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The article considers morphology, chemical and phase composition of composite boro-carbon coatings, received by ion-plasma synthesis, depending on the boron content. Specimens of carbon coating doped with boron were obtained in vacuum unit by combined method coupled with co-deposition of carbon layer from pulse carbon plasma and its doping with boron atom flow. The obtained specimens of composite CC had embedded boron atoms with various concentration (NB), namely, 2.3 at.% were contained in ɑ-С91.2:B2.3, in ɑ-С79.3:B17.4 — 17.4 at.%, in ɑ-С53.3:B43.2 — 43.2 at.%. Carbon structures and carbon clusters graphitization were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Aiming at chemical interaction between carbon and boron in CC establishment we conducted mathematical processing of XPS for energy states C1s, B1s, O1s of carbon, boron and oxygen atoms. XPS C1s was presented as peaks superposition with centers located at 284.5; 285.5; 283.5 and 288 eV and consequently responsible for Csp2 , Csp3, C–B and C–О carbon atom interaction. With the growth of NB in boron-doped carbon coating a grain structure is formed, its size and grain orientation regarding the surface of the substrate increase, resulting in a decrease in the coating layer surface roughness.

Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) makanensis Hou sp. n. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is described and illustrated based on male and female specimens from China. It is characterized by the male aedeagus triangular, with large cone-shaped process at apex, basal arch high, basal arm slender and curved, parameres separate narrower distance at base, cone-shaped apically, and the female subgenital plate pliers-shaped, without lateral process, with two spermathecae, oval, nearly equal. The new species is compared with the similar congener F. (Forcipomyia) lochmocola Zou and Yu, 1991. We provide separate keys for identification of the males and females of the species of subgenus F. (Forcipomyia) Meigen in China.

IntroductionGiven evidence that the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a number of case-control studies have attempted to assess the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in MMP genes and COPD risk. However, reliable measures of these results are lacking.Material and methodsWe assessed the published evidence for association of the MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-12 polymorphisms with COPD risk using meta-analytic techniques. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each study using fixed or random effect models.ResultsA total of 23 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. No significant association was observed between the MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphism and COPD risk in the overall populations under the dominant (T/T + C/T vs C/C: OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.00-1.69, P=0.054) and allele contrast (T allele vs C allele: OR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.97-1.53, P=0.088) models. However in sub-group analysis the polymorphism rs3918242 was significant in Asians under the dominant model (T/T + C/T vs C/C: OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.02-2.72, P=0.043). The results for MMP-12 rs2276109 showed an association with COPD only in mixed populations (G/G + A/G vs A/A: OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.10-2.24, P=0.013; G allele vs A allele: OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.14, P=0.015). We did not find any significant association of the MMP-12 rs652438 and MMP-3 rs35068180 polymorphisms with COPD.ConclusionsThe findings in this meta-analysis suggest that the risk of COPD is associated with the MMP-9 rs3918242 and MMP-12 rs2276109 polymorphisms in certain ethnic groups.

The immatures of the biting midge Dasyhelea silvatica are described and illustrated for the first time and a complete description of the adult male and female are provided using scanning electron and compound microscopes. The specimens were collected from flooded soil near a pond in Guizhou Province, China, and reared in the laboratory.

With the frequent cross fusion of medicine and molecular genetics, study on molecular aspects has become an important step in disclosing the pathogenesis of various diseases. The morbidity of breast cancer ranks the top one in malignancies in women, and is always the hot topic of researches. The establishment of transgenic animals has received more and more attentions because it can provide a more direct and effective platform to understand the pathogenesis of breast cancer as well as development of therapeutic agents. This study mainly emphasized on the application advances of transgenic animal techniques and transgenic mice in models with breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Smilax China (Chinese spelling: Jingangteng) Capsules and Azithromycin combined therapy for chronic annexitis, and offer help to patients with chronic annexitis on relevant clinical therapies. Methods: A total of 170 cases of patients with chronic annexitis were selected from the gynecological department in our hospital, and randomly divided to be the combination therapy group and the control group by digital table, 85 cases for each group. Patients in control group were treated with Azithromycin. Patients in combination therapy group were treated by giving Smilax China capsules based on the Azithromycin treatment. Relevant indexes of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ and CD4+ /CD8+ ), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10) and hemorheology (blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, red blood cell aggregation index) in patients of the two groups were detected before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, no statistical significance found on the differences of lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and hemorheology between the two groups of patients (P>0.05); After treatment received on the two groups of patients, indexes of CD3+ , CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+ were dramatically increased, CD8+ , cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10) and hemorheology in the combination therapy group were significantly decreased compared with patients in the control group; Statistical significance existed in differences between the two groups (P

The fourth instar larva and pupa of Dasyheleaalula Yu, 2005 are described and illustrated using a Scanning Electron Microscope. The adult male and female of this species are redescribed. Immatures were collected from flooded soil near a pond in Xiaojiawan village, Guizhou province, China and reared in the laboratory. The studied material is deposited in the Insect Collection of Zunyi Medical University.

