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Abstract Cells, as the fundamental units of life, contain multidimensional spatiotemporal information. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is revolutionizing biomedical science by analyzing cellular state and intercellular heterogeneity. Undoubtedly, single-cell transcriptomics has emerged as one of the most vibrant research fields today. With the optimization and innovation of single-cell sequencing technologies, the intricate multidimensional details concealed within cells are gradually unveiled. The combination of scRNA-seq and other multi-omics is at the forefront of the single-cell field. This involves simultaneously measuring various omics data within individual cells, expanding our understanding across a broader spectrum of dimensions. Single-cell multi-omics precisely captures the multidimensional aspects of single-cell transcriptomes, immune repertoire, spatial information, temporal information, epitopes, and other omics in diverse spatiotemporal contexts. In addition to depicting the cell atlas of normal or diseased tissues, it also provides a cornerstone for studying cell differentiation and development patterns, disease heterogeneity, drug resistance mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Herein, we review traditional single-cell sequencing technologies and outline the latest advancements in single-cell multi-omics. We summarize the current status and challenges of applying single-cell multi-omics technologies to biological research and clinical applications. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of single-cell multi-omics and potential strategies to address them.

The Circular Electron–Positron Collider (CEPC) in China can also work as an excellent powerful synchrotron light source, which can generate high-quality synchrotron radiation. This synchrotron radiation has potential advantages in the medical field as it has a broad spectrum, with energies ranging from visible light to X-rays used in conventional radiotherapy, up to several megaelectronvolts. FLASH radiotherapy is one of the most advanced radiotherapy modalities. It is a radiotherapy method that uses ultra-high dose rate irradiation to achieve the treatment dose in an instant; the ultra-high dose rate used is generally greater than 40 Gy s−1, and this type of radiotherapy can protect normal tissues well. In this paper, the treatment effect of CEPC synchrotron radiation for FLASH radiotherapy was evaluated by simulation. First, a Geant4 simulation was used to build a synchrotron radiation radiotherapy beamline station, and then the dose rate that the CEPC can produce was calculated. A physicochemical model of radiotherapy response kinetics was then established, and a large number of radiotherapy experimental data were comprehensively used to fit and determine the functional relationship between the treatment effect, dose rate and dose. Finally, the macroscopic treatment effect of FLASH radiotherapy was predicted using CEPC synchrotron radiation through the dose rate and the above-mentioned functional relationship. The results show that the synchrotron radiation beam from the CEPC is one of the best beams for FLASH radiotherapy.

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Nowadays, owing to the complex mechanism of tumorigenesis, simultaneous inhibition of multiple targets is an important anticancer strategy. Recent studies have demonstrated receptor tyrosine kinase AXL (AXL) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) are closely associated with colorectal cancer. Herein, we identified five hit compounds concurrently targeting AXL and HDAC2 using virtual screening. Inhibitory experiments revealed these hit compounds potently inhibited AXL and HDAC2 in the nanomolar range. Among them, Hit-3 showed the strongest inhibitory effects which were better than that of the positive control groups. Additionally, MD assays showed that Hit-3 could bind stably to the AXL and HDAC2 active pockets. Further MTT assays demonstrated that Hit-3 showed potent anti-proliferative activity. Most importantly, Hit-3 exhibited significant in vivo antitumor efficacy in xenograft models. Collectively, this study is the first discovery of dual-targeting AXL/HDAC2 inhibitors for colorectal cancer treatment.

Abstract Background To compare the outcomes of hypospadias repair using tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty and modified TIP with lateral skin to widen the urethral plate (WTIP). Materials and methods Data were obtained from pre-pubertal boys who underwent primary hypospadias repair between May 2018 and July 2023. The cases were divided into two groups; one group underwent TIP with urethral plate ≥ 6 mm width and the other group with urethral plate width

This paper proposes a multi-domain multi-level (MDML) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) optical encryption transmission scheme based on memristor Rulkov neuron chaos. In this scheme, the masking factors generated by the memristor Rulkov neuron chaos are used to encrypt the information of the digital modulation process, so as to improve the anti-malicious attack performance of the system. Among them, the memristor unit constructs a simple discrete map to capture the complex nonlinear neuronal behavior, and the generated masking factors encrypt the data in the digital modulation process. In addition, the proposed scheme introduces the encryption depth control parameters (EDCP), which can make up for the information damage caused by the complexity of encryption. The selection of EDCP can not only encrypt the data, but also change the distribution of the uniformly distributed constellation points position, reduce the average power of the constellation points, and improve the transmission performance of the fiber communication system. A 9.41 Gb/s OFDM signal transmission over 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is experimentally demonstrated. The introduction of memristor Rulkov neurons makes the key space reach 10116. The introduction of the EDCP makes the key space expand 1036 times. When the bit error rate (BER) is 10−2, the receiving sensitivity of the EDCP with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 is 6 dB higher than that of the EDCP with 0.9, 0.3, 0.1. The results show that the encryption scheme can effectively resist illegal attacks and improve the security performance of the system.

This study investigates and evaluates methods for the three-dimensional thermohaline reconstruction of the Arctic Ocean using multi-source observational data. A multivariate statistical regression model based on sea ice seasonal variation is developed, driving by satellite data, and in situ data is used to validate the model output. The study indicates that the multivariate statistical regression model effectively captures the characteristics of the three-dimensional thermohaline structure of the Arctic Ocean. Areas with large reconstruction errors are primarily observed in the salinity values of ice-free regions and the temperature values of ice-covered regions. The statistical regression experiments reveal that salinity errors in ice-free regions are caused by inaccuracies in the satellite salinity data, while temperature errors in ice-covered areas mainly result from the inadequate representation of the under-ice temperature structure of the reanalysis data. The continuous and stable thermohaline data produced using near real-time satellite data as input provide an important foundation for studying Arctic marine environmental characteristics and assessing climate change.

