Search

A new species of the genus Oreolalax Myers & Leviton, 1962 is described from Sichuan Province, southwest China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial gene sequences clustered the new species as an independent clade nested with O. rugosus, O. liangbeiensis, and O. major. The new species could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size moderate (39.8–52.8 mm in male); head broad; tympanum absent; interorbital region with dark triangular pattern; 1/3 toes webbed, with broad lateral fringes, belly smooth, brown yellow or medium yellow scattered variable brown spots; skin on dorsum relatively rough with fine tiny and large warts granules; middle pectoral glands are evident in males; flanks with dark-brown warts granules; upper surface of limbs with dark bars; and iris orange above and creamy-white below. The new species inhabits subtropical alpine scrub and swamp.

Abstract Background Aedes albopictus is a major arbovirus vector with small stagnant water containers being its oviposition sites. Mosquitoes search for these sites based on their olfactory cues (odor and moisture emanating from the water at the oviposition site), visual cues (size and color of the site), and gustatory cues (ion and nutrient concentration in that water). The gustatory mechanism through which mosquitoes search for oviposition sites remains unknown. Methods To investigate the role of taste receptors in Ae. albopictus oviposition site selection, we developed a laboratory model. This model assessed mosquito behavior in locating and detecting oviposition sites, using a location index to quantify site preference and detection time to measure response to water presence. We compared oviposition site-searching efficiency between mosquitoes with blocked and unblocked appendages, targeting the taste organs. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes between water-exposed and unexposed mosquitoes. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was then employed to generate a mutant strain with a targeted gene knockout. Results There was no significant difference between the blocked and unblocked groups in the location index. In contrast, the detection time of the unblocked group differed significantly from all other groups, including those with blocked foreleg tarsus, midleg tarsus, hindleg tarsus, all tibia, and all tarsus. Transcriptome sequencing analyses of water-exposed and unexposed mosquitoes revealed that the taste-related gene gustatory receptor 11(gr11) was differentially expressed. This gene was knocked out with CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate a pure mutant strain with 2- and 4-bp deletions, which exhibited a significantly longer detection time than the wild-type strain. Conclusions This study reveals the role of Ae. albopictus gr11 in water detection at oviposition sites, thereby providing a theoretical basis and scientific guidelines for managing the breeding sites of these mosquitoes. Graphical Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of colposcopy in diagnosing cervical lesions when negative cervical cytology is combined with positive human papillomavirus (HPV).

In 2019, the US Department of Health and Human Services launched the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US initiative (EHE) with the goal of reducing new HIV infections by 90% by 2030. This initiative identifies 4 pillars (diagnose, treat, prevent, and respond) to address the HIV epidemic in the United States. To advance the EHE goals, the Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP) has implemented interventions at all points of the HIV care continuum. The FBOP has addressed the EHE pillar of prevention through implementing preexposure prophylaxis, developing a strategy to decrease the risk of new HIV infection, and providing guidance to FBOP healthcare providers. This article describes the implementation of programs to improve the HIV care continuum and end the epidemic of HIV within the FBOP including a review of methodology to implement an HIV preexposure prophylaxis program.

Abstract Background Sporadic parathyroid adenoma (PA) is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism, yet the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Methods Surgically removed PA samples, along with normal parathyroid gland (PG) tissues that were incidentally dissected during total thyroidectomy, were analysed using single‐cell RNA‐sequencing with the 10× Genomics Chromium Droplet platform and Cell Ranger software. Gene set variation analysis was conducted to characterise hallmark pathway gene signatures, and single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering were utilised to analyse transcription factor regulons. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to validate cellular components of PA tissues. siRNA knockdown and gene overexpression, alongside quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and cell proliferation assays, were conducted for functional investigations. Results There was a pervasive increase in gene transcription in PA cells (PACs) compared with PG cells. This is associated with high expression of histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A). High KMT2A levels potentially contribute to promoting PAC proliferation through upregulation of the proto‐oncogene CCND2, which is mediated by the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). PA tissues are heavily infiltrated with myeloid cells, while fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages in PA tissues are commonly enriched with proinflammatory gene signatures relative to their counterparts in PG tissues. Conclusions We revealed the previously underappreciated involvement of the KMT2A‒STAT3/GATA3‒CCND2 axis and chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of PA. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of KMT2A inhibition and anti‐inflammatory strategies, highlighting the need for future investigations to translate these molecular insights into practical applications. Highlights Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing reveals a transcriptome catalogue comparing sporadic parathyroid adenomas (PAs) with normal parathyroid glands. PA cells show a pervasive increase in gene expression linked to KMT2A upregulation. KMT2A‐mediated STAT3 and GATA3 upregulation is key to promoting PA cell proliferation via cyclin D2. PAs exhibit a proinflammatory microenvironment, suggesting a potential role of chronic inflammation in PA pathogenesis.

Abstract Background Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) exhibits opposite functions of promoting or inhibiting tumour across various cancer types. In this study, we aim to investigate its functions and underlying mechanisms in the context of gastric cancer (GC). Methods PHB2 protein expression levels in GC and normal tissues were examined using western blot and immunohistochemistry. PHB2 expression level associations with patient outcomes were examined through Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis utilizing GEO datasets (GSE14210 and GSE29272). The biological role of PHB2 and its subsequent regulatory mechanisms were elucidated in vitro and in vivo. GC cell viability and proliferation were assessed using MTT cell viability analysis, clonogenic assays, and BrdU incorporation assays, while the growth of GC xenografted tumours was measured via IHC staining of Ki67. The interaction among PHB2 and SHIP2, as well as between SHIP2 and NEDD4, was identified through co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down assays, and deletion-mapping experiments. SHIP2 ubiquitination and degradation were assessed using cycloheximide treatment, plasmid transfection and co-immunoprecipitation, followed by western blot analysis. Results Our analysis revealed a substantial increase in PHB2 expression in GC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Notably, higher PHB2 levels correlated with poorer patient outcomes, suggesting its clinical relevance. Functionally, silencing PHB2 in GC cells significantly reduced cell proliferation and retarded GC tumour growth, whereas overexpression of PHB2 further enhanced GC cell proliferation. Mechanistically, PHB2 physically interacted with Src homology 2-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) in the cytoplasm of GC cells, thus leading to SHIP2 degradation via its novel E3 ligase NEDD4. It subsequently activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and thus promoted GC cell proliferation. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of PHB2 upregulation in driving GC progression and its association with adverse patient outcomes. Understanding the functional impact of PHB2 on GC growth contributes valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of GC and may pave the way for the development of targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes.

