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In China, the prevalence of undernutrition among children under 5 years of age has declined significantly during recent decades. However, noticeable gaps exist between rural and urban areas. Since 2012, a government‐funded nutrition programme, Ying Yang Bao (YYB; soybean powder‐based iron‐rich supplement) programme, has been implemented in poor rural areas to decrease the risk of developing anaemia among children aged 6–23 months, but there are still inadequate health care awareness, feeding knowledge and skills among caregivers. From June 2018 to December 2020, a child health counselling intervention was delivered through a home visit based on the YYB programme in Liangshan. Child health messages were given by trained village child health assistants while distributing YYB. Surveys were conducted before and after the intervention to analyse changes in child health check‐up frequency, complementary feeding practice and prevalence of undernutrition. After the intervention, the proportion of children who had regular health check‐ups, who were vaccinated and who met the minimum YYB consumption significantly increased from 26.0%, 81.6%, and 67.8% to 59.7%, 95.0%, and 79.2%. Increased rates of IYCF indicators (introduction of solid, semisolid, or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity and consumption of iron‐rich or iron‐fortified foods) were observed after the intervention. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and anaemia significantly decreased from 26.3% to 10.8%, 13.4% to 8.7%, 14.0% to 10.5%, and 52.1% to 43.9%. This intervention can be well integrated into the YYB programme with less additional resources. Children in resource‐limited areas will benefit more from a comprehensive nutritional package, including food supplements and child health education. Key messages: Current evidence suggests there is a decrease in the prevalence of undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in China during recent decades. However, imbalanced development exists between rural and urban areas.Government‐funded Ying Yang Bao (YYB) programme has been implemented in poor rural areas across China covering over 800 counties, to decrease the risk of developing anaemia among children aged 6–23 months.After a child health counselling intervention jointly implemented with YYB programme, the prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and anaemia among children decreased significantly.Child health counselling intervention could be well integrated into the ongoing YYB programme to reach resource‐limited areas on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Changes in gene expression are associated with malignancy. Analysis of gene expression data could be used to reveal cancer subtypes, key molecular drivers, and prognostic characteristics and to predict cancer susceptibility, treatment response, and mortality. It has been reported that inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Our aim was to establish a risk signature model of breast cancer with inflammation-related genes (IRGs) to evaluate their survival prognosis., Methods: We downloaded 200 IRGs from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). The data of breast cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differential gene expression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Cox regression analysis, and overall survival (OS) analysis were used to construct a multiple-IRG risk signature. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out to annotate functions of the differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs) The predictive accuracy of the prognostic model was evaluated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Subsequently, nomograms were constructed to guide clinical application according to the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Eventually, we applied gene set variation analysis (GSVA), mutation analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and drug response analysis to compare the differences between high- and low-risk patients., Results: Totally, 65 DEIRGs were obtained after comparing 1,092 breast cancer tissues with 113 paracancerous tissues in TCGA. Among them, 11 IRGs ( IL18 , IL12B , RASGRP1 , HPN , CLEC5A , SCARF1 , TACR3 , VIP , CCL2 , CALCRL , ABCA1 ) were screened with nonzero coefficient by LASSO regression analysis to construct the prognostic model, which was validated in GSE96058.The 11-gene IRGs risk signature model stratified patients into high- or low-risk groups, with those in the low-risk group having longer survival time and less deaths. Multivariate Cox analysis manifested that risk score, age, and stage were the three independent prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. There were 12 pathways with higher activities and 24 pathways with lower activities in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group, yet no difference of gene mutation load was observed between the two groups. In immune infiltration analysis, we noted that the proportion of T cells showed a decreased trend according to the increase of risk score and most of the immune cells were enriched in the low-risk group. Inversely, macrophages M2 were more highly distributed in the high-risk group. We identified 67 approved drugs that showed a different effect between the high- and low-risk patients and the top 2 gene-drug pairs were IL12B -sunitinib and SCARF1 -ruxolitinib., Conclusions: The 11-IRG risk signature model is a promising tool to predict the survival of breast cancer patients and the expressions of IL12B and SCARF1 may serve as potential targets for therapy of breast cancer., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-24-215/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal dominant inherited arterial disease, with lacunar infarction resulting from intracranial small vessel lesions being the most prevalent clinical manifestation of CADASIL. However, large-scale cerebral infarction caused by intracranial non-small vessels occlusion is relatively uncommon, and reports of vascular intervention and long-term antiplatelet drug treatment for patients with CADASIL and large-scale cerebral infarction are rarer., Methods: We reported a 52 year-old male who experienced a significant cerebral infarction due to an occlusion in the second segment of the left middle cerebral artery, 4 months subsequent to being diagnosed with CADASIL. Following the benefit and risk assessment, the patient underwent intracranial vascular thrombectomy and balloon dilation angioplasty. Subsequently, he was administered dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 months, followed by mono antiplatelet therapy., Results: After undergoing intracranial vascular intervention and receiving antiplatelet therapy, significant improvement in the symptoms were observed. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score decreased from 6 to 2 points, and no bleeding lesions were detected on the head computed tomography during regular follow-up visits after discharge., Conclusion: Our case highlights the possibility that patients with CADASIL may also encounter extensive cerebral infarction resulting from stenosis or occlusion of intracranial non-small vessels. Considering the specific circumstances of the patient, intravascular intervention and antiplatelet therapy can be regarded as viable treatment options for individuals with CADASIL., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xiao, Ke, Cai, Xu and Chen.)

What is already known about this topic?, Symptoms of malnutrition including anemia, stunting, wasting, and being underweight among children remained one of the major public health problems in poorer areas in China. More research is needed to guide interventions to improve nutrition and health among children in low-income regions., What is added by this report?, The prevalences of anemia, stunting, wasting, and being underweight were 51.9%, 25.6%, 14.6%, and 9.5%, respectively, among children aged 6 to 24 months in the poorest areas of Liangshan. Associated factors were gender, age, education level and occupation of mother, breastfeeding, and caregiver knowledge., What are the implications for public health practice?, Improving caregiver knowledge of nutrition and child feeding practices is crucial to address malnutrition among children. These findings can help more precisely understand the child health needs in poorer areas in order to develop effective interventions. They also provide evidence-based information to formulate child health promotion strategies in other countries with similar situations., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2020.)