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Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men, and in-depth study of its gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the formation and development of prostate cancer. Although single-cell transcriptomics has deeply explored the heterogeneous expression characteristics of prostate cancer, given that normal epithelial cells themselves have different states of differentiation, these normal differentiation characteristics may lead to confusion with heterogeneous tumor characteristics. In this study, we used single-cell data from the GEO database to analyze in detail the heterogeneity of prostate cancer tumor cells/tumor-associated epithelium cells (TAECs), with a particular focus on the differentiation state of epithelial cells in matching normal tissue. We found that after subtype pairing analysis of normal tissue and tumor tissue epithelium based on differentiation status, the characteristics identified later were not consistent with the general characteristics originally exhibited by different TAECs subpopulations. Among them, all TAECs subpopulations showed P53 enrichment and downregulation of the apoptotic pathway, and expressed higher levels of EGFR, ERBB2, interferon receptors, MIF, and cell adhesion-related signals; through transcription factor regulatory network analysis, we observed that YY1, NKX3-1, and EHF had higher transcriptional activity in TAECs subpopulations than normal epithelial cells at the same differentiation stage, while ATF3 was the opposite. Among them, YY1 may act as an upstream regulator of the MIF signaling pathway, and ATF3 is a key upstream transcriptional regulator of differentially expressed genes in the P53 and apoptotic pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the above four transcription factors were significantly correlated with the infiltration of immune cells in prostate cancer, and pan-cancer analysis showed that their expression-related survival risks were widely present in different cancers. It is worth noting that this is merely a preliminary, exploratory study, which inevitably has some deficiencies and limitations. Despite this, this study is committed to bringing a novel and unique perspective to the field through this work, with the hope of opening up new levels of understanding and stimulating more in-depth research and discussion.

Background: Non-chromosomal structure maintenance protein condensin complex I subunit H (NCAPH) has been reported to play a regulatory role in a variety of cancers and is associated with tumor poor prognosis. This study aims to explore the potential role of NCAPH with a view to providing insights on pathologic mechanisms. Methods: The expression of NCAPH in different tumors was explored by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx). The prognostic value of NCAPH was retrieved through GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases. Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to search for the association of NCAPH with tumor immune infiltration. The cBioPortal and PhosphoSite Plus databases showed NCAPH phosphorylation status in tumors. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using bioinformatics. Results: Our findings revealed that NCAPH showed high expression levels in a wide range of tumor types, and was strongly correlated with the prognosis of patients. Moreover, a higher phosphorylation level at S59, S67, S76, S190, S222 and T38 site was discovered in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). NCAPH overexpression was positively correlated with the infiltration level of CD8+T cells and myeloid dendritic infiltration in breast cancer and thymoma. Conclusions: The up-regulation of NCAPH was significantly correlated with the poor prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancer, and NCAPH could be served as a potential immunotherapeutic target for cancers.

In this paper, we consider a coupled space-time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger type equation which can be used for describing nonrelativistic quantum mechanical behavior. Under the help of the fractional complex transform and the conformable fractional derivative sense, we apply the extended auxiliary equation method, the modified He’s semi-inverse method and the improved Weierstrass elliptic function method to obtain many exact solutions. These exact solutions include the bright, dark, bright-dark, bright-like and kinky-bright optical soliton solutions as well as trigonometric function solutions, the Jacobi elliptic function solutions and the general solutions in form of Weierstrass elliptic function. The behaviors of some obtained solutions are displayed through the 3D graphs for different fractional orders by using Matlab. The obtained results show that these proposed methods are straightforward, efficient and can provide more forms of exact solutions, which are helpful to understand the complex physical meaning of space-time fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

In this paper, a new model combining four-directional total variation with overlapping group sparsity is proposed, which not only suppresses the staircase effects introduced by traditional total variation, but also fully utilizes the gradient neighborhood information on each pixel of the image. In order to decrease the computation time of image denoising, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is adopted to divide the complex optimization problem into separate subproblems that are easy to solve. At the same time, two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and majorization-minimization (MM) are used to solve the subproblems alternatively. Then, the proposed new model is compared with other state-of-the-art models. Experiments show that the new model is robust in denoising. The new model not only excavates the gradient information of the four directions on the image to remove the noise more effectively, but also better in preserving image features, further reducing staircase artifacts.

Abstract NQO1 is a FAD-binding protein that can form homodimers and reduce quinones to hydroquinones, and a growing body of evidence currently suggests that NQO1 is dramatically elevated in solid cancers. Here, we demonstrated that NQO1 was elevated in breast cancer and that its expression level was positively correlated with invasion and reduced disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Next, we found that β-lapachone exerted significant anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effects in breast cancer cell lines due to its effects on NQO1 expression. Moreover, we revealed that the anti-cancer effects of β-lapachone were mediated by the inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that NQO1 could be a useful prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer, and its bioactivatable drug, β-lapachone represented a promising new development and an effective strategy for indicating the progression of NQO1-positive breast cancers.

Breast cancer has become an important factor threatening women's health, and its incidence currently ranks first among female malignancies in China. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are lymphocyte-dominated cell populations that exist in tumors. After being activated by antigen or mitogen stimulation, and in the case of certain tumor growth, lymphocytic alpha is produced. It regulates immune response, induces the expression of multiple cellular antigens, and has a killing effect on multiple tumor cells. In addition, digital holographic phase microscopy only images biological cell samples in one direction, and cannot obtain accurate three-dimensional morphological structure imaging. The combination of tomography technology and digital holographic phase microscopy technology has made the research on the three-dimensional morphological structure and substructure imaging of biological cells enter a new stage. Based on the above background, the research content of this article is to analyze the correlation between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer under a microscope. This article first discusses the observation methods and techniques of tumor cells under a microscope, and then the clinical pathology of breast cancer An example simulation was performed, and the results showed that the positive expression rates of P21 in invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, and benign diseases were 68.2%, 62.7%, and 23.2%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant. The combined detection of OPN and P21 may be able to Become a potential marker for molecular typing of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]