Abstract The molecules of Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) load peptides and present them on the cell surface, which provided the immune system with the signal to detect and eliminate the infected or cancerous cells. In the context of cancer, owing to the crucial immune-regulatory roles played by MHC-I molecules, the abnormal modulation of MHC-I expression and function could be hijacked by tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance and attack, thereby promoting tumoral progression and impairing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here we reviewed and discussed the recent studies and discoveries related to the MHC-I molecules and their multidirectional functions in the development of cancer, mainly focusing on the interactions between MHC-I and the multiple participators in the tumor microenvironment and highlighting the significance of targeting MHC-I for optimizing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature and functioning mechanism of MHC-I in cancer.

Abstract The voltage source converter (VSC) interlinking AC and DC power networks is a core equipment in AC/DC hybrid power systems. To analyze the stability of this system based on the impedance method, it is necessary to establish the hybrid AC/DC admittance model of interlinking VSC. This paper presents a unified and systematic AC/DC hybrid admittance modelling framework which is widely applicable to different control methods of interlinking VSCs. The hybrid admittance models for interlinking VSCs under PQ control, VdcIq control, and Vf control are explicitly formulated, with their elements individually reflecting the dynamics of the AC side, DC side, and the interaction between them. Subsequently, the impedance network model of interlinking VSC systems is formulated based on the hybrid admittance, and furthermore the frequency‐domain modal analysis is performed to analyze the system oscillation stability. Finally, frequency scanning and time‐domain simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are provided to validate the effectiveness of the modelling and oscillation stability analysis method.

Counting shrimp larvae is an essential part of shrimp farming. Due to their tiny size and high density, this task is exceedingly difficult. Thus, we introduce an algorithm for counting densely packed shrimp larvae utilizing an enhanced You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) model through a regional segmentation approach. First, the C2f and convolutional block attention modules are used to improve the capabilities of YOLOv5 in recognizing the small shrimp. Moreover, employing a regional segmentation technique can decrease the receptive field area, thereby enhancing the shrimp counter’s detection performance. Finally, a strategy for stitching and deduplication is implemented to tackle the problem of double counting across various segments. The findings from the experiments indicate that the suggested algorithm surpasses several other shrimp counting techniques in terms of accuracy. Notably, for high-density shrimp larvae in large quantities, this algorithm attained an accuracy exceeding 98%.

Abstract Many different types of stem cells utilize asymmetric cell division (ACD) to produce two daughter cells with distinct fates. Haspin-catalyzed phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr3 (H3T3ph) plays important roles during mitosis, including ACD in stem cells. However, whether and how Haspin functions in ACD regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that Haspin knockout (Haspin-KO) mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) had increased ratio of ACD, which cumulatively regulates cell fate decisions. Furthermore, Wnt5a is significantly downregulated due to decreased Pax2 in Haspin-KO mESCs. Wnt5a knockdown mESCs phenocopied Haspin-KO cells while overexpression of Wnt5a in Haspin-KO cells rescued disproportionated ACD. Collectively, Haspin is indispensable for mESCs to maintain a balanced ratio of ACD, which is essential for normal development and homeostasis.

To ensure optimal use of images while preserving privacy, it is necessary to partition the shared image into public and private areas, with public areas being openly accessible and private areas being shared in a controlled and privacy-preserving manner. Current works only facilitate image-level sharing and use common cryptographic algorithms. To ensure efficient, controlled, and privacy-preserving image sharing at the area level, this paper proposes an image partition security-sharing mechanism based on blockchain and chaotic encryption, which mainly includes a fine-grained access control method based on Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) and an image-specific chaotic encryption scheme. The proposed fine-grained access control method employs smart contracts based on the ABAC model to achieve automatic access control for private areas. It employs a Cuckoo filter-based transaction retrieval technique to enhance the efficiency of smart contracts in retrieving security attributes and policies on the blockchain. The proposed chaotic encryption scheme generates keys based on the private areas' security attributes, largely reducing the number of keys required. It also provides efficient encryption with vector operation acceleration. The security analysis and performance evaluation were conducted comprehensively. The results show that the proposed mechanism has lower time overhead than current works as the number of images increases.

Abstract Genetic studies elucidate a link between testis-specific serine/threonine kinases (TSSKs) and male infertility in mammals, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we identify a TSSK homolog in Drosophila, CG14305 (termed dTSSK), whose mutation impairs the histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis and causes multiple phenotypic defects in nuclear shaping, DNA condensation, and flagellar organization in spermatids. Genetic analysis demonstrates that kinase catalytic activity of dTSSK, which is functionally conserved with human TSSKs, is essential for male fertility. Phosphoproteomics identify 828 phosphopeptides/449 proteins as potential substrates of dTSSK enriched primarily in microtubule-based processes, flagellar organization and mobility, and spermatid differentiation and development, suggesting that dTSSK phosphorylates various proteins to orchestrate postmeiotic spermiogenesis. Among them, the two substrates, protamine-like protein Mst77F/Ser9 and transition protein Mst33A/Ser237, are biochemically validated to be phosphorylated by dTSSK in vitro, and are genetically demonstrated to be involved in spermiogenesis in vivo. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that broad phosphorylation mediated by TSSKs plays an indispensable role in spermiogenesis.