Distant metastasis is the primary cause of unsuccessful treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), suggesting the crucial need to comprehend this process. A tumor related to NPC does not have flat surfaces, but consists of confined microenvironments, proteins, and surface topography. To mimic the complex microenvironment, three-dimensional platforms with microwells and connecting channels were designed and developed with a fibronectin (FN) coating or nanohole topography. The potential of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitor (galunisertib) for treating NPC was also investigated using the proposed platform. Our results demonstrated an increased traversing probability of NPC43 cells through channels with an FN coating, which correlated with enhanced cell motility and dispersion. Conversely, the presence of nanohole topography patterned on the platform bottom and the TGF-β inhibitor led to a reduced cell traversing probability and decreased cell motility, likely due to the decrease in the F-actin concentration in NPC43 cells. This study highlights the significant impact of confinement levels, surface proteins, nanotopography, and the TGF-β inhibitor on the metastatic probability of cancer cells, providing valuable insights for the development of novel treatment therapies for NPC. The developed platforms proved to be useful tools for evaluating the metastatic potential of cells and are applicable for drug screening.

Background Pelvic pain is a common complaint of discomfort in women, with an increasing incidence and seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Its etiology involves multiple systems and disciplines, and therefore treatment modalities are diverse. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) therapy is a classic analgesic means, and electrical stimulation of local acupoints can achieve obvious analgesic effects. This review aims to discuss the application of TEAS for the treatment of various types of pelvic pain, the selection of optimal parameters and the renewal of equipment.Method Result TEAS for treatment of pelvic pain in women has been reported mainly for endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), intrauterine adhesion (IUA), pelvic stasis syndrome, interstitial cystitis, primary dysmenorrhoea and other diseases. And for parameter selection, the most used of frequency is dilatational wave, the most used stimulation intensity is 10–20 mA, and the acupoint selection should be based on the specific conditions of the patient.Conclusions The analgesic mechanism of TEAS has not been fully elucidated, but the efficacy of the treatment is remarkable and there are no significant adverse effects. The selection of the parameters for TEAS and the combination of acupoints for different pains are still the main directions of future research.

This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of felodipine in lung cancer therapy. Murine subcutaneous lung squamous cancer (LUSC) models constructed by KLN-205 cells were utilized to assess the effect of felodipine monotherapy and in combination with the programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (PD1ab) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4ab). Immunohistochemistry analysis was subsequently applied to detect the number of CD8+ T cells and Ki67+ cells. Lastly, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of felodipine on human LUSC cells and explore the preliminary mechanism underlying felodipine inhibition. The results revealed that felodipine monotherapy exerted a significant inhibitory effect on LUSC growth and synergistic antitumoral activity with PD1ab and CTLA4ab. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry analysis displayed that felodipine promoted CD8+ T-cell infiltration and downregulated Ki67 expression in tumor cells. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments utilizing human LUSC cells determined that felodipine impaired the proliferative and migratory abilities of cancer cells. In addition, TCGA data analysis uncovered that nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT1) expression was positively correlated with overall survival and disease-free survival. Finally, the cell counting kit-8 assay signaled that felodipine might suppress tumor growth by modulating NFAT1.

By reviewing the studies on prevention and treatment of otitis media with effusion in children and experience of clinical practice, this article briefly analyzed the potential causes of otitis media with effusion in children, and specialist nursing interventions were provided for improvement of quality of otolaryngology specialist care. (通过文献检索结合专科护理防治特色, 浅析儿童分泌性中耳炎的原因, 总结专科护理措施, 为儿童分泌性中耳炎防治提供参考意见。)

Shen Qi Wan (SQW) has been proven to exert anti-inflammatory effects in the kidneys of CKD models accompanied by unclear therapeutic mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the kidney-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of SQW and to elucidate its fundamental mechanisms for CKD treatment. Firstly, the main active components of SQW were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique. Subsequently, we evaluated inflammatory factors, renal function and renal pathology changes following SQW treatment utilizing adenine-induced CKD mice and aquaporin 1 knockout (AQP1-/-) mice. Additionally, we conducted RNA-seq analysis and bioinformatics analysis to predict the SQW potential therapeutic targets and anti-nephritis pathways. Simultaneously, WGCNA analysis method and machine learning algorithms were used to perform a clinical prognostic analysis of potential biomarkers in CKD patients from the GEO database and validated through clinical samples. Lipopolysaccharide-induced HK-2 cells were further used to explore the mechanism. We found that renal collagen deposition was reduced, serum inflammatory cytokine levels decreased, and renal function was improved after SQW intervention. It can be inferred that β-defensin 1 (DEFB1) may be a pivotal target, as confirmed by serum and renal tissue samples from CKD patients. Furthermore, SQW assuages inflammatory responses by fostering AQP1-mediated DEFB1 expression was confirmed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Significantly, the renal-protective effect of SQW is to some extent attenuated after AQP1 gene knockout. SQW could reduce inflammatory responses by modulating AQP1 and DEFB1. These findings underscore the potential of SQW as a promising contender for novel prevention and treatment strategies within the ambit of CKD management.

