent compared with that in the freshwater environment. (2) The domesticated Sporosarcina pasteurii had a strong temperature adaptability, and it had a good MICP performance at 10 ℃ to 30 ℃. (3) Both carbonate production and unconfined compressive strength of calcareous sand columns cemented in the seawater environment were higher than those before domestication, especially for the bacteria after five-gradient domestication. The bacteria after domestication became smaller, thus the carbonate crystals (calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate) generated in the seawater environment became smaller and denser. They can better fill the pores between calcareous sand particles and cement the adjacent calcareous sand particles, indicating that the Sporosarcina pasteurii after domestication had an excellent MICP performance. The relevant ideas and methods can provide reference for the research and application of MICP technology in the reinforcement of calcareous sand foundation in the seawater environment.

In this study, different processes are performed for the preparation of natural rubber latex (NRL)/silica composites. A novel approach is to use spray sputtering technology combined with in situ method to improve the dispersion of silica in rubber latex matrix and further improve the properties of vulcanizates. Results show that in situ silica in rubber matrix prepared from NH4Cl and Na2SiO3 has better Payen effect than other processes. Meanwhile, when the in situ silica reached 10 phr in the rubber matrix, the dosage can suitably match the dispersion capacity of the spray sputtering process with superior comprehensive mechanical properties. Compared with the traditional precipitation method, the tensile strength and tear strength of the silica/NR composites prepared by spray sputtering technology combined with in situ method were increased by 34.7% and 19.7%.

Due to the compact structure, high heat transfer efficiency and strong reliability, helical coil once-through steam generator (HCSG) is widely used in advanced small reactors. In HCSG, the liquid in the tube side is heated by the helical coils so that subcooled water in the tube side is transferred into superheated steam, and the entire heat transfer regime is covered. Moreover, the evolution mechanism of thermalhydraulic behaviors is complex because it is affected by the helical geometry, the centrifugal force and the secondary flow. Hence, the development of advanced HCSG was limited due to the lack of more accurate models of heat transfer and regime transition. With the financial support of the three major nuclear power groups in China, experimental and theoretical research on heat and mass transfer behaviors in helical coils was carried out systematically. Different helical coils were investigated and comprehensive parametric analysis of heat transfer was conducted to provide a better understanding of different heat transfer regimes. According to our research, a fundamental database of heat transfer and flow resistance in helical coils with a wide range of geometric dimensions and thermalhydraulic parameters was established. In addition, the transition pattern of the circumferential nonuniform heat transfer mechanism was clarified. Due to the secondary flow, it consequently leaded to the nonuniform distribution of flow field. The heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics were notably affected by the special behaviors of liquid in the helical coils. Hence, based on mechanism analysis, several models were proposed to construct a high precision library of allregime prediction model, such as a threeregion dryout quality model, a postdryout heat transfer model based on dryness gradient and a widerange model for twophase frictional multiplier factor. For the model of dryout quality, it takes the relative intensity of gravity, buoyancy and centrifugal force into consideration. Since different dominant forces lead to different heat transfer behaviors, a piecewise correlation is established to give more accurate predictions. As for the postdryout heat transfer model, it considers the influence of dryness gradient and achieves a more accurate prediction. For the twophase pressure drop model, the modified frictional multiplier factor is adjusted according to our database. Then, a prediction model was proposed which was also validated by other researchers and had great prediction accuracy in a wide range. In all, this work includes part of our investigation on the heat transfer of helical coils and provides a highprecision prediction in the entire heat transfer regime, which meets the design requirement of HCSG for advanced reactors.