Mitochondrial genomes are playing an increasingly important role in molluscan taxonomy, germplasm, and evolution studies. The first complete mitochondrial genome of the commercial big brown mactra clam, Mactra grandis, was characterized using Illumina next-generation sequencing in this study. The 17,289 bp circular genome has a typical gene organization of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs, with an obvious (A + T)-bias of 64.54%. All PCGs exhibited a homogeneous bias in nucleotide composition with a (A + T)-bias, a positive GC skew, and a negative AT skew. Results of phylogenetic analysis showed that Mactra grandis was most closely related to Mactra cygnus. The functional gene arrangement of the two species was identical but different from other Mactra species. The congeneric relationships among Mactra species were demonstrated by genetic distance analysis. Additionally, the selective pressure analysis suggested that cox1 was highly efficient for discriminating closely related species in genus Mactra, while nad2 was the most appropriate marker for population genetic analysis.

Sparse code multiplexing access (SCMA) is a new code-domain non-orthogonal technique in the fifth generation mobile communication (5G), which can improve the quality of single-user link by orthogonal chirp-chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) modulation. In this paper, a SCMA-OCDM multi-core fiber transmission system based on chaotic system is proposed for next-generation passive optical networks (PON). The whole encryption process includes chaotic codebook design and frequency domain time domain block scrambling. A 49.42 Gb/s encrypted OCDM signal transmission experiment is carried out over 2 km of 7-core fiber, and the results show that the key space of the newly proposed encryption scheme can be up to 10251, and the reception sensitivity of OCDM is 1.7 dB higher than that of OFDM when the BER is 3.8 × 10−3. In addition, the performance of the orthogonal hexagonal chaotic codebook transmission system is 2.5 dB better than that of traditional codebooks. This scheme can improve the security of encrypted information and system performance, and has a broad application prospect in future optical access networks.

A doppler delay-time frequency (DD-TF) cross-domain high-security transmission scheme based on orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is proposed, which is compatible with high-speed and large-capacity optical transmission systems. In this scheme, 36 sets of chaotic sequences are mapped out through a two-dimensional chaotic system with variable control parameters and variable initial values for optical physical layer encryption. The data modulated based on OTFS is encrypted by multiple sets of chaotic sequences, achieving cross-domain joint encryption in the DD domains and TF domains. This method improves security performance of the optical transmission system. An experiment is conducted, in which the encrypted 16- quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) OTFS signals over 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is achieved, and the key space is 101140 to effectively prevent malicious attacks from illegal Optical Network Units (ONUs). This key space is the reported maximum key space of the physical layer of two-dimensional chaotic systems. Compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) encryption scheme, this scheme obtains better transmission performance. It is shown that OTFS system with cyclic prefix (CP) of 1/16 obtains 2.1 dB gain than the OTFS system with CP of 1/32 in terms of receiver sensitivity when the bit error rate (BER) is 10-3. Due to its comprehensive advantages in error rate and security performance, this chaotic encryption based on OTFS has a high application prospect in low-cost and reliable optical access system.

In this article, a high-security three-dimensional (3D) probabilistic shaping optical transmission system based on prefix-free code distribution matching (PCDM) and Polar code joint coding is proposed. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the communication system is optimized by using the probabilistic shaping effect of PCDM and the strong correction performance of Polar code. Meantime the Logistic and Lorenz chaotic models are used to mask the constellation map for multiple times to ensure the security transmission of data. The experiment verifies the transmission of 28.64Gb/s encrypted PCDM encoded signals on 2km 7-core fiber. At a BER is 1×10-3, the encrypted PCDM encoded signals improve the BER performance about 3dB compared to the conventional unencrypted 3D 32QAM signals. In terms of security performance, the key space of the proposed encryption scheme is up to 10119, and the BER of the illegal receiver is more than 0.4. The experimental results show that the proposed chaotic optical transmission scheme based on the joint encoding of PCDM and Polar can effectively improve the BER and security performance, which is a promising optical communication transmission scheme.

Significant Wave Height (SWH) is a crucial parameter in ocean wave dynamics, impacting coastal safety, maritime transportation, and meteorological research. Building upon the TimesNet neural network, a recent advancement in the realm of time series prediction in deep learning, this study proposes an integrated approach combining Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) with TimesNet, introducing the EMD-TimesNet model for SWH forecasting. The TimesNet model’s multidimensional spatial mapping guarantees effective historical information extraction, while the EMD approach makes it easier to decompose subsequence characteristics inside the original SWH data. The predicted Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Correlation Coefficient (CC) values of the EMD-TimesNet model are 0.0494 m and 0.9936; 0.0982 m and 0.9747; and 0.1573 m and 0.9352 at 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h, respectively. The results indicate that the EMD-TimesNet model outperforms existing models, including the TimesNet, Autoformer, Transformer, and CNN-BiLSTM-Attention models, both in terms of overall evaluation metrics and prediction performance for diverse sea states. This integrated model represents a promising advancement in enhancing the accuracy of SWH predictions.

IntroductionSelf-insertion of foreign bodies in the urethra is an infrequent occurrence in children, and their management aims to minimize urethral morbidity. Endoscopic removal presents a significant challenge, particularly in boys. Currently, there are few reports on laparoscopic management of urethral foreign bodies that have migrated to the pelvic cavity.Case descriptionAn 11-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with complaints of increased frequency of micturition and dysuria. A sharp sewing needle was discovered lodged in the posterior urethra mucosa during cystoscopy. Attempts to remove the needle using an endoscopic grasping forceps were unsuccessful due to the forceps' weak biting power. During a digital rectal examination, the needle migrated into the pelvic region, wedged between the prostatic urethra and the rectal ampulla. After careful inspection of the peritoneal reflection over the fundus of the bladder, the needle was identified and successfully removed through laparoscopy without any complications. Psychiatric counseling was advised for this patient, who was in good condition during an 8-week follow-up.ConclusionsOur case demonstrates the first recorded use of laparoscopy to remove a self-inserted urethral needle that had migrated into the pelvic region, after failed attempts at endoscopic extraction. Future cases may benefit from considering laparoscopic interventions for similar circumstances.