This work aims to improve the material segregation, bottom-of-furnace aggregation, and uneven particle distribution in the feeding area of a lightly calcined MgO airflow hearth roaster. A feeding structure type based on the jet is proposed, and a large cold experimental device with an 85 mm inner diameter and 3500 mm height is established based on the jet. Then the effects of different parameters on the flow characteristics of magnesite particles in the jet-feeding device of the lightly calcined MgO furnace are investigated. The experimental results indicate that the feeding structure based on the jet could not only improve the fluidization gas velocity and material segregation in the feeding area but also completely solve the bottom of furnace aggregation, enhancing the gas–solid mixing efficiency and improving the particle distribution uniformity. The optimized key structural parameters reveal that the best scheme for the jet feeding device is as follows: the nozzle distance is 225 mm, the nozzle diameter is 16 mm, and the length–diameter ratio is

Objective： Optimized the drying process of jujube slices and improved the product quality. Methods： Taking jujube slices as the research object, the correlation between conversion moisture content, infrared temperature and slice thickness and drying time and drying rate was studied, and the change rule of effective moisture diffusion coefficient of jujube slices in FD-IRD with conversion moisture content, infrared temperature and slice thickness was calculated, and the drying activation energy of jujube slices in FD-IRD was calculated according to the test data. Results： The lower the conversion moisture content is, the shorter the infrared drying time was. But the lower the conversion moisture content would greatly increase the freeze drying time. Proper increase of infrared drying temperature was beneficial to increase the effective diffusion coefficient of water. The thinner the slice is, the higher the drying rate was. Reducing the slice thickness can improve the effective water diffusion coefficient and shorten the drying time. The front and rear two stages were both speeds reducing drying processes. The effective moisture diffusion coefficients of freeze-drying and infrared drying under different drying conditions by solving Fick's second law were 3.39×10-9~9.47×10-9 and 3.34×10-9~2.01×10-8 m2/s, respectively; The drying activation energy of the infrared drying stage was 59.03 kJ/mol calculated by Anius formula. Conclusion： The conversion moisture content is 30%, and the infrared temperature is 60 ℃. Under the condition of slice thickness of 6 mm, the freeze infrared combined drying technology has short drying time and high efficiency.

Guangdong Province is actively building a national marine ecological civilization construction demonstration area, and it is crucial to conduct research and assessment on the resources and environmental carrying capacity of the coastal zones. Under the guidance of the "double evaluation" of the territorial space planning, this study takes the coastal areas of Guangdong Province, namely the 45 coastal counties and the sea areas within the scope of the marine functional areas of Guangdong Province as the research scope It proceeded from the functional orientation of ecological protection, agricultural production, and urban construction to construct the evaluation index system of the resources and environmental carrying capacity of the coastal zone of Guangdong Province. In 2019, based on the evaluation index system, a comprehensive evaluation of the resources and environmental carrying capacity of the coastal zone of Guangdong Province was performed using integrate and integrate multi-scale spatial data, remote sensing, geographic information system, and other technical means and its resource and environmental carrying status were quantitatively revealed. The results showed that approximately 84% of the land area in the coastal zone and more than 1/2 of the sea areas (cities, districts) have overall good comprehensive bearing status of the resources and environmental carrying capacity, which is mainly characterized by loadability. The scale of human socio-economic activities in most regions is within the range of the resources and environmental carrying capacity; however, in some regions it exceeds the threshold, particularly in regions distributed in the Pearl River Delta. Specifically, under the guidance of the ecological protection function, 60.05% of the land area and 14 counties (cities, districts) of the sea area are in a loadable state, mainly distributed in the east and west wings of the urban agglomeration in the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao. Under the guidance of the agricultural production function, the carrying capacity of land agriculture is relatively severe, mainly critical overload, while the number of counties (cities, districts) that can be carried by sea agricultural production is relatively small. Compared with the functions of ecological protection and agricultural production, the area of the loadable area under the urban construction function is the highest, with 86.93% of the land area and 29 counties (cities, districts) of the sea area in the loadable state, and only 3.01% of the land area and 10 counties (cities, districts) of the sea area in the overloaded state. Guangdong Province is a major province of marine economy. As an important place for economic activities in the coastal zone, the ocean is a strategic place to promote the high-quality development of Guangdong Province.. Under the mode of sustainable development, there is still a large scope for the development of resources and environmental carrying capacity in the coastal zone of Guangdong Province. On the premise of ensuring the stability of resources and environment, the loadable area can be further developed and utilized selectively, the allocation of resource elements can be optimized, and a new management mode of high-level protection and efficient utilization of resources can be built. Thus the research results provide a basis for the compilation of territorial space planning and the optimization of territorial space development and protection pattern in Guangdong Province.

Abstract The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) Community hosted two virtual panel discussions focusing on several novel regulatory review pathways for innovative oncology products: Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR), Project Orbis, and the Product Quality Assessment Aid (PQAAid). The panel sessions were held on August 27, 2021, for the discussion of RTOR, and January 21, 2022, for the discussion of Project Orbis and the PQAAid. Both panel sessions included representatives from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and subject matter experts from the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, with the aim of facilitating knowledge sharing on CMC-specific advantages, challenges, eligibility criteria for participation, and operational modifications instituted through the utilization of these acceleration initiatives. Key topics included managing cross-regional regulatory CMC requirements, adapting to expedited development timelines, coordinating interactions between health authorities and industry, and potential opportunities for future improvement and expansion of these programs. As RTOR, Project Orbis, and PQAAid are relatively new initiatives, the experiences shared by the panel experts are valuable for providing deeper insight into these new regulatory pathways and processes.

