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Increasing customer apprehensions regarding the security and nutritional value of agricultural goods are compelling governments and industries to implement traceable, transparent, and reputable logistics management systems. Blockchain-based agricultural logistics management systems guarantee the permanence of data once it is uploaded but cannot cope with the risk of data being falsified before uploading to the blockchain. In this work, we developed a collaborative game model between government bodies and agricultural enterprises based on the evolutionary game theory and explored the influencing factors of enterprises following the rules to share the real traceability information through numerical simulation using MATLAB. The findings show that government incentives and penalties promote positive behavior, and consumer and media supervision contribute to supply chain transparency, but firms tend to share truthful information only when it benefits them. This study builds upon existing research on the impact of social variables on both members' decision-making behavior. It highlights the positive roles of consumers and the media in the supervision of agricultural product traceability, which can help to raise public awareness of social responsibility and thus promote positive interaction in the market.

Summary: The FIGO 2000 Prognostic Scoring System is a global standard for prognostication in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). However, the system has not been updated in over 20 years, and in clinical practice it has several critical limitations, including inadequate assessment of single-agent chemotherapy resistance and overuse in unsuitable clinical scenarios. This review critically examines these shortcomings and summarizes recent efforts to refine the system. After identifying its limitations, we propose novel refinements: instead of relying on a single system to address multiple clinical objectives, we advocate for specialized scoring models, each tailored to a specific clinical goal. This approach simplifies and enhances the effectiveness of prognostic assessments. Additionally, biological and genetic markers must be integrated into these models to improve accuracy. Looking ahead, we emphasize the need for advanced technologies and multicentre collaboration to build more personalized and adaptive GTN management frameworks, ultimately improving clinical practice and outcomes. Funding: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC2705802) and National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-C-058).

Abstract Iron single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have garnered increasing attention as highly efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet their performance in practical devices remains suboptimal due to the low density of accessible active sites. Anchoring iron single atoms on 2D support is a promising way to increase the accessible active sites but remains difficult attributing to the high aggregation tendency of iron atoms on the 2D support. Herein, a vacuum vapor deposition strategy is presented to fabricate an iron SAC supported on ultrathin N‐doped carbon nanosheets with densely active sites (FeSAs‐UNCNS). Experimental analyses confirm that the FeSAs‐UNCNS achieves densely accessible active sites (1.11 × 1020 sites g−1) in the configuration of Fe─N4O. Consequently, the half‐wave potential of FeSAs‐UNCNS in 0.1 m KOH reaches a remarkable value of 0.951 V versus RHE. Moreover, when employed as the cathode of various kinds of Zn–air batteries, FeSAs‐UNCNS exhibits boosting performances by achieving a maximum power density of 306 mW cm−2 and long cycle life (>180 h) at room temperature, surpassing both Pt/C and reported SACs. Further investigations reveal that FeSAs‐UNCNS facilitates the mass and charge transfer during catalysis and the atomic configuration favors the desorption of *OH kinetically.

Adhesion molecules play critical roles in maintaining the structural integrity of the airway epithelium in airways under stress. Previously, we reported that catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1) is downregulated in an asthma animal model and upregulated at the edge of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) after ozone stress. In this work, we explore the potential role of CTNNAL1 in the structural adhesion of HBECs and its possible mechanism. We construct a CTNNAL1‒/‒ mouse model with CTNNAL1-RNAi recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) in the lung and a CTNNAL1-silencing cell line stably transfected with CTNNAL1-siRNA recombinant plasmids. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining reveals that CTNNAL1‒/‒ mice have denuded epithelial cells and structural damage to the airway. Silencing of CTNNAL1 in HBECs inhibits cell proliferation and weakens extracellular matrix adhesion and intercellular adhesion, possibly through the action of the cytoskeleton. We also find that the expressions of the structural adhesion-related molecules E-cadherin, integrin β1, and integrin β4 are significantly decreased in ozone-treated cells than in vector control cells. In addition, our results show that the expression levels of RhoA/ROCK1 are decreased after CTNNAL1 silencing. Treatment with Y27632, a ROCK inhibitor, abolished the expressions of adhesion molecules induced by ozone in CTNNAL1-overexpressing HBECs. Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that CTNNAL1 plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the airway epithelium under ozone challenge, and is associated with epithelial cytoskeleton dynamics and the expressions of adhesion-related molecules via the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway.

Abstract Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common systemic inflammatory disease resulting from the activation of trypsinogen by various incentives in ICU. The annual incidence rate is approximately 30 out of 100,000. Some patients may progress to severe acute pancreatitis, with a mortality rate of up to 40%. Therefore, the goal of this article is to explore the key genes for effective diagnosis and treatment of AP. The analysis data for this study were merged from two GEO datasets. 1357 DEGs were used for functional enrichment and cMAP analysis, aiming to reveal the pathogenic genes and potential mechanisms of AP, as well as potential drugs for treating AP. Importantly, the study used LASSO and SVM-RFE machine learning to screen the most likely AP occurrence biomarker for Prdx4 among numerous candidate genes. A receiver operating characteristic of Prdx4 was used to estimate the incidence of AP. The ssGSEA algorithm was employed to investigate immune cell infiltration in AP. The biomarker Prdx4 gene exhibited significant associations with a majority of immune cells and was identified as being expressed in NKT cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and B cells based on single-cell transcriptome data. Finally, we found an increase in Prdx4 expression in the pancreatic tissue of AP mice through immunohistochemistry. After treatment with recombinant Prdx4, the pathological damage to the pancreatic tissue of AP mice was relieved. In conclusion, our study identified Prdx4 as a potential AP hub gene, providing a new target for treatment.

Oxylipins are active lipid compounds formed through the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. These compounds have drawn considerable attention due to the potential impact on human health and processed food quality. Therefore, this study aimed to deepen current understanding and assess recent analytical advancements regarding the physiological roles of oxylipins in processed food products using lipidomics. The mechanisms behind oxylipins production in processed foods were extensively investigated, underscoring potential associations with chronic diseases. This indicates the need for innovative strategies to mitigate harmful oxylipins levels to enhance the safety and shelf life of processed food products. The results showed that mitigation methods, including the use of antioxidants and optimization of processing parameters, reduced oxylipins levels. The integration of lipidomics with food safety and quality control processes is evident in cutting-edge methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry for compliance and real-time evaluation. Aside from envisioning the future trajectory of food science and industry through prospective studies on oxylipins and processed foods, the results also provide the basis for future investigations, innovation, and advancements in the dynamic field of food science and technology.