BackgroundTo observe the postoperative recovery following ureteral dilation in primary obstructive megaureter (POM) after ureteral implantation, and evaluate the risk factors affecting ureter diameter resolution.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was performed in patients with POM who underwent ureteral reimplantation using the Cohen procedure. Patient characteristics, perioperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were also analysed. A widest ureteral diameter of

Abstract With the rapid development of in-vehicle electronic technology and artificial intelligence, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology, as an effective integration of the two, greatly reduces the probability of road traffic accidents. However, the current IoV system is not perfect for the control process of abnormal vehicles. Therefore, to strengthen the management and control of abnormal vehicles in the IoV, it is extremely necessary to propose a method for interfering with IoV signals. Among the current popular intelligent interference methods, most of them rely on the prior knowledge of the signal. However, prior knowledge is difficult to obtain in practical applications. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the current communication interference technology, this study introduces intelligent interference into the signal processing technology of the IoV. When the service provider identifies abnormal signals, the intelligent interference method can be used to achieve precise interference for a single target and then realize the control of the IoV signals. This study proposes an interference waveform generation technology based on convolutional autoencoders. The convolutional autoencoder was used to change the features on the fully connected layer to generate an interference waveform that is very similar to the received signal waveform. The simulation results show that the interference waveform generation technology proposed in this study can make the bit error rate (BER) reach 38.4% within the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) from − 10 to − 15 dB.

In this study, a global analysis and forecasting system at 1/12° is built for operational oceanography at the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center (NMEFC) by using the NEMO ocean model (NMEFC-NEMO). First, statistical analysis methods are designed to evaluate the performance of sea level anomaly (SLA) forecasting. The results indicate that the NMEFC-NEMO performs well in SLA forecasting when compared with the Mercator-PSY4, Mercator-PSY3, UK-FOAM, CONCEPTS-GIOPS and Bluelink-OceanMAPS forecasting systems. The respective root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) of NMEFC-NEMO (Mercator PSY4) are 0.0654 m (0.0663 m) and 0.0797 m (0.0767 m) for the lead times of 1 and 7 days. The anomaly correlation coefficients between forecasting and observations exceed 0.8 for the NMEFC-NEMO and Mercator-PSY4 systems, suggesting that the accuracy of SLA predicted using NMEFC-NEMO is comparable to Mercator PSY4 and superior to other forecasting systems. Moreover, the global spatial distribution of oceanic eddies are effectively represented in NMEFC-NEMO when compared to that in the HYCOM reanalysis, and the detection rate reaches more than 90% relative to HYCOM reanalysis. Regarding the strong eddies in the Kuroshio region, the NMEFC-NEMO reproduces the characteristic for anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies merging and splitting alternatively. As for the detective eddies in the Gulf Stream, NMEFC-NEMO effectively represents the spatial distribution of mesoscale eddies from different seasons. The amplitude of oceanic eddies, including both cyclones and anticyclones, were much stronger on 1 July 2019 than 1 January 2019. Overall, NMEFC-NEMO has a superior performance in SLA forecasting and effectively represents the oceanic mesoscale eddies for operational oceanography.

In this study, a global-ocean-data-assimilation system based on the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) scheme is built for operational oceanography. The available observations include satellite altimetry; the satellite-measured sea-surface temperature (SST); and T/S profiles from Argo floats, which are assimilated to provide the initial condition of the global-ocean forecasting. The statistical analysis methods are designed to assess the performance of the data-assimilation scheme, and the results show that the analysis SST fields agree well with OSTIA and MGDSST, and the corresponding root-mean-square errors are, respectively, 0.523 and 0.548 °C. Moreover, the analysis sea-surface-height fields are well represented at the middle and low latitudes and have a slightly greater difference in the regions with strong mesoscale eddies. The variations in the vertical distribution of the forecasting temperature profiles resemble those of the GTS buoy observation. The forecasting salinity profiles correspond well to GTS observations, except with a weaker cold bias between the depths 100 and 200 m (about 0.2 PSU) at buoy station 2901494. Overall, our 3DVAR assimilation system plays a significant role in improving the accuracy of analysis and forecasting fields for operational oceanography.

Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a malignant neoplasm with high incidence, is a severe global public health threat. The current modalities used for treating ESCC include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Although ESCC management and treatment strategies have improved over the last decade, the overall 5-year survival rate remains

This paper proposes a high-security physical layer encryption scheme for sparse code multiple access filter bank multi-carrier (SCMA-FBMC) in weakly coupled four-mode fiber. Due to the multiplexing of four modes and the overload of SCMA, the number of users connected by the proposed method is increased by six times. To improve the security of the SCMA-FBMC system, the Logistic mapping parameters are employed as the public key that is distributed to all users and is utilized for frequency masking to protect against illegal receivers' attacks. The 6D Duffing_Lu model acts as a private key of optical network units (ONUs) to prevent other ONUs from eavesdropping. A 60 Gb/s (4 × 15 Gb/s) encrypted SCMA-FBMC signal transmission over 5 km weakly coupled four-mode fiber is experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results show that there is no discernible difference in the signal's bit error rate (BER) performance before and after encryption. The sensitivity between different ONUs is less than 0.5 dB. In addition, the proposed scheme's key space can reach up to 10110, which effectively guarantee the physical layer security of the system. This scheme has application prospects in future short-distance optical access due to the growing number of connections and good security performance.