This paper summarized the nursing measures of a patient with furuncle of the nose treated with Tradition Chinese Medicine (TCM) collapse stains. The nursing assessment, application method and cautions of collapse stains, compostion of Chinese herbs, dietary guidance and psychological intervention were reviewed. Through the active intervention of the external treatment of Tradition Chinese Medicine, the level of nasal boils decreased, pain was relieved, and good results were achieved. (本文总结1例中药塌渍治疗鼻疖患者的护理经验, 包括护理评估、中药塌渍操作方法、药方组成、注意事项以及饮食指导、心理干预等护理措施。基于辨证施护理念, 通过中药塌渍外治法积极干预, 并辅以相关护理措施, 能有效改善患者鼻疖症状, 减轻疼痛。)

ObjectiveGender differences are prevalent in major depressive disorder (MDD), but the gender differences in the relationship between comorbid anxiety and thyroid hormones in young first-episode and drug-naive (FEND) MDD patients are unknown.MethodsA total of 1,289 young outpatients with FEDN MDD were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient. The patient’s blood glucose, blood pressure, thyroid hormone, and thyroid antibody levels were measured. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess patients’ depression, anxiety, and positive symptoms, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders was 80.4 and 79.4% in male and female MDD patients, respectively. Patients with anxiety had higher HAMD and PANSS scores, higher serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (A-TG), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (A-TPO) levels, higher blood glucose and blood pressure levels, and more patients with psychotic symptoms and suicide attempts. Male patients were younger and had a younger age of onset. Logistic regression analysis showed that HAMD score and comorbid suicide attempts were significant predictors of anxiety symptoms in both males and females, whereas A-TG predicted anxiety symptoms in female patients only. Limitations: No causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design.ConclusionThis study showed gender differences in factors associated with anxiety symptoms in patients with MDD. Some factors were associated with anxiety symptoms in both male and female patients, while A-TG was only associated with anxiety symptoms in female patients.

The development of food infrared heating theories were discussed in this review, and the advancement of infrared heating in food processing were summarized. Moreover, the principle of food processing and process optimum method in various food infrared thermal treatment technologies, including sterilizing, thawing, blanching, baking, peeling and drying processes were also discussed.

Objective In this study, we aimed to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play important roles in starvation stress, analyze their functions, and discover potential molecular targets to alleviate starvation stress to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in-depth research. Methods We generated a piglet starvation stress animal model. Nine Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into a long-term starvation stress group (starved for 72 h), short-term starvation stress group (starved for 48 h), and the control group. LncRNA libraries were constructed using high-throughput sequencing of piglet ileums. Results We obtained 11,792 lncRNAs, among which, 2,500 lncRNAs were novel. In total, 509 differentially expressed (DE)lncRNAs were identified in this study. Target genes of DElncRNAs were predicted via cis and trans interactions, and functional and pathway analyses were performed. Gene ontology functions and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis revealed that lncRNA-targeted genes mainly participated in metabolic pathways, cellular processes, immune system processes, digestive systems, and transport activities. To reveal the mechanism underlying starvation stress, the interaction network between lncRNAs and their targets was constructed based on 26 DElncRNAs and 72 DEmRNAs. We performed an interaction network analysis of 121 DElncRNA–DEmRNA pairs with a Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Conclusion We found that MSTRG.19894.13, MSTRG.16726.3, and MSTRG.12176.1 might play important roles in starvation stress. This study not only generated a library of enriched lncRNAs in piglets, but its outcomes also provide a strong foundation to screen key lncRNAs involved in starvation stress and a reference for subsequent in-depth research.

Abstract P53 inactivation occurs in about 50% of human cancers, where p53‐driven p21 activity is devoid and p27 becomes essential for the establishment of the G1/S checkpoint upon DNA damage. Here, this work shows that the E2F1‐responsive lncRNA LIMp27 selectively represses p27 expression and contributes to proliferation, tumorigenicity, and treatment resistance in p53‐defective colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. LIMp27 competes with p27 mRNA for binding to cytoplasmically localized hnRNA0, which otherwise stabilizes p27 mRNA leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. In response to DNA damage, LIMp27 is upregulated in both wild‐type and p53‐mutant COAD cells, whereas cytoplasmic hnRNPA0 is only increased in p53‐mutant COAD cells due to translocation from the nucleus. Moreover, high LIMp27 expression is associated with poor survival of p53‐mutant but not wild‐type p53 COAD patients. These results uncover an lncRNA mechanism that promotes p53‐defective cancer pathogenesis and suggest that LIMp27 may constitute a target for the treatment of such cancers.

Due to the complicated tectonic and sedimentary history and the lack of effective paleo-thermal indicators, the Meso-Neoproterozoic thermal history of the Yanliao rift zone in the northern margin of the North China Craton is ambiguous, which causes the maturation evolution of ancient source rocks controversial. In this study, zircon (U-Th)/He dating is used to study the tectono-thermal evolution of the Yanliao rift zone since the Mesoproterozoic, and we also analyzed the maturation evolution stages of two sets of Mesoproterozoic source rocks. The single-grain zircon (U-Th)/He ages from the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata in the Yanliao rift zone are all younger than the corresponding stratigraphic ages and therefore recorded the thermal information in the past. Moreover, the single-grain zircon (U-Th)/He ages of the Neoproterozoic Longshan formation show a negative correlation with the effective uranium concentration. The forward and inverse coupling simulation revealed that the Yanliao rift zone experienced two rapid cooling events of 440~320 Ma and 220~0 Ma, probably related to the collision between the Bainaimiao island arc and the northern margin of the North China Craton and the subduction of Mongolia Okhotsk oceanic crust below the eastern North China Craton, respectively. In addition, the formation temperature variations at the end of Ordovician and the end of Triassic had an important influence on the maturation evolution of Mesoproterozoic source rock.

Objective:To study the effectiveness of early percutaneous transthyrohyoid injection laryngoplasty under local anesthesia in improving voice quality in unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) patients.Methods:Longitudinal data of 29 UVFP patients who underwent injection laryngoplasty within six months from the onset of the symptoms were studied. The injectate (0.5–1 mL) was hyaluronic acid-based material (Juvéderm ULTRA XC; Allergan Industrie, France) that was delivered under local anesthesia with transthyrohyoid approach using a double-bend 21G needle. Multidimensional voice outcomes employing: 1) Malay-Voice-Handicap Index-10 (mVHI-10); 2) maximum phonation time (MPT); and 3) acoustic analysis [jitter%, shimmer% and noise-harmonic ratio (NHR)] were used to assess the treatment progress. The voice parameters were measured at baseline (2 weeks pre-injection), and at the first and third months post-injection.Results:The mean age of the 29 patients was 44.69 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 3.14:1. The voice outcomes measured at different time points were evaluated with repeated measures ANOVA. Significant improvement was observed from baseline to three months post injection laryngoplasty for mVHI-10, jitter, and NHR (p

