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We aimed to quantify the impact of each vaccine strategy (including the P3-inactivated vaccine strategy [1968-1987], the SA 14-14-2 live-attenuated vaccine strategy [1988-2007], and the Expanded Program on Immunization [EPI, 2008-2020]) on the incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in regions with different economic development levels.The JE incidence in mainland China from 1961 to 2020 was summarized by year, then modeled and analyzed using an interrupted time series analysis.After the P3-inactivated vaccine was used, the JE incidence in Eastern China, Central China, Western China and Northeast China in 1968 decreased by 39.80 % (IRR = 0.602, P 0.001), 7.80 % (IRR = 0.922, P 0.001), 10.80 % (IRR = 0.892, P 0.001) and 31.90 % (IRR = 0.681, P 0.001); the slope/trend of the JE incidence from 1968 to 1987 decreased by 30.80 % (IRR = 0.692, P 0.001), 29.30 % (IRR = 0.707, P 0.001), 33.00 % (IRR = 0.670, P 0.001) and 41.20 % (IRR = 0.588, P 0.001). After the SA 14-14-2 live-attenuated vaccine was used, the JE incidence in Eastern China and Northeast China in 1988 decreased by 2.60 % (IRR = 0.974, P = 0.009) and 14.70 % (IRR = 0.853, P 0.001); the slope/trend of the JE incidence in Eastern China and Central China from 1988 to 2007 decreased by 4.60 % (IRR = 0.954, P 0.001) and 4.70 % (IRR = 0.953, P 0.001). After the EPI was implemented, the JE incidence in Eastern China, Central China and Western China in 2008 decreased by 10.50 % (IRR = 0.895, P = 0.013), 18.00 % (IRR = 0.820, P 0.001) and 24.20 % (IRR = 0.758, P 0.001), the slope/trend of the JE incidence in Eastern China from 2008 to 2020 decreased by 17.80 % (IRR = 0.822, P 0.001).Each vaccine strategy has different effects on the JE incidence in regions with different economic development. Additionally, some economically underdeveloped regions have gradually become the main areas of the JE outbreak. Therefore, mainland China should provide economic assistance to areas with low economic development and improve JE vaccination plans in the future to control the epidemic of JE.

This paper aims to study the cumulative lag effect of meteorological factors on brucellosis incidence and the prediction performance based on Random Forest model. The monthly number of brucellosis cases and meteorological data from 2015 to 2019 in Yongchang of Gansu Province, northwest China, were used to build distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). The number of brucellosis cases of lag 1 month and meteorological data from 2015 to 2018 were used to build RF model to predict the brucellosis incidence in 2019. Meanwhile, SARIMA model was established to compare the prediction performance with RF model according to R

Background: Clinical studies show that the most common single-point mutation in humans, ALDH2 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) rs671 mutation, is a risk factor for the development and poor prognosis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Apoptotic cells are phagocytosed and eliminated by macrophage efferocytosis during atherosclerosis, and enhancement of arterial macrophage efferocytosis reduces atherosclerosis development. Methods: Plaque areas, necrotic core size, apoptosis, and efferocytosis in aortic lesions were investigated in APOE −/− mice with bone marrow transplanted from APOE − /− ALDH2 − /− and APOE − /− mice. RNA-seq, proteomics, and immunoprecipitation experiments were used to screen and validate signaling pathways affected by ALDH2. Efferocytosis and protein levels were verified in human macrophages from wild-type and rs671 mutation populations. Results: We found that transplanting bone marrow from APOE − /− ALDH2 − /− to APOE − /− mice significantly increased atherosclerosis plaques compared with transplanting bone marrow from APOE − /− to APOE − /− mice. In addition to defective efferocytosis in plaques of APOE − /− mice bone marrow transplanted from APOE − /− ALDH2 − /− mice in vivo, macrophages from ALDH2 − /− mice also showed significantly impaired efferocytotic activity in vitro. Subsequent RNA-seq, proteomics, and immunoprecipitation experiments showed that wild-type ALDH2 directly interacted with Rac2 and attenuated its degradation due to decreasing the K48-linked polyubiquitination of lysine 123 in Rac2, whereas the rs671 mutant markedly destabilized Rac2. Furthermore, Rac2 played a more crucial role than other Rho GTPases in the internalization process in which Rac2 was up-regulated, activated, and clustered into dots. Overexpression of wild-type ALDH2 in ALDH2 − /− macrophages, rather than the rs671 mutant, rescued Rac2 degradation and defective efferocytosis. More importantly, ALDH2 rs671 in human macrophages dampened the apoptotic cells induced upregulation of Rac2 and subsequent efferocytosis. Conclusions: Our study has uncovered a pivotal role of the ALDH2-Rac2 axis in mediating efferocytosis during atherosclerosis, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular diseases, especially for ALDH2 rs671 mutation carriers.

This publisher’s note serves to correct an error in Appl. Opt. 62, A1 (2023)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.473632.