There are a large number of fractured rock masses in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Traditional reinforcement methods have disadvantages such as large engineering investment, high material consumption, and poor ecological environmental protection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new environmentally friendly materials and methods to strengthen and control them. The microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology that has emerged in recent years has the characteristics of low carbon and environmental protection and has great prospects in the restoration and reinforcement of rock and soil materials. Therefore, Bacillus cereus extracted in situ from the Three Gorges Reservoir area is proposed to be used for MICP reinforcement of single-fractured sandstone, and its reinforcement mechanism is revealed by studying the macroscopic impermeability and shear performance improvement of the fractured rock sample after reinforcement, and the microstructure changes. The results show that after 10 cycles of grouting reinforcement, the fracture surface of the rock sample is well sealed, the permeability coefficient is reduced by two orders of magnitude, the shear stress is increased by 26%–40%, and the shear stiffness is increased by 70%. The shear stress–shear displacement curve shows the peak shear strength, and the residual shear strength also increases to a certain extent. The MICP process improves the mechanical properties of fractured rock samples from three aspects, namely, the cementation between sand grains and the fracture surface, the cementation effect between sand grains, and the filling effect of fractured rock samples. The shear failure surface of the samples after reinforcement is the recheck interface between the cementation body and the cementation interface. The relevant research results can provide references for the MICP reinforcement technology of fractured rock mass.

Here the authors develop a single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in venous and dried capillary blood as well as saliva. The assay shows good performance in symptomatic, asymptomatic, and pre-symptomatic PCR+ individuals.

BackgroundAs an innovative nuclear fuel assembly, the helical cruciform fuel (HCF) assembly has the characteristics of large specific heat transfer area, short heat conduction path, strong inter-channel mixing and free from the grid spacers. Compared with the traditional cylindrical fuel assembly, the HCF assembly can raise the core power density with compromise on the safety margin. However, the concentrated stress might take place at the location of self-support points, resulting in the plastic deformation and even rupture.PurposeThis study aims to analyze the thermal-mechanical behaviors of HCF bundle under steady conditions and accident transitions, so as to obtain the stress and strain of HCF rods, based on which, the integrity of fuel cladding was assessed.MethodsFirstly, a 3×3 typical HCF geometrical assembly model without four rods in corners was constructed and discretized by hexahedral mesh. Then, the steady and transient convective conditions were applied to the outer surfaces of rods to simulate the various working conditions, including single phase, boiling, reactivity insertion accident and loss of coolant accident. Finally, the governing equations for mechanics and heat transfer were established and solved in ANSYS using the thermal and mechanical modules.ResultsThe results show that, the maximum von Mises stress and plastic deformation take place at the location where adjacent rods contact, where the stress and strain are determined by both the contact constrain condition and the temperature difference between cladding inner and outer surfaces. However, at the elbow of the blades, the stress and strain are mainly affected by the radial temperature gradient in the cladding material. For the cladding, the plastic deformation is larger while the von Mises stress is smaller under the flow boiling condition compared with these under the single-phase cooling condition. Furthermore, the integrity of fuel cladding can be maintained under the conditions of reactivity insertion and loss of coolant accidents, where the stress and the temperature are lower than the break limit and the zirconium-water reaction temperature, respectively.ConclusionsFrom the thermal-mechanical analysis on the HCF assembly, this kind of innovative fuel assembly shows good mechanical performance under normal and accidental conditions.

Four iridium(III) dyes functionalized with aldehyde functional group in the cyclometalating (C^N) ligands, bearing either diethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylate or tetraethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-diylbis(phosphonate) anchoring groups, coded as Ir1–Ir4, are synthesized and explored as photosensitizers. The synthetic route is described and all of the complexes are characterized with respect to their electrochemical and photophysical properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to gain insight into the factors responsible for the photocatalytic properties of Ir1–Ir4 as effective photosensitizers for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Relative to common iridium(III) dyes, such as [Ir(ppy)2(dcbpy)]+ (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), the absorption spectra of our dyes are broader, which is attributed to the extended π-conjugation in their C^N ligands. All of the new iridium(III) dyes were used as photosensitizers for visible-light driven hydrogen production by attaching to platinized TiO2 nanoparticles (Pt–TiO2) in the presence of sacrificial electron donor (SED) of ascorbic acid (AA) in a purely aqueous solution. A H2 turnover number (TON) up to 5809 was demonstrated for 280 h irradiation. Complexes with tetraethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-diylbis(phosphonate) anchoring groups were found to outperform those with classical diethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylate, which may be one of the important steps in developing high-efficiency iridium(III) photosensitizers in water splitting hydrogen generation.

