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Abstract Background Previous studies have established a positive link between nurse managers’ caring leadership and nurses’ work engagement, but the processes and conditions through which this leadership style influences positive work behaviors remain largely unexplored. To address this gap and contribute to the existing body of knowledge, we developed a chain-mediated effects model to elucidate the impact of caring leadership on nurses’ work engagement and the underlying mechanisms. In this model, we identified professional mission and affective organizational commitment as the mediating variables, offering a novel perspective on the relationship between caring leadership and work engagement. Methods A robust multi-center and large-sample cross-sectional survey was conducted, involving 2502 first-line nurses from six general tertiary hospitals across the eastern, central, and western regions of China. The data collection instruments included a comprehensive questionnaire covering demographic information, the caring leadership scale, the Chinese calling scale, the affective organizational commitment scale, and the Utrecht work engagement scale. Data were meticulously screened and analyzed, employing descriptive analysis to summarize the demographic information, correlation analysis to test the relationship among the variables, stepwise regression analysis to explore the mediating role of calling and affective organization commitment, and the bootstrap method to test the chain mediating effect. This rigorous methodology not only ensures the reliability and validity of research findings but also instills confidence in the robustness of this research. Results The results indicated a positive relationship among caring leadership, calling, affective organizational commitment, and nurses’ work engagement (p

Abstract This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for osteomyelitis recurrence and present our experiences in treating traumatic osteomyelitis in the lower leg and foot. We retrospectively reviewed data from 174 patients with distally based sural flaps for treating traumatic osteomyelitis with soft tissue defects in the lower leg and foot from November 2003 to February 2021. Possible risk factors for osteomyelitis recurrence were compared between the osteomyelitis control and recurrence groups. A total of 162 (93.1%) flaps survived uneventfully, while 12 (6.9%) flaps developed partial necrosis. Five patients had a bone defect with an average length of 5 cm. The free vascularized bone grafts were performed in two patients, and bone transportations were performed in three patients. All patients were followed up with an average period of 72.8 months. There were 152 patients (87.4%) in control group and 22 patients (12.6%) in recurrence group. The recurrence rates of osteomyelitis were significantly higher when the patient’s age was 40 years or more and the duration was 10 weeks or more (P

Objective The clinical management of patients with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia (CLTI) faces great challenges. Enhancing wound healing and limb preservation rates in this cohort is a critical objective. This study investigates the effectiveness of combining tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) and endovascular therapy (EVT) for the treatment of patients with severe CLTI. We aim to evaluate the therapeutic results of this combined approach on the specified patient group. Methods We conducted a retrospective study to compare EVT with the combination of TTT and EVT in patients (Rutherford category 5 and above) with CLTI at Guangxi Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital from June 2017 to June 2023. This cohort was subjected to a follow‐up period ranging from a minimum of 6 months to a maximum of 12 months. The primary outcome measures included amputation‐free survival (AFS) (avoidance of above‐ankle amputation or death from any cause), overall mortality, limb salvage rates, wound healing efficiency, and the technical efficacy of the applied treatments. A variety of statistical analyses including chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses. Results In this study, 131 patients with CLTI were included: 76 in the control group receiving only EVT treatment and 55 in the TTT + EVT group. The two groups were matched on demographic and clinical characteristics. In the TTT + EVT group, after more than 6 months of follow‐up, 85.5% of patients achieved AFS, and wound healing was observed in 54.5% (30 of 55 patients). After more than 12 months of follow‐up, 81.9% achieved AFS, with wound healing in 32 patients. Furthermore, after more than 24 months, 74.2% of patients remained amputation‐free, with wound healing in all surviving patients. In the control group, after more than 6 months of follow‐up, 72.4% of patients achieved AFS, and wound healing was observed in 51.3% (39 of 96 patients). After more than 12 months, 48.9% achieved AFS, with wound healing in 21 patients. Conclusion We found that combining therapy of TTT and EVT is safe and can be successfully administered in patients with CLTI and it enhances wound healing and AFS.

To sort out the requirements for enhancing the capacity and informatization construction of CDC laboratories in the context of high-quality development of disease prevention and control. To investigate and analyze the current situation, problems faced and development needs for laboratory informatization construction of disease prevention and control institutions in Shanghai, so as to provide an evidence for putting forward targeted suggestions. In addition, it will provide ideas for comprehensively improving the informatization construction of laboratories in disease prevention and control institutions and constructing a smart and accurate modern disease prevention and control system under the new context.

Abstract Studying crystal anisotropy is of great importance for understanding the thermal–mechanical coupling behavior of crystalline rocks in deep underground engineering. In this study, a microscopic parameter calibration method incorporating the size effect is proposed. Subsequently, a thermal–mechanical coupling model accounting for the quartz crystal anisotropy is established to investigate the thermal–mechanical coupling behavior of monomineral quartzite. The results show that thermal-induced microcracks are exclusively distributed along crystal boundaries, and initiate preferentially from crystal boundaries with a larger average linear thermal expansion coefficient, eventually leading to the formation of a crack network. With the increase in temperature, the peak strength of monomineral quartzite increases slightly at first and then decreases rapidly, and the transition threshold temperature is 200 °C. Both elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio show a monotonic pattern, with abrupt changes occurring at 200 and 300 °C, respectively. The monomineral quartzite exhibits a significant compaction stage under uniaxial compression, and the ductile strengthening critical temperature for monomineral quartzite are between 400 and 500 °C. The quartz crystal anisotropy leads to an anisotropic distribution of inclination angles for tensile microcracks under high temperatures while having no obvious effect on the shear microcracks. In addition, the average size of fragments generated under uniaxial compression is influenced by thermal cracking, demonstrating an initial decrease followed by an increase, and the distribution of fragment sizes is solely correlated with the temperature, which is more concentrated with the increase in temperature.

Abstract Invasion and migration are the key hallmarks of cancer, and aggressive growth is a major factor contributing to treatment failure and poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), as an epigenetic regulator, has been confirmed to promote the malignant proliferation of glioblastoma cells in previous studies. However, the effects of PRMT6 on glioblastoma cell invasion and migration and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that PRMT6 functions as a driver element for tumor cell invasion and migration in glioblastoma. Bioinformatics analysis and glioma sample detection results demonstrated that PRMT6 is highly expressed in mesenchymal subtype or invasive gliomas, and is significantly negatively correlated with their prognosis. Inhibition of PRMT6 (using PRMT6 shRNA or inhibitor EPZ020411) reduces glioblastoma cell invasion and migration in vitro, whereas overexpression of PRMT6 produces opposite effects. Then, we identified that PRMT6 maintains the protein stability of EZH2 by inhibiting the degradation of EZH2 protein, thereby mediating the invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells. Further mechanistic investigations found that PRMT6 inhibits the transcription of TRAF6 by activating the histone methylation mark (H3R2me2a), and reducing the interaction between TRAF6 and EZH2 to enhance the protein stability of EZH2 in glioblastoma cells. Xenograft tumor assay and HE staining results showed that the expression of PRMT6 could promote the invasion of glioblastoma cells in vivo, the immunohistochemical staining results of mouse brain tissue tumor sections also confirmed the regulatory relationship between PRMT6, TRAF6, and EZH2. Our findings illustrate that PRMT6 suppresses TRAF6 transcription via H3R2me2a to enhance the protein stability of EZH2 to facilitate glioblastoma cell invasion and migration. Blocking the PRMT6-TRAF6-EZH2 axis is a promising strategy for inhibiting glioblastoma cell invasion and migration.