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Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease, has emerged as a major public health concern around the world. Previous research has shown that JE has serious sequelae, and the recent shift in the population from children to adults presents a significant challenge for JE treatment and prevention. Therefore, we examined the differences in clinical manifestations (clinical symptoms, clinical signs, complications, and clinical typing) of JE between children and adults over the 15 years in Gansu Province to provide a theoretical basis for better response to JE treatment. Clinical typing was found to be statistically significant in the child versus adult groups and the groups with or without vaccination. Only the dysfunction of consciousness differed statistically between children with and without vaccination, whereas neurological symptoms such as vomiting (jet vomiting), irritability, drowsiness, convulsions, and hyperspasmia differed statistically between children and adults, and the rest of the symptoms did not differ statistically. Only pupil size changes were statistically different in clinical signs between the children with and without vaccination, while blood pressure changes, change in pupil size, positive meningeal stimulation signs, and positive pathological reflexes (increased muscle tone and Babinski's sign) were statistically different between adults and children. Bronchopneumonia was the most common complication, especially in adults. Therefore, the authors believe that children and adults differ in some clinical manifestations and propose that efforts should be directed toward developing individualized treatment plans for different age groups and employing more effective supportive treatment for various populations. In addition, we suggest expanding the coverage of the JE vaccine and increasing overall vaccination rates and adopting multiple measures in conjunction with JE prevention and control.

Velocity measurement has a high application value in hydrological monitoring and flood disaster warning. The long-distance laser Doppler water flow velocimetry technology has the advantage of strong anti-interference ability and high spatial resolution, and it can realize the high-precision measurement of water flow velocity. Because water flow has low reflectance characteristics, how to extract Doppler frequency from weak non-stationary coherent signals is a crucial problem to be solved to realize long-distance water flow velocity measurement. However, the classical method requires the time domain signal to have high stationarity and is not suitable for processing the coherent signal in the water flow velocity measurement. Aiming at this problem, we proposed a water flow velocimetry method based on adaptive Gaussian weighted integral (AGWI). First, the spectral characteristics of the coherent signal are analyzed in detail, and a statistical model of weak non-stationary signals is established. A second-order Kaiser self-multiplication window (KSMW) is designed to suppress spectral leakage for the asynchronously sampled data. Then, an adaptive homogenization power spectral subtraction (AHPSS) is designed to reduce system noise. Finally, the Doppler spectrum reconstruction and Doppler frequency estimation are performed using the AGWI method to obtain the Doppler frequency, which is further processed to get the water flow velocity. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve accurate and stable measurement of river surface velocity under long-distance conditions.

In 2008, Mainland China included the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) to control the JE epidemic. However, Northwest China experienced the largest JE outbreak since 1994 in 2018, and the effects of the EPI in different regions are unclear. Therefore, we used an interrupted time series design to evaluate the effects of the EPI in different regions. In this study, β

Background : Previous studies have always focused on the impact of various meteorological factors on bacillary dysentery (BD). However, only few studies have investigated the effects of climate and air pollutants on BD incidence simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature and air pollutants on BD in Lanzhou. Methods: Daily data of BD cases and environmental factors from 2014 to 2017 were collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) was conducted to explore the relationship between environmental factors and BD. Then a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was developed to assess the lag and cumulative effect. Furthermore, this study explored the variability across gender and age groups. Results: A total of 7102 cases of BD were notified over the study period. High temperature can significantly increase the risk of BD during the whole lag period, temperature has different exposure effects on different genders and age groups. With 9℃ as the reference value, each 1℃ rise in temperature result in a 4.8% (RR=1.048, 95%CI: 0.996, 1.103) increase in the number of cases BD at lag 0 day. With 50μg/m 3 as the reference value, each 5μg/m 3 rise in PM2.5 caused a 11.3% (RR=1.113, 95%CI: 1.066, 1.162) increase in the number of BD cases at lag 0. Low concentration of PM10 in the lag of 10-14 days can significantly increase the risk of BD, while high concentration PM10 in the lag of 6-14 days can significantly increase the risk of BD. Conclusions: Temperature, PM2.5 and PM10 are closely related to the incidence of bacillary dysentery. Our findings suggest adaptation plans that target vulnerable populations in susceptible communities should be developed to reduce health risks.

In this paper the temperature effect on the transmission spectrum of the quartz optical rotation filter is investigated theoretically and experimentally in detail, which shows that the output center wavelength of filter will shift towards the long wavelength with the temperature increasing and the output center wave-length of filter will shift towards the short wavelength with the temperature decreasing. The simulation and the experiment results are the same basically. According to this conclusion, a new type quartz optical rotation filter that is insensitive to the changing temperature is proposed.

In this paper, we propose an ultra narrow band fiber grating filter which is composed of two optical circulators and two fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). Through numerical simulation and experiment investigation, a narrow-band output spectrum with 1064 nm center wavelength and 0.017 nm bandwidth is obtained. It may find a certain application in the fields of free space optic communication, laser tuning and so on as we believe.