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Background Outcomes derived from longitudinal self-reported health-related quality of life measures can be confounded by response shift. This study was aimed to detect response shift among patients with hypertension attending a community-based disease management program. Methods 240 consecutive consulting or follow-up patients with diagnosed hypertension were recruited. The Short Form 36-item Health Survey was self-administered at 12 community health service stations at baseline and four weeks after attending the program. The 4-step structural equation modeling approach assessed response shift. Results Data from 203 (84.6%) patients were eligible for analyses (mean age 65.9 ± 10.8 years, 46.3% female). The results showed uniform recalibration of social functioning ($${\upchi}_{\mathrm{SBdiff}}^{2}$$ χ SBdiff 2 (1) = 22.98, P $${\upchi}_{\mathrm{SBdiff}}^{2}$$ χ SBdiff 2 (1) = 8.84, P = 0.003), and bodily pain ($${\upchi}_{\mathrm{SBdiff}}^{2}$$ χ SBdiff 2 (1) = 17.41, P Conclusions Recalibration existed among patients with hypertension attending the disease management program. The interventions in the program might act as a catalyst that induced the response shift. We conclude that response shift should be considered in hypertension research with longitudinal health-related quality of life data.

This study sought to discuss the correlation between the third-generation cephalosporins (3GC)-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and antibiotic consumption intensity from 143 Chinese tertiary hospitals in 2014. With a retrospective design, the correlation between antibiotic consumption and 3GC-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae were performed. 3GC-resistant E. coli was significantly correlated with the consumption of all antibiotics (r = 0.252, p

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and induces the degradation of chimeric oncoprotein PML/RARα (P/R) and APL cell differentiation. Recent evidence has suggested that P/R fusion protein degradation by arsenic occurs through two steps, namely, rapid solubility change/shift of the P/R fusion protein following arsenic treatment (i.e., transfer of P/R protein from the soluble fraction to the insoluble pellet fraction), and subsequent degradation of these insoluble proteins. However, there is little information regarding the reversibility of arsenic induced P/R fusion protein solubility change as well as protein degradation in the insoluble fraction after removing arsenic. In this study, we used APL cell line NB4 or P/R and PML over-expressed 293T cells as well as HeLa cells to reveal the solubility change of P/R and PML by arsenic exposure, and further determined the fate of these insoluble proteins after the removal of arsenic. Here, for the first time, we found that arsenic induced P/R or PML protein solubility change is an irreversible process. Once arsenic induces a P/R or PML protein solubility change, these insoluble proteins could be degraded by the proteasomal pathway even without continuous arsenic treatment. However, PML and P/R proteins can be newly synthesized after the removal of arsenic, suggesting that great caution should be taken in the clinical therapy of APL patients before ending arsenic treatment.

Multiple drug resistance and the increase in the appearance of superbugs together with the exceedingly scant development of new potent antibiotic drugs pose an urgent global medical threat and imminent public security crisis. In the present study, we fabricated well-dispersed tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of about 10 nm in size. The hollow structure of the TPGS-capped AgNPs (TPGS/AgNPs) was confirmed and applied to load antibiotics. The TPGS/AgNPs proved to be able to cross the bacterial cell wall and penetrate into bacteria, thereby delivering more of the antibiotic to the interior of bacteria and thus enhancing the in vitro antibacterial effect of the antibiotic, even overcoming the drug-resistance in drug-resistant E. coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. It was found that the TPGS modification in the TPGS/AgNPs could decrease the activity of the efflux pumps AdeABC and AdeIJK in drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii via inhibiting the efflux pump genes adeB and adeJ, thus increasing the accumulation of the delivered antibiotic and overcoming the drug-resistance. Tigecycline delivered by TPGS/AgNPs could effectively antagonize drug-resistance in an acute peritonitis model mice, thereby increasing the survival rate and alleviating the inflammatory response. TPGS/AgNPs were developed as a novel and effective antibiotic delivery system and TPGS was demonstrated to have great potential as a pharmaceutical excipient for use in drug-resistant infection therapy.

Effective treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) is in high demand. Lung-targeted ternary nanoparticles containing anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antibody-conjugated simvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (ICAM/NLC), protamine (Pro), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) gene (ICAM-NLC/Pro/Ang) were developed for ALI therapy. The ternary nanoparticles with different weight ratios of ICAM-NLC to Ang-1 gene were prepared via charge interaction. The anti-ICAM-1 antibody-conjugated ternary nanoparticles exhibited higher cellular uptake and transfection efficiency (from 26.7% to 30.9%) in human vascular endothelial cell line EAhy926 than the non-targeted control. The largest size of ICAM-NLC/Pro/Ang (357.1 nm) was employed for further study, which significantly up-regulated in vitro and in vivo Ang-1 protein expression. In vivo i.v. administration of ICAM-NLC/Pro/Ang (357.1 nm) significantly attenuated pulmonary TNF-α and IL-6 levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and led to positive histological improvements in lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI mice. Collectively, the ICAM-NLC/Pro/Ang that co-delivered simvastatin and Ang-1 gene may represent a potential treatment modality for ALI.

