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Excessive inflammation‐associated unregulated coagulation leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and mortality in patients with sepsis worldwide, and current clinical treatment is unsatisfactory. Recent studies have shown that circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), act as potent pro‐inflammation and pro‐coagulation agents, revealing a mechanistic link between innate immunity and coagulation. After establishing a definite correlation between cfDNA and dysfunctional inflammation and coagulation disorders in samples from patients with sepsis, a novel 2D, sheet‐like, cationic cfDNA scavenger using polyamidoamine (P‐G1) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) covered with black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets, called BP‐G1AMP, are fabricated. It is found that BP‐G1AMP significantly suppressed bacterial growth and ameliorated the systemic inflammatory response, associated coagulation disorder, and DIC, resulting in improved survival in a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) mouse sepsis model. This study proposes a novel strategy for fabricating multifunctional nanosheets that can ameliorate inflammation‐associated coagulation during sepsis treatment. These findings demonstrate the importance of 2D nanostructures in the construction of multivalent anti‐bacterial and anti‐coagulation nanoplatforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is recognized as a syndrome of systemic inflammatory reaction induced by dysregulation of the body's immunity against infection. The multiple organ dysfunction associated with sepsis is a serious threat to the patient's life. Endothelial cell dysfunction has been extensively studied in sepsis. However, the role of macrophages in sepsis is not well understood and the intrinsic link between the two cells has not been elucidated. Macrophages are first-line cells of the immune response, whereas endothelial cells are a class of cells that are highly altered in function and morphology. In sepsis, various cytokines secreted by macrophages and endothelial cell dysfunction are inextricably linked. Therefore, investigating how macrophages affect endothelial cells could offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment of sepsis. This review links molecules (TNF-α, CCL2, ROS, VEGF, MMP-9, and NO) secreted by macrophages under inflammatory conditions to endothelial cell dysfunction (adhesion, permeability, and coagulability), refining the pathophysiologic mechanisms of sepsis. At the same time, multiple approaches (a variety of miRNA and medicines) regulating macrophage polarization are also summarized, providing new insights into reversing endothelial cell dysfunction and improving the outcome of sepsis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma and its associated complications, including dysregulated inflammatory responses, severe infection, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), continue to pose lethal threats worldwide. Following injury, cell‐free nucleic acids (cfNAs), categorized as damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released from dying or dead cells, triggering local and systemic inflammatory responses and coagulation abnormalities that worsen disease progression. Harnessing cfNA scavenging strategies with biomaterials has emerged as a promising approach for treating posttrauma systemic inflammation. In this study, the effectiveness of cationic hyperbranched polyaminoglycosides derived from tobramycin (HPT) and disulfide‐included HPT (ss‐HPT) in scavenging cfNAs to mitigate posttrauma inflammation and hypercoagulation is investigated. Both cationic polymers demonstrate the ability to suppress DAMP‐induced toll‐like receptor (TLR) activation, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and hypercoagulation by efficiently scavenging cfNAs. Additionally, HPT and ss‐HPT exhibit potent antibacterial efficacy attributed to the presence of tobramycin in their chemical composition. Furthermore, HPT and ss‐HPT exhibit favorable modulatory effects on inflammation and therapeutic outcomes in a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) mouse abdominal trauma model. Notably, in vivo studies reveal that ss‐HPT displayed high accumulation and retention in injured organs of traumatized mice while maintaining a higher biodegradation rate in healthy mice, contrasting with findings for HPT. Thus, functionalized ss‐HPT, a bioreducible polyaminoglycoside, holds promise as an effective option to enhance therapeutic outcomes for trauma patients by alleviating posttrauma inflammation and coagulation complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has attracted attention because of its potential to accelerate the wound healing process. However, resources for evaluating research trends in the treatment of wounds with PRP were limited. In this study, we aimed to make a bibliometric analysis of the literature related to PRP in the treatment of wounds and explore the research status, hotspots and frontiers in this field in recent 20 years. Studies about PRP treatment for wounds from 2002 to 2021 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI‐E) of Web of Science (WOS) database. Visualisation softwares such as VOSviewer and SCImago Graphica, and CiteSpace were used to analyse the research trends and features. A total of 1748 studies were identified in the SCI‐Expanded from 2002 to 2021. The number of publications on PRP in the treatment of wounds has shown an increasing trend, from 6 (in 2002) to 228 (in 2021). The papers published in the United States have led in times cited (14637) and H‐index (63). Though Italy was slightly lower than China in the number of publications, the H‐index and average cited (47, 28.45) were higher than that of China (38, 27.01). The strongest keyword was "fibrin" (strength = 13.07), and the longest burst duration keyword was "thrombin" (began in 2002 and ended in 2014). The largest 10 co‐citation clusters are as follows: endothelial cell proliferation (#0), regenerative medicine‐associated treatment (#1), diabetic wound healing (#2), autologous derived (#3), platelet‐rich fibrin (#4), tissue engineering (#5), regenerative potential (#6), clinical randomised trial (#7), histologic observation (#8), and wound bacteria (#9). The United States has made the most outstanding contribution in this field. Chinese researchers need to enhance the quality of publications further. Wound Repair Regen. is the most noteworthy journal. The mechanism of growth factors of PRP, combination therapy, preparation of PRP, and related clinical trials may be topics that need attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]