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5 results on '"Xiao Wang, Bruce"'

1. English Prosodic Focus Marking by Cantonese Trilingual Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Author

Xiao Wang, Bruce, Si Chen, Fang Zhou, Jiang Liu, Cheng Xiao, Chan, Angel, and Tempo Tang

Subjects
*PROMPTS (Psychology), *RESEARCH funding, *AUTISM, *PHONOLOGICAL awareness, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *MULTILINGUALISM, *SPEECH evaluation, *CHILD development deviations, *ENGLISH language, *SPEECH perception, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *CHILDREN, PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of speech
Abstract

Purpose: The current study investigated English prosodic focus marking by autistic and typically developing (TD) Cantonese trilingual children, and examined the potential differences in this regard compared to native English-speaking children. Method: Forty-eight participants were recruited with 16 speakers for each of the three groups (Cantonese-speaking autistic [CASD], Cantonese-speaking TD [CTD], and English-speaking TD [ETD] children), and prompt questions were designed to elicit desired focus type (i.e., broad, narrow, and contrastive focus). Mean duration, mean fundamental frequency (F0), F0 range, mean intensity, and F0 curves were used as the acoustic correlates for linear mixed-effects model fitting and functional data analyses in relation to groups and focus conditions (i.e., broad, narrow, and contrastive pre-, on-, and post-focus). Results: The CTD group had post-focus compression (PFC) patterns via reducing mean duration, narrowing F0 range, and lowering mean F0, F0 curve, and mean intensity for words under both narrow and contrastive post-focus conditions, while the CASD group only had shortened mean duration and lowered F0 curves. However, neither the CTD group nor CASD group showed much of onfocus expansion (OFE) patterns. The ETD group marked OFE by increasing mean duration, mean F0, mean intensity, and higher F0 curve for words under on-focus conditions. Conclusions: The CTD group utilized more acoustic cues than the CASD group when it comes to PFC. The ETD group differed from the CASD and CTD groups in the use of OFE. Furthermore, both the CASD and CTD groups showed positive first language transfer in the use of duration and intensity and, potentially, successful acquisition in the use of F0 for prosodic focus marking. Meanwhile, the differences in the use of OFE between the Cantonese-speaking and English-speaking groups, not PFC, might indicate that Cantonese-speaking children acquire PFC prior to OFE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Multidimensional Signals and Analytic Flexibility: Estimating Degrees of Freedom in Human-Speech Analyses