Abstract Background Low risk pregnancy ending in a vaginal birth is best served and guided by a midwife. Utilizing a midwife in such cases offers many emotional and economic advantages and does not increase the risks for mother or neonate. However, women’s experience and satisfaction of midwife-led maternity care is rarely reported in China. The primary objective of this study is to describe the experience of Chinese women receiving midwife-led maternity care, and to report their satisfaction level of the experience. Methods The study is a cross-sectional survey of 4192 women who had natural birth from March–June 2019 in a maternity care center, Shanghai, China. We used a self-administered questionnaire addressing items related to women’s experience during childbirth, as well as their satisfaction with midwife-led maternity care. We also included demographic and perinatal characteristics of each participant. Descriptive statistics and correlations analysis between groups of different experience and satisfaction were used. Results In this sample, 87.7% of women had a Doula and a family member present during childbirth. Epidural anesthesia was used in 75.6% and episiotomy was needed in 23.2%. Free positioning during the first stage of labor and free positioning during the second stage of labor and delivery were adopted in 84.3 and 67.9% of the cases, respectively. Moderate to severe perineal pain and moderate to severe perineal edema were reported in 43.1 and 12.2% of the participants, respectively. High satisfaction level was found when there was midwife-led prenatal counseling and presence of Doula and family member, Lamaze breathing techniques, warm perineal compresses, epidural anesthesia, free positioning during the first stage of labor, and midwifes’ postpartum guidance. Negative satisfaction was seen with perineal pain and edema. Conclusion Women in this survey generally had high satisfaction with midwife-led maternity care. This satisfaction is probably felt because of the prenatal counseling by the midwife and allowing a Doula and a family member in the room during childbirth. Other intangible factors to improve the satisfaction level were Lamaze breathing techniques, warm perineal compresses, epidural anesthesia, free positioning during first stage of labor, and early skin to skin contact.

The resin matrix of traditional carbon fiber composite (CFRP) has a high resistivity, which produces a lot of resistance heat and causes damage under the strong current. Strengthening its conductivity can effectively improve the lightning protection performance of CFRP. The particles of the silver powder were added to the resin matrix for conductivity modification, and the influence of silver powder content on lightning protection performance was analyzed by finite element simulation. The optimum content of silver powder in CFRP matrix was determined to be 38%. The conductivity modification effect along the thickness direction was the best, which was improved by 217.3 times. Simulated lightning strikes test was carried out on the modified CFRP laminates with different peak lightning currents of D waveform, and unmodified laminates and the laminates with copper wire mesh on the surface were compared at the same energy level. The damage characteristics and damage area were compared by visual damage observation and perspective ultrasonic scanning to evaluate the lightning resistance of the matrix modified CFRP. The results show that the matrix modification can prevent the surface layer from breakdown and reduce the fiber fracture warping and lamination damage. Under the peak current of 20 kA, 40 kA and 60 kA, the copper wire mesh protection can reduce the lightning damage area by 100%, 86.61% and 37.46%, and the matrix modified overall protection can reduce the lightning damage area by 84.02%, 81.03% and 40.91% respectively.

In this paper, it was studied that the effects of heating rate and four metal oxide on the combustion characteristics of excess sludge, such as CaO, Fe2O3, MgO and Al2O3, and the combustion kinetic parameters of sludge were obtained based on Coats-Redfern model. This result indicated that the ignition of sludge can be restricted with the increase of heating rate, but it was conducive to burnout, and the increasing about the flammability, stability and comprehensive combustion characteristic index of sludge. The addition of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 could improve the ignition performance of sludge to a certain extent, which was most obvious at the heating rate of 10 and 20 °C/min, respectively. Furthermore, the existence of Fe2O3, MgO and Al2O3 can improve the burnout performance of sludge, represented by MgO. Under the condition of low heating rate, the presence of Fe2O3 and MgO was beneficial to improve the comprehensive combustion characteristics of sludge. According to the distribution of combustion kinetics parameters, it was showed an increasing trend about the activation energy of sludge with the increase of heating rate at the range of 374.88-575.61 °C, which was also unfavorable to the combustion of fixed carbon. At the same heating rate, the activation energy decreased by adding Fe2O3 and Al2O3 at the range of 148.40-374.88 °C, which was beneficial to the release of volatiles and the combustion reaction, while the activation energy at the range of 374.88-575.61 °C decreased after adding CaO, which promoted the combustion of fixed carbon.