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and lack of alternative drugs have posed an increasing threat to public health. Here, we prepared β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ nanoparticles modified with ICAM1-antibody-conjugated TPGS (I-TPGS/Ga2O3) as a novel antibiotic carrier for the treatment of drug-resistant infections. Methods: I-TPGS/Ga2O3 were firstly characterized by measuring particle size, morphology, crystal structure, drug loading capacity, and in vitro drug release behaviors. The in vitro antibacterial activities of I-TPGS/Ga2O3/TIG were evaluated using standard and drug-resistant bacteria. The internalization of I-TPGS/Ga2O3 was observed by fluorescence confocal imaging, and the expression levels of the efflux pump genes of TRKP were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. In vitro cellular uptake and in vivo biodistribution study were performed to investigate the targeting specificity of I-TPGS/Ga2O3 using HUEVC and acute pneumonia mice, respectively. The in vivo anti-infective efficacy and biosafety of I-TPGS/Ga2O3/TIG were finally evaluated using acute pneumonia mice. Results: It was found that TPGS could down-regulate the over-expression of the efflux pump genes, thus decreasing the efflux pump activity of bacteria. I-TPGS/Ga2O3 with small particle size and uniform distribution facilitated their internalization in bacteria, and the TPGS modification resulted in a significant reduction in the efflux of loaded antibiotics. These properties rendered the encapsulated tigecycline to exert a stronger antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, targeted delivery of I-TPGS/Ga2O3 mediated by ICAM1 antibodies contributed to a safe and effective therapy. Conclusion: It is of great value to apply I-TPGS/Ga2O3 as a novel and effective antibiotic delivery system for the treatment of drug-resistant infections.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the primary palliative treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is often accompanied by postoperative pain which hinder patient recovery. This study was to examine whether preemptive parecoxib and sufentanil-based patient controlled analgesia (PCA) could improve the pain management in patients receiving TACE for inoperable HCC.From June to December 2016, 84 HCC patients undergoing TACE procedure were enrolled. Because of the willingness of the individuals, it is difficult to randomize the patients to different groups. We matched the patients' age, gender and pain scores, and divided the patients into the multimodal group (n = 42) and control group (n = 42). Patients in the multimodal group received 40 mg of parecoxib, 30 min before TACE, followed by 48 h of sufentanil-based PCA. Patients in the control group received a routine analgesic regimen, i.e., 5 mg of dezocine during operation, and 100 mg of tramadol or equivalent intravenous opioid according to patient's complaints and pain intensity. Postoperative pain intensity, percentage of patients as per the pain category, adverse reaction, duration of hospital stay, cost-effectiveness, and patient's satisfaction were all taken into consideration when evaluated.Compared to the control group, the visual analogue scale scores for pain intensity was significantly lower at 2, 4, 6, and 12 h (all P 0.05) in the multimodal group and a noticeably lower prevalence of post-operative nausea and vomiting in the multimodal group (31.0% vs. 59.5%). Patient's satisfaction in the multimodal group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (95.2% vs. 69.0%). No significant difference was observed in the duration of hospital stay between the two groups.Preemptive parecoxib and sufentanil-based multimodal analgesia regime is a safe, efficient and cost-effective regimen for postoperative pain control in HCC patients undergoing TACE.

FLUENT software was used to analyze the distribution of internal pressure P of elbow with the variation of outlet pressure P0, inlet velocity v, fluid density ρ and the degree of curvature k=R/D during the flow of crude oil in 180 degree bend pipe, to establish 135 kinds of working condition of internal pressure P distribution database. According to the distribution law of the pressure of the inner wall of the elbow under different parameters (P0, v, ρ, k), calculation formula of the internal pressure distribution of the pipe is analyzed and fitted by 1stOpt software. Through the numerical simulation results of 11 kinds of working condition of FLUENT, the calculation precision of the formula was verified (Maximum relative error). It provides basis for design of bend pipe and safety evaluation of pipeline in high pressure, high flow rate and long distance petroleum pipeline.