The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize emodin-loaded stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO-SA/EMO) and to evaluate its antitumor activity in vitro. In this study, stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide was used as a carrier and its physicochemical properties were determined by different methods. Cell uptake behavior was examined using FITC-labeled stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide. CSO-SA/EMO was prepared using ultrasonication and dialysis. Particle size, surface potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug release behavior were studied in vitro. The effects of CSO-SA/EMO on gastric cancer cells were investigated using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results showed CSO-SA/EMO particle size was larger and potential was smaller than that of stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide. The 12 h micellar uptake by MGC803 and BGC823 cells was sufficient, and the micelles were able to abundantly accumulate at lesion sites in mice thus achieving good passive EPR targeting. MTT and cell cycle arrest assays showed CSO-SA/EMO-enhanced antitumor activity significantly towards MGC803 and BGC823 cells compared with that of free emodine. Tumor volume, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay proved CSO-SA/EMO had a significant antitumor effect on tumor tissues in vivo. In conclusion, the ultrasonication-dialysis method provided a simple and effective method for preparing CSO-SA/EMO. The delivery of emodine using a micelle system improved its antitumor effects effectively.

The zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes of three new Schiff base ligands (H-La, H-Lb, H-Lc) derived from homopiperonylamine and the respective halogenated salicylaldehyde, [Zn(La)2] (1), [Zn(Lb)2] (2), [Cu(Lc)2] (3), were synthesized and fully characterized by means of IR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The complexes 1–3 exhibited significantly higher anti-proliferation activities than the corresponding ligands against the tumor cell lines T-24, HepG2 & SK-OV-3, but without obvious cytotoxicity on normal liver cell line HL-7702. Especially, complex 2 could induce cell cycle arrest of HepG2 cells in S phase and also cell apoptosis through mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. DNA binding studies supported by spectral analysis, DNA viscosity measurement and gel electrophoresis suggested that complexes 1–3 most likely bound with DNA in an intercalative mode, while the electrostatic interactions existed between complex 1 or 2 and DNA might be also considered.

Two new copper(II) complexes, 9-PMAH-Cu (1) and 9-FPMAH-Cu (2), of anthrahydrazone were synthesized and structurally characterized, in which 9-FPMAH (9-(4'-trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine anthrahydrazone) is the 4'-CF3 derivative of 9-PMAH (9-pyrimidine anthrahydrazone). Both complexes 1 and 2 showed similar intercalative binding modes towards DNA and might compete with the typical DNA intercalator, GelRed, in the same binding site. They could also act as topoisomerase (type I) suppressor to effectively inhibit its activity, in which complex 1 was more effective than 2. The in vitro antitumor screening indicated that complex 1 displayed much higher antiproliferative ability than 2 and cisplatin towards all the tested tumor cell lines. On the other hand, complex 1 also showed high cytotoxicity against human normal liver cell line HL-7702, suggesting it is a potential high cytotoxic antitumor candidate. While it was also suggested that the loss of activity of complex 2 might be due to the presence of 4'-CF3 on the pyrimidine ring. Studies on the cellular level showed that complex 1 could arrest the cell cycle of the most sensitive T-24 cells at G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis. Complex 1 further showed a significant suppression on the tumor growth on the T-24 tumor xenograft mouse model, but not reduced the body weight. Especially, complex 1 could retain its coordination state in H2O even in the presence of HSA. The results suggests that complex 1 is of enough safety to be considered as a promising anticancer candidate by combining the bioactive Cu(II) and the anthrahydrazone pharmacophore.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the Forcipomyia makanensis was sequenced and analyzed. The mitochondrial genome is 16,558 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one control region. Twenty-three genes were found to be encoded by the majority strand and the other 14 genes by minority strand, those is similar to that of other insects. The nucleotide compositing of the majority strands are 39.02% of A, 14.03% of C, 37.74% of T and 9.21% of G. The phylogenetic analysis by Maximum-likelihood (ML) method revealed that the Forcipomyia makanensis was close to the same family insect Culicoides arakawae.