The effect of plant slope protection is strongly associated with the root architecture in soil. In this paper, the water?fertilizer combination method was used to regulate the plant root configuration, and the influence of the regulated plant root architecture on the slope soil strength was studied. In terms of the practice of highway slope engineering, a field fill slope for test was made. Vetiver was selected as slope protection species, and 9 groups of water?fertilizer combinations were designed to regulate the root architecture of plant in slope soil. After 10-months growth, the roots of plants on the slope were counted by cross layered excavation. It was found that the root content increased first and then decreased with the depth of soil layer, which accorded with Gauss curve. In control area with water?fertilizer combination, vetiver proliferated a large number of secondary and tertiary roots, which increased root content and root surface area density. The proportion of roots in the upslope direction was higher than that in the downslope direction, reaching 60%?66%. The shear test of undisturbed soil in different regions shows that the root content and root surface area density are important factors affecting the shear strength of soil. Regression analysis shows that there is a linear relationship between soil cohesion and root surface area density. The calculation based on Wu’s model shows that under natural growth conditions, the increment of shear strength of vetiver to slope soil is 5.28 kPa to 8.62 kPa, while under conditions of water?fertilizer combination, the angles between most of secondary and tertiary vetiver roots and the vertical are greater than the slope angle, which makes the shear strength of vetiver on slope soil increase by 17.59 kPa to 33.97 kPa. This research shows that water?fertilizer combination method can be used to regulate the root architecture of plants to strengthen slope soil, which provides theoretical and practical basis for improving slope soil strength and preventing slope soil erosion.

Abstract Background Hendra virus (HeV) has caused lethal disease outbreaks in humans and horses in Australia. Flying foxes are the wildlife reservoir from which the virus was first isolated in 1996. Following a heat stress mortality event in Australian flying foxes in 2013, a novel HeV variant was discovered. This study describes the subsequent surveillance of Australian flying foxes for this novel virus over a nine year period using qRT-PCR testing of tissues from flying foxes submitted primarily for Australian bat lyssavirus diagnosis. Genome sequencing and characterisation of the novel HeV variant was also undertaken. Methods Spleen and kidney samples harvested from flying fox carcasses were initially screened with two real-time qRT-PCR assays specific for the prototype HeV. Two additional qRT-PCR assays were developed specific for the HeV variant first detected in samples from a flying fox in 2013. Next-generation sequencing and virus isolation was attempted from selected samples to further characterise the new virus. Results Since 2013, 98 flying foxes were tested and 11 were positive for the new HeV variant. No samples were positive for the original HeV. Ten of the positive samples were from grey-headed flying foxes (GHFF, Pteropus poliocephalus), however this species was over-represented in the opportunistic sampling (83% of bats tested were GHFF). The positive GHFF samples were collected from Victoria and South Australia and one positive Little red flying fox (LRFF, Pteropus scapulatus) was collected from Western Australia. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of henipavirus antigen, associated with an inflammatory lesion in cardiac blood vessels of one GHFF. Positive samples were sequenced and the complete genome was obtained from three samples. When compared to published HeV genomes, there was 84% sequence identity at the nucleotide level. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the newly detected HeV belongs to the HeV species but occupies a distinct lineage. We have therefore designated this virus HeV genotype 2 (HeV-g2). Attempts to isolate virus from PCR positive samples have not been successful. Conclusions A novel HeV genotype (HeV-g2) has been identified in two flying fox species submitted from three states in Australia, indicating that the level of genetic diversity for HeV is broader than first recognised. Given its high genetic relatedness to HeV, HeV-g2 is a zoonotic pathogen.

Investigating the effect of nanomedicines on cancer cell behavior in three-dimensional (3D) platforms is beneficial for evaluating and developing novel antitumor nanomedicines in vitro. While the cytotoxicity of nanomedicines on cancer cells has been widely studied on two-dimensional flat surfaces, there is little work using 3D confinement to assess their effects. This study aims to address this gap by applying PEGylated paclitaxel nanoparticles (PEG-PTX NPs) for the first time to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC43) cells in 3D confinement consisting of microwells with different sizes and a glass cover. The cytotoxicity of the small molecule drug paclitaxel (PTX) and PEG-PTX NPs was studied in microwells with sizes of 50 × 50, 100 × 100, and 150 × 150 μm2 both with and without a concealed top cover. The impact of microwell confinement with varying sizes and concealment on the cytotoxicity of PTX and PEG-PTX NPs was analyzed by assessing NPC43 cell viability, migration speed, and cell morphology following treatment. Overall, microwell isolation was found to suppress drug cytotoxicity, and differences were observed in the time-dependent effects of PTX and PEG-PTX NPs on NPC43 cells in isolated and concealed microenvironments. These results not only demonstrate the effect of 3D confinement on nanomedicine cytotoxicity and cell behaviors but also provide a novel method to screen anticancer drugs and evaluate cell behaviors in vitro.

Genomic amplification of chromosome 3q often encodes proteins that contribute to cancer development. Here the authors identify a non-coding product of the 3q region, the lncRNA PLANE that promotes tumorigenesis through the deregulation of transcriptional corepressor NCOR2 pre-mRNA splicing.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may be the most promising substitute for antibiotics due to their effective bactericidal activity and multiple antimicrobial modes against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a new functional gene named Spgillcin was identified in Scylla paramamosain, which encoded 216 amino acids of mature peptide. In vivo, Spgillcin was dominantly expressed in the gills of male and female crabs, offering the highest expression level among all tested organs or tissues. The expression pattern of Spgillcin was significantly altered when challenged by Staphylococcus aureus, indicating a positive immune response. In vitro, a functional truncated peptide Spgillcin177–189 derived from the amino acid sequence of Spgillcin was synthesized and showed a broad-spectrum and potent antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains, including the clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, with a range of minimum inhibitory concentrations from 1.5 to 48 μM. Spgillcin177–189 also showed rapid bactericidal kinetics for S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but did not display any cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and maintained its antimicrobial activity in different conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that Spgillcin177–189 was mainly involved in the disruption of cell membrane integrity where the membrane components lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide could significantly inhibit the antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Spgillcin177–189 could change the membrane permeability and cause the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. No resistance was generated to Spgillcin177–189 when the clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and MDR P. aeruginosa were treated with Spgillcin177–189 and then subjected to a long term of continuous culturing for 50 days. In addition, Spgillcin177–189 exerted a strong anti-biofilm activity by inhibiting biofilm formation and was also effective at killing extracellular S. aureus in the cultural supernatant of RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, Spgillcin177–189 has strong potential as a substitute for antibiotics in future aquaculture and medical applications.