Ping Yang, Sai-Ping Jiang, Xiao-Yang Lu Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Background: Irrational prophylactic antibiotics usage (PAU) during intervention procedures is common in China. A clinical pharmacist-led guidance team (CPGT) was established and participated in medical teams to advise on the rational usage of antibiotics.Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of CPGT intervention for the rationality of PAU during intervention procedures.Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with three stages at a Chinese tertiary teaching hospital. Patients who received some specific intervention procedures in the first quarter of 2015 were enrolled as the preintervention group, while those who received the procedures in the second and third quarters of 2015 were enrolled as the postintervention group. CPGT established the criteria for the PAU and conducted the intervention. The pre- and postintervention groups were then compared to evaluate the effectiveness of CPGTs’ sustained interventions.Results: A total of 651 patients were enrolled, with 200 patients in the preintervention group, while 233 patients and 218 patients in the first- and second-intervention groups, respectively. With the implementation of CPGTs continuous intervention, the rationality of PAU was significantly improved, including the timing (91.98% vs 97.74%, P=0.015), duration (82.72% vs 98.31%, P

Antimony (Sb) belongs to the same group as arsenic (As) in the periodic table, and both share similar characteristics. However, Sb2O3 (SbIII) has no methylation capacity, unlike arsenic trioxide (As2O3). In the present study, we determined the effect of SbIII on NB4 cells and found that antimony could induce PML-RARα fusion protein degradation, reorganization of PML-NBs, and NB4 cell differentiation with low cytotoxicity. On the other hand, zinc finger motifs in PML protein are considered to be a key target binding site for arsenic-induced PML-RARα protein degradation. Interestingly, antimony and arsenic lost their ability to degrade PML-RARα fusion protein in NB4 cells following pretreatment with phenanthroline (i.e., chelator of zinc ions), indicating that the integrity of zinc finger motifs in PML-RARα fusion protein is a fundamental condition for inducing the protein's degradation by antimony and arsenic. Moreover, we found that SbIII could not induce mutant PML (e.g., A126V and L218P) solubility change and degradation, similar to As2O3. In contrast, we found that the organic antimony compound phenylstibine oxide (PSO) could induce mutant PML protein degradation. In conclusion, our results indicate that SbIII might also be a promising agent to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, in the same manner as As2O3.

Objective. The Chronic Care Model, based on core elements of team-centered care in chronic diseases, has widely been accepted. This study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model in type 2 diabetes management. Methods. A group randomized experimental study was conducted. Twelve communities of the Zhaohui Community Health Service Center in Hangzhou, China, were randomly assigned into an intervention group (n=6) receiving the Chronic Care Model-based intervention and a control group (n=6) receiving conventional care. A total of three hundred patients, twenty-five for each community, aged ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes for at least 1-year duration, were recruited. Data of health behaviors, clinical outcomes, and health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36-item questionnaire) were collected before and after a 9-month intervention and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and linear mixed regression. A total of 258 patients (134 in intervention and 124 in control) who completed the baseline and follow-up evaluations and the entire intervention were included in the final analyses. Results. Health behaviors such as drinking habit (OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.75), physical activity (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.18, 7.25), and diet habit (OR=4.30, 95% CI: 1.49, 12.43) were improved. The intervention group had a remarkable reduction in glycated hemoglobin (from 7.17% to 6.60%, P<0.001). The quality of life score changes of the role limitation due to physical problems (mean=9.97, 95% CI: 3.33, 16.60), social functioning (mean=6.50, 95% CI: 2.37, 10.64), role limitation due to emotional problems (mean=8.06, 95% CI: 2.15, 13.96), and physical component summary score (mean=3.31, 95% CI: 1.22, 5.39) were improved in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion. The Chronic Care Model-based intervention helped improve some health behaviors, clinical outcomes, and quality of life of type 2 diabetes patients in China in a short term.

Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic consumption intensity in 153 tertiary hospitals from China in 2014. Methods A retrospective study using national surveillance data from 2014 was conducted. Data on the annual consumption of each antibiotic, as well as the rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, were collected from each participating hospital, and the correlation between antibiotic consumption and carbapenem- resistant rate was analyzed. Results The overall antibiotic consumption intensity among the hospitals varied between 23.93 and 86.80 defined daily dosages (DDDs) per 100 patient-days (median, 46.30 DDDs per 100 patient-days). Cephalosporins were the most commonly used antibiotic, followed by quinolones, penicillins, and carbapenems, and the rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from each hospital varied. The correlations between carbapenem consumption intensity and rate of carbapenem resistance revealed correlation factors of 0.271 for Escherichia coli (p

