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The anhydrous, hydrous and bitumen-extracted simulations were carried out for the immature source rocks from the Liaohe sag. It has been shown from the result that with increasing temperature in simulation experiments, the fatty acids content decreased at first and then increased. The decrease of fatty acids in immature rocks is presumably related to alkanes generation in immature oils, whilst the increase may be related to the fact that some additional fatty acids are generated from kerogen and the tightly bound fatty acids in kerogen are released as bound fatty acids in kerogen and unbound fatty acids in bitumen. The fact that the bitumen generated from kerogen contains fatty acids has demonstrated that some bound and tightly bound fatty acids in kerogen can be transferred into bitumen. The preferential fatty acids in the immature source rocks are found to be mono-carboxylic acids with longer chains, whilst krogen contains relatively more di-carboxylic acids. It has been found that the fatty acids in immature source rocks can be changed from that with more longer chains to that with more shorter chains when evolution extent has been increased. Based on simulation results and the fact that the majority of fatty acids in immature oils are those with longer chains, it is inferred that the contribution of fatty acids to forming alkanes in immature oils mainly takes place at the evolution stage withR 0

Correlation fractal analysis and R/S analysis of four indexes from Core TS95, Tianshuihai Lake, western Tibetan Plateau, FeO, Fe 2O 3, the ratio of Fe 2O 3/FeO, and organic carbon, are conducted. It is found obviously that the 4 time series are chaotic and have Hurst phenomena. The chaotic or abnormal attractors for FeO, Fe 2O 3, Fe 2O 3/FeO and organic carbon are 2.8, 3.2, 2.9 and 2.5 respectively with saturated embedded dimensions ranging from 5 to 6, suggesting that the dynamic system controlling the local climatic and environmental evolution is chaotic. It has definte variables. To establish the system, at least 3 to 4 variables, at most 5-6 variables, are needed. This generally agrees with deep sea oxygen isotope and differs by large from some climatic indexes of loess profiles. The Hurst indexes of the four proxies are FeO 0.85, Fe 2O 3 0.76, Fe 2O 3/FeO 0.65 and organic carbon 0.74 respectively, indicating that they have obviously long run dependence persistence. This is in accordance with previous studies [13-15] . The persistence results most probably from the uplift of Tibetan Plateau. This suggests that in addition to the global vacillation of climate and environment, some local factors such as the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and the change in Tianshuihai Lake drain age, have probably played a role on the proxies of climate and environment. The differences between the four Hurst indexes result possibly from the relatively easy migration of FeO that is influenced by the hydrological change of the drainage. The organic carbon and Fe 2O 3, the two of the four, are probably more suitable to extract the persistence component of environmental evolution.

Organic geochemical analysis, organic petrology and fluid inclusion methods were employed to investigate a series of cuttings and cores from a single well for evaluation of the oil-generating potential of the Guangan structure in the Shichuan Basin. Information was obtained on the abundance and type of kerogens in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata in the region; the fluid inclusion study provided information about the maturity of organic matter in the samples. The results show that the Jurassic shales, as well as the Permian and Carboniferous carbonates, have good oil- and gas-generating potential. In addition, the Jurassic source rocks were shown to have reached the stage of oil generation, whereas the Permian and Carboniferous source rocks have reached the zone of gas generation. Evidence is given to show that the Carboniferous carbonates may be good petroleum reservoirs in this area.

The Quaternary sediments of the Chiawobao basin in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, represented by cores from drill wells, were studied to understand their amino acids, fatty acids, sterols, steranes, terpanes and alkanes. As a result, it has been recognized that the organic matter in sediments were mainly derived from zooplankton and phytoplankton, as well as high plnat debris. During early diagenesis, the amino acid content had dropped sharply, and n-alkane with a low molecular weight had been generated from fatty acids through decarboxylic function, whereas sterols seemed to be more stable as compared with fatty acids, and the odd carbon preference in n-alkanes may have remained until the late diagenesis stage. The results from this study have provided valuable data for understanding the evolution of organic matter at the early diagenesis stage.

In order to understand thermal stabilities of various biomarkers in sedimentary rocks, and to utilize them to subdivide the stage of diagenesis and to define the immature oil-generating threshold in the eastern part of China, serial cores from various depths and core samples from well WHI-I, heated in a simulation experiment at various temperatures, have been analysed. As a result, the relative thermal stabilities for alkybenzenes, alkylithophenes, benzohopanes, hopenes, diasterenes, ββ-hopanes, steranes and terpanes have been recognized and it has been suggested that the immature oil-generating threshold could be defined at the depth at which there are no hopenes in sedimentary rocks.