Background: The fibrous root of ginseng (GFR) is the dried thin branch root or whisker root of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey). It is known for its properties such as tonifying qi, producing body fluid, and quenching thirst. Clinically, it is used to treat conditions such as cough, hemoptysis, thirst, stomach deficiency, and vomiting. While GFR and Ginseng share similar metabolites, they differ in their metabolites ratios and efficacy. Furthermore, the specific role of GFR in protecting the body remains unclear.Methods: We employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to examine alterations in brain neurotransmitters and elucidate the impact of GFR on the central nervous system. Additionally, we analyzed the serum and brain metabolic profiles of rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry to discern the effect and underlying mechanism of GFR in delaying aging in naturally aged rats.Results: The findings of the serum biochemical indicators indicate that the intervention of GFR can enhance cardiovascular, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism related indicators in naturally aging rats. Research on brain neurotransmitters suggests that GFR can augment physiological functions such as learning and memory, while also inhibiting central nervous system excitation to a certain degree by maintaining the equilibrium of central neurotransmitters in aged individuals. Twenty-four abnormal metabolites in serum and seventeen abnormal metabolites in brain could be used as potential biomarkers and were involved in multiple metabolic pathways. Among them, in the brain metabolic pathways, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism were closely related to central neurotransmitters. Butanoate metabolism improves energy supply for life activities in the aging body. Cysteine and methionine metabolism contributes to the production of glutathione and taurine and played an antioxidant role. In serum, the regulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and proline metabolism demonstrated the antioxidant capacity of GFR decoction.Conclution: In summary, GFR plays a role in delaying aging by regulating central neurotransmitters, cardiovascular function, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and other aspects of the aging body, which lays a foundation for the application of GFR.

BackgroundEndoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression is widely used in the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) following head and craniofacial trauma. Intraoperative hemorrhage is a catastrophic surgical complication during optic canal decompression.Case descriptionWe present two cases of patients with TON who suffered unexpected intra-operative massive bleeding during endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression. After intraoperative hemostasis was achieved, emergent cerebral angiograms demonstrated the formation of internal carotid pseudoaneurysms, which were immediately embolized with coils combined with or without Onyx with balloon assistance. One of these cases was also complicated by a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, which failed to be treated with lumbar drainage but was successfully repaired with endoscopic transnasal surgery.ConclusionThe intra-operative rupture of ICA pseudoaneurysm is a rare but catastrophic complication in TON patients. Intraoperative massive bleeding indicates rupture of ICA pseudoaneurysm. Postoperative emergency angiography and endovascular therapy should be arranged to evaluate and repair the cerebral vascular injury. Endoscopic trans-nasal surgery repairing CSF leaks resistant to lumbar drainage could be efficient and safe following pseudoaneurysm embolization.

IntroductionPercussive stunning is a widely used and ethically supported method of stunning fish per welfare standards as part of a one- or two-step slaughter process. In this study, the use of a non-penetrative captive bolt (NPCB) gun was evaluated as an effective one-step method of improving welfare for juvenile and adult farmed white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) at slaughter.MethodsA Jarvis HPS-1 NPCB was operated at pressures of 120, 135, and 145 PSI (827.37, 930.79, and 999.74 kPa, respectively) for juvenile sturgeon (n = 3 sturgeon per operating pressure) and 175, 200, and 225 PSI (1206.58, 1378.95, and 1551.32 kPa, respectively) for adult sturgeon (n = 3 sturgeon per operating pressure). Following a single strike, fish were assessed for jaw relaxation and a somatic response before being exsanguinated and transferred to an ice slurry. An hour after slaughter, fish heads were collected, and a section of cartilage containing the brain was removed and fixed in formalin for histological analysis of brain death. To evaluate fish recovery, juveniles (n = 100) and adult female sturgeon (n = 65) were monitored for two hoursafter a single exposure to 145 and 225 PSI, respectively.ResultsHistology results showed there was an effect between operating pressure and intracranial hemorrhage in juvenile sturgeon (p = 0.024). There was a greater meningeal-to-cerebral hemorrhage at 135 PSI compared to the 120 PSI group (p = 0.020) and a trend towards increased tissue damage from 120 PSI to 145 PSI (p = 0.056). Adults showed no significant difference in meningeal hemorrhage at any operating pressure. When investigating recovery rates, NPCB successfully stunned 100% of juvenile sturgeon at 145 PSI, and 225 PSI stunned 90% of adult sturgeon without recovery.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that the use of an NPCB gun is an improvement in animal welfare compared to repeated strikes, but a single application did not produce histological brain death; further research should be conducted to determine optimal pressures that result in immediate brain death.

Abstract Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health concern, given its high rates of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis using urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) primarily benefits HIV co-infected TB patients with low CD4 counts. The focus of this study was to develop an ultra-sensitive LAM assay intended for diagnosing tuberculosis across a wider spectrum of TB patients. Design & Methods To heighten the sensitivity of the LAM assay, we employed high-affinity rabbit monoclonal antibodies and selected a highly sensitive chemiluminescence LAM assay (CLIA-LAM) for development. The clinical diagnostic criteria for active TB (ATB) were used as a control. A two-step sample collection process was implemented, with the cutoff determined initially through a ROC curve. Subsequently, additional clinical samples were utilized for the validation of the assay. Results In the assay validation phase, a total of 87 confirmed active TB patients, 19 latent TB infection (LTBI) patients, and 104 healthy control samples were included. Applying a cutoff of 1.043 (pg/mL), the CLIA-LAM assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 55.2% [95%CI (44.13%~65.85%)], and a specificity of 100% [95%CI (96.52%~100.00%)], validated against clinical diagnostic results using the Mann-Whitney U test. Among 11 hematogenous disseminated TB patients, the positive rate was 81.8%. Importantly, the CLIA-LAM assay consistently yielded negative results in the 19 LTBI patients. Conclusion Overall, the combination of high-affinity antibodies and the CLIA method significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of the LAM assay. It can be used for the diagnosis of active TB, particularly hematogenous disseminated TB.

Accurate real-time observations of wheat head growth are crucial for effective agricultural management. However, the dense distribution of wheat heads often leads to severe overlap in imagery. Existing target detection algorithms face challenges in overcoming this problem, rendering them ineffective for real-time field computations using portable devices. Therefore, this study proposes a lightweight you-only-look-once (YOLO) model with a simplified structure and a more powerful attention mechanism. A limitation of the traditional YOLO model is its complex structure, as it requires a substantial number of parameters and its accuracy is unsatisfactory. We remove the modules designed for large targets and reduce the number of detection heads from three to two. Moreover, we add an improved feature pyramid network to the neck, resulting in improved parameter count and accuracy over traditional YOLO methods. To improve inferencing, we replace the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module with a simplified SPP-fast type. Finally, a large separable kernel attention and wise intersection-over-union method are introduced to integrate the attention mechanisms, and we replace the loss function to improve the discriminative capabilities of the model. Experimental results on the Global Wheat Head Dataset demonstrate a 53% reduction in memory usage, 27% decrease in computational load, and 5.2 frames-per-second increase in detection speed over extant methods. The proposed model also achieves 3.9%, 2.1%, and 1.3% improvements in terms of precision, recall, and mean average precision, respectively, and it exhibits lightweight and portable characteristics. Overall, the proposed method has fast inference speed and effectively alleviates the problem of low recognition of dense wheat head.