Objective: In order to explore the effect of step-down relative humidity drying strategy on the drying characteristics of agricultural products. Methods: Yam slices were selected as the object. The effects of constant humidity drying （relative humidity 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%） and step-down relative humidity drying （relative humidity 45% in the first stage for different times of 10, 20, 30, 60 min and relative humidity 20% in the second stage） on the drying characteristics of yam slices were studied at 60 ℃; The multi-field coupling model was constructed for the simulation of heat and mass transfer; The rehydration ratio and microstructure of the dried product were also measured. Results: ① During constant humidity drying, the drying rate decreased with the increase of relative humidity; However, the drying time of step-down relative humidity drying （45% relative humidity maintained for 20 min and then decreased to 15%） was 8.3% shorter than that of constant humidity drying （relative humidity 15%）. ② The drying rate of yam slices generally increased first and then decreased, The fitting results of drying model showed that it was accurate to describe the changing process of moisture and mass transfer. ③ The rehydration ratio increased first and then decreased with the increase of relative humidity; Under special drying condition of step-down relative humidity drying strategy （relative humidity 45% kept for 20 min and then decreased to 15%）, the yam slices showed honeycomb porous structure, which was good for the mass transfer. Under this condition, the maximum rehydration ratio was 6.85 ± 0.05; Under the drying condition of constant humidity strategy （relative humidity is 20%）, the microstructure of yam sllices begin to shrink and collapse, which led to a lower rehydration rate. Conclusion: During the process of hot air drying, the multi-field coupling model can significantly shorten the drying time, effectively improve the microstructure of materials and improve the rehydration rate of products; The multi-field coupling model can precisely simulate the heat and mass transfer process in yam slices during hot air drying; The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application and optimization of step-down relative humidity drying strategy.

To clarify the influence of the changes in the overlying water environment on the internal nitrogen release from reservoir sediments in different seasons, the quantitative linear relationship between the intensity of the nitrogen release from the sediment and the environmental factors of the overlying water was established, and their contribution rate to the nitrogen pollution of the reservoir during different storage periods was investigated. In this study, the sediment samples were collected from the Dahekou Reservoir in the Xilingol League, and the orthogonal simulation experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The mathematical model, which was established using multiple linear regression methods, revealed the following. The order of the significance of the influences of the environmental factors on the nitrogen release from the sediments in the Dahekou Reservoir is water temperature (T) > dissolved oxygen (DO) > pH value > hydrodynamic force (K). The total nitrogen release flux from the sediments in the Dahekou Reservoir was 14.278 t/a in 2018, accounting for 27.91% of the total nitrogen (TN) pollution load input during the same period. In particular, in winter, the contribution rate of the nitrogen released from the sediments reached the highest level (57.06–63.26%), which was significantly higher than the river’s contribution to the total nitrogen pollution load of the reservoir. The nitrogen released from the sediments became the main source of nitrogen nutrients in the reservoir in the ice-sealed period.

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with significant sex differences. Cognitive impairment is common in patients with schizophrenia, even in remission. This study was designed to examine the sex differences in the relationship between cognitive impairment and clinical correlations with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) schizophrenia. Methods 93 FEDN patients (male/female = 45/48) and 160 controls (male/female = 74/86) were enrolled to compare the sex differences in cognitive functions measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate patients' clinical symptoms. We compared cognitive impairment with sociodemographic characteristics and measures of different genders, as well as group-by-sex interactions. Results Our results showed that male patients had significantly lower scores for symbol coding, digital sequence, and verbal learning than female patients, while the healthy controls showed similar sex differences. In female patients, multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that PANSS negative symptoms and general psychopathology scores, HAMD total score, and education level were independent contributors to MCCB total score. In male patients, only education was an independent contributor to MCCB total score. Conclusions These findings revealed significant sex differences in cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms in FEDN, which will be worthy of a follow-up study of schizophrenia in the future.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological stress and resilience on sleep conditions and working stress among the officers and soldiers during major tasks. Methods Psychological stress evaluating test (PSET), perceived stress scale (PSS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) were used to survey 464 officers and soldiers who took part in major tasks during June 2019 and June 2020. The subjects were assigned into control group (n=136) and somnipathy group (n=328, including light, moderate and severe subgroups) according to their sleep conditions, and also into low-resilience (n=95) or high-resilience (n=369) groups based on their scores of psychological resilience. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the related factors for sleep disorders, and Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to investigate the correlation of psychological stress and resilience with sleep quality as well as severity of working stress, so as to determine the mediating effect of the former 2 factors on the latter 2. Result After 2 and 6 cases were excluded due to incomplete data from the somnipathy and control group respectively, there were finally 456 cases subjected (134 and 322 cases respectively). The age, numbers of violence witnessed, and PSS and PSET scores were older, larger and higher, while the CD-RISC score was lower in the somnipathy group than the control group (P

The In-Vessel Retention (IVR) is an attractive strategy which could avoid the failure of Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) and consequent phenomenon in severe accident of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Most advanced NPPs designed in China adopt the IVR measure, e.g. ACPR1000, CAP1400 and HPR1000. In this paper, the IVR designs of different advanced NPPs in China are described and compared, and relevant IVR analyses and experimental work are introduced, then several key IVR technical issues are discussed and corresponding technical positions are given. In general, IVR is proposed as an effective measure based on current analysis, also several suggestions are put forward to further improve the likelihood of IVR success.