Understanding the ecological uniqueness of soil bacterial and fungal communities and their driving factors can provide more targeted protection for soil microbial diversity. In this study, spatial multi-site sampling was conducted in a wide range of alpine meadows to reveal the patterns of ecological uniqueness of soil bacterial and fungal communities and the driving factors. The results showed that the soil fungal community contributed 62.3 % to the ecological uniqueness of the microbial community, compared to 37.7 % for bacteria, emphasizing the importance of protecting soil fungal diversity to maintain microbial diversity in the region. Soil bacterial diversity had a positive effect on ecological uniqueness, while fungi had an opposite pattern. Interactions of climate conditions, soil properties, plant and microbial diversity explain most of the variation in the ecological uniqueness of bacterial and fungal communities. Plant community played a key mediating role in maintaining the ecological uniqueness of soil bacterial and fungal communities in alpine meadows. This study proposed to maintain the diversity of soil microbial communities in alpine meadows by protecting sites with high ecological uniqueness of soil bacterial and fungal communities, and restoring sites with low ecological uniqueness.

Powder metallurgy high chromium cast iron (PM HCCI) and low carbon steels (LCS) were welded by multi-pass manual gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The effects of welding current on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the weld joints were systematically investigated, the microstructure evolution model of the weld joints was proposed, and the fracture mechanism of the solders was also discussed. In the results, the tensile strength of the welded joints reaches 538.1 MPa at 140 A welding current, which is 95.3% and 97.4% of the tensile strength for PM HCCI and LCS, respectively. The microhardness of the welded joints decreases from HCCI side to LCS side in the horizontal direction, whereas in the vertical direction, the microhardness distribution is of M-shape due to the secondary tempering and alloying element diffusion/segregation. The fusion zone (FZ) mainly consists of the austenite and tempered martensite at the welding current of 140 A, and there is a single austenite columnar crystals zone between FZ and LCS; while there is a HCCI columnar crystal zone between FZ and the sintered HCCI, in which the coarsen carbides with branches are distributed along the matrix’s grain boundary.

Objective By screening and passaging G0 generation Wistar rats, we obtained hypoxia-sensitive and hypoxia-tolerant G1 generation rats, and then the differences in hypoxia sensitivity among these rats were preliminarily explored. Methods 200 Wistar rats (half male and half female) were selected as G0 generation and placed in a controlled oxygen concentration system. The hypoxia tolerance time, which refers to the time from placement to near death, was recorded for the G0 generation rats at an oxygen volume fraction of 3%. 30 rats (half male and half female) with the shortest hypoxia tolerance time were selected for mating and passage to obtain G1 generation hypoxia-sensitive rats. Similarly, 30 rats (half male and half female) with the longest hypoxia tolerance time were selected for mating and passage to obtain G1 generation hypoxia-tolerant rats. An additional 24 standard Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a model group, with 12 rats in each group (half male and half female). The control group was kept in a normoxic environment, while the model group, along with the G1 generation hypoxia-sensitive rats (G1 sensitive group) and G1 generation hypoxia-tolerant rats (G1 tolerant group), were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber (simulating an altitude of 5 000 m). After 12 hours, various indicators, including blood gas, complete blood count, blood biochemistry, pathological sections, and hypoxia-related genes were detected or observed to compare the differences in hypoxia sensitivity among the 4 groups. Results Compared with the G0 generation standard rats, the hypoxia tolerance time of G1 generation rats was significantly prolonged (P0.05).ConclusionCompared with standard rats, G1 generation hypoxia-sensitive/tolerant rats exhibit good signs of hypoxia sensitivity/tolerance traits, but further screening and passage are still needed to purify them.

[Objective] In order to quantitatively evaluate the suitability and quality improvement potential of forest and grass in typical watersheds of complex underlying surface in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. [Methods] The evaluation index system and evaluation method of forest and grass suitability in Sanchuan River Basin were constructed by means of geographical detector, spatial analysis, mathematical statistics and other methods, and the forest and grass suitability and its potential for quality improvement under the current land use conditions in the basin were evaluated. [Results] (1) The dominant factors affecting the suitable distribution of forest land in the Sanchuan River Basin include the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), elevation, soil erosion intensity and soil type. The dominant factors affecting the suitable distribution of grass land include elevation, FPAR, soil type and soil moisture, etc. (2) The area of forest land with different suitability degrees was from large to small high suitability, unsuitable, mid-height suitability, moderate suitability, and the area above moderate suitable accounted for 81.9% of the total area of forest land. The area of grassland with different suitability degree was in order from large to small: moderate suitability, unsuitable, mid-height suitability, and high suitability, and area above moderate suitability accounts for 55.3% of the total area of grassland, and there was still a large space for optimization layout of grassland in the basin. (3) The area of forest land improvement was 223.2 km2, accounting for 15.4% of the total area of moderate suitability and above areas, and most of the forest land in the area had reached the coverage threshold level. The area of grade I upgrading potential of forest in each suitability area accounted for more than 89.0%, and the difficulty of upgrading was low. The area of grassland improvement was 222.3 km2, accounting for 43.1% of the total area of moderate suitability and above areas, and nearly half of the grassland in the area have not yet reached the coverage threshold; The area proportion of grade I upgrading potential of grassland in each suitability area decreased with the increase of suitability, and the difficulty of upgrading increased with the increase of suitability. (4) The forest land can implement weak intervention measures based on natural restoration by strengthening the control of closure; grassland needs to take appropriate intervention measures according to the potential zoning of different suitability to achieve the overall improvement of grassland coverage. [Conclusion] In the Sanchuan River Basin, the pattern of forest land was better than that of grassland and the potential of grassland improvement is higher than that of forest land. The evaluation method of forest and grass habitat suitability constructed in this study can provide a scientific basis for the rational allocation of plant measures and the improvement of quality and efficiency in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

The types，preparation methods，thermal and mechanical properties of rare earth hafnate materials and their corrosion behaviors exposed to low melting point silicate（CMAS） and high temperature water vapor are summarized. The previous investigations indicate that the rare earth hafnates have the characteristics of low thermal conductivity，excellent high-temperature phase stability and good resistance to CMAS corrosion，which shows a favorable application prospect in the field of thermal/environmental barrier coatings（T/EBCs）. However，in order to overcome the limitations of a single-phase rare earth hafnate exposed to water vapor corrosion and CMAS，it is still necessary to carry out systematic studies on multi-rare earth components/high-entropy rare earth hafnate in the future，and further clarify the mechanism of influence of lattice distortion caused by components on physical and chemical properties of materials. Moreover，the coupled control method of thermal，mechanical and chemical properties of hafnate with integrated functions such as thermal protection，water vapor corrosion resistance and CMAS resistance and their corresponding material preparation processes should be explored.

Abstract The role of SLC3A2, a gene implicated in disulfidptosis, has not been characterized in gliomas. This study aims to clarify the prognostic value of SLC3A2 and its influence on glioma. We evaluated the expression of SLC3A2 and its prognostic importance in gliomas using publicly accessible databases and our clinical glioma samples and with reliance on Meta and Cox regression analysis approaches. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore SLC3A2's function. Immune infiltration was evaluated using CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and single-cell sequencing data. Additionally, Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition scores were determined. CCK8, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays were utilized in vitro, and an orthotopic glioma xenograft model was employed in vivo, to investigate the role of SLC3A2 in gliomas. Bioinformatics analyses indicated high SLC3A2 expression correlates with adverse clinicopathological features and poor patient prognosis. Upregulated SLC3A2 influenced the tumor microenvironment by altering immune cell infiltration, particularly of macrophages, and tumor migration and invasion. SLC3A2 expression positively correlated with immune therapy indicators, including immune checkpoints and TIDE. Elevated SLC3A2 was revealed as an independent risk element for poor glioma prognosis through Cox regression analyses. In vitro experiments showed that reduced SLC3A2 expression decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo, knockdown of SLC3A2 led to a reduction in tumor volume and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, SLC3A2 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in gliomas.