NOD1 and NOD2 as two representative members of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family play important roles in antimicrobial immunity. However, transcription mechanism of nod1 and nod2 and their signal circle are less understood in teleost fish. In this study, with the cloning of card9 and ripk2 in Chinese perch, the interaction between NOD1, NOD2, and CARD9 and RIPK2 were revealed through coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. The overexpression of NOD1, NOD2, RIPK2 and CARD9 induced significantly the promoter activity of NF-κB, IFNh and IFNc. Furthermore, it was found that nod1 and nod2 were induced by poly(I:C), type I IFNs, RLR and even NOD1/NOD2 themselves through the ISRE site of their proximal promoters. It is thus indicated that nod1 and nod2 can be classified also as ISGs due to the presence of ISRE in their proximal promoter, and their expression can be mechanistically controlled through PRR pathway as well as through IFN signaling in antiviral immune response.

Abstract A wearable sensing system that can reconstruct dynamic 3D human body models for virtual cloth fitting is highly important in the era of information and metaverse. However, few research has been conducted regarding conformal sensors for accurately measuring the human body circumferences for dynamic 3D human body reshaping. Here, we develop a stretchable spring‐sheathed yarn sensor (SSYS) as a smart ruler, for precisely measuring the circumference of human bodies and long‐term tracking the movement for the dynamic 3D body reconstruction. The SSYS has a robust property, high resilience, high stability (>18 000), and ultrafast response (12 ms) to external deformation. It is also washable, wearable, tailorable, and durable for long‐time wearing. Moreover, geometric, and mechanical behaviors of the SSYS are systematically investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In addition, a transfer learning algorithm that bridges the discrepancy of real and virtual sensing performance is developed, enabling a small body circumference measurement error of 1.79%, noticeably lower than that of traditional learning algorithm. Furtherly, 3D human bodies that are numerically consistent with the actual bodies are reconstructed. The 3D dynamic human body reconstruction based on the wearing sensing system and transfer learning algorithm enables excellent virtual fitting and shirt customization in a smart and highly efficient manner. This wearable sensing technology shows great potential in human‐computer interaction, intelligent fitting, specialized protection, sports activities, and human physiological health tracking.

Abstract Generative adversarial networks (GANs), as a powerful tool for inverse materials discovery, are being increasingly applied in various fields of materials science. This review provides systematic investigations on the applications of GANs from a group of different aspects. The basic principles of GANs are first introduced; then a detailed review of GANs‐based studies regarding distinct scenarios across composition design, processing optimization, crystal structure search, microstructure characterization and defect detection is presented. At the end, several challenges and possible solutions are discussed and outlined. This overview highlights the efficacy of GANs in materials science, and may stimulate the further use of GANs for more intriguing achievements.

The continuous alumina fiber reinforced alumina ceramic matrix composite (Al2O3f/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composite) have the characteristics of high melting point, high strength, oxidation resistance, etc., which improves oxidation resistance of the existing aerospace thermal components, and is an ideal candidate material for the application in high temperature and aerobic environment. In this paper, firstly, the constituents of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites were analyzed, including reinforced fibers, ceramic matrix and interfacial materials. Moreover, the preparation processes of Al2O3f/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites such as slurry infiltration, sol-gel method, precursor infiltration and pyrolysis method, were summarized. The influence of preparation process on the properties of alumina ceramic matrix composites was discussed and numerous achievements were listed. Lastly, feasible optimization schemes were proposed for the preparation of Al2O3f/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites with high strength and fracture toughness under medium-high temperature load and long service period.

Abstract Objective The effectiveness and security of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in combination with toripalimab (anti‐PD‐1) for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied in this article. Methods Total of 40 patients were enrolled in the study between September 2019 and November 2021. Data follow‐up ends in April 2022. The study’s main focus is on recurrence free survival (RFS), while the secondary objectives was safety. Chi‐square tests, Kaplan‐Meier, and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to analyze the data. Results The median follow‐up period was 21.40 months, and the median RFS was 15.40 months in the group that received combination therapy, which was statistically significantly different (HR: 0.44, p = 0.04) compared with the RFA group (8.2 months). RFS rates (RFSr) at 6, 12 and 18 months in the combination therapy groups and RFA groups were 80% vs 65%, 62.7% vs 35% and 48.7% vs 18.8%, respectively. Between the two groups, significant difference of RFSr was found at 18 months (p = 0.04). No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in terms of safeness (p > 0.05). The subgroup analysis indicated that the combination of RFA and anti‐PD‐1 led to better RFS than RFA alone. Moreover, patients benefited more from combination therapy in the groups younger than 60 years (HR: 0.26, p = 0.018), male (HR: 0.32, p = 0.028) and Child‐Pugh grade A (HR: 0.38, p = 0.032). Conclusions Combining RFA with anti‐PD‐1 showed improved RFS and was deemed safe for patients with recurrent HCC who had previously undergone RFA treatment alone.

Abstract Background With the emergence of the gig economy as a new economic form, the influence of algorithmic technology control on gig workers’ perceptions and engagement has become a topic of academic concern. This study explores the emotional impact of perceived algorithmic control on gig workers and how it affects their work engagement. Methods This study takes gig workers as the research object to build a structural equation model. Based on the background of gig economy and the Job Demands-Resources model, this paper constructs a mechanism model of the influence of perceived algorithmic control on the work engagement of gig workers. The research data in this paper are collected by questionnaire, and the research hypothesis is tested by the SEM structural model. Results The gig workers in this study believed that perceived algorithmic control positively affects employee work engagement. In addition, burnout was positively correlated with employee work engagement. Burnout played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived algorithmic control and employee work engagement. And flow experience played a moderating role through the indirect effect of burnout on employees’ work engagement. Conclusion Perceived algorithmic control causes burnout among gig workers, but strong algorithmic technology support provides them with rich work resources that can help them meet their work needs. That is, the gig workers may still demonstrate a high level of work engagement even if they experience burnout symptoms.

Abstract Linear ubiquitination is a specific post-translational modification in which ubiquitin is linked through M1 residue to form multiple types of polyubiquitin chains on substrates in order to regulate cellular processes. LUBAC comprised by HOIP, HOIL-1L, and SHARPIN as a sole E3 ligase catalyzes the generation of linear ubiquitin chains, and it is simultaneously adjusted by deubiquitinases such as OTULIN and CYLD. Several studies have shown that gene mutation of linear ubiquitination in mice accompanied by different modalities of cell death would develop relative diseases. Cell death is a fundamental physiological process and responsible for embryonic development, organ maintenance, and immunity response. Therefore, it is worth speculating that linear ubiquitin mediated signaling pathway would participate in different diseases. The relative literature search was done from core collection of electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar using keywords about main regulators of linear ubiquitination pathway. Here, we summarize the regulatory mechanism of linear ubiquitination on cellular signaling pathway in cells with apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Intervening generation of linear ubiquitin chains in relative signaling pathway to regulate cell death might provide novel therapeutic insights for various human diseases.