BACKGROUND Statins have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects, but the association between statins and acute lung injury (ALI) remains controversial. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aiming to summarize and evaluate the current evidence about the potential use of statins in ALI patients. METHOD We searched for articles that focused on the association between statins and ALI-related outcomes through electronic databases until December 10th, 2014. The inclusion of articles, quality appraisal of included studies, and data extraction were performed by two investigators. Eligible articles were analyzed by Review manager 5.2 and STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS Data from 1,778 patients in five randomized controlled clinical trials were analyzed. No differences in intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (RR=0.88, 95% CI=0.63-1.22, p=0.44), hospital mortality (RR=1.00, 95% CI=0.85-1.17, p=0.97) and mechanical ventilation duration (MD=-0.40, 95% CI=-1.52-0.71, p=0.48) were observed between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSIONS According to large and high-quality published clinical trials as also summarized by the present meta-analysis, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of statins in ALI patients.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, t(15;17), resulting in the expression of PML-RARα fusion protein, which disrupts the normal PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) to micro-speckled pattern, leading to loss of their original functions. Moreover, reformation of PML-NBs in APL by arsenic is considered as one of the important step for APL treatment. Leptomycin B (LMB), a nuclear export inhibitor, is commonly used to inhibit the proteins exporting from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the present study, we found that LMB could induce the reformation of PML-NBs in leukemia NB4 cells as well as in APL blast cells from the patients, implying that nuclear shuttle proteins might be involved in the reformation of PML-NBs. Herein, we further found that LMB totally lost the ability to induce PML-NBs reformation when the endogenous PML gene was knocked out, indicating that endogenous PML protein is probably involved in the reformation of PML-NBs. More interestingly, among all PML isoforms (i.e., seven isoforms), reformation of PML-NBs was only observed when co-transfection of PML-RARα with PML-I after LMB treatment. Similarly, deletion of nuclear export signal (NES) of PML-I could also reform PML-NBs, suggesting that the protein level of endogenous PML-I in nucleus is important for the reformation of PML-NBs that interfered by PML-RARα fusion protein. Additionally, LMB has synergistic effect with iAsIII on enhancing PML-RARα fusion protein degradation, and it might provide new insight into APL treatment at clinical level in the near future.

Single-layer latticed domes belong to structure of imperfection sensitivity. The randomly appears various initial geometric imperfection affected the ultimate load carrying capacity of the structure to some degree. To improve structural sensitivity, this paper proposed a new optimum design method considering the requirement of constant stability that is through section optimization design of reticulated domes to make those values of ultimate load carrying capacity shrinks toward equality that were obtained by section optimization and considering many different stochastic initial geometric imperfections. First we add stability constraint into the process of optimization design and the global stability analysis are considering. Then we group the members of structure according to sensitive rate of ultimate bearing capacity to imperfections and sequence two-stage algorithm is adopted to improve the section optimization design. Using single-layer K6 reticulated dome with span of 60 meters and rise of 15 meters as an example, the computed results show that, compared to the structure that has not been optimized in terms of section, those values of ultimate load carrying capacity of optimized structure considering 28 stochastic initial geometric imperfections, whose average value is bigger and the standard deviation is smaller. So we've got a section optimization result to make the structure’s ultimate load carrying capacity pretty robustness and less volatile. In other words, the sensibility of ultimate load carrying capacity to imperfection is decreased and the amount of steel is reduced.

In this work, Cu50Zr43Al7metallic glass powders were produced by gas atomization method. The structure and crystallization characteristics of the as-prepared powders with different particle size distributions were studied in detail. The amorphous state of the alloy powders was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), in which amorphous phase formed. The scanning election microscopy (SEM) result showed that the selected metallic glass powder performed excellent owned good spherical morphology, which was also observed on an optical microscope (OM). At the same time, the particle size distributions ranging from 20 μm to 200 μm of as-prepared metallic glass powders were determined by laser diffraction. Moreover, the crystallization behavior of the Cu50Zr43Al7metallic glass powders was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

According to the FLUENT simulation results of the 90°elbow pipe fluid flow condition, the influence of the pressure distribution about the variation of the flow parameters (v、P0 、ρ) and the geometric parameters (R、d、k=R/d、α、β) is analyzed. By using the dimensionless analysis method, on the basis of the influence of the 32 set of parameter variations on the elbow pipe wall pressure distribution regularity, the pressure qualitative function is established including the geometric parameters and the flow parameters. Through the 155 kinds of the FLUENT simulation results, the fitting software 1stOpt is used to verify the internal pressure model above and fit the undetermined coefficients. The verification shows that the model is of a higher calculation precision and the relative error isn’t exceeding 0.003%. It provides a theoretical basis to check the strength of the bend and design the pipeline with high pressure and speed.