Abstract Background A systematic understanding of socio-economic inequalities in end-of-life (EOL) suffering among advanced cancer patients is required to inform efforts to reduce these inequalities as part of Universal Health Coverage goals. Aims To assess inequalities in multiple domains of EOL suffering among advanced cancer patients – physical, functional, psychological, social, and spiritual –, using two socio-economic status (SES) indicators, education and perceived economic status of the household. Methods We used cross-sectional data from surveys of stage IV cancer patients (n = 1378) from seven hospitals across five countries (China, Sri Lanka, India, Vietnam and Myanmar). We conducted separate multivariable linear regression models for each EOL suffering domain. We also tested interactions between the two SES indicators and between each SES indicator and patient age. Results Patients living in low economic status households /with fewer years of education reported greater suffering in several domains. We also found significant interaction effects between economic status of the household and years of education for all EOL suffering outcomes. Age significantly moderated the association between economic status of the household and social suffering and between years of education and psychological, social, and spiritual suffering (p

Objective To explore the longitudinal characteristics of mental health in the soldiers stationing in the plateau, and the predictive roles of bravery and negative cognitive processing bias. Methods Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to make a longitudinal survey on 255 plateau soldiers for 3 consecutive years during 2016 and 2018. The bravery scores of them in the year of 2016 and the negative cognitive processing bias scores in 2017 were employed to make causality prediction for the mental health scores of 198 soldiers in 2018. Results ① There were no significant differences in the average scores of mental health in the participants in the years of 2016 to 2018; The number of longitudinal positive items was significantly different in the 3 years of follow-up, so were the average scores of these positive items. ② Demographic variables and military occupational variables showed no obvious effect on the mental health scores of the participants in the 3 years (P>0.05). ③The negative cognitive processing bias showed significant modification effect on bravery and mental health (t=-2.34, P < 0.01), accounting for 25.3% of the variation rate of mental health. Conclusion There are no significant differences in the longitudinal average total scores of mental health in the plateau soldiers during the 3 years. The number of positive items in 2018 is obviously lower than that in 2017, in a downward trend. But, the average scores of positive items in 2018 is higher than those in 2016 and 2017, indicating an upward trend. Bravery has a negative effect on mental health score, while negative cognitive processing bias has a positive effect on mental health score. The relationship between bravery and mental health is regulated by negative cognitive processing bias.

Objective To explore the characteristics of the longitudinal changes of emotional regulation strategies and their value in predicting depression in military personnel serving in high-altitude regions. Methods We followed up 4 665 military personnel serving in high-altitude regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Supply Line for 3 consecutive years (2016-2018). Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Armymen (AERTQ), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to assess the strategies of emotion regulation and the depressive state of these individuals. After excluding the individuals withdrawn from the study (due to mobilizations for missions, discharge from service or personal reasons), we recruited 202 subjects for data analysis. Results Among the military personnel, the scores for emotional regulation strategies were the highest for self-comfort, followed by seeking emotional help, cognitive attention and behavioral inhibition (P < 0.05); the scores were relatively stable over the 3-year period of the study. The scores for emotion regulation strategies increased year by year, and the score for enhanced emotion regulation recorded a significantly greater increase than that of weakened emotion regulation (P < 0.05). The degree of environmental adaptation was important factors affecting the strategies of emotional regulation (P < 0.05). The score for cognitive attention was capable of predicting a depressive state within 2 years, and the score of self-comfort had a predictive value within 1 year (P < 0.05). Conclusion Among the military personnel serving in high-altitude regions, emotional regulation shows a transition from a predominantly weakened to an enhanced strategy, suggesting a negative trend of changes. Adaptability affect the strategies adopted for emotional regulation, which can be predictive of the depressive state in these military personnel.

The immatures of the biting midge Dasyhelea silvatica are described and illustrated for the first time and a complete description of the adult male and female are provided using scanning electron and compound microscopes. The specimens were collected from flooded soil near a pond in Guizhou Province, China, and reared in the laboratory.

Abstract Background Gingivitis is a common oral health problem, and untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore associated factors of gingival bleeding and calculus among 12-year-old adolescents; (2) find predictive models for gingivitis management. Methods Four thousand five hundred twenty-five subjects aged 12 in Sichuan Province were investigated. The questionnaire and clinical examination were applied in schools, and two-level logistic regression models were constructed to interpret the effect of individual and contextual factors on Chinese adolescents’ gingival bleeding and calculus. Results 46.63% (95%CI: 40.71, 51.60) and 66.94% (95%CI: 56.85, 67.45) of the subjects presented gingival bleeding and calculus, respectively. For the gingival bleeding cases, the model showed the significant associated indicators were hukou (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.52–0.72), family size (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.19–1.68), parental educational level (father: OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.45–0.63; mother: OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59–0.86), tooth-brushing frequency (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.26–0.48), dental floss use (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41–0.83), sugar-containing drink consumption (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.80–2.49), and dental visit (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.19–1.74). It also confirmed that gender (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13–1.54), hukou (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.59–0.82), family size (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12–1.59), parental educational level (father: OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.39–0.54; mother: OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.59–0.82), tooth-brushing frequency (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.42–0.78), dental floss use (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48–0.90) and sugar-containing drink consumption (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.53) were associated factors for dental calculus. Conclusions Gingival bleeding and calculus were common in western Chinese adolescents. Socio-demographic factors including gender, hukou and family factors are strong determinants of gingival health in Chinese adolescents. In addition, health-related lifestyle behaviors such as healthy diet, good hygiene care and more dental visits are good predictors of better gingival status.