The lithology of rock mass isnon-homogeneity，anisotropy, andexists size effect. The mechanical parameters of rock mass gotten by engineeringapproaches cannot reflect these properties. Therefore, a newmethod of determining the mechanical parameters of jointed rock mass isproposed: gneiss in Shuichang open-pit mine was selected as a case, thefracture system of the rock mass was measured and analyzed by non-contactmeasuring system of 3GSM and probabilisticmethod,the probability distributions of geometry parameters were analyzed and a 3Djoint geometry model was made by using the program of 3D network modeling.Cubes with different sizes were selected to be tested by tri-axial compressionof numerical simulation with 3DEC based on the 3D network model of joints,thus, the REV and its mechanical parameters were determined, which providedcredible parameters for slope stability analysis.

A checklist of the subgenus Culicoides (Avaritia Fox) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) in China, currently including 57 species, is provided. Their full citations, more detailed locations of the type locality, and distribution of each species by province, and/or state of each species are also provided. Culicoides (Avaritia) fenggangensis Liu & Hou, sp. n. is described and illustrated, based on both male and female specimens from China. The new species is compared with its similar congeners, C. (A.) comparis Liu & Yu, 2005 and C. (A.) dentiformis McDonald & Lu, 1972.

The quality of powder of non-metal materials directly relates to the force exerted on grinding roller, while the force on grinding roller relates to the thickness of the material layer. The uneven pressure distribution between the roller and material layer is caused by the drum-shaped characteristics of vertical mill grinding roller. This paper studies the pressure distribution of roller in compacted zones, established mathematical models of pressure distribution analysis, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the vertical mill production process as well as yield and quality of the powder.

The modular and scalable leverage planning for flexible platform is crucial for derivative product design. A multi-objective flexible platform leverage planning method with quantitative indices is proposed. Including customer requirement analysis and product attributes - components mapping, a platform planning process model is presented. The importance rate of product attributes and levels utilities of customer satisfaction are achieved with conjoint analysis. Quality function deployment is applied to acquire the co-relational matrix between attributes and components. Then the quantitative platform diversity index and commonality index are proposed to construct a two-objective leverage model and calculated by evolutionary algorithms to get Pareto optimal design solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by the leverage planning for large-scale hydraulic support platform.

Chlorines are attractive compounds for photodynamic therapy because of their high absorption in the red wavelength region. The stearic acid-grafted chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO-SA) micelles have been presented as potential candidates for intracellular drug delivery carrier because of their special structure. In this study, CSO-SA micelles were prepared to encapsulate chlorine e6 (Ce6). The physicochemical properties of synthesized CSO-SA micelles were characterized. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CSO-SA with 4.96% amino substituted degree (SD %) was about 36.27 +/- 1.51 microg/mL. The Ce6-loaded CSO-SA micelles were then prepared by a dialysis method, and the properties and drug release profiles of Ce6- loaded CSO-SA micelles (CSO-SA/Ce6) were investigated. The loading of Ce6 in the CSO-SA micelles could reach higher drug encapsulation efficiency (%), which was approximately 100%. The size of CSO-SA/Ce6 decreased after the loading of Ce6. The zeta potential of CSO-SA/Ce6 and the drug release rate decreased with the loading content of drug. After the Ce6 molecules were encapsulated into the micelles of CSO-SA, the cellular uptake percentage of Ce6 was much more than that of the free drug. And the cellular uptake percentage of CSO-SA/Ce6 micelles was increased with the incubation time in a short period.

Four new triterpenoid saponins, Catunaroside I [3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-arjunic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] (1), Catunaroside J [3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-arjunic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2), Catunaroside K [3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-tormentic acid] (3), and Catunaroside L [3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-pomolic acid] (4), and two known triterpenoid saponin Arjunetoside (5) and Randiasaponin VII (6), were isolated from the stem bark of Catunaregam spinosa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data and chemical evidence.

Development of successful formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs remains a longstanding critical and challenging issue in cancer therapy. The stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO-SA) micelles have been presented as potential candidates for intracellular antitumour agent delivery carrier. Herein, podophyllotoxin (PPT) loaded CSO-SA micelles (CSO-SA/PPT) were prepared by a dialysis method. The drug encapsulation efficiency could reach a higher level, the micellar size and the zeta potential increased with increasing charged amounts of drug. The cumulative release percentage of PPT drug from micelles enhanced with decreasing PPT content in the micelles. The cytotoxicities of CSO-SA/PPT micelles against human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells, human lung cancer cells (A549) and human hepatoma cell line (Bel-7402) were higher than that of free PPT formulation. The higher cytotoxicities were due to the faster PPT transport into tumour cells mediated by CSO-SA micelles. Overall, CSO-SA micelles might be a promising carrier for PPT delivery in cancer therapy.