On the premise of the simulation data for the inner fuild passing the elbow pipe by means of software named FLUENT and dimensional analysis, the formula modle of inner surface pressure for elbow pipes came up by analyzing the relationships among the inner surface pressure P ,the fluid outlet pressure P0 ,axial angle α, circular angle β and the degree of curvature k; Depending on the inner surface pressure data simulated under 150 kinds of conditions, the pressure formula was fitted by means of 1stOpt software; The verification results show that the calculated value by the formula matched with the value of simulation by FLUENT software very well, the maximum relative error was 0.004%, and the research conclusion layed the theoretical groundwork for the design of the high pressure and high velocity elbow.

Background Appropriate antimicrobial dosing for patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) is complex. Pharmacist participation in antimicrobial dosing adjustment for patients receiving CVVH may be advantageous. Methods A comparative study was performed in a China hospital intensive care unit (ICU).Patients receiving CVVH in the intervention group received antimicrobial dosing adjustment service by pharmacists from January 2012 to June 2012, whereas patients in the control group received routine medical care between July 2012 and December 2012. The primary outcomes including patients’ length of ICU stay, mortality in ICU, ICU hospitalization costs, and the occurrence of adverse drug events (ADEs) were then compared. Results 87 and 93 patients were included in the control and intervention groups. During the intervention period, pharmacists made 256 antimicrobial dosing adjustment recommendations for 93 enrolled patients receiving CVVH, of which 224 (87.5%) recommendations were accepted by physicians. Changing in CVVH-related variables (175, 68.4%) were the most common risk factors for dosing errors, whereas β-lactams (131, 51.2%) were the most frequency of antimicrobials associated with dosing errors. Compared with the control group, pharmacist dosing adjustment resulted in £1637.7 cost savings per patient, and 2.36 times reduction of antimicrobial-related adverse drug events (ADEs) (11 vs 26, P = 0.002), while length of ICU stay and mortality in ICU showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions The involvement of pharmacist to participate in the ICU team rounds for patients receiving CVVH is associated with cost savings and reduction of ADEs. Hospital may consider employing ICU pharmacists.

This paper first used parametric design language APDL to establish three kind of the single hyperbolic paraboloid shell model with rectangular projection. The parametric design of the reticulated shell structure could be realized after inputting the span (S),rise (F),the grid number of each side (Kn),the warping rate (K),which provided great convenience for optimizing the structure and force analysis.Then through contrasting three structure schemes and different warping rate,it studied how they influence the mechanical properties of structure.And at last it got some conclusions with engineering significance.

By using the parametric design language APDL, developed ellipsoidal reticulated shell parametric macros, only enter the long axis S1, short axis S2, high vector F, scale factor t, ring symmetric region shares Kn, radial nodes turns Nx, to generate the desired lattice shell; comparative analysis of 30 kinds of scheme through two types of single-shell ellipsoid reticulated shell with different rise span ratio force, studied its stress characteristics, providing a theoretical reference for designing and engineering ellipsoid reticulated shell application.

According to the principle of harmonious dimensions, the qualitative distribution model of the internal pressure on elbow pipes were determined; Through FLUENT numerical simulation, the internal pressure were given under 96 kinds of gas fluid conditions; By analyzing the variation of the internal pressure with flow and geometrical parameters, the variation of the internal pressure distribution within the elbow pipes has been studied; By means of 1stOpt nonlinear fitting package, the formula of three-dimensional internal pressure distribution was determined; Compared with the numerical results, the maximum relative error is 0.012%. The formula provides theoretical bases for strength check, the transport pipeline and wall thickness design of the high pressure, high velocity elbow.

Using ANSYS software comes with parametric design language APDL, developed a square pyramid partial double layer of Schwedler spherical reticulated shell parametric design macro program; achieved this kind of spherical shell parametric modeling with the given shell span S, vector high F, the thickness (height) of the pyramid, ring copies of the symmetric region Kn and radial nodes laps Nx. Analyzed the static performance of the spherical reticulated shell under different structural parameters, studied the displacement of the structure and the distribution of the stress change with macroscopic geometric parameter change rule. Analysis results of eight kinds of conditions showed that the square pyramid partial double layer of Schwedler spherical reticulated shell has good mechanical performance. The result of the analysis provides a theoretical basis for the relevant engineering design.

In order to study the vibration and seismic performance of K8 triangular cone partial double layer spherical reticulated shell and analyze the factors that impact its self-vibration and seismic performance, this paper used parametric design language APDL of ANSYS to establish the shell model,then used 3D El-Centro seismic waves to analyze the influencing factors of its self-vibration and seismic performance by changing the ratio of rise to span, the ratio of thickness to span, bar section area and other parameters. Therefore this paper get some conclusions with engineering significance.