Limited flight distance and time is a common problem for multicopters. We propose a method for finding the optimal speed and sideslip angle of a multicopter flying a given path to achieve either the longest flight distance or time. Since flight speed and sideslip are often free variables in multicopter path planning, they can be changed without changing the mission. The proposed method is based on a novel multivariable extremum seeking controller with adaptive step size, which is inspired by recent work from the machine learning community on stochastic optimization. Our method (a) does not require a power consumption model of the vehicle, (b) is computationally efficient and runs on low-cost embedded computers in real-time, and (c) converges faster than the standard extremum seeking controller with constant step size. We prove the stability of this approach and validate it through outdoor experiments. The method is shown to converge with different payloads and in the presence of wind. Compared to flying at the maximum achievable speed in the experiments with a uniformly selected random sideslip angle, flying at the optimal range speed and sideslip on average increases the flight range by 14.3% without payload and 19.4% with a box payload. In addition, compared to hovering, flying at the optimal endurance speed and sideslip increases the flight time by 7.5% without payload and 14.4% with a box payload. A video can be found at https://youtu.be/aLds8LVfogk

In this paper, transmission of orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) based on asymmetric pair mapping over a seven core fiber is proposed. High-order 32 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is reduced to quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 8 QAM signal employing asymmetric pair mapping, which will not affect the rate of the system. Combined with geometric shaping (GS), the average transmission power is successfully lowered, realizing signal damage suppression. In order to verify the performance of the proposed asymmetric pair mapping scheme, a 140 Gb/s asymmetric pair mapping OCDM signal transmission over 2 km seven core fiber is experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results show that the proposed transmission scheme has the best performance when the power distribution ratio (PDR) is 4 dB. Meanwhile, compared with GS 32 QAM with QPSK+rectangle 8 QAM, GS 32 QAM with QPSK+star 8 QAM and GS 32 QAM, the proposed asymmetric pair mapping OCDM signal has improved by 1.55 dB, 1.45 dB, and 0.7 dB, respectively. It has a wide range of applications in the future optical transmission system due to its outstanding performance in the suppression of high-order modulation signal degradation.

In this paper, a high-security three-dimensional carrier-less amplitude-phase (3D-CAP) modulation is proposed, which can be used for short-distance multi-core fiber communication. Using a brand-new 3D constellation dubbed Triple-Decker, the 3D-CAP passive optical network's bit error rate (BER) performance is improved. This constellation's constellation figure of merit can be increased by changing the three-dimensional constellation distribution through geometric shaping. To provide constellation encryption for Triple-Decker by rotation, expansion, and time slot scrambling at the physical layer in 3D-CAP passive optical network (3D-CAP-PON), a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system known as Fu's model is utilized. We successfully carried out an experiment demonstrating 25.5 Gb/s 3D-CAP transmission over a 7-core fiber communication system. Experimental results illustrate that, compared to the traditional 3D constellation, our suggested scheme can obtain 0.6 dB receiving sensitivity gain at the BER∼1 × 10−3. The achieved key space is 10120. Due to its strong security and superior performance, this scheme has a promising future in short-distance secure communication.

Visual inertial odometry (VIO) is widely used for the state estimation of multicopters, but it may function poorly in environments with few visual features or in overly aggressive flights. In this work, we propose a perception-aware collision avoidance trajectory planner for multicopters, that may be used with any feature-based VIO algorithm. Our approach can fly the vehicle to a goal position at high speed, avoiding obstacles in an unknown stationary environment while achieving good VIO state estimation accuracy. The proposed planner samples a group of minimum jerk trajectories and finds collision-free trajectories among them, which are then evaluated based on their speed to the goal and perception quality. Both the motion blur of features and their locations are considered for the perception quality. Our novel consideration of the motion blur of features enables automatic adaptation of the trajectory’s aggressiveness under environments with different light levels. The best trajectory from the evaluation is tracked by the vehicle and is updated in a receding horizon manner when new images are received from the camera. Only generic assumptions about the VIO are made, so that the planner may be used with various existing systems. The proposed method can run in real-time on a small embedded computer on board. We validated the effectiveness of our proposed approach through experiments in both indoor and outdoor environments. Compared to a perception-agnostic planner, the proposed planner kept more features in the camera’s view and made the flight less aggressive, making the VIO more accurate. It also reduced VIO failures, which occurred for the perception-agnostic planner but not for the proposed planner. The ability of the proposed planner to fly through dense obstacles was also validated. The experiment video can be found at https://youtu.be/qO3LZIrpwtQ.

The power industry is a basic industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood and has important strategic value.It has obvious characteristics of technology and capital intensiveness.In recent years, there has been fruitful scientific and technological achievements which have won many national science and technology awards in this industry.Three typical areas were selected: the UHV transmission technology, the safety and operation technology of the large power grid and the new energy technologyto elaborate the strong technical vitality, the international influence, the talent cultivation ability and the industrial driving capabilities of the award-winning projects.It was fully verified the National Awards have a strong role in promoting the power industry and the technological innovation can effectively promote the collaborative innovation and development of power grid technology, and it is of great significance to support China to achieve “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” as soon as possible.