Abstract A shift of El Niño onset location from eastern Pacific (EP) to western Pacific (WP) occurred around 1970. It was accompanied by a faster mean sea surface temperature (SST) warming in WP and a change of precursory SST and wind anomaly patterns. The eigenvalue analysis of a simple coupled model shows that an SST anomaly (SSTA) in WP may grow under the post-1970 mean condition but cannot under the pre-1970 mean condition. As a result, a warm SSTA appeared in WP accompanying to a preceding La Niña condition in EP after 1970, whereas such a warming was rarely seen before 1970. The preceding SSTA patterns led to distinctive zonal wind responses in EP, favoring El Niño onset in EP prior to 1970. For the post-1970 El Niño onset, an initial warming in WP was induced by anomalous downward solar radiation in association with atmospheric meridional overturning circulation or anomalous horizontal advection associated with thermocline induced eastward geostrophic currents.

Castleman disease (CD) is a relatively rare lymphoproliferative disorder. Lesions predominantly originate on the chest and neck and rarely occur on the abdomen. A 34-year-old female presented to our hospital with an unexplained 10-year history of anemia. A pathological diagnosis of plasma cell-type CD was established. One cycle of chemotherapy (thalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone) improved her anemia significantly. Prompt etiological diagnosis and early intervention are essential to address systemic manifestations in patients with CD, and it is crucial to consider CD as a differential diagnosis when intra-abdominal masses are detected.

Peiguang Xiao,1 Maodong Guo,1 Lujian Zhu2 1Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lujian Zhu, Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China, Email zhulj_brave@163.comAim: Significant gastrointestinal hemorrhages, resulting from long-term compression of the duodenum by a hepatic pseudoaneurysm (HAPA), is an extremely rare condition. In fact, when the pseudoaneurysm is small in diameter, diagnosis can be particularly challenging. Timely and effective diagnosis and treatment is therefore of great significance, and in this case, endoscopy, combined with intravascular therapy, can provide an effective approach, especially since it removes the need for surgery while yielding favorable outcomes.Case Summary: A 75-year-old old man presented to the hospital’s emergency department with hematemesis and black stool. Despite conservative treatments such as “acid suppression, fluid resupply, hemostasis and blood transfusion”, no significant improvement was noted. Emergency gastroscopy subsequently revealed an ulcer in the duodenal bulb (Figure 1), with an exposed thrombotic head and active bleeding on the surface. In addition, abdominal computed tomography (Figure 2) showed no obvious HAPA manifestations. After unsuccessful endoscopic hemostasis, angiography was performed (Figure 3) and a pseudotumor-like dilatation measuring 5.56 mm in diameter was found at the distal end of the proximal branch vessel of the common hepatic artery. Following spring coil embolization (Figure 4), the patient’s condition improved and he was discharged from the hospital, with a follow-up after six months showing no signs of recurrence or complications.Conclusion: Duodenal ulcer hemorrhages due to small hepatic pseudoaneurysms are very rare, with endoscopic intervention being effective for such cases.Keywords: hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, endovascular treatment, gastroscopy, duodenal ulcer, bleeding, case report

Abstract Climatological monthly mean tropical cyclone (TC) genesis location in the western North Pacific exhibits a marked meridional shift from June to November and the physical cause of such a shift was investigated through the diagnosis of observational and reanalysis datasets. Two genesis potential indices were used to examine key environmental parameters affecting the meridional shift. The diagnosis results indicate that dynamic parameters such as vertical and meridional wind shears play a dominant role in promoting both the northward advance and southward retreat of the mean genesis latitude, while the effect of vertical velocity is negligible. The thermodynamic parameters such as relative humidity and potential intensity in general play a minor role, except that the latter helps promote northward advance during the early TC season. The change of the environmental parameters is closely linked to the sub‐seasonal evolution of the monsoon trough and subtropical high in the western North Pacific. Maximum synoptic‐scale variability also experiences a similar meridional shift, contributing to the TC genesis location shift.

Summary: Although adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) is considered an extracellular ADA, evidence questions the physiological relevance of this activity. Our study reveals that ADA2 localizes within the lysosomes, where it is targeted through modifications of its glycan structures. We show that ADA2 interacts with DNA molecules, altering their sequences by converting deoxyadenosine (dA) to deoxyinosine (dI). We characterize its DNA substrate preferences and provide data suggesting that DNA, rather than free adenosine, is its natural substrate. Finally, we demonstrate that dA-to-dI editing of DNA molecules and ADA2 regulate lysosomal immune sensing of nucleic acids (NAs) by modulating Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation. Our results describe a mechanism involved in the complex interplay between NA metabolism and immune response, possibly impacting ADA2 deficiency (DADA2) and other diseases involving this pathway, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, or infectious diseases.

Abstract Drought dramatically impacts the autumn phenology of vegetation. However, the underlying mechanisms of vegetation autumn phenology responses to drought in tropical and subtropical forests remain unclear. Here, we employed three fitting methods to extract the end‐of‐photosynthetic‐growing‐season (EOPS) dates and quantified their responses to drought intensity using ridge regression and correlation analysis. Our analysis revealed a general delay in the trend of EOPS at an average rate of 3.6 days per decade from 2001 to 2020 in southern China. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) emerged as the primary influencing predictor of EOPS processes, surpassing the impacts of temperature, precipitation, and radiation. Notably, our analysis highlighted a shift in the response of EOPS to drought from delay to advancement when drought intensity exceeded 0.38. Incorporating this reversal phenomenon into EOPS models is crucial for accurately predicting autumn phenology under future escalating drought conditions.

Rapid tissue reconstruction in acute and chronic injuries are challengeable, the inefficient repair mainly due to the difficulty in simultaneous promoting the regeneration of peripheral nerves and vascular, which are closely related. Main clinical medication strategy of tissue repair depends on different cytokines to achieve nerves, blood vessels or granulation tissue regeneration, respectively. However, their effect is still limited to single aspect with biorisk exists upon long-time use. Herein, for the first time, we have demonstrated that NA isolated from Malania oleifera has potential to simultaneously promote both neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. First, NA was identified by NMR and FTIR structural characterization analysis. In a model of oxidative stress in neural cells induced by hydrogen peroxide, the cells viability of RSC96 and PC12 were protected from oxidative stress injury by NA. Similarly, based on the rat wound healing model, effective blood vessel formation and wound healing can be observed in tissue staining under NA treatment. In addition, according to the identification of nerve and vascular related markers in the wound tissue, the mechanism of NA promoting nerve regeneration lies in the upregulation of the secretion NGF, NF-200 and S100 protein, and NA treatment was also able to up-regulate VEGF and CD31 to directly promote angiogenesis during wound healing. This study provides an important candidate drug molecules for acute or chronic wound healing and nerve vascular synchronous regeneration.