By using ANSYS software parameter of design language APDL the parametric design macro program of two types of equilateral triangle cylindrical lattice shell are given with the given parameters of the span S, the length L, the rise F, the number of lattice in the span direction the model of equilateral triangle cylindrical lattice shell would be obtain easily. Thus offer convenience for force analysis and optimization design about this structure. The force analysis of the two type equilateral triangle cylindrical lattice shell is done. By contrast with the five typical cylindrical shells, the two type equilateral triangle cylindrical lattice shell has good rigidity and strength, and has application value in practice engineering.

Using the methods of dimensional analysis and the FLUENT analytic software, a quantitative description method is built; the influents of parameters, including the degree of curvature k=R/d, fluid density ρ, axial angle α, circle angle β, fluid outlet pressure P0 and fluid velocity v on the distribution of pressure on inner surface of elbow pipe are studied from the simulation results; Finally, a three-dimensional distribution model of pressure which is considering the fluid characteristic and the elbow pipe geometric parameters is built by fitting the simulation data. The research conclusion lays the groundwork for strength check and structural design of the elbow pipe.

In order to grasp how the sectional sizing optimum design imposes effect on the global stability of latticed shell, with an example of K6 single-layer reticulated shell whose span is 60 meters and vector height is 6 meters, the impact of different ways in rods grouping and valuing sectional size on bars buckling discipline and mechanical performance was analyzed. Factors like the strength and slenderness ratio of members, local and overall stability of structure are entirely taken into account to guarantee the accuracy of the analysis results. The results show that optimum design of sectional sizing on single-layer latticed shell can reduce the steel consumption, change the buckling discipline and improve the ultimate stable bearing capacity of structure, but simultaneously it would bring about a smaller deformation, and no significant early warning of damage comes up when structural instability failure occurs.

Hexagonal grid cylindrical latticed shell structure is proposed, due to honeycomb structure (although the hexagon structure) is the most effective structure on save the building materials. As a result of the shell structure always with numerous bars, the distribution of internal force and the design of bars often rely on many parameters, likes the span of the structure, the rise-span ratio of the structure, the size of mesh etc., the large scaled finite element software ANSYS parametric design language ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) be used to establish the model of hexagonal grid single-layer cylindrical reticulated shell. The optimization design also was done to found whether the model was a feasibility one. The analysis process shows that the parametric design method provides great convenience for the design of the structure.

To determine whether dimethyl fumarate (DMF) can protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced myocardial injury.H9c2 cells pretreated with or without DMF were stimulated with LPS. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated. Nrf2 and HO-1 expression were detected using Western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial superoxide production were observed using confocal microscope. Mitochondrial respiration function was measured using Seahorse bioanalyzer.(1) The cell viability decreased, LDH release and apoptosis increased in LPS- challenged H9c2 cells. DMF pretreatment brought a higher cell viability, and a lower LDH leakage and apoptosis than those of LPS group (P 0.01). (2) DMF pretreatment resulted in an increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, and enhanced nuclear Nrf2 level in LPS-challenged cells (P 0.01). (3) Nrf2-siRNA could inhibit DMF-induced enhancement of HO-1 expression and cell viability, and partly abolish DMF-induced reduction of LDH leakage and apoptosis. (4) ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 could not only prevent the DMF-induced enhancement of nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1, but also inhibit DMF-induced increase in cell viability. (5) Compared with LPS-challenged cells, DMF pretreatment caused a lower production of mitochondrial superoxide and a higher mitochondrial membrane potential, which could be abolished by Nrf2-siRNA. (6) DMF could attenuate LPS-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and improve mitochondrial respiration function by enhancement of the oxygen consumption rate of basal respiration and ATP production in LPS-challenged cells (P 0.01).DMF protects cardiomyocytes against LPS-induced damage. ERK1/2-dependent activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway is responsible for DMF-induced cardioprotection via reduction of oxidative stress, improvement of mitochondrial morphology and energy metabolism.

According to the rules of six typical spherical reticulated shell nodes, the modeling method and the design macro program is developed for the nodes and the bars of six typical semi-outdoor spherical reticulated shell structures by using the ANSYS parametric design language APDL, so as to achieve the parametric design of six typical semi-outdoor spherical reticulated shells. The modeling design examples indicate that it's convenient to achieve the parametric modeling and design of semi-outdoor shell with given span S, rise high F, number of hoop symmetry areas kn, radial node cycles of whole structure nx and the upper removed laps ns, which provides big convenience for the force analysis and the optimization scheme comparison of semi-outdoor spherical lattice shells with varied types and geometric parameters.