The histone H4 basic patch is critical for chromatin structure and regulation of the chromatin machinery. However, the biological roles of these positively charged residues and the mechanisms by which they regulate gene expression remain unclear. In this study, we used histone mutagenesis to investigate the physiological function and downstream regulatory genes of H4 residues R17 and R19 in Drosophila. We found all histone mutations including R17A/E/H and R19A/E/H (R17 and R19 of H4 are substituted by A, E and H respectively) result in a range of growth defects and abnormalities in chromosomal high-order structures, whereas R17E mutation is embryonic lethal. RNA-seq demonstrates that downregulated genes in both R17A and R19A show significant overlap and are enriched in development-related pathways. In addition, Western and cytological analyses showed that the R17A mutation resulted in a significant reduction in H4K16 acetylation and male offspring, implying that the R17 may be involved in male dosage compensation mechanisms. R19 mutation on the other hand strongly affect Gpp (Dot1 homologue in flies)-mediated H3K79 methylation, possibly through histone crosstalk. Together these results provide insights into the differential impacts of positive charges of H4 basic patch R17/R19 on regulation of gene transcription during developmental processes.

In this paper, a high-security probabilistic constellation shaping transmission scheme based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is proposed, in which the constellation point probabilistic distribution is generated based on recurrent neural network training. A 4D biplane fractional-order chaotic system is introduced to ensure the security performance of the system. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified in a 2 km seven-core optical transmission system. The RNN-trained probabilistic shaping scheme achieves a transmission gain of 1.23 dB compared to the standard 16QAM signal, 0.39 dB compared to the standard Maxwell-Boltzmann (M-B) distribution signal, and a higher net bit rate. The proposed encryption scheme has higher randomness and security than the conventional integer-order chaotic system, with a key space of 10,163. This scheme will have a promising future fiber optic transmission scheme because it combines the efficient transmission and security of fiber optic transmission systems.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), relying on wireless communication, are inevitably influenced by the complex electromagnetic environment, attributed to the development of wireless communication technology. The modulation information of signals can assist in identifying device information and interference in the environment, which is significant for UAV communication environment monitoring. Therefore, in scenarios involving the communication of UAVs, it is necessary to find out how to perform the spectrum monitoring method to obtain the modulation information. Most existing methods are unsuitable for scenarios where multiple signals appear in the same spectrum sequence or do not use an end-to-end structure. Firstly, we established a spectrum dataset to simulate the UAV communication environment and developed a label method. Then, detection networks were employed to extract the presence and location information of signals in the spectrum. Finally, decision-level fusion was used to combine the output results of multiple nodes. Five modulation types, including ASK, FSK, 16QAM, DSB-SC, and SSB, were used to simulate different signal sources in the communication environment. Accuracy, recall, and F1 score were used as evaluation metrics. The networks were tested at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Among the different modulation types, FSK exhibits the most stable recognition performance across different models. The proposed method is of great significance for wireless radio spectrum monitoring in complex electromagnetic environments and is adaptable to scenarios where multiple receivers are used in vast terrains, providing a deep learning-based approach to radio monitoring solutions for UAV communication.

To address the issue of current garbage cleanup vessels being limited to performing garbage cleaning operations in the ocean, without the capability of transferring the garbage from the ocean to the land, this paper presents a spiral-propulsion amphibious intelligent robot for land garbage cleaning and sea garbage cleaning. The design solution is as follows. A mechanical structure based on a spiral drum is proposed. The interior of the spiral drum is hollow, providing buoyancy, allowing the robot to travel both on marshy, tidal flats and on the water surface, in conjunction with underwater thrusters. Additionally, a mechanical-arm shovel is designed, which achieves two-degrees-of-freedom movement through a spiral spline guide and servo, facilitating garbage collection. Our experimental results demonstrated that the robot exhibits excellent maneuverability in marine environments and on beach, marsh, and tidal flat areas, and that it collects garbage effectively.

In order to figure out the associated underlying dynamical processes of the 2014–2015 warming event, we used the ECCO (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean) reanalysis from 1993 to 2016 and two combined scatterometers, QuikSCAT and ASCAT, to analysis hydrodynamic condition and ocean heat budget balance process in the equatorial tropical pacific. The spatiotemporal characteristics of that warming event were revealed by comparing the results with a composite El Niño. The results showed that the significant differences between the 2014 and 2015 warming periods were the magnitudes and positions of the equatorial easterly wind anomalies during the summer months. The abruptly easterly wind anomalies of 2014 that spread across the entire equatorial Pacific triggered the upwelling of the equatorial Kelvin waves and pushed the eastern edge of the warm pool back westward. These combined effects caused abrupt decreases in the sea surface temperatures (SST) and upper ocean heat content (OHC) and damped the 2014 warming process into an El Niño. In addition, the ocean budget of the upper 300 m of the El Niño 3.4 region showed that different dynamical processes were responsible for different warming phases. For example, at the beginning of 2014 and 2015, the U advection and subsurface processes played dominant roles in the positive ocean heat content tendency. During the easterly wind anomalies period of 2014, the U advection process mainly caused a negative tendency and halted the development of the warming phase. In regard to the easterly wind anomalies of 2015, the U advection and subsurface processes were weaker negatively when compared with that in 2014. However, the V advection processes were consistently positive, taking a leading role in the positive trends observed in the middle of 2015.

Post-transcriptional RNA modification occurs on all types of RNA and plays a vital role in regulating every aspect of RNA function. Thanks to the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, transcriptome-wide profiling of RNA modifications has been made possible. With the accumulation of a large number of high-throughput datasets, bioinformatics approaches have become increasing critical for unraveling the epitranscriptome. We review here the recent progress in bioinformatics approaches for deciphering the epitranscriptomes, including epitranscriptome data analysis techniques, RNA modification databases, disease-association inference, general functional annotation, and studies on RNA modification site prediction. We also discuss the limitations of existing approaches and offer some future perspectives.

