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Paraphlomis strictiflora J.C. Yuan, B. Chen & C.L. Xiang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Type:— CHINA. Guizhou Province, Yinjiang County, Yangjiaping, in the forest or at streamside. 27°51′19.97″N, 108°31′55.90″E, alt. 871m, 21 Jul. 2022, Y. Zhao et al. XCL2120 (holotype: KUN!; isotypes: CSH!, K!, KUN!, PE!). Diagnosis:— Paraphlomis strictifora is morphologically most similar to P. lanceolata Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 922), but differs in its 9–12 mm long (vs. 5–7 mm) and conspicuously (vs. inconspicuously) 5-veined calyces with triangular (vs. broadly ovate-triangular) teeth, and white (vs. yellow to yellowish white) corollas with straight (vs. obviously reflexed) lower lips. Description:— Perennial herbs, stoloniferous. Stems erect, 50–70 cm tall, rarely branched, 4-angled, sulcate, base glabrous, apex retrorsely strigose, leafless toward the base. Leaves opposite; lamina ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, herbaceous, 7–16 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, apex long acuminate, base cuneate-decurrent, margin coarsely dentateserrate, adaxially dark-green, sparsely hirsute, abaxially whitish green, sparsely hirsute on veins, lateral veins 3–5 paired; petioles 0.5–1.2 cm long. Verticillasters 2–6-flowered, widely spaced, bracteoles subulate, 1–2 mm long, sparsely strigose, pedicels ca. 2 mm long. Calyx green, obconical, 9–12 mm long, 3–4 mm in diam at apex, sparsely hispidulous on veins outside, glabrous inside, conspicuously 5-veined; teeth 5, subequal, triangular, 2–3 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, apex acute, margin hispidulous. Corolla white, 16–18 mm long; tube 8–10 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, straight, pubescent annulate inside at 1/4 towards base; 2-lipped, lips subparallel, upper lip oblong, entire, erect, ca. 7 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, densely pubescent outside, lower lip spreading and straight, ca. 8 mm long, 3-lobed, medium lobe largest, trapeziform, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, margin entire, lateral lobes reflexed. Stamens 4, straight, anterior 2 longer, filament sparsely pubescent, posterior 2 shorter, filament densely pubescent, anther cells 2. Style glabrous, ca. 1.8 cm, long apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Ovary glabrous, truncate at apex. Mericarps not seen. Phenology:— Flowering from July to August. Etymology:— The specific epithet traces back to the distinct corolla of the new species compared with that of other species of Paraphlomis, with both lips of the corolla straight and not reflexed. Distribution and habitat:— Paraphlomis strictiflora is currently only known from Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve in Guizhou Province, China (Fig. 3). Affected by the Southeast Asia Pacific monsoon, the Fanjing Mountains are located in the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone (Tsai et al. 2018). The new species grows on moist rocks at the streamside in evergreen broad-leaved forests at an altitude of ca. 900 m. Common name (assigned here):— zhi hua jia cao su (ĦAE假ďḟ; Chinese name). The name means a species of Paraphlomis with straight corolla in English. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— CHINA. Guizhou Province: Yinjiang County, Chanxi Town, 27°51’19.54″N, 108°31’55.2″E, alt. 857 m, 22 Jul. 2021, B. Chen et al. CB05956 (CSH). Specimens of P. lanceolata examined: — CHINA. Hunan Province: Wugang City, Yunshan (Mt. Yun), 7 Aug. 1918, H. Handel-Mazzetti 2540 (holotype: WU0063810; isotypes: E00284169, IBSC0005125, GH00001399); Yunshan National Forest Park, 25 Jun. 2021, A. Liu & Y.K. Gong WGYS085 (KUN); Ningyuan County, Jiuyi Mountain Conservation Area, 11 Jun. 2020, A. Liu & C. Ding LK0825 (KUN); Guidong County, Oujiang Town, 11 Jul. 2020, C. Z. Huang s.n. (KUN); Yanling County, Jiuqushui, C.C. Liu et al. LXP-13-23944 (SYS00198865). Jiangxi Province: Luxi County, Wugongshan (Mt. Wugong), 26 Jun. 2017, R.L. Liu & Z.B. Tang 170626012 (GNNU0006350); Ji’an City, Jinggangshan (Mt. Jinggang), 19 Jun. 1965, S.S. Lai 4198 (KUN0277270); ibid., 9 Jul. 1965, S.S. Lai et al. 4403 (KUN0277698)., Published as part of Yuan, Jing-Chen, Chen, Ya-Ping, Zhao, Yue, Li, Hai-Bo, Chen, Bin & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2022, Paraphlomis strictiflora (Lamioideae, Lamiaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China, pp. 276-286 in Phytotaxa 575 (3) on pages 278-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7431324, {"references":["Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Paraphlomis. In: Handel-Mazzetti, H. (Ed.) Symbolae Sinicae vol. 7. Springer, Vienna, pp. 921 - 922. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 878","Tsai, Y. H., Stow, D., Chen, H. L., Lewison, R., An, L. & Shi, L. (2018) Mapping vegetation and land use types in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve using Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing 10: 927. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / rs 10060927"]}

Phlomoides labiosiformis (Popov) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm. = Phlomoides semnanensis Ranjbar & C.Mahmoudi, Feddes Repert. 128: 37. 2017, syn. nov. Other specimens seen: — Afghanistan: Deh Kundi 3–30 km NE Shahrestan 2200 m, 1–2 July 1967, Rechinger 36739 (W!); Bamian inter Bulola et Jugum Shibar 2600–2800 m, 14 June 1962, Rechinger 16861 (W!); Bamian Kuh-i Hisar 2600–2900 m, 23 May 1967, Rechinger 36434 (W!); Kataghan 1500 m, 5 May 1967, Rechinger 33880 (W!); Panjao, in valle 12 km E Panjao 2650–2800 m, 21–22 June 1967, Rechinger 36184 (W!, M!); Herat Sabzak pass on road from Herat to Qala Nau, 15 May 1969, Hedge, Wendelbo, Ekberg W8035 (W!). Turkmenistan: Regio transcaspica, Kisil-Arwat, Karakala, in pratis subalpinis montis Sundsodagh, 1 June 1901, - 1800 (W!); Turcomania, Kopetdag, haud procul ab urbe Kara-Kala, 11 June 1931, Linozewsky et Popov 6431 (W!, M!, K!). Iran: Gorgan 1500–1800 m, 5–8 June 1975, Rechinger 73143 (W!); N Gorgan, steppe 5 km S of Gonbad-e Kavus, 6 April 1968, Baker 81 (W!); Mazandaran 38–46 km NW Fulad Mahalla 1400-1500 m, 30 May 1975, Rechinger 72390 (W!); Amol et Siavicheh 500–1800 m, 21 May 1965, Schmid 5862 (W!); Mazandaran Haraz Valley Above Siah Bisheh 900 m, 27 April 1959, Wendelbo 381 (W!); 30 Miles S Babol 2000 m, 13 May 1961, Stutz 1255 (W!); Khorasan Hazar Masdjid, 7–10 June 1948, Rechinger 5788 (W!); Khorasan Kuh-e Nishapur 1600-1800 m, 30 May 1948, Rechinger 4657 (W!); Khorasan Kopet Dagh 2100–2300 m, 12–13 June 1975, Rechinger 53390 (E!). Note: — Popov (1940) described this taxon as a variety of Phlomoides laciniata (former Eremostachys laciniata var. labiosiformis Popov), but based on the size of upper lip of corolla and calyx, Knorring (1954) recognized this variety as a distinct species, i.e. Eremostachys labiosiformis (Popov) Knorring (= Phlomoides labiosiformis). Recently, Ranjbar & Mahmoudi (2017) described P. semnanensis as a new species allied to P. labiosiformis. They mentioned that P. semnanensis differs from P. labiosiformis by a calyx 15–18 mm (versus 20–28 mm) long and corolla 26–29 mm (versus 35–40 mm) long. However, based on the photos of P. semnanensis in its natural habitat, it seems that the plants were collected at anthesis, and the smaller flower size is due to early collection date and immature plants. Therefore, P. semnanica is considered here as a synonym of P. labiosiformis.