The five double layer cylinder reticulated shells (single diagonal rod cylinder reticulated shell, Foeppl cylinder reticulated shell, double diagonal rod cylinder reticulated shell, lamella cylinder reticulated shell and three way grid of cylinder reticulated shell) are developed by adopting the upper and lower translation method. Five connection forms of web member (cross truss, positive four pyramidal, upend four pyramidal, evacuated positive four pyramidal, evacuated upend four pyramidal) and the methods of the node generation and element connection are established in the cylindrical coordinate system. By using the ANSYS parametric design language APDL, the corresponding parametric design macro program is developed so that the five double-layer cylindrical shells can be parametrically modeled under the given parameters such as shell type, shell span D, rise high t, thickness h, length L and number of grids m and n, etc. Examples prove that this method is simple, efficient and pragmatic, which provides great convenience for the force analysis and the optimization scheme comparison.

The processes of the fuild through the elbow pipe under different conditions are simulated by the FEM software named FLUENT. Then, the effects of varied parameters on the distribution of pressure on inner suface of elbow pipe are studied with dimensionless analysis method. Finally, a distribution model of pressure at the the minimum life section where the axial angle α is 45°, degree of curvature k=R/d, circle angle β, fluid density ρ, fluid outlet pressure P0 and fluid velocity v is built and verified by fitting the simulation data. The research conclusion lays the groundwork for strength check and structural design of the elbow pipe

On the basis of the experiments, hot pushing pipe bending process on ox horn core bar is simulated by using MSC.Marc software and orthogonal testing method. Simulations and optimization of sixteen possible combinations of the three parameters T, v and f are carried out with orthogonal testing method L16(43). Aimed at the uniform wall-thickness of elbow pipes, the influence regularity and the influence degree of heating temperature T, pushing speed v and friction coefficient f on the pipe quality are analyzed. The best parameter of hot pushing pipe bending process are T=750 °C, v=4 mm/s and f=0.16.

Sai-Ping Jiang,1,2,* Sai-Nan He,3,* Yun-Long Li,2,3 Da-Lin Feng,2 Xiao-Yang Lu,1 Yong-Zhong Du,2 He-Yong Yu,3 Fu-Qiang Hu,2 Hong Yuan2 1Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 2College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 3Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Safe and effective lipid nanoemulsion (LNE) formulations for the antitumor delivery of doxorubicin is designed. Methods: LNEs composed of medium-chain triglyceride, soybean oil, lecithin, and doxorubicin are prepared by a solvent-diffusion method in an aqueous system. The effects of lipid material composition and polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylation on the size, drug encapsulation efficiency, and stability of LNEs are investigated. Based on in-vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake tests of A549 (human lung carcinoma) cells, in-vivo biodistribution, antitumor activity, and cardiac toxicity are further examined using nude mouse bearing A549 tumor. Results: The LNE size decreases from 126.4 ± 8.7 nm to 44.5 ± 9.3 nm with increased weight ratio of medium-chain triglyceride to soybean oil from 1:4 to 3:2, whereas the encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin is slightly reduced from 79.2% ± 2.1% to 71.2% ± 2.9%. The PEGylation of LNE by 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(PEG)2000] (DSPE-PEG 2000) does not significantly change the size and drug encapsulation efficiency. Three-month storage at room temperature and lyophilization process does not affect the drug encapsulation efficiency, whereas the size slightly increases to almost 100 nm. The in-vitro drug-release profiles of LNEs suggest that the present formulation can prolong drug release for 48 hours. LNEs can be internalized into tumor cells in vitro and efficiently accumulate in tumor tissues in vivo by passive targeting. Analysis results of in-vitro and in-vivo antitumor activities reveal that doxorubicin-loaded LNE exerts a therapeutic effect similar to that of the commercial Adriamycin. Moreover, the toxicity of doxorubicin, particularly its cardiac toxicity, is reduced. Conclusion: The present LNE formulation of doxorubicin can effectively suppress tumor growth and improve the safety of Adriamycin. Keywords: PEGylation, stability, antitumor activity

The numerical simulation of the ironing process of deep cup shaped part was conducted by finite element software Deform 3D. The influences of interface friction and deformation velocity on the forming load and blank damage were studied in this paper. The simulation results showed that the forming load and damage increased obviously with the increase of the friction between the blank and cavity die. The blank damage increased and the forming load decreased with the increase of deformation velocity. These conclusions provide a reliable theoretical basis for the optimization of the ironing process of deep cup shaped part.

