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To overcome current limitations in photoimmunotherapy, such as insufficient tumor antigen generation and a subdued immune response, a novel photo‐/metallo dual‐mode immunotherapeutic agent (PMIA) is introduced for potent near‐infrared (NIR) light‐triggered cancer therapy. PMIA features a dumbbell‐like AuPt heterostructure decorated with starry Pt nanoclusters, meticulously engineered for enhancing plasmonic catalysis through multi‐dimensional regulation of Pt growth on Au nanorods. Under NIR laser exposure, end‐tipped Pt nanoclusters induce efficient electron‐hole spatial separation along the longitudinal axis, resulting in radial and axial electron distribution polarization, conferring unique anisotropic properties to PMIA. Additionally, starry Pt nanoclusters on the sides of Au nanorods augment the local electron enrichment field. Validated through finite‐difference time‐domain analysis and Raman scattering, this configuration fosters local electron enrichment, facilitating robust reactive oxygen species generation for potent photoimmunotherapy. Moreover, Pt nanoclusters facilitate Pt2+ ion release, instigating intranuclear DNA damage and inducing synergistic immunogenic cell death (ICD) for metalloimmunotherapy. Consequently, PMIA elicits abundant danger‐associated molecular patterns, promotes T cell infiltration, and triggers systemic immune responses, effectively treating primary and distant tumors, inhibiting metastasis in vivo. This study unveils a pioneering dual‐mode ICD amplification strategy driven by NIR light, synergistically integrating photoimmunotherapy and metalloimmunotherapy, culminating in potent cancer photometalloimmunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the assembly of two complete sorghum genomes, BTx623 and Ji2055, which have corrected errors in the current reference genome and provided valuable insights into centromere variation. Sorghum is an important crop that serves as a staple food for millions of people and provides feed, fiber, and biofuel globally. The T2T assemblies were generated using advanced sequencing technologies and were found to be highly accurate and complete. These high-quality genomes can be used as reference genomes for further research and genetic improvement of sorghum. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. It is essential to identify new CRC-associated therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Previous studies have demonstrated that a series of circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in CRC pathogenesis. This study assessed the potential of hsa_circ_0064559 in tumor cell growth and progression of CRC. Methods: Six pairs of matched CRC and normal colorectal tissue samples were sequenced using the Affymetrix Clariom D array. Using RNA interference, the expression of thirteen circRNAs was knocked down in CRC cells. The proliferation of CRC cell lines (RKO and SW620 cells) was detected using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow-cytometric analysis. An in vivo study uses nude mice to establish a CRC mouse model. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed using Affymetrix primeview human GeneChip array and verified by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Affymetrix Clariom D array analysis revealed that thirteen circRNAs were upregulated in CRC. The proliferation of CRC cell lines was decreased, while the proportion of apoptotic and G1 phase cells was higher after hsa_circ_0064559 knockdown. In vivo xenograft nude mice model revealed that the volume and weight of the tumor were reduced by hsa_circ_0064559 knockdown. In Affymetrix primeview human GeneChip array, we found six upregulated genes (STAT1, ATF2, TNFRSF10B, TGFBR2, BAX, and SQSTM1) and two downregulated genes (SLC4A7 and CD274) related to apoptosis and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells after hsa_circ_0064559 knockdown. Conclusions: The hsa_circ_0064559 knockdown could inhibit the proliferation, promote apoptosis in CRC cell lines in vitro, and inhibit the development of CRC tumors in vivo. The mechanism may be related to activating a wide range of signaling pathways. The hsa_circ_0064559 may be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis or prognosis of CRC and a novel drug target for CRC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise structural control had attracted tremendous interest in nanosynthesis due to its great importance in tailoring the physical properties of nanomaterials. Here we report the synthesis of highly ordered CdS-Au-TiO2 ternary Janus structure via template-protected sequential growth and conversion method. Arising from the integration of the rectification effect of Au-CdS and Au-TiO2 Schottky barriers, the Janus configuration of the CdS-TiO2 domains, the plasmonic effect of Au nanosphere, and the Z-scheme charge transportation, the CdS-Au-TiO2 Janus structure showed high efficiency in the model photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. Importantly, the well-defined structural order allowed the identification of the correlation between the structure and the catalytic performance. We believe that the synthetic control and the mechanism insights would help the design and synthesis of sophisticated nanostructures, and would eventually promote their applications in photocatalysis fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening of absorbents is essential for improving the removal rate of carbon disulfide (CS2) waste air by absorption. In this work, the UNIFAC model in Aspen Plus was utilized to calculate the excess Gibbs function and absorption potential of the binary system of CS2 with various alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The results were used to quantitatively compare the efficiency of each solvent for CS2 absorption. The theoretical predictions were then verified by absorption experiments in a packed tower. The results showed that the performance of various solvents to CS2 roughly followed the order of esters < alcohols < amines < heavy aromatics < glycol ethers. Meanwhile, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is the optimal absorbent for CS2 waste air treatment. Additionally, the process parameters of absorption and desorption of NMP were optimized. The results illustrated that the average mass removal efficiency of CS2 by NMP is 95.2% under following conditions: liquid–gas ratio of 3.75 L·m−3, a temperature of 20 °C, and inlet concentration lower than 10,000 mg·m−3. Under the conditions of 115 °C, 10 kPa, and a desorption time of 45 min, the average desorption rate of CS2 is 99.6%, and the average water content after desorption is 0.39%. Furthermore, the recycled lean liquid can maintain an excellent CS2 purification effect during the recycling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of steganalysis, and to adapt to