Phlomoides thyrsiflora (Benth.) Salmaki = Phlomoides kermanica Ranjbar & C. Mahmoudi, Webbia 70: 239. 2015, syn. nov. Other specimens seen: — Afghanistan: Helmand Stausee Kajakai (y) Berghange, 1 April 1972, Anders 8335 (W!, G!, M!); Kandahar Dasht beim Flughafen 1000 m, 21 April 1972, Anders 8686 (W!, M!); Kandahar, 29 April 1950, Wurzburg 16370 (W!); Steppe Zwischen Kalat-i Ghilsai and Kandahar, Rechinger 16383 (W!); Tirin, Rechinger 09297 (W!); Tirin, 42 km S Tirin 1800 m, 23 May 1967, Rechinger 35063 (W!); Orozgan 2000–2200 m, 24 May 1967, Rechinger 35203 (W!, E!, G!, K!); Kandahar versus Kalat-i Ghilzai 1300 m, Rechinger 33567 (E!, G!, K!); Tirin, Rechinger 35063 (G!); Kandahar bei Nurmohammadkhan 24 km W Kandahar, 22 April 1977, Podlech & Jarmal 28869 (G!, M!); Griffith 4034 (LE!), Paktia Umgebung, 30.5.1971, Podlech 71/231 (M!); Kandahar Lashkargah 900 m, 17 April 1978, Podlech 30735 (M!); Helmand Kajaki, Freitag & Breokle 4601 (M!). Pakistan: Quetta inter Qila Abdullah, 1600–1900 m, 8 May 1965, Rechinger 28998 (G!, W!, M!); Quetta inter Bostan 1600 m, 10 May 1965, Rechinger 24140 (W!) Beloutchistan environs de Quetta, F. Schmid 1560 (G!); Baluchistan, Zaffar 4899 (K!). Note: —Although Phlomoides thyrsiflora (formerly known as Eremostachys thyrsiflora) has been reported in Iran from Kerman Province by Jamzad (2012), Ranjbar and Mahmoudi ignored this record and described Phlomoides kermanica as a new species based on the samples collected from the same locality. They mentioned that P. kermanica is similar to P. thyrsiflora in habit, stem branching, calyx and bract shape, but it is different mainly because of the smaller size of the plants, leaves, inflorescences as well as calyx, bracts and corolla. In addition, the basal leaves of P. kermanica should be pinnatisect or pinnatipartite against shallowly dentate with few unequal teeth to subentire in P. thyrsiflora (Ranjbar & Mahmoudi 2015). However, P. kermanica falls in the same morphological variation as we observed in several specimens from Afghanistan and Pakistan as the main centers of the diversity of P. thyrsiflora. Thus, here we propose P. kermanica described by Ranjbar & Mahmoudi (2015) as a new synonym of P. thyrsiflora.

Elsholtzia griffithii Hooker (1885: 644, Fig. 2). Type: — East Bengal, the late East India Company, Griffith W ., 3975 (holotype: K!; isotype: P!). Diagnostic characters: — Elsholtzia griffithii Hook. f. is morphologically similar to E. cyprianii (Pavol.) S. Chow ex Hsu, but can be distinguished from the former by its lanceolate bracts exceeding the flowers, 3.0–4.0 mm long; five calyx-lobes unequal, of which anterior two lobes shorter than three posterior lobes (vs. bracts up to 3.0 mm, generally shorter than flowers, calyx teeth equal in E. cyprianii). Herbs annual, 15–60 cm tall. Stems simple, erect, 4-angled, densely retrorse pubescent or villous. Leaves opposite; petiole 0.5–2.0 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 2.0–8.0 cm × 1.0– 2.5 cm, herbaceous, adaxially dark green, puberulent, abaxially densely pubescent, glandular, base broadly cuneate, decurrent, midrib prominent abaxially, lateral veins 4–6 paired, margin crenate-serrate to coarsely serrate, apex acute. Spikes cylindric, 8–15 × 0.5–1.0 cm, terminal, retrorse white pubescent; verticillasters compact; bracts lanceolate, 3.5–4.0 mm long, exceeding the flowers; pedicle nearly absent. Calyx green, tubular-campanulate, ca. 1.8 mm, densely white pubescent outside, teeth 5, lanceolate, ca. 0.8 mm long, anterior 2 calyx lobes shorten, and the posterior frontal lobe is longer than two lateral lobes. Corolla reddish or white, 2–2.5 mm, pubescent and glandular outside, glabrous inside; 2-lipped, upper lip entire or emarginate, middle lobe of lower lip circular, lateral lobes semicircular, margin entire. Stamens 4, straight, exserted from upper lip of corolla, 2 anterior stamens much longer, 3.0– 3.5 mm long, filaments filiform, glabrous. Style much exserted, 2.5–3.0 mm as long as posterior pair of stamens, apex equally two-cleft. Phenology: —Flowering from May to August, fruiting from August to October. Distribution and Habitat: — Bangladesh, China (Guangxi), India, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand (Bongcheewin & Chantaranothai 2008; Hong et al. 2021). Elsholtzia griffithii is currently known from Huanjiang County of Guangxi Province in southern China. It grows on the rocks of field or on the roadside at an altitude of 264–314 m, together with