The downregulation of adhesion molecule catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1) in airway epithelial cells of asthma patients and house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma animal models was illustrated in our previous study. It is assumed to contribute to airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. In this work, we further explore the underlying mechanism of CTNNAL1 in asthma. CTNNAL1-silenced female mice exhibit a decreased level of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated and ATP-gated Cl– channel that correlates with mucus hypersecretion. Our previous study demonstrated that ROCK1 expression decreases but ROCK2 expression increases in the lungs of a CTNNAL1-silenced mouse model. Inhibition of ROCK1 leads to a reduction in CFTR expression in CTNNAL1-overexpressing and CTNNAL1-silenced human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. It has been reported that ROCK1 is a downstream target of RhoA and that activation of RhoA increases CFTR expression after CTNNAL1 deficiency in vitro and in vivo. The above results indicate that CTNNAL1 regulates CFTR expression through the ROCK1 pathway. In addition, the expression of CFTR-associated ligand (CAL) is increased after CTNNAL1 silencing, and immunoprecipitation results confirm the interaction between ROCK1 and CAL. Inhibition of CAL does not influence ROCK1 expression but increases CFTR expression in CTNNAL1-silenced HBE cells. These data suggest that CTNNAL1 deficiency decreases CFTR expression in the HDM-induced asthma mouse model through the ROCK1-CAL signaling pathway.

Electric vehicle accidents on the road occur frequently, and head injuries are often the cause of serious casualties. However, most electric vehicle riders seldom wear helmets. Therefore, combining target detection algorithms with road cameras to intelligently monitor helmet-wearing has extremely important research significance. Therefore, a helmet-wearing detection algorithm based on the improved YOLOv8n model, PRE-YOLO, is proposed. First, we add small target detection layers and prune large target detection layers. The sophisticated algorithm considerably boosts the effectiveness of data manipulation while significantly reducing model parameters and size. Secondly, we introduce a convolutional module that integrates receptive field attention convolution and CA mechanisms into the backbone network, enhancing feature extraction capabilities by enhancing attention weights within both channel and spatial aspects. Lastly, we incorporate an EMA mechanism into the C2f module, which strengthens feature perception and captures more characteristic information while maintaining the same model parameter size. The experimental outcomes indicate that in comparison to the original model, the proposed PRE-YOLO model in this paper has improved by 1.3%, 1.7%, 2.2%, and 2.6% in terms of precision P, recall R, mAP@0.5, and mAP@0.5:0.95, respectively. At the same time, the number of model parameters has been reduced by 33.3%, and the model size has been reduced by 1.8 MB. Generalization experiments are conducted on the TWHD and EBHD datasets to further verify the versatility of the model. The research findings provide solutions for further improving the accuracy and efficiency of helmet-wearing detection on complex traffic roads, offering references for enhancing safety and intelligence in traffic.

The correct wearing of safety helmets and reflective vests is of great significance in construction sites, offices, and civil engineering sites. Aiming to address the issues of low detection accuracy and high algorithm complexity caused by complex background environments in the small target detection of safety helmets and reflective clothing using existing algorithms, an improved algorithm based on YOLOv8n is proposed. Firstly, the SE module is utilized to reduce interference in complex environments. Next, the IOU function is modified to speed up calculations. Then, a lightweight universal upsampling operator (CARAFE) is employed to obtain a larger receptive field. Finally, the Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network is used to replace the Concat module of the original head layer. Based on these four modifications made to the model, this article names the new model SDCB-YOLO, derived from the initial letters of the four respective modules. The experimental results show that the mAP of the SDCB-YOLO model on the test set reached 97.1%, which is 4.6% higher than YOLOv5s and 3.5% higher than YOLOv8n. Additionally, the model boasts a parameter count of 3,094,304, a computational load of 8.4 GFLOPs, and a model size of 6.13 MB. Compared to YOLOv5s, with a parameter count of 7,030,417, a computational cost of 16.0 GFLOPs, and a model size of 13.79 MB, the SDCB-YOLO model is significantly smaller. When compared to YOLOv8n, with a parameter count of 3,011,628, a computational complexity of 8.2 GFLOPs, and a model size of 6.11 MB, the SDCB-YOLO model’s parameters and model size are only slightly increased, while maintaining a comparable computational load. Therefore, the improved detection algorithm presented in this article not only ensures the lightweight nature of the model but also significantly enhances its detection accuracy.

Preserving the privacy of the ever-increasing multimedia data on the cloud while providing accurate and fast retrieval services has become a hot topic in information security. However, existing relevant schemes still have significant room for improvement in accuracy and speed. Therefore, this paper proposes a privacy-preserving image–text retrieval scheme called PITR. To enhance model performance with minimal parameter training, we freeze all parameters of a multimodal pre-trained model and incorporate trainable modules along with either a general adapter or a specialized adapter, which are used to enhance the model’s ability to perform zero-shot image classification and cross-modal retrieval in general or specialized datasets, respectively. To preserve the privacy of outsourced data on the cloud and the privacy of the user’s retrieval process, we employ asymmetric scalar-product-preserving encryption technology suitable for inner product calculation, and we employ distributed index storage technology and construct a two-level security model. We construct a hierarchical index structure to speed up query matching among massive high-dimensional index vectors. Experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can provide users with secure, accurate, fast cross-modal retrieval service while preserving data privacy.

In order to meet the needs of large area thermal protection(≥1500 ℃)for high-speed aircraft, the high temperature resistant alumina fiber reinforced aerogel composite was used as the thermal insulation layer, and the carbon fiber fabric was used as the panel layer preform. Through the normal needle puncture process and the precursor impregnation pyrolysis process, the integrated TPS material for thermal protection was prepared, and the high temperature resistance performance tests were carried out to provide theoretical and technical support for the engineering application of materials. The results show that the integrated TPS material with good integrity and no obvious defects can be prepared by needle puncture suture technology and PIP process, and the density is only 0.6 g/cm3. When C/SiC composites are used in high-temperature oxidation environment, the oxidizing atmosphere diffuses into the material through defects such as pores and cracks, and oxidizes with carbon fibers, resulting in the degradation of composite properties. The material has excellent high temperature resistance, with mass ablation rate of 0.051 g/s and linear ablation rate of 0.077 mm/s; There is no obvious gap structure, and there is no obvious shrinkage on the whole, showing good high temperature resistance.

Alumina fiber reinforced alumina ceramic matrix composites possess high temperature resistance, high strength and oxidation resistance, etc, and have a considerable application prospects in the field of thermal structural materials used in aerospace. Using NextelTM 610 fabric as the reinforcement, alumina ceramic matrix composites were prepared by Slurry Infiltration-molding process and sintered in a muffle furnace at high temperature for one time. The temperature range suitable for the preparation of composites was determined by the effects of heat treatment temperature on the crystalline phase, mechanical strength and other properties of fiber and matrix. The effects of solid content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the composites were studied. The results show that the bending strength of NextelTM 610/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composite increases first and then decreases with the increase of solid content. When the solid content of the slurry is 60% (mass fraction, the same below), the bending strength is the largest, up to 370.68 MPa. When the solid content is less than 60%, the reason why the flexural strength of the composite is low is that the matrix in the fiber bundles is not filled enough. When the solid content increases to 65%, the degradation of the flexural strength of the composite is due to the formation of too many matrix defects and the strengthening of the fiber-matrix interface, which hinders the fiber debonding, pull-out and other toughening mechanisms.