Background Mature rapeseed pods typically shatter when harvested, resulting in approximately 8–12% yield loss. Adverse weather conditions and mechanized harvesting can diminish pod yield by up to 50%, primarily owing to delays in harvesting and mechanical collisions. The pod shatter resistance index (PSRI) assesses pod damage. Recent research focused on comparing pod shatter resistance among varieties, evaluating methods, and studying gene knockout mechanisms. However, there remains a pressing need to broaden the scope of research. In particular, it is essential to recognize that pod shatter, a complex trait, influenced by genetics, environment, agronomic practices, and harvest techniques. Future studies should integrate these factors to develop comprehensive strategies to mitigate pod shatter, enhancing rapeseed yields and agricultural mechanization. This review explores factors affecting pod shatter resistance and strategies to improve it. Methodology Scoping literature review that adhered to the methodological framework for systematic reviews was performed using search engines such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. This review aimed to identify pertinent articles, which were subsequently subjected to thorough screening and evaluation. The protocol for this literature review involved the following key steps: definition of research questions, development of a search strategy, development of data extraction strategy, synthesis of the extracted data, and organization and analysis of the extracted data. Results The review presents strategies for enhancing rapeseed yield during mechanized harvesting, focusing on four key areas: (i) selecting and breeding shatter-resistant varieties using DNA markers to establish a robust germplasm resource; (ii) optimizing cultivation technologies and agronomic measures to elicit favorable interactions between compact plant-type genotypes and the environment, thereby facilitating nutrient-related regulatory mechanisms of rapeseed pods to improve pod dry weight and resistance; (iii) innovating combine header design and structure to better suit rapeseed harvesting; and (iv) providing training for operators to enhance their harvesting skills. These comprehensive measures aim to minimize yield loss, increase production efficiency. Conclusion To effectively reduce yield loss during mechanized harvesting of rapeseed, it is crucial to enhance resistance to pod shattering by addressing both internal physiological factors and external environmental conditions. This requires a holistic approach that includes genetic improvements, optimization of ecological conditions, careful cultivation management, and precise harvesting timing, along with ongoing research into traits related to machine harvesting to boost production efficiency and sustainability.

Emulsification is one of the main mechanisms of chemical flooding to enhance oil recovery in heavy oil reservoirs. The emulsification of heavy oil in porous media is closely related to reservoir temperature and oil-displacing agent concentration. The relationship between the critical concentration and temperature of the oil-displacing agent required to form oil in water （O/W） emulsions in heavy oil was studied by emulsification experiment. The emulsification and migration rules of crude oil during chemical flooding of heavy oil were studied by using high-temperature and high-pressure microscopic visual oil displacement devices. The results show that a higher temperature in the emulsification experiment indicates that the crude oil is easier to emulsify， and the critical emulsification concentration of the required oil-displacing agent is lower. The critical emulsification concentration decreases by 90% when the temperature increases from 30 °C to 90 °C during the experiment. There are three modes of emulsification of heavy oil in porous media during microscopic oil displacement experiments for chemical flooding of heavy oil： the emulsification mode of heavy oil shows dispersion， migration， and coalescence at the throat in porous media when the concentration of the oil-displacing agent is less than the critical emulsification concentration of the oil-displacing agent required for heavy oil emulsification at this temperature； the emulsification mode of heavy oil indicates emulsification， migration， re-emulsification， and re-migration when the concentration of the oil-displacing agent is greater than the critical emulsification concentration of the oil-displacing agent required for heavy oil emulsification at this temperature； the emulsification mode of heavy oil is manifested as contact， stripping， and migration when the concentration of the oil-displacing agent is much larger than the critical emulsification concentration of the oil-displacing agent required for heavy oil emulsification at this temperature. Therefore， the concentration of the oil-displacing agent should be increased as much as possible to achieve efficient emulsification of heavy oil and improve oil recovery under the premise of controlling the cost when chemical flooding of heavy oil is carried out.

Abstract Secondary lung injury after SCI is a major cause of patient mortality, with apoptosis playing a key role. This study aimed to explore the impact of treadmill training and miR145-5p on the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway and apoptosis in rats with complete SCI. SD rats were used to establish T10 segmental complete SCI models and underwent treadmill training 3, 7, or 14 days postinjury. Various techniques including arterial blood gas analysis, lung wet/dry weight ratio, HE staining, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were employed to assess alterations in lung function and the expression levels of crucial apoptosis-related factors. In order to elucidate the specific mechanism, the impact of miR145-5p on the MAPK/Erk pathway and its role in apoptosis in lung cells were confirmed through miR145-5p overexpression and knockdown experiments. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), an increase in apoptosis, activation of the MAPK/Erk pathway, and impairment of lung function were observed in SCI rats. Conversely, treadmill training resulted in a reduction in alveolar cell apoptosis, suppression of the MAPK/Erk pathway, and enhancement of lung function. The gene MAP3K3 was identified as a target of miR145-5p. The influence of miR145-5p on the MAPK/Erk pathway and its impact on apoptosis in alveolar cells were confirmed through the manipulation of miR145-5p expression levels. The upregulation of miR145-5p in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats led to a reduction in MAP3K3 protein expression within lung tissues, thereby inhibiting the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway and decreasing apoptosis. Contrarily, rats with miR145-5p knockdown undergoing treadmill training exhibited an increase in miR145-5p expression levels, resulting in the inhibition of MAP3K3 protein expression in lung tissues, suppression of the MAPK/Erk pathway, and mitigation of lung cell apoptosis. Ultimately, the findings suggest that treadmill training may attenuate apoptosis in lung cells post-spinal cord injury by modulating the MAP3K3 protein through miR145-5p to regulate the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway.

Abstract Dendritic cell (DC)-targeted vaccination is a new mode of antigen delivery that relies on the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to target antigen to specific DC subsets. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a non-classical Fc receptor that binds to immunoglobulin G (IgG) in acidified endosomes and controls its intracellular transport and recycling. FcRn is known to participate in the antigen presentation of immune complexes, however its contribution to DC-targeted vaccination has not previously been examined. Here we have investigated the role of FcRn in antigen presentation using antigen conjugated to IgG mAb which target specific DC receptors, including DEC205 and Clec9A expressed by the conventional DC 1 (cDC1) subset. We show that FcRn is expressed at high levels by cDC1, both at steady-state and following activation and plays a significant role in MHC I cross-presentation and MHC II presentation of antigens that are targeted to cDC1 via mAb specific for DEC205. This effect of FcRn is intrinsic to cDC1 and FcRn impacts the efficacy of anti-DEC205-mediated vaccination against B cell lymphoma. In contrast, FcRn does not impact presentation of antigens targeted to Clec9A and does not regulate presentation of cell-associated antigen. These data highlight a new and unique role of FcRn in controlling the immunogenicity of anti-DEC205-based vaccination, with consequences for exploiting this pathway to improve DC-targeted vaccine outcomes.

Abstract The ongoing biodiversity and climate change crises require society to adopt nature‐based solutions that integrate and enhance ecosystems. To achieve successful implementation of nature‐based solutions, it is vital to communicate scientific information about their benefits and suitability. This article explores the potential of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) as a tool for automating and scaling up science communication, outreach, and extension for nature‐based solutions. To illustrate the potential of GenAI, we present three case study examples; (1) reporting scientific information on ecosystem services, future land use options, and nature‐based solutions for farms (2) interactively providing guidance in response to homeowner questions about biodiversity‐friendly garden design and (3) visualising potential future scenarios of landscape change that incorporate diverse nature based and technological solutions. These examples demonstrate potential applications which may be relevant to other systems and types of nature‐based solutions. While GenAI for nature‐based solutions offers significant opportunities, this new technology brings risks of bias, false information, data privacy, mistrust, and high energy usage. Alongside technological development, we require integrated social research into ethics, public acceptability, and user experience, to maximise the benefits of GenAI while limiting these risks. GenAI offers an opportunity to accelerate the dissemination of nature‐based design strategies and reach a broader audience, by synthesising information and producing tailored content for specific users and locations. By harnessing the power of GenAI alongside human expertise, we can support nature‐based solutions to tackle the complex challenges of future sustainability. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Yuan Ma,1,2 Li Li,1 Li Yu,1 Wei He,1 Ling Yi,1 Yuxin Tang,1 Jijie Li,1 Zhigang Zhong,3 Meixian Wang,4 Shiyao Huang,5,6 Yiquan Xiong,5,6 Pei Xiao,7 Yuxiang Huang1 1Department of Medical Record Management, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Prevention, Office of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliate to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 4National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 5Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 6NMPA Key Laboratory for Real World Data Research and Evaluation in Hainan, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 7Medical Insurance Office, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuxiang Huang, Email 3593213104@qq.comBackground: Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is one of the most common benign tumors in women, and its incidence is gradually increasing in China. The clinical complications of UL have a negative impact on women’s health, and the cost of treatment poses a significant burden on patients. Diagnosis-related groups (DRG) are internationally recognized as advanced healthcare payment management methods that can effectively reduce costs. However, there are variations in the design and grouping rules of DRG policies across different regions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors influencing the hospitalization costs of patients with UL and optimize the design of DRG grouping schemes to provide insights for the development of localized DRG grouping policies.Methods: The Mann–Whitney U-test or the Kruskal–Wallis H-test was employed for univariate analysis, and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was utilized to identify the primary influencing factors of hospitalization costs for UL. Case combination classification was conducted using the exhaustive chi-square automatic interactive detection (E-CHAID) algorithm within a decision tree framework.Results: Age, occupation, number of hospitalizations, type of medical insurance, Transfer to other departments, length of stay (LOS), type of UL, admission condition, comorbidities and complications, type of primary procedure, other types of surgical procedures, and discharge method had a significant impact on hospitalization costs (P< 0.05). Among them, the type of primary procedure, other types of surgical procedures, and LOS were the main factors influencing hospitalization costs. By incorporating the type of primary procedure, other types of surgical procedures, and LOS into the decision tree model, patients were divided into 11 DRG combinations.Conclusion: Hospitalization costs for UL are mainly related to the type of primary procedure, other types of surgical procedures, and LOS. The DRG case combinations of UL based on E-CHAID algorithm are scientific and reasonable.Keywords: uterine leiomyoma, diagnosis-related groups, decision tree