In this paper, a high-security chaos encryption with dynamic probability for 16-carrier-less amplitude/phase (CAP) PON is proposed by using two-layer chaos map with feedforward neural network-based XOR operator (FNNXOR). The inner chaotic map is divided into several time slots, and the key of each time slot is different and dynamically allocated by outer layer of 2-dimensional logistic adjusted sine (2D-LASM) map. And the 16-CAP signal is encrypted by (CCDM) and XOR operator to realize dynamic probability and flexible rate. The ONU checks out and compares the hash value sent by OLT, so as to achieve slot synchronization. A 4 Gb/s multi-slot chaos encrypted 16-CAP signal with dynamic probability is transmitted through a 25-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF). The proposed scheme has a high anti-hacking capability and good performance under key leakage. Compared with conventional chaos encrypted 16-CAP signals, the probabilistic shaped signals exhibit better tolerance towards low received optical power. These experimental results verify that the proposed approach is a promising candidate for encryption in access network systems.

An on-off keying (OOK) to quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) format conversion scheme has been demonstrated in this paper. Two-channel OOK signals are converted into one-channel QPSK signal, and accompanied with a multicast function. The proposed scheme is based on a cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) configuration where the processes of cross phase modulation (XPM) and nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) are properly controlled by OOK signals in each SOA. The experimental results show that after conversion, four-channel QPSK signals are successfully obtained with open eye-diagrams, and all the converted signals experience a small power penalty of less than 3.4 dB at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-9 compared to the original signal. In addition, the optical spectra and the constellation diagrams of the converted signal also indicate the high quality performance exhibited by the proposed format conversion scheme.

A novel few-mode multi-core (FMMC) optical fiber transmission system based on probabilistic shaping (PS) with low complexity multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) equalization method is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. Compared with the traditional FMMC counterpart, the total bit error rate (BER) is reduced by 3 times after 50km fiber transmission with the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in the range of 12 to 20 dB. At a bit error rate of forward error correction (FEC) limit, the optical transmission system proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional one by at least 3dB OSNR improvement. When the OSNR is 20 dB and the BER is lower than the FEC limit, the transmission distance is doubled.

We firstly propose a novel flexible multi-rate passive optical network (PON) employing ladder-type probabilistic shaping (PS) to enable adjustable and flexible multi-rate access without changing the modulation formats. We experimentally demonstrate a ladder-type PS PON with 64-ary carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP-64) modulation in an intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) system over 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The results verify that the proposed method can implement a rate flexible access even when the splitting ratio of power splitter changes dynamically.

A security-enhanced three-dimensional carrier-less amplitude phase passive optical network (3D-CAP-PON) based on two-stage spherical constellation masking is proposed in this paper, where Chua's circuit map and one-dimensional Logistic map are jointly applied to implement rotation-based and scaling-based 3D-constellation masking. The rotation masking converts the constellation into two spherical layers with different radii, while the scaling masking leads to a hollow sphere with thick wall. The dimensional expansion of the constellation, combined with the joint adoption of two chaotic models, enable more flexibility and security for constellation encryption. And the key space of the proposed scheme is 1.2 × 1073 when taking only initial values and step lengths of chaotic models into consideration. A 4 Gb/s encrypted 3DCAP-16 signal transmission over 25 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) is experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively protect the system from any illegal optical network unit (ONU) attack, proving to be a promising candidate for future physically secure 3D-CAP-PON.

An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) interconnected transmission system employing joint modulation of variable-order constellation compression and probabilistic shaping is proposed in this paper. In the proposed system, constant composition distribution matcher (CCDM) is utilized to implement probabilistic shaping, and fixed symbol-level label method is adopted to achieve the constellation compression. The coded modulation schemes can be adjusted dynamically according to the diversified traffic requirement of the users, in a bid to enhance the network utilization and provide effective end-to-end services. So far, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that probabilistic shaping and constellation compression modulation have been simultaneously applied to an interconnection system to achieve real-time self-tuning of transmission performances. Moreover, experimental verifications are successfully carried out by setting up a 25 km intensity-modulation/direct-detection interconnection transmission system. The results show lower bit error rate with flexible coding capability, indicating a high-potential transmission solution for the future optical communication.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are the two major types of esophageal cancer (EC). ESCC accounts for 90% of EC. Recurrence after primary treatment is the main reason for poor survival. Therefore, recurrence prevention is a promising strategy for extending the 5-year survival rate. Here, we found tegaserod maleate could inhibit ESCC proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Proteomics analysis revealed that tegaserod maleate suppressed the peroxisome signaling pathway, in which the key molecules peroxisome membrane protein 11B (PEX11B) and peroxisome membrane protein 13 (PEX13) were downregulated. The immunofluorescence, catalase activity assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) confirmed that downregulation of these proteins was related to impaired peroxisome function. Furthermore, we found that PEX11B and PEX13 were highly expressed in ESCC, and knockout of PEX11B and PEX13 further demonstrated the antitumor effect of tegaserod maleate. Importantly, tegaserod maleate repressed ESCC tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in vivo. Our findings conclusively demonstrated that tegaserod maleate inhibits the proliferation of ESCC by suppressing the peroxisome pathway.