Cell death is ubiquitous during development and throughout life and is a genetically determined active and ordered process that plays a crucial role in regulating homeostasis. Cell death includes regulated cell death and non-programmed cell death, and the common types of regulatory cell death are necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Apoptosis, Necrosis and necroptosis are more common than autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis among cell death. Non-coding RNAs are regulatory RNA molecules that do not encode proteins and include mainly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. Non-coding RNAs can act as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, with significant effects on tumor occurrence and development, and they can also regulate tumor cell autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. This paper reviews the recent research progress on the effects of the non-coding RNAs involved in autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis on tumorigenesis, tumor development, and treatment, and looks forward to the future direction of this field, which will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor development, as well as provide a new vision for the treatment of tumors.

The integration of electronic stimulation devices with insects in the context of cyborg insect systems has great application potential, particularly in the fields of environmental monitoring, urban surveillance, and rescue missions. Despite considerable advantages compared to the current robot technology, including flexibility, durability, and low energy consumption, this integration faces certain challenges related to the potential risk of charge accumulation caused by prolonged and repetitive electrical stimulations. To address these challenges, this study proposes a universal system for remote signal output control using infrared signals. The proposed system integrates high-precision digital-to-analog converters capable of generating customized waveform electrical stimulation signals within defined ranges. This enhances the accuracy of locomotion control in cyborg insects while maintaining real-time control and dynamic parameter adjustment. The proposed system is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the signals generated by the proposed system have a success rate of over 76.25% in controlling the turning locomotion of cyborg insects, which is higher than previously reported results. In addition, the charge-balanced characteristics of these signals can minimize muscle tissue damage, thus substantially enhancing control repeatability. This study provides a comprehensive solution for the remote control and monitoring of cyborg insects, whose flexibility and adaptability can meet various application and experimental requirements. The results presented in this study lay a robust foundation for further advancement of various technologies, particularly those related to cyborg insect locomotion control systems and wireless control mechanisms for cyborg insects.

Abstract Objective To explore the clinical outcomes of MasonII/III radial head fractures without the neck involvement treated with pre-curved metacarpal plates. Methods Ninety cases of Mason typeII/III radial head fractures without the neck involvement were retrospectively collected from the department of orthopaedics of our hospital from September 2015 to May 2021. Group A (n = 44) underwent open reduction and internal fixation with pre-curved metacarpal plate, and Group B (n = 46) were fixed by traditional T-shaped plates. The operation time and the incision length were recorded during the operation. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM) and post-operative complications were evaluated at the last follow-up. Results All the patients were followed up for at least 12 months. There were no significant difference between two groups regarding operation time (54.2 ± 12.1 v.s 51.3 ± 7.2, mins), MEPS (88.9 ± 4.2 v.s 87.8 ± 4.4), DASH score (7.3 ± 4.6 v.s 9.0 ± 4.0), VAS (1.6 ± 0.8 v.s 1.7 ± 0.7), and ROM. However, the incision length was shorter in Group A (5.6 ± 0.5 v.s 6.6 ± 0.5, cm, P

Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumor(OSST)is a benign ovarian sex cord stromal tumor. There are about 100 cases reported in literature. OSST usually occurs in women of childbearing age from 20 to 30 years old. The clinical manifestations are abdominal pain and adnexal mass. The tumor may have endocrine function, causing menstrual disorder and infertility, and a few patients even appear masculine. OSST is rare in prepubertal girls. Half of the patients go to see a doctor due to the accidental discovery of pelvic tumors during physical examination or the clinical manifestations caused by the increase of sex hormones. It usually occurs in one side of the ovary. Only 3 cases reported tumors in bilateral ovaries. For young women with bilateral OSST, bilateral ovarian tumor resection or operation with normal ovarian tissue on one side can be performed to preserve the fertility of the patients. In this paper, we report a rare case of bilateral OSST of the ovaries in a premenstrual girl and review the literature.

To reveal the difference of quality between traditional and wild Yunnan Congou black tea, five traditional and wild Yunnan Congou black tea were collected, respectively. Sensory qualities and biochemical components were compared. Sensory evaluation results showed that the shape, infusion color and infused leaves of the samples collected in this paper conform to the characteristics of Yunnan Congou black tea, that was, color of the dry tea leaves were dark with oily gloss, the infusion were red or orange red and bright, and the infused leaves were tender and uniformity. However, traditional Yunnan Congou black tea had a strong taste, while the wild Yunnan Congou black tea had a mellow and fresh taste. The contents of water extract, total catechins and caffeine in traditional Yunnan Congou black tea were 41.07%, 18.53 and 14.60 mg/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of wild Yunnan Congou black tea with 38.42%, 10.58 and 9.54 mg/g, respectively. While the average content of free amino acid in traditional Yunnan Congou black tea (3.92%) was lower than that of wild Yunnan Congou black tea (5.01%). The average contents of tea polyphenols were 16.61% and 16.56%, respectively, with no significant difference. The average contents of theaflavin, thearubigins and theabrownin in traditional Yunnan Congou black tea were 0.64%, 6.75%, 10.93%, and 0.61%, 2.70%, 11.80% in wild Yunnan Congou black tea respectively, among them, the content of thearubigins were significantly different. The average contents of quercetin, rutin, kaempferol and myricetin were 0.09, 0.67, 0.01 and 0.07 mg/g in traditional Yunnan Congou black tea, while 0.14, 0.27, 0.16 and 0.15 mg/g in wild Yunnan Congou black tea, respectively, which showed significant differences. Principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis (CA) based on contents of 19 biochemical components showed that traditional and wild Yunnan Congou black tea divided into two clusters, indicating that contents of biochemical component between these two type black tea were significantly different. In general, the contents of water extract, catechins, caffeine and flavonols in traditional Yunnan Congou black tea were higher, which resulting the strong taste. However, the content of free amino acids in wild Yunnan Congou black tea were higher, resulting in fresh and mellow taste.

Introduction Blood blister-like aneurysm (BBA) is a special type of intracranial aneurysm with relatively low morbidity and high mortality. Various microsurgical techniques and endovascular approaches have been reported, but the optimal management remains controversial. For a better understanding of the treatment of BBA patients, a network meta-analysis that comprehensively compares the effects of different therapies is necessary.Methods and analysis This protocol has been reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Related studies in the following databases will be searched until November 2022: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies comparing at least two different interventions in BBA patients will be included. Quality assessment will be conducted using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale based on their study designs. The primary outcome is the composite of the incidences of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding and postoperative recurrence. The secondary outcome is an unfavourable functional outcome. Pairwise and network meta-analyses will be conducted using STATA V.14 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). Mean ranks and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve will be used to evaluate every intervention. Statistical inconsistency assessment, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment will be performed.Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not necessary because this study will be based on publications. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration number CRD42022383699.