To determine the prevalence of urolithiasis in young children fed infant formula (IF) contaminated with melamine, and the association between IF consumption and urolithiasis.A total of 2 733 childrenor = 3 years of age on September 1, 2008 in two townships of Gansu Province, China were studied. Cases of urolithiasis were diagnosed by ultrasonography. Milk product consumption was determined by their caregivers. Remaining IF samples were tested for melamine and cyanuric acid.Of 2 733 eligible children in the two townships, 2 186 (80%) were enrolled in our study. Overall, 16.6% (362) of 2 186 children had urolithiasis. The prevalence was 24.6% in children exclusively fed Sanlu brand IF, 9.7% in those fed other IF, and 8.5% in those fed exclusively on other milk products. For children exclusively breast-fed, no urolithiasis was found (P0.05). The prevalence of urolithiasis was 11.4% in children fed 400 g of Sanlu IF, rising to 37.5% in children fed over 25 600 g. Of 48 Sanlu IF samples, 91.7% contained melamine (median = 1 800 ppm; range = 45-4 700) and 66.7% contained cyanuric acid (median = 1.2 ppm; range = 0.4-6.3). Melamine was also detected in 22.2% of 36 other brand IF (median = 27.5 ppm, range = 4-50).Urolithiasis was associated with melamine-contaminated IF. Although one product caused most morbidity, other milk products may have also contributed to the outbreak.

As an important load of a light satellite, the space CCD camera will endure very complicated dynamics environment when transporting and launching. In this paper, The FEM model of the CCD camera is created by MSC. Patran/Nastran, then the model analysis, sinusoidal vibration and random vibration of the structure is performed. Based on the results, it proves that the CCD camera is satisfied in the ordinary condition, and this can be a reference for the similar design work.

A new species of bloodsucking Culicoides Latreille of the subgenus Avaritiais described and illustrated based on female specimens from China. The new species is compared with its congener, C. trimaculatus McDonald and Lu, 1972.

The spiral chute installed coal storehouse is an advanced equipment that can keep lump coal from being stricken into pieces. The aim can be achieved that to increases effectively the lump coal rate by to limit the coal flow to move spirally through the chute instead of free-fall motion. The purposes of the entire design are the speed of impact point is as low as possible while it runs smoothly in the whole process and ensuring that no half-way down coal until the coal supply ends. In addition no coal accumulates in the chute if there is no more coal to transport. Because the bottom of the whole chute is an undevelopable surface, and all of the parameters including width, spiral angle and tilt angle are continuously variable for the purpose of controlling speed and direction in one segment. It is so complicated that it is almost impossible to get all of the reasonable parameters in every point, or to get its view or to draw the developing drawing by traditional drawing method. For this reason, we developed a special software commissioned by HanDan Design Engineering China Do., LTD. The software can give these important parameters of parts, such as the width, spiral angle, tilt angle, acceleration, speed, and the variation of each parameter and so on according to coal situation (different coals, different humidity, different grain size), and coal storage conditions (diameter, height). In this article, we first study the movement rules of coal in chute, create a mechanical model and introduce of coal flow in the chute in the run-time kinematic equation. Secondly according to the requirement to make sure the coal flow moves through the chute at a constant speed we calculate the parameters of the standard segment; thirdly we could have the parameters of the non-standard segment based on the speed and the state of the coal. So a series of the boundary equations for not only the standard and non-standard but also the interior and exterior panels of the spiral chute are derived. Finally 3D solid models, views and developing drawings based on redevelopment of Solidworks are come into being. All above are not only automatic, precise and parameterized, moreover, involves more technological information. So it has an important significance on its design, expression and processing.