Author

Coretta, Stefano, Casillas, Joseph V., Franke, Michael, Ahn, Byron, Al-Hoorie, Ali H., Al-Tamimi, Jalal, Alotaibi, Najd E., ALShakhori, Mohammed, Altmiller, Ruth M., Arantes, Pablo, Athanasopoulou, Angeliki, Baese-Berk, Melissa M., Bailey, George, A Sangma, Cheman, Beier, Eleonora J., Benavides, Gabriela M., Benker, Nicole, BensonMeyer, Emelia P., Benway, Nina R., Berry, Grant M., Bing, Liwen, Bjorndahl, Christina, Bolyanatz, Mariška, Braver, Aaron, Brown, Violet A., Brown, Alicia M., Brugos, Alejna, Buchanan, Erin M., Butlin, Tanna, Buxó-Lugo, Andrés, Caillol, Coline, Cangemi, Francesco, Carignan, Christopher, Carraturo, Sita, Caudrelier, Tiphaine, Chodroff, Eleanor, Cohn, Michelle, Cronenberg, Johanna, Crouzet, Olivier, Dagar, Erica L., Dawson, Charlotte, Diantoro, Carissa A., Dokovova, Marie, Drake, Shiloh, Fengting, Du, Dubuis, Margaux, Duême, Florent, Durward, Matthew, Egurtzegi, Ander, Elserif, Mahmoud M., Esser, Janina, Ferragne, Emmanel, Ferreira, Fernanda, Fink, Lauren K., Finley, Sara, Foster, Kurtis, Foulkes, Paul, Franzke, Rosa, Frazer-Mckee, Gabriel, Fromont, Robert, García, Christina, Geller, Jason, Grasso, Camille L., Greca, Pia, Grice, Martine, Grose-Hodge, Magdalena, Gully, Amelia J., Halfacre, Caitlin, Hauser, Ivy, Hay, Jen, Haywood, Robert, Hellmuth, Sam, Hilger, Allison I., Holliday, Nicole, Hoogland, Damar, Huang, Yaqian, Hughes, Vincent, Icardo Isasa, Ane, Ilchovska, Zlatomira G., Jeon, Hae-Sung, Jones, Jacq, Junges, Mágat N., Kaefer, Stephanie, Kaland, Constantijn, Kelley, Matthew C., Kelly, Niamh E., Kettig, Thomas, Khattab, Ghada, Koolen, Ruud, Krahmer, Emiel, Krajewska, Dorota, Krug, Andreas, Kumar, Abhilasha A., Lander, Anna, Lentz, Tomas O., Li, Wanyin, Li, Yanyu, Lialiou, Maria, Lima Jr., Ronaldo M., Lo, Justin J.H., Lopez Otero, Julio Cesar, Moroz, George, Murali, Mridhula, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nenadić, Filip, Nikolić, Dušan, Nogueira, Francisco G.S., Offerman, Heather M., Passoni, Elisa, Pelissier, Maud, Perry, Scott J., Pfiffner, Alexandra M., Proctor, Michael, Rhodes, Ryan, Rodríguez, Nicole, Roepke, Elizabeth, Röer, Jan P., Sbacco, Lucia, Scarborough, Rebecca, Schaeffler, Felix, Schleef, Erik, Schmitz, Dominic, Shiryaev, Alexander, Sóskuthy, Márton, Spaniol, Malin, Stanley, Joseph A., Strickler, Alyssa, Tavano, Alessandro, Tomascheck, Fabian, Tucker, Benjamin V., Turnbull, Rory, Ugwuanyi, Kingsley O., Urrestarazu-Porta, Iñigo, van de Vijver, Ruben, Van Engen, Kristin J., van Miltenburg, Emiel, Xiao Wang, Bruce, Warner, Natasha, Wehrle, Simon, Westerbeek, Hans, Wiener, Seth, Winters, Stephen, Wong, Sidney G.-J., Wood, Anna, Wottawa, Jane, Xu, Chenzi, Zárate-Sández, Germán, Zellou, Georgia, Zhang, Cong, Zhu, Jian, Roettger, Timo B., Coretta, Stefano, Casillas, Joseph V., Franke, Michael, Ahn, Byron, Al-Hoorie, Ali H., Al-Tamimi, Jalal, Alotaibi, Najd E., ALShakhori, Mohammed, Altmiller, Ruth M., Arantes, Pablo, Athanasopoulou, Angeliki, Baese-Berk, Melissa M., Bailey, George, A Sangma, Cheman, Beier, Eleonora J., Benavides, Gabriela M., Benker, Nicole, BensonMeyer, Emelia P., Benway, Nina R., Berry, Grant M., Bing, Liwen, Bjorndahl, Christina, Bolyanatz, Mariška, Braver, Aaron, Brown, Violet A., Brown, Alicia M., Brugos, Alejna, Buchanan, Erin M., Butlin, Tanna, Buxó-Lugo, Andrés, Caillol, Coline, Cangemi, Francesco, Carignan, Christopher, Carraturo, Sita, Caudrelier, Tiphaine, Chodroff, Eleanor, Cohn, Michelle, Cronenberg, Johanna, Crouzet, Olivier, Dagar, Erica L., Dawson, Charlotte, Diantoro, Carissa A., Dokovova, Marie, Drake, Shiloh, Fengting, Du, Dubuis, Margaux, Duême, Florent, Durward, Matthew, Egurtzegi, Ander, Elserif, Mahmoud M., Esser, Janina, Ferragne, Emmanel, Ferreira, Fernanda, Fink, Lauren K., Finley, Sara, Foster, Kurtis, Foulkes, Paul, Franzke, Rosa, Frazer-Mckee, Gabriel, Fromont, Robert, García, Christina, Geller, Jason, Grasso, Camille L., Greca, Pia, Grice, Martine, Grose-Hodge, Magdalena, Gully, Amelia J., Halfacre, Caitlin, Hauser, Ivy, Hay, Jen, Haywood, Robert, Hellmuth, Sam, Hilger, Allison I., Holliday, Nicole, Hoogland, Damar, Huang, Yaqian, Hughes, Vincent, Icardo Isasa, Ane, Ilchovska, Zlatomira G., Jeon, Hae-Sung, Jones, Jacq, Junges, Mágat N., Kaefer, Stephanie, Kaland, Constantijn, Kelley, Matthew C., Kelly, Niamh E., Kettig, Thomas, Khattab, Ghada, Koolen, Ruud, Krahmer, Emiel, Krajewska, Dorota, Krug, Andreas, Kumar, Abhilasha A., Lander, Anna, Lentz, Tomas O., Li, Wanyin, Li, Yanyu, Lialiou, Maria, Lima Jr., Ronaldo M., Lo, Justin J.H., Lopez Otero, Julio Cesar, Moroz, George, Murali, Mridhula, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nenadić, Filip, Nikolić, Dušan, Nogueira, Francisco G.S., Offerman, Heather M., Passoni, Elisa, Pelissier, Maud, Perry, Scott J., Pfiffner, Alexandra M., Proctor, Michael, Rhodes, Ryan, Rodríguez, Nicole, Roepke, Elizabeth, Röer, Jan P., Sbacco, Lucia, Scarborough, Rebecca, Schaeffler, Felix, Schleef, Erik, Schmitz, Dominic, Shiryaev, Alexander, Sóskuthy, Márton, Spaniol, Malin, Stanley, Joseph A., Strickler, Alyssa, Tavano, Alessandro, Tomascheck, Fabian, Tucker, Benjamin V., Turnbull, Rory, Ugwuanyi, Kingsley O., Urrestarazu-Porta, Iñigo, van de Vijver, Ruben, Van Engen, Kristin J., van Miltenburg, Emiel, Xiao Wang, Bruce, Warner, Natasha, Wehrle, Simon, Westerbeek, Hans, Wiener, Seth, Winters, Stephen, Wong, Sidney G.-J., Wood, Anna, Wottawa, Jane, Xu, Chenzi, Zárate-Sández, Germán, Zellou, Georgia, Zhang, Cong, Zhu, Jian, and Roettger, Timo B.