The oil–gas mixture pump significantly contributes to marginal oil field extraction and remote transportation of deep-sea oil. Nevertheless, during the operation of the mixture pump, it is inevitable to encounter problems like the separation of the mixed media from the hydraulic components as well as the gas phase from the liquid phase, which leads to enhancing the flow resistance of the mixed media. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of a groove-structure vortex generator on the drag reduction characteristics of a helical axial-flow gas–liquid multiphase pump under the design flow rate condition and various inlet gas content rates. The findings show that the vortex generator with diverse groove depths can prevent the separation of the mixed media from the blade suction surface effectively and minimize the flow resistance of the media in the 1/10 of the blade inlet. In particular, excellent drag reduction results were gained with a maximum drag reduction rate of 36.7% when the relative depth was 3/40. In addition, the efficiency of the mixture pump increased by a maximum of 2.1%, and the head increased by a maximum of 4.3%. The significance of this study lies in its potential to further optimize the design and performance of gas–liquid multiphase pumps. It provides new insights into the design and application of vortex generators. It offers robust support for the optimization and enhancement of gas–liquid multiphase pumps.

Predatory stink bugs derive from phytophagous stink bugs and evolved enhanced predation skills. Neuropeptides are a diverse class of ancient signaling molecules that regulate physiological processes and behavior in animals, including stink bugs. Neuropeptide evolution might be important for the development of predation because neuropeptides can be converted to venoms that impact prey. However, information on neuropeptide signaling genes in predatory stink bugs is lacking. In the present study, neuropeptide signaling genes of Picromerus lewisi, an important predatory stink bug and an effective biological agent, were comprehensively identified by transcriptome analysis, with a total of 59 neuropeptide precursor genes and 58 potential neuropeptide receptor genes found. In addition, several neuropeptides and their receptors enriched in salivary glands of P. lewisi were identified. The present study and subsequent functional research contribute to an in-depth understanding of the biology and behavior of the predatory bugs and can provide basic information for the development of better pest management strategies, possibly including neuropeptide receptors as insecticide targets and salivary gland derived venom toxins as novel killing moleculars.

Background: Lung cancer is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths in the world. We found a significant increase of STAMBPL1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and cells. However, its mechanism has not been clarified. Methods: LUAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 62 patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from August 2018 to August 2021. In vivo, the clinical data and STAMBPL1 expression of 62 patients with LUAD were analyzed by qPCR. In vitro, cell experiments were carried out after STAMBPL1 knockdown in A549 and H1299 cells to determine cell growth, migration rate, evasiveness, colony-forming ability, and apoptosis. Gene sequencing was used to explore the expression of various genes in A549 and H1299 cells to verify that DHRS2 was up-regulated after STAMBPL1 knockdown; cell experiments further detected the role of the DHRS2 gene after DHRS2 overexpression in A549 and H1299 cells. A rescue experiment was conducted to certify that STAMBPL1 promotes NSCLC progression by regulating DHRS2 expression. Results: After STAMBPL1 knockdown by siRNA. Migration, invasion, colony formation, and proliferation of siRNA groups were suppressed than those of NC groups in A549 and H1299 cells, while the cell apoptosis rate of siRNA groups increased significantly. By using gene-sequence analysis, we found that the expression level of the DHRS2 gene was up-regulated in STAMBPL1 siRNA groups, compared with STAMBPL1 NC (negative control) groups in A549 and H1299, which was verified by qPCR and WB. Further experiments showed that the DHRS2 OE group was suppressed in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in the A549 and H1299 cell lines compared to the DHRS2 NC group, while DHRS2 OE group was significantly enhanced in the cell apoptosis in the A549 and H1299 cell lines. According to the rescue experiment, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of the STAMBPL1 SI+DHRS2 SI group were enhanced compared with the STAMBPL1 SI+DHRS2 NC group in A549 and H1299 cells, while the STAMBPL1 SI+DHRS2 OE group were further decreased. Conclusions: The expression of STAMBPL1 mRNA is significantly up-regulated in LUAD, promoting the progression of LUAD by down-regulating the expression of DHRS2 and acting as a potential biomarker of LUAD.

The spatial organisation of diffuse midline glioma-H3K27M mutant (DMG) and glioblastoma (GBM) remains to be investigated. Here, the authors integrate short-read and long-read spatial profiling of DMG and GBM to identify regulatory programs and cellular ecosystems in distinct glioma niches.

Abstract Model selection is a chronic issue in computational science. The conventional approach relies heavily on human experience. However, gaining experience takes years and is severely inefficient. To address this issue, we distill human experience into a recommender system. A trained recommender system tells whether a computational model does well or poorly in handling a physical process. It also tells if a physical process is important for a quantity of interest. By accumulating this knowledge, the system is able to make recommendations about computational models. We showcase the power of the system by considering Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (RANS) model selection in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Since turbulence is stochastic, there is no universal RANS model, and RANS model selection has always been an issue. A working model recommending system saves fluid engineers years and allows junior CFD practitioners to make sensible model choices like senior ones.

Abstract Background Early hematoma expansion (HE) occurs in 20 to 40% of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients and is a primary determinant of early deterioration and poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown that inflammation is a major pathological feature of ICH, and the neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR) is a marker of systemic inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between the NPR and HE in ICH patients. Methods We retrospectively collected and analyzed data from ICH patients who received treatment at our institution from January 2018 to November 2019. The NPR was calculated from the admission blood test. Brain computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at admission and repeated within 24 h. Hematoma growth was defined as relative growth > 33% or absolute growth > 6 ml. Results A total of 317 patients were enrolled in our study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the NPR was an independent predictor of HE [odds ratio (OR) = 1.742; 95% CI: 1.508–2.012, p

Abstract Ferroptosis is a recently-defined tumor suppression mechanism, but the sensitivity of many tumorigenic cells to ferroptosis is limited by their deficient expression of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Here, we report the discovery of a photosensitizer, namely TPCI, which can evoke ACSL4-independent ferroptosis of cancer cells in photodynamic therapy. Through co-localization with 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in multiple subcellular organelles, TPCI activates ALOX12 to generate lipid reactive oxygen species in large quantity and trigger cell ferroptosis. Intriguingly, confining TPCI exclusively in lysosomes switches the cell death from ferroptosis to apoptosis. More strikingly, the ferroptosis mediated by TPCI-induced ALOX12 activation does not require the participation of ACSL4. Therefore, our study identifies TPCI as the first ALOX12 activator to induce ferroptosis independent of ACSL4, which renders a viable therapeutic approach on the basis of distinct ferroptosis of cancer cells, regardless their ACSL4 expressions.

Fibrous porous ceramics with three-dimensional structure, constructed by random stacking chopped fibers and binders at crossover nodes, shows lightweight, high porosity and specific surface, high refractoriness. These important characteristics render them very suitable for large-area thermal protection system of spacecraft, which can greatly reduce its quality and costs, while providing well thermal protection for aircraft. Recently, many efforts have been made to improve mechanical property of fibrous porous ceramics.The types of fiber skeletons, binders, optimization of preparation methods, and the latest research progress were summarized. The multiple insulation mechanism, integration and engineering of fibrous porous ceramics were prospected.