Crowd emotional contagion occurs in both virtual and physical cyberspace at the same time. To realistically simulate the process of crowd emotional contagion, the influences of virtual cyberspace and physical cyberspace should be considered comprehensively. In addition, control strategies significantly affect the speed and scale of emotional contagion in a crowd. However, control strategies described by existing studies are inaccurate since few of them consider both physical and virtual cyberspace to jointly study the influence of control strategies on crowd emotional contagion. To achieve more accurate control, we first establish a novel personalized emotional contagion computational (NP-ECC) model to study control strategies of crowd emotional contagion coupling the physical and virtual cyberspace. Second, we construct a personalized BA scale-free network to calculate the phase transition threshold of the proposed NP-ECC model more accurately. Finally, we propose two algorithms, control strategies-BA (CS-BA) and threshold-BA (T-BA), to verify the stability of the NP-ECC model and the accuracy of the phase transition threshold, respectively. The experimental results show that our method can better control the speed and scale of crowd emotional contagion and thus can provide guidance for a large-scale crowd evacuation.

Despite extensive research on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging, and no effective therapies are currently available. Amyloid β (Aβ) extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are the histological characteristics of AD that have been directly linked to neuropathological events such as synaptic and neuronal cell loss. In this study, we explored whether the “JAK2-STAT3-BACE1” pathway is involved in neuroprotection conferred by the food flavouring agent β-caryophyllene (BCP). PC-12 cells with overexpressed amyloid-β protein precursor (APP) were utilised to construct an AD model in vitro, which was then split into four groups, namely control, empty vector, APP overexpression, and BCP (5, 10, and 20 μM). CCK-8 was used to evaluate cell viability, immunofluorescence was utilised to examine synaptic morphology, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to examine gene and protein expression levels. The relative expression levels of JAK2, STAT3, and BACE1 mRNA in the transfected PC-12 cells were found to be significantly upregulated. The cell morphology altered dramatically 72 h after transfection, becoming rounder, with a decrease in cell number. BCP exhibited the potential to dramatically increase PC-12 cell viability while protecting cell morphology. BCP inhibited APP, JAK2, STAT3, BACE1 mRNA and BACE1 protein overexpression, as well as JAK2 and STAT3 hyperphosphorylation. Molecular docking simulated the docking of BCP with JAK2, STAT3, BACE1, CB2. And JAK2 was found to be the most stable protein. In conclusion, inhibition of the “JAK2-STAT3-BACE1” signalling pathway may be one of the mechanisms through which BCP protects neurons and antagonises Aβ’s neurotoxicity.

Exploring vaccination behavior is fundamental to understand the role of vaccine in suppressing the epidemic. Motivated by the efficient role of the risk perception and the subsidy policy in promoting vaccination, we propose the Risk Perception and the Risk Perception with Subsidy Policy voluntary vaccination strategies with imperfect vaccine. The risk perception is driven by multiple information sources based on global information (released by Public Health Bureau) and local information (from first-order neighbors). In time-varying networks, we use the mean-field approach and the Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the epidemic dynamics under vaccination behavior with imperfect vaccine. We find that vaccination with the incorporation of risk perception and subsidy policy can effectively control the epidemic. Moreover, information from different sources plays different roles. Global information is more helpful in promoting vaccination than local information. In addition, to further understand the influence of vaccination strategies, we calculate the social cost as the cost for the vaccine and treatment, and find that excess vaccination cost results in a higher social cost after the herd immunity. Thus, for balancing the epidemic control and social cost, providing individuals with more global information as well as local information would be helpful in vaccination. These results are expected to provide insightful guidance for designing the policy to promote vaccination.

The immersive experience and diverse interaction modes provided by virtual digital technology match the spatial sensitivity and practical ability required in the field of architectural teaching, and its technological advantages can significantly enhance teaching outcomes. However, in the field of architecture teaching, there has been a lack of discussion on the suitability of different virtual technologies and teaching scenarios for historical buildings. Therefore, this study constructed a comprehensive adaptive evaluation system for virtual technology and selected 360-degree panoramic technology (360-degree PT), Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) technology, and Desktop Virtual Reality (DVR) technology as representatives for empirical study. The research method used in this experiment is a questionnaire survey, involving a total of 60 students majoring in architecture and planning, with a certain foundation in historical architecture knowledge. Multiple statistical methods are employed to analyze the data. The experimental data indicates that IVR technology performs the best in terms of learning outcomes, learning autonomy, and sense of presence, making it suitable for immersive and interactive learning needs. 360-degree PT demonstrates the best perception of architectural features, catering to the demand for visual effects. DVR technology exhibits the highest learning efficiency, meeting the need for simplicity, efficiency, and widespread application. On the other hand, augmented reality (AR) technology and mixed reality (MR) technology have lower adaptability and do not meet the learning requirements for immersive spatial experiences. This study is expected to provide a new technical pathway for teaching historical buildings and serve as a systematic reference for selecting specific technologies.

In the Cyber-Physical system(CPS), equipment generates a large amount of communication information and equipment data during the operation of the system, which are at risk of being modified and stolen. Block chain technology with distributed storage as the core is conducive to ensuring the data security of CPS system, but the existing consensus algorithms have the problem that data recording rights are concentrated in a few nodes and are easy to be hijacked by malicious nodes. By introducing node validity, the dynamic change of node behavior can be reflected. The experimental results show that the consensus mechanism based on the validity of nodes makes the distribution of nodes with access to data records more decentralized, better reflects the de-centralization characteristics of the system, and improves the security of data.

The fourth instar larva and pupa of Dasyhelea alula Yu, 2005 are described and illustrated using a Scanning Electron Microscope. The adult male and female of this species are redescribed. Immatures were collected from flooded soil near a pond in Xiaojiawan village, Guizhou province, China and reared in the laboratory. The studied material is deposited in the Insect Collection of Zunyi Medical University.

A stable and simple Yb:YAG rod amplifier based on chirped pulse amplification in a water cooling system has been demonstrated. The output power of 38 W at a 250 kHz repetition rate with a spectrum width of 4 nm centered at 1030 nm, which support Fourier-transform limited pulse duration of 389 fs has been generated. The compressed power of 23.9 W with pulse duration of 985 fs has been obtained with a chirped volume Bragg grating compressor. The power stability is measured to be 1.414% when the output power is 35 W. The system is worthwhile to popularize for its good performance and inexpensive cost.