To provide evidence-based recommendations to the government on strategies for reducing the impact of the imminent influenza pandemic, we conducted a survey on the personal protective and healthcare seeking behaviors of Beijing residents in the wake of the worldwide epidemic of the novel 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, and potential changes in these behaviors during a full-blown pandemic.We used a two-stage Mitofsky-Waksberg telephone survey to collect information for Beijing residents/= 18 years of age and weighted the sample by the census estimate of Beijing population for 2008. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the respondents' knowledge regarding the novel influenza virus, current personal protective and healthcare seeking behaviors during a full-blown influenza pandemic.286 Beijing urban residents were interviewed during May 15 to 18 (response rate: 62%). 77% (95%CI: 71% - 82%) of the residents that they would cover their sneezes at home, and 93% (95%CI: 89% - 96%) would do so in a public place. Of the residents would cover their sneezes at home, 66% (95%CI: 57% - 74%) would covered their sneezes by hand, 33% (95%CI: 25% - 42%) by facial tissue, and only 0.4% (95%CI: 0.1% - 2.9%) by sleeves. Similarly, of the residents would cover their sneezes at a public place, 64% (95%CI: 56% - 71%) would cover their sneezes by hand, 33% (95%CI: 26% - 41%) by facial tissue and 0% by sleeves. 46% (95%CI: 32% - 59%) of the residents would wash their hands after covering their sneezes with hand in public places, and 77% (95%CI: 64% - 89%) would do so at home. Higher percentages of residents would wear a mask (63%, 95%CI: 56% - 70%) and get vaccinated (43%, 95%CI: 37% - 50%) during a pandemic than under currently situation (3.5%, 95%CI: 1.7% - 7.0% for wearing a mask; 13%, 95%CI: 9.8% - 18% for getting vaccinated). 86% (95%CI: 81% - 89%) of the residents would visit a doctor for an influenza-like illness during a pandemic, similar to the percentage currently seen (76%, 95%CI: 70% - 81%). 71% (95%CI: 63% - 78%) of the residents would visit a doctor for influenza-like illness and would choose a tertiary medical center; with percentage (74%, 95%CI: 66% - 80%) similar to the one during a pandemic.Beijing residents need to be aware of the proper ways to cover their noses when sneezing (especially using their sleeves more), and to wash their hands. An effective plan to triage patients should be immediately established to efficiently utilize the limited healthcare resources, which would likely be further strained during a pandemic.

To evaluate and comparison of 2 commercial ELISA kits (Vrion/Serion kit and IBL kit) which ELISA kit will be used in sero-epidemiological survey in China in 2006 by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT).52 serum panel which contain different levels of measles antibody were used.The results showed that the sensitivity, PPV and accurate of Virion/Serion kit achieved highest score when taking PRNT as "gold standard". Virion/Serion kit showed good relationship with PRNT titer: the correlation coefficients are 0.878 (P0.01). IBL kit get lower correlation coefficients 0.850 (P0.01). The test value and mean of unit of serum antibody increased along with neutralizing titers increased.The Virion/Serion kit is good in sensitivity and specificity. It has quantitative for single well. The kit is suitable for sera epidemiology survey to detection of automatic workstation in China.

To evaluate the running status of Measles laboratory network of China (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan were excluded) in 2008.To analyze the database of Measles laboratory network surveillance of the year 2008, and the database of serologic and virologic surveillance of National laboratory for Measles in Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CCDC), then the indicators of the running of Measles laboratory network of China were analyzed.1, serologic surveillance: 107,160 Measles sera samples were collected between Feburary and September of 2008, and the collection rate was 77.93%; 53 778 samples were qualified and positive for IgM, the positive percentage was 50.2%. 2, Virologic surveillance: 287 Measles viral isolates were isolated by 18 provincial Measles laboratories in 2008, all were certified as H1a genotype, H1a genotype was still the predominant genotype circulating in China; 29 Rubella viral isolates were isolated by 4 provincial Measles laboratories in 2008, all belonged to 1E genotype. 3, Laboratory quality control: National laboratory for Measles passed the proficiency test and on-site review in 2008; all provincial Measles laboratories passed the sera samples recheck and proficiency test hold by National laboratory for Measles in 2008; Tianjin, Shanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jilin, Hubei, provincial Measles laboratory passed the on-site review by WHO.The running status of Chinese Measles laboratory network was good in 2008, and good laboratory quality control system was also set up, methods such as specimens collection, serologic detection, cell culture and viral isolation, etc, were standardized, and applied to Chinese Measles laboratory network, and it provided important scientific basis for eradication Measles in the year of 2012.