In order to explore the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of pectic polysaccharides in Jasminum sambac flower waste, two polysaccharides, JSP-3 and JSP-4, were separated by water extraction, alcohol precipitation, deproteinization, anion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. Its structural characteristics were analyzed with relative weight average molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, partial acid hydrolysis-LC-MS and NMR. Finally, the immunomodulatory effects of two polysaccharides were studied by using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 as a model, and measuring the effects on proliferation, phagocytosis, ROS production and secretion of NO, TNF-α and IL-6. The results showed that JSP-3 and JSP-4 were two homogeneous polysaccharides with relative molecular weights of 15.48 kDa and 44.75 kDa, respectively, mainly composed of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, galactose and arabinose, with different proportions of galacturonan domain (JSP-3: 32.87%±3.53%, JSP-4: 68.64%±0.67%) and rhamnogalacturonan domain (JSP-3: 61.12%±3.37%, JSP-4: 28.28%±0.46%), indicating that both are pectic polysaccharides. Compared with the control group, JSP-3 and JSP-4 have no cytotoxic effect within 12.5~100 μg/mL. At a certain concentration, it increased the production of ROS and the secretion of NO, TNF-α and IL-6, also promoted the phagocytosis of mouse macrophages significantly (P

To evaluated the risk ratio of Allergic rhinitis (AR) people on the symptoms after COVID-19 infection, and explored the relationship between AR and the symptoms after COVID-19 infection. An observational study was performed of people from outpatient department of the Hospital of Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine. Participants completed an electronic survey and between January 10 to January 20, 2023. We divided the participants into three groups according to the disease information of the population: non-AR people group (AR-N), AR patients with sublingual immunotherapy group (AR-S), and AR patients with conventional therapy group (AR-C). A total of 1116 participants were included in the study, with an average age of 21.76 ± 8.713, women accounted for 62.5%, men accounted for 37.5%. The final results showed that the risk of most symptoms after AR-C infection was not different from that of AR-N, except for sore throat, dry and itchy, chest distress, shortness of breath, and dyspnea. AR-S could effectively reduce the risk of post-infection symptoms including: dry and itchy (OR = 0.484, 95%CI: 0.335–0.698), pain (OR = 0.513, 95%CI:0.362–0.728), cough (OR = 0.506, 95% CI:0.341–0.749), expectoration (OR = 0.349, 95% CI:0.244–0.498), fever (OR = 0.569, 95% CI:0.379–0.853), head and body pain (OR = 0.456, 95% CI:0.323–0.644), fatigue (OR = 0.256, 95% CI:0.177–0.371), cold limbs (OR = 0.325, 95%CI:0.227–0.465), diarrhea (OR = 0.246, 95% CI:0.132–0.457), constipation (OR = 0.227, 95%CI:0.100–0.513), hyposmia (OR = 0.456, 95% CI:0.296–0.701), hypogeusia (OR = 0.397, 95% CI:0.259–0.607), chest distress (OR = 0.534, 95% CI:0.343–0.829), shortness of breath (OR = 0.622, 95% CI:0.398–0.974), palpitations (OR = 0.355, 95% CI:0.206–0.613). The risk of symptoms after COVID-19 infection in allergic rhinitis population receiving sublingual immunotherapy is lower.

ObjectiveGender differences are prevalent in major depressive disorder (MDD), but the gender differences in the relationship between comorbid anxiety and thyroid hormones in young first-episode and drug-naive (FEND) MDD patients are unknown.MethodsA total of 1,289 young outpatients with FEDN MDD were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient. The patient’s blood glucose, blood pressure, thyroid hormone, and thyroid antibody levels were measured. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess patients’ depression, anxiety, and positive symptoms, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders was 80.4 and 79.4% in male and female MDD patients, respectively. Patients with anxiety had higher HAMD and PANSS scores, higher serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (A-TG), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (A-TPO) levels, higher blood glucose and blood pressure levels, and more patients with psychotic symptoms and suicide attempts. Male patients were younger and had a younger age of onset. Logistic regression analysis showed that HAMD score and comorbid suicide attempts were significant predictors of anxiety symptoms in both males and females, whereas A-TG predicted anxiety symptoms in female patients only. Limitations: No causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design.ConclusionThis study showed gender differences in factors associated with anxiety symptoms in patients with MDD. Some factors were associated with anxiety symptoms in both male and female patients, while A-TG was only associated with anxiety symptoms in female patients.

Introduction Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical emergencies, especially in the elderly population. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for CSDH. Some studies have suggested that some specific surgical strategies can have potential benefits for patients with CSDH; however, the best surgical method is still controversial. For a better understanding of surgical treatment for these patients, it is necessary to conduct a network meta-analysis to comprehensively compare the effects of medical treatment and different surgical methods.Methods and analysis This protocol has been reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Related studies published up to April 2023 will be searched in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Wanfang. Randomised controlled trials and non-randomised prospective studies comparing at least two different interventions for patients with CSDH will be included. Quality assessment will be conducted using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool or the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale based on study design. The primary outcome will be the recurrence rates, and the secondary outcome will be the functional outcome at the end of follow-up. Pairwise and network meta-analyses will be conducted using STATA V.14 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). Mean ranks and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve will be used to evaluate each intervention. Statistical inconsistency assessment, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment will be performed.Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not necessary because this study will be based on publications. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration number CRD42022376829.

The amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis was once believed to represent the pathogenic process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, with the failure of clinical drug development and the increasing understanding of the disease, the Aβ hypothesis has been challenged. Numerous recent investigations have demonstrated that the vascular system plays a significant role in the course of AD, with vascular damage occurring prior to the deposition of Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The question of how Aβ relates to neurovascular function and which is the trigger for AD has recently come into sharp focus. In this review, we outline the various vascular dysfunctions associated with AD, including changes in vascular hemodynamics, vascular cell function, vascular coverage, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. We reviewed the most recent findings about the complicated Aβ-neurovascular unit (NVU) interaction and highlighted its vital importance to understanding disease pathophysiology. Vascular defects may lead to Aβ deposition, neurotoxicity, glial cell activation, and metabolic dysfunction; In contrast, Aβ and oxidative stress can aggravate vascular damage, forming a vicious cycle loop.

The predatory stink bug, Arma custos, is a highly effective beneficial predator of crop pests. The lack of gene information related to xenobiotic detoxification and odorant degrading enzymes in the predator stink bugs to date has limited our ability for more in-depth studies of biological control. Hence, we conducted de novo assembly of the A. custos transcriptome from guts, antennae, and other tiussue samples of 5th instar larvae using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 91, 50 and 23 genes of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes were identified, respectively. Gene expansions of CYP3 and CYP4 clans and the hormone and pheromone processing CCE class were found in A. custos. Analysis of tissue-specific expression patterns showed that 37 CYPs, 14 CCEs and 8 GSTs were enriched in guts, and 6 CYPs, 5 CCEs and 2 GSTs were up-regulated in antennae, suggesting their potential roles on xenobiotics detoxification and ordorant degradation. Gene information data presented here could be useful for a deeper understanding of the ecology, physiology and behavior of this beneficial species and could be helpful to improve their bio-control efficiency.