Abstract Background Over one hundred different types of post-transcriptional RNA modifications have been identified in human. Researchers discovered that RNA modifications can regulate various biological processes, and RNA methylation, especially N6-methyladenosine, has become one of the most researched topics in epigenetics. Results To date, the study of epitranscriptome layer gene regulation is mostly focused on the function of mediator proteins of RNA methylation, i.e., the readers, writers and erasers. There is limited investigation of the functional relevance of individual m6A RNA methylation site. To address this, we annotated human m6A sites in large-scale based on the guilt-by-association principle from an RNA co-methylation network. It is constructed based on public human MeRIP-Seq datasets profiling the m6A epitranscriptome under 32 independent experimental conditions. By systematically examining the network characteristics obtained from the RNA methylation profiles, a total of 339,158 putative gene ontology functions associated with 1446 human m6A sites were identified. These are biological functions that may be regulated at epitranscriptome layer via reversible m6A RNA methylation. The results were further validated on a soft benchmark by comparing to a random predictor. Conclusions An online web server m6Acomet was constructed to support direct query for the predicted biological functions of m6A sites as well as the sites exhibiting co-methylated patterns at the epitranscriptome layer. The m6Acomet web server is freely available at: www.xjtlu.edu.cn/biologicalsciences/m6acomet.

In this paper, for the first time, a novel multi-level constellation compression modulation (MCCM) is proposed and applied for generalized frequency division multiplexing passive optical network (GFDM-PON). The principle of the proposed MCCM is to transfer the constellation points of the outer circle to the ones of the inner circle with different probabilities, thereby significantly reducing the average transmitted power. Also, by dynamically adjusting the compression factor, MCCM can also achieve different types of constellations to accommodate various scenarios of optical fiber transmission. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed coded modulation technology and its transmission performance, a GFDM-PON system is set up based on intensity-modulation and direct-detection. The experimental results indicate not only that one-level constellation compression modulation (CCM) is superior to the conventional modulation technology, but also two-level CCM can significantly reduce the bit error ratio (BER) of the system. When the transmission performance is unfavorable, the system BER can be further reduced by the enhanced CCM. Therefore, the system based on the proposed MCCM technology can meet different access scenarios with robust adaptability and scalability.

This paper proposes a novel probabilistically shaped carrierless amplitude/phase (CAP) modulation method employing multiple subsets mapping with symbol classification for a short reach communication. This method can classify the original data into multiple subsets of symbols carrying different amounts of bits, and then, map the symbols with different probabilities in the subsets to the different regions of the constellation to reduce the average signal power, thus improving the system bit error rate (BER) performance. An experiment demonstrating 21.8 Gb/s PS-CAP-12 data transmission employing the proposed method over 25 km standard single-mode fiber is successfully carried out. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional CAP-16 modulation by 2 dB improvement in receiver sensitivity at a BER of 1 × 10-3, which suggests the superiority of our proposed scheme for a future short reach communication.

We propose a filter bank multi-carriers (FBMC) passive optical network (PON) system based on 2-D multiple probabilistic shaping (MPS) distribution to achieve flexible and adjustable access bit-rates. The proposed PON can assign different probabilistic shaping schemes to different time-slots and subcarriers, thus improving the system flexibility and adjustability in both the time and frequency domains. Carrier-less amplitude and phase modulation are adopted to achieve the implementation of the intensity-modulation and direct-modulation applied in our proposed PON system. Moreover, for the first time, an experiment demonstrating MPS FBMC signal transmission over a 25-km standard single mode fiber in PON system is successfully carried out to verify the favorable performance. The bit error rate performance of different MPS time-slots at bit-rates of 23.665, 20.663, 17.666, and 15.481 Gbit/s are investigated. The received optical powers at the threshold for hard-decision forward error correction are −16.13, −16.94, −17.85, and −18.81 dBm, respectively. These experiment results indicate that our proposed MPS FBMC PON system can be flexible and adjustable in acquiring different and dynamic access bit-rates, which suggests a prospective solution for the next generation passive optical network.

The two-layer distributed control architecture, including the microgrid (MG) control layer and MG cluster (MGC) control layer, can be used for interconnecting multiple MGs to form the MGC. However, the coupling among multiple elements and the interaction between two control layers may introduce new low-damping oscillatory modes and even reduce the stability margin. Unfortunately, the detailed small-signal stability analysis and stability enhancement method of the MGC with the two-layer distributed control strategy have not been reported. To fill this gap, this paper first presents a unified small-signal dynamic model of the MGC. Subsequently, a comprehensive small-signal stability analysis based on the model is presented to analyze: 1) the mechanism of coupling/interaction among MGs and multiple control layers; 2) the participation factors of the low-damping modes; and 3) the sensitivity of the distributed control parameters. Moreover, the design of the distributed control parameters is formulated as an optimization problem, where the particle swarm optimization is employed to search for an optimal combination of parameters to enhance system stability. Finally, the stability assessment and time-domain simulation are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

We first propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical multi-carrier generation system based on probabilistic shaping, which can dynamically modify the frequency and probability in the time and frequency domains. In this paper, the variability of the adjustable crystal oscillator is used to realize the dynamic adjustment of local vibration frequency and the change of the frequency of optical millimeter wave (MMW). On the other hand, the multi-probability mapping is carried out through probability shaping. In this way, the MMW with multiple frequencies and probabilities is obtained. The frequency-hopping multi-carriers are generated into three groups by using 20, 25, and 30 GHz as the local frequency and the BER of 20, 40, and 60 GHz under a different information entropy (3.15, 3.3, 3.45, 3.6, 3.75 and 3.9 bits/symbol) are measured. Through quadrature amplitude modulation, the transmission rate of 40 Gb/s can be realized. The experimental results indicate that the scheme has the advantages of higher flexibility and low cost, which can be applied to the approaching era of the fifth generation (5G) and the development of super 5G in the future.