BackgroundWhen steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) occurs in the lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor, high pressure water/steam flows into the primary side filled with high temperature liquid metal. According to the location and size of the rupture, the leakage behaviors of the rupture may involve leak-before-break (LBB), single-phase critical flow or two-phase critical flow. Under the action of high temperature liquid metal, different forms of heat and mass transfer behaviors occur in the two-component multiphase system of water-metal, which has an important influence on the safe operation of the lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor.PurposeThis study aims at the bubble dynamic behavior in the descending flow field of liquid lead-bismuth alloy (LBE) in the tube bundle in different stages of SGTR caused by microcrack on the surface of the heat transfer tube during the drying stage and low flow single phase steam permeates the primary side.MethodsBased on the VOF method, a numerical simulation model of steam-LBE two-phase flow and phase interface capture was established to study the bubble growth and transport behaviors from single tube or 3×3 tube bundle in the downward flow field of high temperature LBE. The SST k-ω model was employed to solve the turbulence equation. The physical law of steam bubble movement was analyzed and its influence on the heat transfer and operation stability of steam generator was evaluated.ResultsThe results show that the dynamics behaviors of steam bubbles in the descending flow field are quite different from these in static liquid or upward flow. The steam bubbles may slide along the heat transfer tube surface after departure from the crack under the actions of LBE descending flow field and buoyancy. The steam bubbles may form a steam film covering the heat transfer tube surface or accumulate by quantity in the bundle.ConclusionsThese phenomena adversely affects the flow stability of the LBE and the heat transfer of the steam generator.

Whole-brain imaging has become an increasingly important approach to investigate neural structures, such as somata distribution, dendritic morphology, and axonal projection patterns. Different structures require whole-brain imaging at different resolutions. Thus, it is highly desirable to perform whole-brain imaging at multiple scales. Imaging a complete mammalian brain at synaptic resolution is especially challenging, as it requires continuous imaging from days to weeks because of the large number of voxels to sample, and it is difficult to acquire a constant quality of imaging because of light scattering during in toto imaging. Here, we reveal that light-sheet microscopy has a unique advantage over wide-field microscopy in multi-scale imaging because of its decoupling of illumination and detection. Based on this observation, we have developed a multi-scale light-sheet microscope that combines tiling of light-sheet, automatic zooming, periodic sectioning, and tissue expansion to achieve a constant quality of brain-wide imaging from cellular (3 μm × 3 μm × 8 μm) to sub-micron (0.3 μm × 0.3 μm × 1 μm) spatial resolution rapidly (all within a few hours). We demonstrated the strength of the system by testing it using mouse brains prepared using different clearing approaches. We were able to track electrode tracks as well as axonal projections at sub-micron resolution to trace the full morphology of single medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons that have remarkable diversity in long-range projections.

As a strong candidate for the new type of non-volatile memories and artificial synaptic devices, memristor has a huge development prospect in aerospace, Mars exploration and other space science and application fields. Once large-scale application of memristor requires extremely stringent radiation resistance performance for the memristors. In order to improve the radiation resistance of memristors, it is necessary to explore the radiation effect mechanism and develop an effective radiation resistance technology. This paper summarizes the research status and trends of irradiation effects on memristors, describes the mechanism and analysis method of irradiation damage of memristor, and focuses on the irradiation effects of the memristors with transition metal oxide material system. Additionally, the possibility of scientific problems and key technologies are discussed, so as to provide some ideas for the radiation hardening and space application of memristor.