BackgroundIt is common practice to associate schizophrenia (SCZ) patients with substance use. The most commonly used substances in China are tobacco and alcohol. However, few studies have focused on alcohol consumption itself in patients with SCZ. Thus the purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of alcohol use and associated clinical factors in Chinese patients with SCZ.MethodsA total of 616 male inpatients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for SCZ participated in this study. A detailed questionnaire, including data on alcohol consumption was used to collect demographic and clinical information on all patients. The five-factor model of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was adopted to assess psychiatric symptoms.ResultsIn this study, 31.49% of SCZ inpatients had a history of alcohol use, and 82.9% of these patients abstained from alcohol use after the onset of SCZ. Compared to nondrinkers, patients who drank were more likely to smoke (p = 0.004), more likely to have suicide attempts (p = 0.002) and suicidal ideation (p = 0.001), more severe positive (p

ObjectiveThe incidence of thyroid dysfunction (TD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing year by year in the general population. However, the prevalence and correlates of TD in first-episode drug-naive (FEDN) MDD patients have not been explored. This study sought to fill this gap and examine the association between TD and MDD.MethodsWe recruited 1,289 FEDN MDD patients aged 18 ~ 45 years. A total of 1,289 FEDN MDD outpatients were recruited. Demographical and suicide data were collected for each patient, and lipid profiles, thyroid function, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured. The Hamilton Depression Scale 17 (HAMD-17) was assessed for depression.ResultsThe prevalence of TD in young FEDN MDD patients was 64.86%. Compared with those without TD, patients with TD had longer duration of illness, greater HAMD score, higher BMI, TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, and higher suicide attempt rates, but lower HDL-C and FBG levels. Further logistic regression indicated that duration of illness, HAMD score, TC, HDL-C, BMI, and FBG levels were significantly associated with TD.LimitationsNo causal relationship can be drawn due to the cross-sectional design.ConclusionTD is common in young FEDN MDD patients. So clinicians should monitor thyroid function in patients with MDD.

Shrimp is one of the most consumed seafood products globally. Antimicrobial drugs play an integral role in disease mitigation in aquaculture settings, but their prevalent use raises public health concerns on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Vibrio spp., as the most common causative agents of seafood-borne infections in humans, and Enterococcus spp., as an indicator organism, are focal bacteria of interest for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in seafood. In this study, 400 samples of retail shrimp were collected from randomly selected grocery stores in the Greater Sacramento, California, area between September 2019 and June 2020. The prevalence of Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. was 60.25% (241/400) and 89.75% (359/400), respectively. Subsamples of Vibrio (n = 110) and Enterococcus (n = 110) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Vibrio isolates had high phenotypic resistance to ampicillin (52/110, 47.27%) and cefoxitin (39/110, 35.45%). Enterococcus were most frequently resistant to lincomycin (106/110, 96.36%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (96/110, 87.27%), ciprofloxacin (93/110, 84.55%), linezolid (86/110, 78.18%), and erythromycin (58/110, 52.73%). For both Vibrio and Enterococcus, no significant associations were observed between multidrug resistance (MDR, resistance to ≥3 drug classes) in isolates from farm raised and wild caught shrimp (p > 0.05) and in isolates of domestic and imported origin (p > 0.05). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a subset of Vibrio isolates (n = 42) speciated isolates as primarily V. metschnikovii (24/42; 57.14%) and V. parahaemolyticus (12/42; 28.57%), and detected 27 unique antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) across these isolates, most commonly qnrVC6 (19.05%, 8/42), dfrA31 (11.90%, 5/42), dfrA6 (9.5%, 4/42), qnrVC1 (9.5%, 4/42). Additionally, WGS predicted phenotypic resistance in Vibrio isolates with an overall sensitivity of 11.54% and specificity of 96.05%. This study provides insights on the prevalence and distribution of AMR in Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. from retail shrimp in California which are important for food safety and public health and exemplifies the value of surveillance in monitoring the spread of AMR and its genetic determinants.

Summary: Urbanization drives the popularity of western diet (WD), which increased burden in metabolic diseases but also in inflammatory diseases. Here, we show continuous WD disrupted the gut barrier, initiating low-grade inflammation and enhancing the colitis response. Nevertheless, transient WD consumption followed by ad libitum normal diet enhanced mucin production and tight junction protein expression in recovered mice. Furthermore, transient WD consumption surprisingly reduced the subsequent inflammatory response in DSS colitis and Citrobacter rodentium-infection induced colitis. The protective effect of WD training was not sex-dependent, and co-housing experiments suggested microbiota changes were not responsible. We identified important roles for cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and macrophages, pointing to innate myeloid training. Together, these data suggest detrimental effects of WD consumption can be reversed on return to a healthier diet. Furthermore, transient WD consumption leads to beneficial immune training, suggesting an evolutionary mechanism to benefit from feasting when abundant food is available.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of clinical application of ThinPrep Imaging System (TIS) in cervical cytology. Methods Manual screening results of cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) specimens from December 2016 to May 2017 and TIS-assisted screening results of LBC specimens from December 2017 to May 2018 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic rates of abnormal cytology, histological follow-up results for abnormal cytology and high risk-human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) positivity for abnormal cytology specimens were analyzed and compared between the two screening methods. Results A total of 17 407 manual screening results of cervical LBC specimens and 16 564 TIS-assisted screening results of LBC specimens were included. The overall abnormal cytology diagnostic rate was significantly higher in TIS-assisted screening than in manual screening (15.21% vs. 9.58%, P < 0.001), with the diagnostic rate of atypical squamous cells, atypical squamous cells without excluding high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, atypical glandular cells and adenocarcinoma increasing 2.77%, 0.28%, 2.08%, 0.35%, 0.08% and 0.08%, respectively. All results were statistically different (all P < 0.05). In biopsy follow-up of the patients with abnormal cytology, the histological coincidence rates of TIS-assisted screening were higher than those of manual screening, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The number of abnormal glandular cells diagnosed by TIS-assisted screening was 1.89 times that of manual screening (53 cases vs. 28 cases), and the number of adenocarcinomas (confirmed by histology) in TIS-assisted screening was 2.3 times as many as that in manual screening (37 cases vs. 16 cases). The Hr-HPV positivity rates of patients with abnormal squamous epithelial cells in TIS-assisted screening and manual screening were not statistically different. Meanwhile, TIS-assisted screening was more time efficient, with 33%-50% reduction of time. Conclusion The use of TIS-assisted screening not only improved the detection rate of abnormal cytology and the work efficiency, but also increased histological compliance rate, which is worthy of further clinical application.