multi-dimensional input images, a variable size steganalysis model based on efficient feature fusion is proposed. In the preprocessing layer, the multi-dimensional convolution kernel initialized by the multi-order high pass filters of spatial rich model is added to the network learning to improve the convergence efficiency and detection performance of the model. In the feature extraction layer, based on the idea of feature fusion, two subnetworks composed of Ghost bottleneck layer, residual module and dense connection module are designed. Then, the output abstract steganographic features and nonlinear high-dimensional steganography features are fused to obtain the dependency information of steganographic features, which is conducive to enhance the feature expression ability of the model. The improved spatial pyramid pooling is used to adapt the variable size image samples and enrich the diversity of steganography features. Simulation results show that the model can correctly capture the key steganographic signals, and possesses high convergence efficiency. The detection accuracy of the WOW steganographic algorithm with embedding rate of 0.2 and 0.4 is 82.6% and 96.5%, respectively, and the detection accuracy of S-UNIWARD steganographic algorithm with embedding rate of 0.2 and 0.4 is 81.4% and 95.2%, which are significantly higher than that of SRM and YedroudjNet steganalysis model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) has been reported to be elevated in various tumors. However, it is unclear whether BAG3 has a functional role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we collected CRC samples and cell lines to validate the pathway by using gene and protein assays. RT-PCR showed that the expression of BAG3 mRNA in CRC tissues was obviously higher than that in non-tumor tissues ( p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that immunoreactivity of BAG3 was found in most CRC tissues and strongly correlated with TNM stage ( p = 0.001), differentiation ( p = 0.003), and metastasis ( p = 0.010). Low expression of BAG3 in HCT-8 significantly reduced cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion. The analysis of in vitro cell showed that HCT-8 cells were exposed to si-BAG3, and its growth was inhibited depending on modulation of cell cycle G1/S checkpoints and cell cycle regulators, involving cyclin D1, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1. Furthermore, suppression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by si-BAG3 is linked to the decreased expression of E-cadherin and the increased expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and MMP9. In conclusion, in the present study, we demonstrated that BAG3 overexpression plays a critical role in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer. Our data suggests targeted inhibition of BAG3 may be useful for patients with CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the manifestations of infectious mononucleosis and its impact on liver function in children., Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 695 children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) who were hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu First People's Hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. They were analyzed into two groups according to whether their ALT was greater than 40 U/L. Demographic variables, clinical features, and laboratory findings were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) 26., Results: A total of 695 children with infectious mononucleosis (IM)(409 males and 286 females) were included in the study. The age distribution was 161 infants (<3 years), 357 preschoolers (3-7 years), and 177 school-aged children (≥7 years). After clinical recovery, 61 cases had elevated liver enzymes. Asynchronous changes in AST and ALT were present in 18 children. The highest proportion of fever onset (75.2%) occurred in infancy (P = .00). Elevated AST, lymphocyte percentage and WBCs, age in school age, uncomplicated myocardial injury these were the risk factors for the development of liver injury in children with infectious mononucleosis. P values were .00, .048, .021, .000 and .002, respectively. 95% CIs were 65., 2-315.52, 1.01-3.48, 1.18- 7.37, 2.57-13.52 and 1.79-13.35, respectively., Conclusions: The clinical features vary with sex and age. Children with IM who are school-aged, without myocardial injury, and have elevated WBC, lymphocyte percentage, and AST should be monitored for potential liver damage. Careful evaluation is necessary following clinical recovery to determine if vaccination is appropriate.

Cultivated tomatoes exhibit cleistogamy - self-pollination within closed flowers. Wu et al. report that three HD-Zip IV genes and Style2.1 coordinately control anther trichome formation and style length to form closed anther cones that underpin the development of cleistogamy. Further exploration of causal variation and regulatory elements could provide targets for plant breeding., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Hybrid nanostructures have garnered considerable interest because of their fascinating properties owing to the hybridization of materials and their structural varieties. In this study, we report the synthesis of [Au@Rh(OH) 3 ]-Au island heterostructures using a seed-mediated sequential growth method. Through the thiol ligand-mediated interfacial energy, Au@Rh(OH) 3 core-shell structures with varying shell thicknesses were successfully obtained. On these Au@Rh(OH) 3 core-shell seeds, by modulating the diffusion of HAuCl 4 in the porous Rh(OH) 3 shell, site-specific growth of Au islands on the inner Au core or on the surface of the outer Rh(OH) 3 shell was successfully achieved. Consequently, two types of distinct structures, the Au island-on-[Au@Rh(OH) 3 ] dimer and Au island-Au bridge-[Au@Rh(OH) 3 ] dumbbell structures with thin necks were obtained. Further modulations of the growth kinetics led to the formation of Au plate-Au bridge-[Au@Rh(OH) 3 ] heterostructures with larger structural anisotropy. The flexible structural variations were demonstrated to be an effective means of modulating the plasmonic properties; the Au-Au heterostructures exhibited tunable localized surface plasmon resonance in the visible-near-infrared spectral region and can be used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates capable of emitting strong SERS signals. This diffusion-controlled growth of Au bridges in the Rh(OH) 3 shells (penetrating growth) is an interesting new approach for structural control, which enriches the tool box for colloidal nanosynthesis. This advancement in structural control is expected to create new approaches for colloidal synthesis of sophisticated nanomaterials, and eventually enable their extensive applications in various fields., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Ren, Wang, Xiao, Chen, Xu and Feng.)