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the multiple chronic conditions (MCC), mental health and cognitive function of older adults in the community, and to propose a hypothesis that depressive symptom mediate the number of chronic diseases and cognitive impairment in older adults.MethodParticipants aged 65 years and older from 35 communities in 14 cities in Guangxi, China were recruited. The residents’ depressive symptom (PHQ-9) and cognitive status (AD-8) were evaluated, Chi-square test was used to explore the effects of different socio-demographic characteristics on depressive symptom and cognitive impairment. Pearson correlation analysis and the process model 4 were used to explore the relationship between the number of chronic diseases, depressive symptom and cognitive impairment.ResultA total of 11,582 older adults were included in our analysis. The rate of MCC reaching 26.53%. Hypertension combined with diabetes accounts for the highest proportion of two chronic diseases (13.2%). Among the combination of three chronic diseases, the highest incidence of coexisting hypertension combined with cervical/lumbar spondylosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (7.1%). In this study, depression symptoms accounted for 12.9% of older adults aged 65 and above, and cognitive impairment accounted for 27.4%. Female, older age, reside in urban areas, lower educational levels, no spouse, live alone, and MCC were risk factors for depressive symptom and cognitive impairment in older adults (P

Abstract Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), the predominant type I protein arginine methyltransferase, plays a crucial role in normal biological functions by catalyzing the methylation of arginine side chains, specifically monomethylarginine (MMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), within proteins. Recent investigations have unveiled an association between dysregulated PRMT1 expression and the initiation and progression of tumors, significantly impacting patient prognosis, attributed to PRMT1’s involvement in regulating various facets of tumor cell biology, including DNA damage repair, transcriptional and translational regulation, as well as signal transduction. In this review, we present an overview of recent advancements in PRMT1 research across different tumor types, with a specific focus on its contributions to tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and drug resistance. Additionally, we expound on the dynamic functions of PRMT1 during distinct stages of cancer progression, elucidating its unique regulatory mechanisms within the same signaling pathway and distinguishing between its promotive and inhibitory effects. Importantly, we sought to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of recent research progress on PRMT1 in tumors, contributing to a deeper understanding of its role in tumorigenesis, development, and potential treatment strategies.

Lactylation is a novel post-translational modification (PTM) involving proteins that is induced by lactate accumulation. Histone lysine lactylation alters chromatin spatial configuration, influencing gene transcription and regulating the expression of associated genes. This modification plays a crucial role as an epigenetic regulatory factor in the progression of various diseases. Glycolytic reprogramming is one of the most extensively studied forms of metabolic reprogramming, recognized as a key hallmark of cancer cells. It is characterized by an increase in glycolysis and the inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, accompanied by significant lactate production and accumulation. The two processes are closely linked by lactate, which interacts in various physiological and pathological processes. On the one hand, lactylation levels generally correlate positively with the extent of glycolytic reprogramming, being directly influenced by the lactate concentration produced during glycolytic reprogramming. On the other hand, lactylation can also regulate glycolytic pathways by affecting the transcription and structural functions of essential glycolytic enzymes. This review comprehensively outlines the mechanisms of lactylation and glycolytic reprogramming and their interactions in tumor progression, immunity, and inflammation, with the aim of elucidating the relationship between glycolytic reprogramming and lactylation.

ObjectiveTo analyze from a pathological perspective the differences between intermittent and persistent hydronephrosis in children with uretero-pelvic junction obstruction.Methods23 children who underwent unilateral dismembered pyeloplasty (Anderson-Hynes operation) for intermittent hydronephrosis from September 2017 to March 2024 were included in the observation group. They were compared with a control group consisting of 23 children with persistent hydronephrosis matched for age, gender, and affected side. All children had the narrowed segment surgically excised during the operation, while other obstructive causes (such as polyps, crossing vessels, or tumor compression) were excluded. The specimens were analyzed for muscle and collagen content using Masson's trichrome staining, and the collagen-to-muscle ratio (CMR) was calculated. The number of Cajal-like cells was quantified with c-kit immunohistochemical staining. For all slides, 10 random fields of view were selected under a 400× optical microscope to record pathological data and calculate mean values. Pathological indicators between the two groups were compared using the T-test and the Chi-square test, with P

Sweet syndrome is an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils into the skin. It may occur idiopathically or be linked to malignancies, inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I) is an inborn error immunity wherein leukocytes lack adhesion molecules necessary for migration to infection sites due to mutations in the CD18 gene encoding β2 integrins. We present a case of a 16-month-old female initially diagnosed and treated for Sweet syndrome based on histopathological findings with recurrent flare episodes. Subsequent workup revealed LAD-I, making this case the first documented association between Sweet syndrome and LAD-I. Moreover, we reviewed the pertinent literatures detailing the concurrence of neutrophilic dermatosis and immunodeficiency disorders. This case underscores the significance of comprehensive evaluation for Sweet syndrome patients who are refractory to conventional treatments.

The labor administrative penalties of a city are enforced by the city's labor security administrative department for any breaches of labor security laws, regulations, or norms. The severity of labor administrative penalties differs across cities; thus, this study aims to determine how a city's penalties affect the labor income share of enterprises. We conduct a practical investigation to examine the influence of labor administrative penalties imposed by cities on the internal income distribution structure of firms. This study utilizes theoretical analysis and data on labor administrative penalties in Chinese cities, as well as samples of A-share listed businesses in Shanghai and Shenzhen. From the perspective of the internal income distribution structure, we examine the labor income share of firms and discover that labor administrative penalties in cities significantly raise the labor income share of these enterprises. The share of labor income of enterprises registered in the city increases by 0.9707 % for each additional unit of cities' labor administrative penalties (i.e., for a one-time labor administrative penalty per 10,000 people). The conclusion remains valid even after excluding the endogeneity and robustness tests. Regional labor administrative penalties can enhance the internal management of enterprise quality by promoting transparency and deterring non-compliance. This, in turn, mitigates credit risk for enterprises by fostering stable labor relations. Enhancing the quality of internal control and mitigating credit risk can lead to an increase in the labor income share of firms. An analysis of heterogeneity shows that the impact of labor administrative penalties in cities on increasing the percentage of labor income varies. The impact is more pronounced for state-owned firms and enterprises with low levels of investment.

BackgroundPepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) belongs to the genus Potyvirus within the family Potyviridae and is a major threat to pepper production, causing reduction in yield and fruit quality; however, efficient pesticides and chemical treatments for plant protection against viral infections are lacking. Hence, there is a critical need to discover highly active and environment-friendly antiviral agents derived from natural sources. Bacillus spp. are widely utilized as biocontrol agents to manage fungal, bacterial, and viral plant diseases. Particularly, Bacillus velezensis HN-2 exhibits a strong antibiotic activity against plant pathogens and can also induce plant resistance.MethodsThe experimental subjects employed in this study were Bacillus velezensis HN-2, benzothiadiazole, and dufulin, aiming to evaluate their impact on antioxidant activity, levels of reactive oxygen species, activity of defense enzymes, and expression of defense-related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, the colonization ability of Bacillus velezensis HN-2 in Capsicum chinense was investigated. ResultsThe results of bioassays revealed the robust colonization capability of Bacillus velezensis HN-2, particularly in intercellular spaces, leading to delayed infection and enhanced protection against PVMV through multiple plant defense mechanisms, thereby promoting plant growth. Furthermore, Bacillus velezensis HN-2 increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating the PVMV-induced ROS production in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, the application of Bacillus velezensis HN-2 at 5 dpi significantly increased the expression of JA-responsive genes, whereas the expression of salicylic acid-responsive genes remained unchanged, implying the activation of the JA signaling pathway as a crucial mechanism underlying Bacillus velezensis HN-2-induced anti-PVMV activity. Immunoblot analysis revealed that HN-2 treatment delayed PVMV infection at 15 dpi, further highlighting its role in inducing plant resistance and promoting growth and development. ConclusionsThese findings underscore the potential of Bacillus velezensis HN-2 for field application in managing viral plant diseases effectively.

Cement production consumes large amounts of depleted resources and energy, and causes environmental pollution. In order to reduce cement consumption and realize the closed-loop recycling of solid waste, cold bonded solid waste wrap-shell lightweight aggregates (SWSLAs) with a sextuplet blended system composed of dredged sediments, mineral powder, steel slag, phosphogypsum, fly ash, and a minimal amount of cement were prepared. Through the single-factor experiment, the influences of the types and dosages of solid wastes in the nuclear phase of SWSLAs (SWSLAs-NP) and shell phase of SWSLAs (SWSLAs-SP) on the strength and water resistance were explored, and the optimum ratio was obtained. On this basis, the influence of the types and amounts of activators incorporated in SWSLAs on the physical properties of aggregates was studied, and the primary microstructure of the aggregate was characterized. Our results showed that the optimal ratio of solid waste in the SWSLAs-NP was: 40 wt% of dredged sediments, 24 wt% of mineral powder, 18 wt% of steel slag, and 18 wt% of phosphogypsum. The optimal weight ratio of cement and solid waste in the SWSLAs-SP was 5:95. The resulting aggregate had a bearing capacity of single grain of 73.83 N and a water-resistance coefficient of 0.67. After the above aggregates were treated with Na2SO4 (activator) at 2%, the bearing capacity and water-resistance coefficient of the aggregates increased by 47.00% and 11.94%, respectively. The performances were even better than that of the aggregate composed of100w cement in the shell phase. Microstructural observations demonstrated that the structure of the raw material was reconstructed under the action of Na2SO4, and the raw materials reacted with each other, and thus the densification of the aggregate and its core-shell interface structure was enhanced, which improved the comprehensive performance of the aggregate. This study represents a step toward efficient utilization of industrial solid wastes.

Objective(s)This study aimed to identify the key elements and develop a formation mechanism model of quality geriatric care behavior for nursing assistants.MethodsThis qualitative research employed the strategy of grounded theory proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Furthermore, the data was collected by participatory observation and semi-structured interviews. A total of 12 nursing managers, 63 nursing assistants, and 36 older people from 9 nursing homes in 6 cities were interviewed, whereas for the observatory survey, participants were recruited from 2 nursing homes.ResultsThe comparative and analysis process revealed 5 key elements of quality geriatric care behavior, including holistic care, personalized care, respect, positive interaction, and empowerment. Based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, key elements and the 3 stages of quality geriatric care behavior (negative behavior cognition stage, practice exchange run-in stage, and positive behavior reinforcement stage), the theoretical framework of the formation mechanism was established.ConclusionThe results indicated that nursing assistants’ capabilities, motivation, and organizational and environmental support are vital for quality care behaviors. The theoretical framework established in this study provides theoretical support and practical reference to policymakers, institutional administrators, and healthcare professionals for improving nursing assistant’s care behaviors.

In order to achieve metallurgical bonding in the form of solid solution at the Cu/W interface and avoid the formation of intermetallic compounds, the novel high entropy alloys (HEAs) were designed on the basis of the mature high entropy alloy criteria. The CuCrCoFeNixTi high entropy alloys interlayers were applied to weld the CuW and CuCr bimetals by sintering–infiltration technology. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction were used to explore the interfacial microstructure evolutions and strengthening mechanism of CuW/CuCr joints with applied HEA interlayers. The interfacial characterization results show that HEAs were diffused and dissolved into bimetallic materials, and a diffusion solution layer of 2–3 μm thickness was formed at the Cu/W phase interface, and there is no new phase generated at the CuW/CuCr interface. When CuCrCoFeNi1.5Ti interlayer was infiltrated into the CuW/CuCr interface, the electrical conductivity of CuCr side is 71.6%IACS, and the interfacial tensile strength reaches 484.5 MPa. Compared with the CuW/CuCr integral material without interlayer, the interfacial bonding strength is increased by 43.1%. And the SEM fracture morphology presents a larger amount of cleavage fractures of W particles. It indicates the appropriate solid solution layer on edge of W skeletons formed at the Cu/W phases interface. The Cu/W phase interface is strengthened, and it can effectively transfer and disperse the external load. Tungsten phase with higher elastic modulus endures a large amount of load, resulting in enhancing the CuW/CuCr interfacial bonding strength. When CuCrCoFeNi2Ti high entropy alloy interlayer was applied, the W skeleton near the CuW/CuCr interface was eroded, the imperfect W skeleton cannot withstand the tensile load effectively, resulting in decrease in the CuW/CuCr interfacial bonding strength. In the interfacial fracture, appears some fragmentations of W particles, and fewer W particles occur at the cleavage fracture.

Abstract Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the non-histone protein high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) are involved in modulating inflammation and immune responses. Recent studies have implicated that the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Musashi-2 (MSI2) regulates multiple critical biological metabolic and immunoregulatory functions. However, the precise role of MSI2 in regulating PTMs and tumor immunity in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we present data indicating that MSI2 potentiates CRC immunopathology in colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) mouse models, cell lines and clinical specimens, specifically via HMGB1-mediated dendritic cell (DC) maturation and migration, further contributes to the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and inflammatory responses. Under stress conditions, MSI2 can exacerbate the production, nucleocytoplasmic transport and extracellular release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-HMGB1 in CRC cells. Mechanistically, MSI2 mainly enhances the disulfide HMGB1 production and protein translation via direct binding to nucleotides 1403–1409 in the HMGB1 3′ UTR, and interacts with the cytoplasmic acetyltransferase P300 to upregulate its expression, further promoting the acetylation of K29 residue in HMGB1, thus leading to K29-HMGB1 nucleocytoplasmic translocation and extracellular release. Furthermore, blocking HMGB1 activity with glycyrrhizic acid (Gly) attenuates MSI2-mediated immunopathology and immune infiltration in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, this study suggests that MSI2 may improve the prognosis of CRC patients by reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) through HMGB1-mediated PTMs, which might be a novel therapeutic option for CRC immunotherapy.