To study the stability of the microscrew implant anchorage under different loading force and different timing and observe the integration of the implant to the bone.Thirty-six titanium alloy microscrew implants were implanted into three dogs' maxilla and mandible. The implants were divided into two groups: one with immediate implant loading and the other with delayed implant loading. In the delayed loading group, the microscrew implants that were implanted into the right maxilla and mandible were unloaded temporarily. Four weeks later, these dogs, together with the immediate loading group, whose microscrew implants were implanted into the left maxilla and mandible, were loaded at the same time. The mesial screw was unloaded. Two distal screws were loaded with force: 1.96N on the maxilla, and 3.92N on the mandibular. After 12 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed. The specimen were fixed and decalcified. Subsequently, immunohistochemical stain for BMP-2 was employed. The specimen were assessed with image analysis system to analyze the average grey scale. The data were analyzed using Student's t test and one-way ANOVA with SPSS 10.0 software package.BMP-2 staining showed that there was significant difference between the immediate loading group(1.96N,3.92N), delayed loading group(1.96N,3.92N) and non-loading group at average gray value (P0.05). But there was no significant difference between the immediate loading group and delayed loading group (P0.05).Both the immediate and the delayed implant loading can strengthen the attachment and integration of the implant to the bone. The timing of the loading force has no significant impact on the stabilization of the microscrew implants.

57 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero cell line or Vero/SLAM cell line from patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics in 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007. Fragments of 1107 nucleotides of E1 genes of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were directly sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis based on 739 nucleotides showed that out of 57 Chinese rubella virus strains, 55 belong to a distinguish branch of 1E genotype when comparing with 1E genotype rubella strains from other countries, and the other 2 Chinese rubella virus strains belong to 2B genotype. Most of the nucleotide mutations of 57 rubella viruses were silent mutations, and the amino acid sequences were highly conserved. Except one amino acid change (Thr212 --Ser212) in two rubella viruses at the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes, there had no change found at the important antigenic epitope sites of the other rubella viruses. 1E genotype rubella viruses isolated from 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007, and two imported 2B genotype rubella viruses from Vietnam suggested that 1E genotype was the predominant genotype in this period of time. The rubella virus genotypes circulated during 2003 to 2007 were different from that circulating during 1979 to 1984 and 1999 to 2002, the rubella prevailed in recent years was mainly caused by 1E genotype rubella viruses with multi-transmission routes.

To explore the role of gammadeltaT cells in the pathogenesis of allergic bronchial asthma.Forty patients with Der.p and Der f allergy and partly-controlled asthma were involved in a random study. Besides the fact that all patients were treated with same basic treatment. Patients in group A were nebulized with 5 mL normal saline while group B with specific allergen twice a week for six months. The percentage of gammadeltaT cells in peripheral blood and induced sputum and the percentage of IL-4(+) and IFN-gamma(+) gammadeltaT cells were detected by flow cytometry(FCM) before and after treatment.The percentage of gammadeltaT cells in group B decreased after treatment, and the percentage of IFN-gamma(+) gammadeltaT cells in both peripheral blood and induced sputum increased significantly in group B than that in group A.gammadeltaT cells, which may participate in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, may contribute to the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma by desensitization of allergen nebulization.

AIM: To analyze expression of ATP7B in gastric cardiac adenocarcinomas, its clinicopathologic significance, in comparison with distal gastric adenocarcinomas. METHODS: Immunohistochemical avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method was applied to detect the expression of ATP7B in 49 cases of cardiac carcinomas, the corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium and 55 cases of distal gastric carcinomas. RESULTS: The proportion of ATP7B positive samples in gastric cardiac carcinomas (51.0%, 25 of 49) was significantly higher than that in the corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium (22.4%, 11 of 49) (P = 0.003). ATP7B expression in poorly differentiated gastric cardiac carcinomas was significantly higher than that in well/moderately differentiated gastric cardiac carcinomas (P = 0.030). ATP7B expression in gastric cardiac carcinomas was independent of age, tumor size, nodal stage and metastasis status. ATP7B protein was detected in 30.9% (17/55 cases) of distal gastric carcinomas, markedly lower than that in gastric cardiac carcinomas (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: ATP7B protein is frequently overexpressed in gastric cardiac carcinomas, and correlated with the differentiation of cardiac carcinoma. ATP7B expression in gastric cardiac carcinomas is significantly higher than that in distal gastric carcinomas, which might partially explain the difference of chemotherapy response and prognosis between these two gastric carcinomas.

Genetic abnormalities of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been demonstrated to be changes that are frequently involved in esophageal cancer pathogenesis. However, hypermethylation of CpG islands, an epigenetic event, is coming more and more into focus in carcinogenesis of the esophagus. Recent studies have proved that promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is frequently observed in esophageal carcinomas and seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this tumor type. In this review, we will discuss current research on genes that are hypermethylated in human esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions of the esophagus. We will also discuss the potential use of hypermethylated genes as targets for detection, prognosis and treatment of esophageal cancer.