Elbows of oil pipeline were adopted to study the effect of the variation of the geometric parameters of the inner diameter d, bending degree k =R/d and bending angle A on the distribution regularity of the inner surface pressure, with the simulation by the FLUENT software. Based on the analysis, the pressure computational formula on the dangerous cross section α=45° was built by using 1stOpt software. The values computed by the formula agree well with the ones simulated by FLUENT, which lays the groundwork for strength check and structural design of the elbow pipe.

According to the variation of the flow parameters of the flow velocity v, outlet pressure P0 and fluid density ρ by using the FLUENT software, the influencing regularity of the distribution of the inner surface pressure in elbow pipe was analyzed. Based on the study, the pressure computational formula for 90 degree elbow pipe on the characteristic section α=45° was built. The research conclusion lays the groundwork for strength check and structural design of the elbow pipe.

Based on the structure features of double reticulated domes, a method for node generation and element connection of six typical double reticulated domes was produced. A macro program was designed by using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). The six typical double reticulated dome modeling was produced under given parameters such as span, rise high, double thickness, grid number in circular and radial direction. It is proved by several examples that this method is simple, efficient and possible. It can be easily used to analyze the internal force and optimized design in shell structures.

Based on the geometric characteristics of developed cylinder shell, five methods of node generation and element connection were proposed in the cylindrical coordinate system. The corresponding macro programmers were made by means of ANSYS software parametric design language. Five developed cylindrical shell parametric modelings were achieved under the conditions of the given shell types, span, vector height, length, the grid number of length wise direction and cross wise direction. Applied examples show that this parametric modeling method and programmers are simple, efficient and useful, which facilitate the force analysis and optimizing design under different types and parameter by means of ANSYS software.

Based on the structure features of double primary ribs reticulated domes, a method for node generation and element connection of six typical double primary ribs reticulated domes was produced in spherical coordinate system. A macro program was designed by using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). This six typical double primary ribs reticulated dome modeling was realized under given parameters such as span, rise high, double primary ribs thickness, grid number in circular and radial direction. It is proved by several examples that this method is simple, efficient and possible. It can be easily used to analyze the internal force and optimized design in shell structures.

Based on the geometric characteristics of five typical cylindrical shell structures, a method of the node generation and element connection of the reticulated shell is established in the cylindrical coordinate system. A macro program is designed by using its own Parametric Design Language APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) based on the platform of ANSYS. This five typical cylindrical shell modeling are realized under given parametric conditions such as span, rise high, length and number of grids. It is proved by several examples that this method is simple, efficient and possible. It can be easily used to analysis the internal force and optimize design in shell structures

With gross weight minimum of reticulated shell (including elements and nodes) as the objective function, with cross section size of elements, the volume of spherical nodes and shell shape parameter (kn, nx) as design variables, a two-level shape optimizing mathematical model of spherical reticulated shell, which is based on discrete variables, is established, and the corresponding optimizing design programmes are made. Model establishing with modeling macro program of spherical reticulated shell parameterization, using ANSYS software for the structure force analysis, this programme has the characteristics of high optimizing efficiency with multiple designing schemes, and high analyzing and computing accuracy. Some practical and valuable conclusions are reached by the analysis and comparisons of optimizing design results of 42 Kiewit spherical reticulated shells with six kinds of span and seven kinds of rise-span ratios

Based on the structure features of reticulated domes, a method for node generation and element connection of six typical reticulated domes is established in spherical coordinate system. A macro program is designed by using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). This six typical reticulated dome modeling are realized under given parameters such as span, rise high, grid number in circular and radial direction. It is proved by several examples that this method is simple, efficient and possible. It can be easily used to analysis the internal force and optimize design in shell structures

This paper is a study on the distributive regularities of dimensionless pressure in elbow pipes by dimensional and qualitative analyzing methods. The qualitative description method of fluid flow such as 90° elbow pipe is obtained. With Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the effect of a number of dimensionless parameters such as the non-dimensional curvature, Reynolds number, dimensionless axial angle α and annular angle β and other factors on the spatial distribution of pressure inside the elbow are analyzed and discussed in detail. This paper not only provides theoretical and numerical methods for understanding the dynamic behavior of the fluid in the elbow pipes, but also provides the reliable basis for designing thickness of elbow pipes with high temperature, high pressure and high velocity.

The internal pressure analytical model of elbow pipe and the research conclusions, which were established after the study of the influence which was made by different outlet pressure P0, inlet velocity v and fluid density ρ on the regularity of the distribution of the fluid pressure in elbow pipe with the method of numerical simulation, bear important engineering significance to the strength analysis, safety inspection and structural design of the elbow pipe.