With the aggravation of population aging, the health of the elderly has become an important issue in the aging society. The Mediterranean diet (MD) contributes to healthy aging by changing dietary patterns to delay and prevent disease onset. This paper summarizes the concepts related to the MD pattern and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases, cognitive dysfunction, depression, chronic inflammation and other brain and heart comorbidity in the elderly, so as to provide thinking and reference for the optimization and upgrading of the elderly, and contribute to the development of healthy China.

Electric locomotives depend on their roof power supply systems, which are threatened by unknown foreign objects due to the complex outdoor environment. Timely and accurate detection of these objects is vital for train safety. Existing methods are limited by the diversity and unpredictability of foreign objects, difficulty in collecting abnormal samples, and poor image consistency. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Patch-Wise Neighborhood Feature Distribution Modeling (PNFDM) algorithm for anomaly detection. It uses multiple multivariate Gaussian distributions to model normal image features at the patch level and computes Mahalanobis distances to generate an anomaly heatmap. A patch-wise neighborhood feature sharing strategy improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the anomaly heatmap. To reduce storage requirements, a low-rank approximation using SVD decomposition reduces model size by nearly 110 times and speeds up loading by 103 times. A chi-square distribution-based normalization remaps the Mahalanobis distance to a 0-1 range, facilitating threshold selection in anomaly localization. Experiments show that this method significantly outperforms others on a locomotive roof anomaly dataset and generalizes well to the public MVTec AD dataset. The approach allows for rapid model updates without needing abnormal samples, training on 100 samples in just 39.76 seconds. Dataset and code are available at: https://github.com/zzfu-buaa/PNFDM.

Lujian Zhu,1,&ast; Qin Wang,1,&ast; Maodong Guo,2 Hao Fang,3 Ting Li,4 Yin Zhu,5 Huimian Jiang,6 Peiguang Xiao,2 Minli Hu2 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Traumatology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Enze Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Minli Hu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China, Email huminlignmc@126.comAbstract: Chronic liver conditions are associated with high mortality rates and have a large adverse effect on human well-being as well as a significant financial burden. Currently, the only effective treatment available for the effects of liver failure and cirrhosis resulting from the progression of several chronic liver diseases is liver transplantation carried out at the original location. This implies that developing novel and effective treatments is imperative. Regenerative medicine has long been associated with stem cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of cell with great differentiation potential, have become the preferred source for stem cell therapy. According to recent studies, MSCs’ paracrine products—rather than their capacity for differentiation—play a significant therapeutic effect. MSC exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV), came into view as the paracrine substances of MSCs. According to research, MSC exosomes can maintain tissue homeostasis, which is necessary for healthy tissue function. All tissues contain them, and they take part in a variety of biological activities that support cellular activity and tissue regeneration in order to preserve tissue homeostasis. The outcomes support the use of MSCs and the exosomes they produce as a therapeutic option for a range of diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the source of MSC-EVs and outlines their physiological roles and biochemical capabilities. The elucidation of the role of MSC-EVs in the recovery and repair of hepatic tissues, as well as their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis, is discussed in relation to different chronic liver diseases. This review aims to provide new insights into the unique roles that MSC-EVs play in the treatment of chronic liver diseases.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, liver disease, immunomodulation, tissue homeostasis

BackgroundGamma source irradiation is the most commonly used way at present for the equivalent dose (DE) determination of fossil samples in electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. However, it is facility-limited and time-consuming in many cases.PurposeThis study aims to establish the standardised growth curves (SGCs) of fossil enamel samples for determining the DE by ESR without gamma irradiation.MethodsFirst of all, we analyzed 20 tooth samples from the Late Pleistocene sites, and they exhibited similar dose response characteristics. Then, based on our preliminary work, we attempted to establish the SGCs of these Late Pleistocene fossil teeth using three different methods: (1) a simple method (fitting the natural dose points of fossil samples from Middle to Upper Pleistocene sites with exponential functions), (2) an average method (fitting the dose points with averaged ESR signal intensities), and (3) a representative sample method (establishing a SGC by using a representative sample). Finally, dose values obtained by each method were compared with those determined by the additive dose method (ADM).ResultsThe results of DE determined by the simple and average methods are close, with a deviation of less than 32% from the ADM results. The dose values obtained by SGC using the representative sample method generally agree with those of the ADM, with a deviation within 26%, which is the smallest among the three methods.ConclusionAlthough the uncertainties of the dose values obtained for the SGCs are not very close to those obtained using the ADM, it indicates the potential to quickly determine a more reasonable Dmax for irradiation, identify the possible intrusion of fossil samples, and analyze small or precious fossil samples.

Abstract Background Musashi-2 (MSI2) is a critical RNA-binding protein (RBP) whose ectopic expression drives the pathogenesis of various cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that inducing ferroptosis of tumor cells can inhibit their malignant biological behavior as a promising therapeutic approach. However, it is unclear whether MSI2 regulates cell death in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially the underlying mechanisms and biological effects in CRC ferroptosis remain elusive. Methods Experimental methods including qRT‒PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, CCK-8, colony formation assay, in vitro cell transwell migration and invasion assays, in vivo xenograft tumor experiments, liver and lung CRC metastasis models, CAC mice models, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, histopathology, 4D label-free proteomics sequencing, bioinformatic and database analysis were used in this study. Results Here, we investigated that MSI2 was upregulated in CRC and positively correlated with ferroptosis inhibitor molecules. MSI2 deficiency suppressed CRC malignancy by inhibiting cell proliferation, viability, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo; and MSI2 deficiency triggered CRC ferroptosis by changing the intracellular redox state (ROS levels and lipid peroxidation), erastin induced cell mortality and viability, iron homeostasis (intracellular total irons and ferrous irons), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and mitochondrial injury. Mechanistically, through 4D-lable free proteomics analysis on SW620 stable cell lines, we demonstrated that MSI2 directly interacted with p-ERK and MSI2 knockdown downregulated the p-ERK/p38/MAPK axis signaling pathway, which further repressed MAPKAPK2 and HPSB1 phosphorylation, leading to decreased expression of PCNA and Ki67 and increased expression of ACSL4 in cancer cells. Furthermore, HSPB1 could rescue the phenotypes of MSI2 deficiency on CRC ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions This study indicates that MSI2 deficiency suppresses the growth and survival of CRC cells and promotes ferroptosis by inactivating the MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit HSPB1 phosphorylation, which leads to downregulation of PCNA and Ki67 and upregulation of ACSL4 in cancer cells and subsequently induces redox imbalance, iron accumulation and mitochondrial shrinkage, ultimately triggering ferroptosis. Therefore, targeted inhibition of MSI2/MAPK/HSPB1 axis to promote ferroptosis might be a potential treatment strategy for CRC.