Abstract

Published on 20 July 2023, Recent empirical studies have highlighted the large degree of analytic flexibility in data analysis that can lead to substantially different conclusions based on the same data set. Thus, researchers have expressed their concerns that these researcher degrees of freedom might facilitate bias and can lead to claims that do not stand the test of time. Even greater flexibility is to be expected in fields in which the primary data lend themselves to a variety of possible operationalizations. The multidimensional, temporally extended nature of speech constitutes an ideal testing ground for assessing the variability in analytic approaches, which derives not only from aspects of statistical modeling but also from decisions regarding the quantification of the measured behavior. In this study, we gave the same speech-production data set to 46 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question, resulting in substantial variability in reported effect sizes and their interpretation. Using Bayesian meta-analytic tools, we further found little to no evidence that the observed variability can be explained by analysts’ prior beliefs, expertise, or the perceived quality of their analyses. In light of this idiosyncratic variability, we recommend that researchers more transparently share details of their analysis, strengthen the link between theoretical construct and quantitative system, and calibrate their (un)certainty in their conclusions.

Published
2023

3. The effect of sampling variability on overall performance and individual speakers' behaviour in likelihood ratio-based forensic voice comparison.

Author

Xiao Wang, Bruce

Subjects
AUTOMATIC speech recognition, BAYESIAN analysis, LINGUISTICS, PHONETICS, MATHEMATICAL variables
Abstract

The article discusses the forensic voice comparison (FVC) using Bayesian reasoning and likelihood ratio framework, and the importance of empirically validating system performance. Topics include Linguistic-phonetic variables are used to investigate the effect of varying configurations of statistical model that improve system performance; the testing the performance of automatic speaker recognition; and finding a set of test speakers that produces a validity measure representative for the case.

Published
2022
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5. The effect of speaker sampling in likelihood ratio based forensic voice comparison

Author

Xiao Wang, Bruce, Hughes, Vincent, and Foulkes, Paul

Abstract

Within the field of forensic voice comparison (FVC), there is growing pressure for experts to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the conclusions they reach in casework. One benefit of a fully data-driven approach that utilises databases of speakers to compute numerical likelihood ratios (LRs) is that it is possible to estimate validity and reliability empirically. However, little is known about the stability of LR output as a function of the specific speakers sampled for use in the training, test and reference data sets. The present study addresses this issue using two large sets of formant data: Cantonese sentence final particle /a/ and British English filled pauses UM. Experiments were replicated 100 times varying the 1) training, test and reference speakers, 2) training speakers only, 3) test speakers only, and 4) reference speakers only. The results show that varying the speakers in all three sets has the greatest effect on system stability for both the Cantonese and English variables, with the Cllr varying from 0.60 to 0.97 for /a/ and 0.32 to 1.33 for UM. However, this variability is primarily due to the effects of uncertainty in the test set. Varying only the training speakers has the least effect on system stability for /a/ (Cllr range: 0.76 to 0.88), while varying reference speakers has the smallest effect for UM (Cllr range: 0.40 to 0.54). The results indicate that in LR-based FVC it is important to assess the stability of the system as a function of the samples of speakers used (Cllr range) rather than just reporting a single Cllr value based on one configuration of speakers in each set. The study contributes to the general debate on reporting uncertainty in LR computation.

Published
2019
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