Bidens pilosa Linnaeus (1753: 832), Acalypha australis Linnaeus (1753: 1004), Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus (1753: 435), Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnepain (1911: 349) etc. Elsholtzia griffithii is known only in two locations in Huanjiang County, Guangxi, further exploration may result in the discovery of additional localities for this species. Common name (assigned here): —Chang Bao Xiang Ru (Rfiŧḛ; Chinese name). Additional specimens examined of Elsholtzia griffithii: — CHINA. Guangxi Province: Huanjiang County, Chuanshan, near the ancient road of Xiazhai village, 25°8′39.53″N, 108°3′5.43″E, on the rock of field, alt. 264 m, 18 May 2021, Sun ZP and Xiao JF DC03 (KUN); Huanjiang County, Chuanshan, on the way from Shangbaidan village to Mulun Nature Reserve, roadside, alt. 314 m, 19 Jun. 2021, Sun ZP and Xiao JF DC06 (KUN). Additional specimens examined of Elsholtzia cyprianii: — CHINA. Guangxi Province: Jingxi County, Sanhe, Damengtun village, alt. 980 m, 27 Sep. 2010, Huang et al. LYJX0786 (IBK); Jingxi County, Tongling large barranca, alt. 390 m, 8 Dec. 2015, Zhang et al. s.n. (PE); Tianlin County, Langping, Nongyang village, alt. 1300 m, 30 Nov. 2012, Tian Lin Exped. 451029121130030 (GXMG). Jiangxi Province: Xiushui County, Dachun, near Yangjinyunkeng village, alt. 689 m, 28 Oct. 2014, Tan et al. 2125 (KUN). Sichuan Province: Mianning County, alt. 1820 m, 30 Oct. 1993, Zhao ZC 5345 (PE). Yunnan Province: Eryuan County, Dengchuan to Eeyuan on the way, alt. 2050 m, 10 Oct. 2012, Xiang CL 521 (KUN); Kunming City, Panlong District, Xiaoshao village, alt. 2350 m, 19 Oct. 2019, Sun ZP and Zhang BY SZP0006 (KUN); Nanjian County, Gonglang, near Luodihe hydroelectric dam, alt. 1210 m, 30 Dec. 2015, Liu et al. 4627 (KUN); Yangbi County, Shangpingpo, alt. 1854 m, 29 Nov. 2007, Pu CX and Chen WY 2007157 (KUN); Wenshan City, near Wenshanzhuili street, 1404 m, 5 Nov. 2007, Chen WY, Ji YH and Pu CX 2007105 (KUN); Yingjiang County, near Pugahe bridge, alt. 710 m, 14 Dec. 2012, Guo et al. 12 CS5292 (KUN); Dali City, Jizu mountain, alt. 2231 m, 28 Nov. 2007, Pu CX and Chen WY 2007154 (KUN). Additional specimens examined of Elsholtzia communis: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Honghe City, Lvchun County, Pinghe, alt. 990 m, 15 Feb. 2008, Li R and Zhang HX DZL-253 (KUN); Menghai County, Jingpozuzhai village, alt. 1600 m, 18 Dec. 1986, Huang ZX 38948 (KUN); Mengla County, alt. 590 m, 27 Nov. 1957, Cai XT 80429 (KUN, PE). Additional specimens examined of Elsholtzia pilosa: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Eryuan County, Jiulong village, alt. 2100 m, 11 Oct. 2012, Xiang CL et al. 537 (KUN); Heqing County, Maer mountain, alt. 2546 m, 5 Oct. 2010, Sun et al. SunH-07ZX-3153 (PE); Kunming City, Panlong District, Xiaoshao village, alt. 2350 m, 19 Oct. 2019, Sun ZP and Zhang BY SZP0005 (KUN); Shilin County, Shidulin, alt. 2300 m, 12 Sep. 1958, Wang WC 226 (KUN); Songming County, alt. 2200 m, 9 Oct. 1940, Zhang YB 0017 (IBSC). Tibet: Jilong County, Jipu village, 2745 m, 15 Sep. 2019, Chen et al. EM1208 (KUN); Medog County, alt. 2250 m, 24 Sep. 1982, Li BS and Chen SJ 01045 (PE); Baxoi County, on the way from Ranwu to Zayü, alt. 2702 m, 14 Sep. 2012, Hu et al. 1209064 (KUN)., Published as part of Sun, Zeng-Peng, Zhao, Yue, Bongcheewin, Bhanubonb, Kim, Sangtae, Guo, Guang, Funamoto, Tsuneo, Wang, Huan-Chong & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2022, Systematic placement of Elsholtzia griffithii (Nepetoideae, Lamiaceae), a new record from China, pp. 39-50 in Phytotaxa 548 (1) on pages 44-46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.548.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6592521, {"references":["Hooker, J. D. (1885) Labiatae. In: Hooker, J. D. (ed.) Flora of British India 4. Reeve & Co., London. pp. 644.","Bongcheewin, B. & Chantaranothai, P. (2008) Two new records of Elsholtzia Willd. (Lamiaceae) from Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 8: 1 - 5.","Hong, J. K., Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. R. & Kim, J. S. (2021) Two unrecorded alien plants of Korean Peninsula: Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. (Urticaceae) and Elsholtzia griffithii Hook. f. (Lamiaceae). Korean Journal of Plant Resources 34: 89 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.7732 / KJPR. 2021.34.1.089","Gagnepain, F. (1911) Notulae Systematicae. Herbier du Museum de Paris 1: 349."]}