Biotherapeutic proteins are commonly dosed at high concentrations into the blood, which is an inherently complex, crowded solution with substantial protein content. The effects of macromolecular crowding may lead to an appreciable level of non-specific hetero-association in this physiological environment. Therefore, developing a method to characterize the diverse consequences of non-specific interactions between proteins under such non-ideal, crowded conditions, which deviate substantially from those commonly employed for in vitro characterization, is vital to achieving a more complete picture of antibody function in a biological context. In this study, we investigated non-specific interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by static light scattering and determined these interactions are both ionic strength-dependent and mAb-dependent. Using biolayer interferometry (BLI), we assessed the effect of HSA on antigen binding by mAbs, demonstrating that these non-specific interactions have a functional impact on mAb:antigen interactions, particularly at low ionic strength. While this effect is mitigated at physiological ionic strength, our in vitro data support the notion that HSA in the blood may lead to non-specific interactions with mAbs in vivo, with a potential impact on their interactions with antigen. Furthermore, the BLI method offers a high-throughput advantage compared to orthogonal techniques such as analytical ultracentrifugation and is amenable to a greater variety of solution conditions compared to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our study demonstrates that BLI is a viable technology for examining the impact of non-specific interactions on specific biologically relevant interactions, providing a direct method to assess binding events in crowded conditions.

To prepare antibacterial fabrics with simple approach, wood pulp/viscose fibers and amino-capped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) solution were utilized to form Ag Nps-coated wetlace nonwove fabric. Characterization of the Ag Nps and prepared wetlace nonwoven fabric was performed in virtue of TEM, UV-vis, XRD, ICP-AES, FESEM, EDS mapping and antibacterial test. FESEM and EDS characterizations demonstrated the hierarchical and uniform coating of high-density Ag NPs on wood pulp fibers, and antibacterial test indicated the excellent antibacterial activity of prepared wetlace nonwoven fabric.

Circular RNA is a non-coding RNA that acts as a sponge for RNA, regulates cleavage and transcription, translates proteins and interacts with RNA-binding proteins. In recent years, studies have found that the abnormal expression of circular RNA in tumor tissues is closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of lung cancer and it is expected to be a biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of circular RNA as a biomarker of lung cancer.

Silica flour is used to mitigate the strength retrogression and microstructure degradation problems of oil well cement paste in high temperature wells. This study investigates the effects of the particle size distribution of silica flour on the thermal stability of cement paste. After 7 days of hydrothermal curing at 80 °C, the cement paste was exposed to further aging for 7 or 28 days under high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) conditions in a sealed chamber at 260 °C (500 °F) and 21 MPa (2900 psi). The results show that 43% silica flour by weight of cement (BWOC) mitigates the strength degradation of silica-stabilized Portland cement (SSPC), and course silica flour (63.13 and 48.25 μm) maintains the strength stability of SSPC better than fine silica flour (3.25 μm). The transformation of C-S-H gel to xonotlite in SSPC was influenced by the silica particle size. The relatively fine silica flour (d d50=3.25 μm) accelerates the consumption of calcium hydroxide during the pozzolanic reaction, resulting in a poorer strength stability of SSPC than the courser silica flour (d50=63.13 and 48.25 μm). The silica flour with an average particle size of 48.25 μm is more conducive to crystallization of xonotlite on the crystal plane corresponding to a diffraction angle of 25.5 ° than the other size silica flour.

BackgroundAs a nuclear power system with high energy density and strong adaptability, heat pipe cooled reactor can play an important role in space and deep sea exploration, and is attracting more and more attention from all over the world. Due to the solid-state core and high-temperature operation of the heat pipe cooled reactor, the thermal expansion and thermal stress are non-negligible. The nuclear-thermal-mechanical coupling effect should be considered for the heat pipe cooled reactor core.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the thermal-mechanical characteristics of the reactor core, and evaluate the safety performance of the reactor under typical conditions and transient accidents for a typical heat pipe cooled nuclear reactor, Nuclear Silence ThermoElectric Reactor (NUSTER).MethodsBased on FLUENT and MECHANICAL modules in finite element analysis software ANSYS, calculation of the nuclear-thermal-mechanical coupling was conducted for the reactor core of NUSTER under the steady-state and the reactor reactivity insertion accident respectively, hence the temperature and stress distribution were obtained. The core design safety was evaluated by comparing the temperature and stress peak values of each component with the melting point and yield strength of material.Results & ConclusionThe comparison results show that NUSTER core can operate safely within the safety limit in both steady state and accident conditions. Each component has a safety margin of 200 K for temperature and 150 MPa for stress under accident condition, so the core design safety has been verified.