Impacts of economy-society-environment on surface water resource in China are complex and unclear. Revealing these connections is vital to understand responses of surface water quality to anthropogenic activities. This study made an attempt to explore potential indications on surface water quality from economic, social and environmental factors in eight separate regions of China during the period of 2000–2019. Five machine learning models were employed including Greedy Thick Thinning Bayesian Belief Network, Naive Bayes, Augmented Naive Bayes (ANB), Logistic Regression and Random Forest. A total of 8 economic variables, 5 social variables and 8 environmental variables were introduced into the models. Results showed that ANB presented the best performance in estimating the surface water quality class with the highest accuracies of 81%, 75% and 87% for three surface water quality groups (Class I–III, Class IV–V and worse than Class V), respectively. The higher the surface water environmental carrying capacity in a region, the better the estimation performance of ANB on the surface water quality class. Surface water quality with Class I–III was more closely related to economic and social development, while environmental variables largely interpreted the quality of surface water with Class IV–V in most regions. The critical factors filtered by the importance analysis were indicative on surface water quality. This study provided a feasible framework in revealing the economy-society-environment nexus in the context of comprehensive management on regional surface water quality.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is indicative of water quality in drinking source water and has an impact on drinking water treatment. Exploring occurrence of DOC in drinking source water is of great significance for the drinking water safety in Beijing. This study elucidated spatial-temporal DOC dynamics in the Miyun section of Chaobai River in Beijing of China and identified sources of DOC based on DOC fluorescent spectral characteristics. Results showed that the average riverine DOC concentration was 30.60 mg/L. DOC concentrations in the Miyun section of the Chaobai River were 30.40, 30.24, and 31.09 mg/L in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. DOC concentrations at the three segments of the Miyun section of the Chaobai River (the Chaohe River, the Baihe River and the Chaobai River) were 29.93, 30.29 and 32.57 mg/L, respectively. Land use contributed to DOC variations rather than season and river segment. Significant increases in DOC concentration were observed in river water flowing through farmland and urban areas, and DOC concentration presented the highest after flowing through the farmland area. The results of FI, HIX and BIX showed that DOC mainly came from endogenous sources such as aquatic biological activities, and was less affected by terrestrial inputs. Special attentions ought to be paid on prevention and control of endogenous DOC inputs.

Development of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) is sensitive to fluctuations of environmental conditions, while whether the sensitivity varies across the growth stages is still unclear. Based on a 5-year dataset collected from consecutive observations, this study examined the sensitivities of biomass and yield production of rainfed maize to root zone soil water, air temperature and shortwave radiation at four growth stages in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeastern China under sub-humid cool-temperate climates. The multiple linear regression model was employed to establish functional relations between biomass and yield production and significant explanatory variables. A Monte-Carlo simulation was used to test sensitivities of biomass and yield production to perturbation of a single significant explanatory variable or co-perturbation of multiple significant explanatory variables. Results showed that root zone soil water prevailed over air temperature and shortwave radiation in affecting rainfed maize development for the most time of the growing period. Biomass production was most sensitive to root zone soil water which had positive variance contributions of 70 – 100% at the early and late vegetative stages and a negative variance contribution of −99.4% at the early reproductive stage. Yield production was also sensitive to root zone soil water at the early reproductive stage with a 100% positive variance contribution. Biomass and yield production were most sensitive to air temperature at the late reproductive stage and the positive variance contributions of air temperature were 97.7 – 100%. Shortwave radiation negatively contributed to biomass production by −28.6% at the late vegetative stage. The findings of this study suggest that more attention could be paid to the most sensitive factor at different growth stages of rainfed maize for great biomass accumulation and high grain yield.

In this study, FeS and chitosan (CTS) were compounded to form a new Cr (Ⅵ) treatment material FeS/CTS. FeS/CTS was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, BET, etc, and the removal performance and mechanism of FeS/CTS for Cr (Ⅵ) were also discussed. The removal of Cr (Ⅵ) by the composite was the result of electrostatic force, redox reaction, complexation and precipitation. When the initial concentration of Cr (Ⅵ) was 50 mg∙L−1, the removal of Cr (Ⅵ) was attributed to 87.14% reduction and 12.86% adsorption. The fitting results of the kinetic and isothermal models proved that chemical adsorption playsed a dominant role in the removal process. At pH 5 and the initial Cr (Ⅵ) concentration of 40 mg∙L−1, the removal rate of Cr (Ⅵ) by the composite could reach 99.90%. All results showed that FeS/CTS composite can be used as a potential Cr (Ⅵ) removal material in water.

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) wild boar is an excellent model for investigating high-altitude adaptation. In this study, we analyzed genome-wide data from 93 wild boars compiled from various studies worldwide, including the QTP, southern and northern regions of China, Europe, Northeast Asia, and Southeast Asia, to explore their phylogenetic patterns and high-altitude adaptation based on genome-wide selection signal analysis and run of homozygosity (ROH) estimation. The findings demonstrate the alignment between the phylogenetic associations among wild boars and their geographical location. An ADMIXTURE analysis indicated a relatively close genetic relationship between QTP and southern Chinese wild boars. Analyses of the fixation index and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity between populations revealed 295 candidate genes (CDGs) associated with high-altitude adaptation, such as TSC2, TELO2, SLC5A1, and SLC5A4. These CDGs were significantly overrepresented in pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and Fanconi anemia pathways. In addition, 39 ROH islands and numerous selective CDGs (e.g., SLC5A1, SLC5A4, and VCP), which are implicated in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, were discovered in QTP wild boars. This study not only assessed the phylogenetic history of QTP wild boars but also advanced our comprehension of the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of wild boars to high altitudes.

Train fault detection often relies on comparing collected images with reference images, making accurate image type recognition crucial. Current systems use Automatic Equipment Identification (AEI) devices to recognize carriage numbers while capturing images, but damaged Radio Frequency (RF) tags or blurred characters can hinder this process. Carriage linear array images, with their high resolution, extreme aspect ratios, and local nonlinear distortions, present challenges for recognition algorithms. This paper proposes a method tailored for recognizing such images. We apply an object detection algorithm to locate key components, simplifying image recognition into a sparse point set alignment task. To handle local distortions, we introduce a weighted radial basis function (RBF) and maximize the similarity between Gaussian mixtures of point sets to determine RBF weights. Experiments show 100% recognition accuracy under nonlinear distortions up to 15%. The algorithm also performs robustly with detection errors and identifies categories from 79 image classes in 24 ms on an i7 CPU without GPU support. This method significantly reduces system costs and advances automatic exterior fault detection for trains.

The photoelectric sensing unit in a large-space measurement system primarily determines the measurement accuracy of the system. Aiming to resolve the problem whereby existing sensing units have difficulty accurately measuring the hidden points and free-form surfaces in large components, in this study, we designed a multi-node fusion of a combined sensor. Firstly, a multi-node fusion hidden-point measurement model and a solution model are established, and the measurement results converge after the number of nodes is simulated to be nine. Secondly, an adaptive front-end photoelectric conditioning circuit, including signal amplification, filtering, and adjustable level is designed, and the accuracy of the circuit function is verified. Then, a nonlinear least-squares calibration method is proposed by combining the constraints of the multi-position vector cones, and the internal parameters of the probe, in relation to the various detection nodes, are calibrated. Finally, a distributed system and laser tracking system are introduced to establish a fusion experimental validation platform, and the results show that the standard deviation and accuracy of the three-axis measurement of the test point of the combined sensor in the measurement area of 7000 mm × 7000 mm × 3000 mm are better than 0.026 mm and 0.24 mm, respectively, and the accuracy of the length measurement is within 0.28 mm. Further, the measurement accuracy of the hidden point of the aircraft hood and the free-form surface is better than 0.26 mm, which can meet most of the industrial measurement needs and expand the application field of large-space measurement systems.

Abstract The inherent unpredictability of the maritime environment leads to low rates of survival during accidents. Life jackets serve as a crucial safety measure in underwater environments. Nonetheless, most conventional life jackets lack the capability to monitor the wearer's underwater body movements, impeding their effectiveness in rescue operations. Here, we present an intelligent self‐powered life jacket system (SPLJ) composed of a wireless body area sensing network, a set of deep learning analytics, and a human condition detection platform. Six coaxial core‐shell structure triboelectric fiber sensors with high sensitivity, stretchability, and flexibility are integrated into this system. Additionally, a portable integrated circuit module is incorporated into the SPLJ to facilitate real‐time monitoring of the wearer's movement. Moreover, by leveraging the deep‐learning‐assisted data analytics and establishing a robust correlation between the wearer's movements and condition, we have developed a comprehensive system for monitoring drowning individuals, achieving an outstanding recognition accuracy of 100%. This groundbreaking work introduces a fresh approach to underwater intelligent survival devices, offering promising prospects for advancing underwater smart wearable devices in rescue operations and the development of ocean industry.