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Objective: In order to improve the yield of oryzanol of rice bran. Methods: Rice bran was selected as the research subject, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were selected as solid-state fermentation strains through single-factor experiments. The mixed bacterial solid-state fermentation process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method combined with the single factor experiments, based on the content of oryzanol. The antioxidant activity of the fermentation extracts was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was used to analyze the principle of oryzanol enrichment in mixed bacterial solid-state fermentation. Results: Under the of mixed bacterial treatment of saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis, the optimal fermentation conditions for rice bran oryzanol was determined to be a fermentation time of 44 h, a fermentation temperature of 34 ℃, an inoculum size of 10%, and a moisture content of 40%. Under these conditions, the oryzanol content was （7.816±0.038） mg/g, which was 1.9 times higher than that of unfermented rice bran. The extracts prepared by mixed bacterial solid-state fermentation exhibited strong DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values of （0.220±0.007）, （0.409±0.014） mg/mL, respectively. These values represented a reduction of 28.6% and 39.7% compared to unfermented rice bran. SEM observation revealed showed that that the surface of rice bran tissue had less oil, a looser and more porous structure after mixed bacterial solid-state fermentation, which was more conducive to the release of rice bran oryzanol. Conclusion: Mixed solid-state fermentation of bacteria significantly increases the oryzanol content and antioxidant activity of rice bran.

Graded bulk-heterojunction (G-BHJ) with well-defined vertical phase separation has potential to surpass classical BHJ in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, an effective G-BHJ strategy via nonhalogenated solvent sequential deposition is demonstrated using nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) OSCs. Spin-coated G-BHJ OSCs deliver an outstanding 17.48% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DP-XPS) and angle-dependent grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) techniques enable the visualization of polymer/NFA composition and crystallinity gradient distributions, which benefit charge transport, and enable outstanding thick OSC PCEs (16.25% for 300 nm, 14.37% for 500 nm), which are among the highest reported. Moreover, the nonhalogenated solvent enabled G-BHJ OSC via open-air blade coating and achieved a record 16.77% PCE. The blade-coated G-BHJ has drastically different D-A crystallization kinetics, which suppresses the excessive aggregation induced unfavorable phase separation in BHJ. All these make G-BHJ a feasible and promising strategy towards highly efficient, eco- and manufacture friendly OSCs.

It is highly desired yet challenging to develop advanced elastomers with excellent mechanical properties, including high strength and toughness. In this work, strong and tough rubber/rubber compound vulcanizates were facilely prepared by blending ethylene-propylene-methylene (EPM) and isoprene rubber (IR) together with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and subsequent vulcanization, since both EPM and IR can be vulcanized synchronously by DCP and the well-crosslinked structure of EPM/IR vulcanizate presented a stable phase separation state. By tuning their composition, EPM/IR vulcanizates could present remarkably improved mechanical strength and toughness, as well as excellent energy dissipation and deformation recovery abilities. Furthermore, EPM/IR/SiO2 nanocomposites with better properties were prepared by introducing silica nanoparticles into EPM/IR vulcanizates. It was found that the high toughness and strength of EPM/IR vulcanizates and EPM/IR/SiO2 nanocomposites mainly resulted from the combination of stretchability of EPM and strain hardening of IR. Their excellent energy dissipation and deformation recovery abilities were related to the macromolecular characteristics of EPM and IR, compatibility between EPM and IR, and their crosslinking dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the pre‐emptive treatment modality of azacitidine in combination with interferon‐α (IFN‐α) in AML/MDS patients post‐transplantation. Forty‐seven patients aged 17–62 were enrolled with 14 patients having completed the planned 12 cycles. Following initiation, 72.3% responded positively after the first cycle, peaking at 77.2% by the fifth cycle. Notably, 24 patients maintained sustained responses throughout a median follow‐up of 1050 days (range, 866–1234). Overall survival, leukaemia‐free survival and event‐free survival probabilities at 3 years were 69.5%, 60.4% and 35.7% respectively. Cumulative incidences of relapse and non‐relapse mortality were 36.5% and 4.3% respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that receiving pre‐emptive treatment for fewer than six cycles and the absence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after intervention was significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes. The combination of azacitidine with IFN‐α was well‐tolerated with no observed severe myelotoxicity, and the majority of adverse events were reversible and manageable. In conclusion, the use of azacitidine in conjunction with IFN‐α as pre‐emptive therapy is a safe and effective treatment to prevent disease progression in AML/MDS patients with MRD positivity post‐allo‐HSCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol under H2 and N2 atmosphere was studied over zirconium phosphonate (ZrPO)‐supported PdCu (PdCu/ZrPO) catalysts. The direct hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation activities of PdCu metal active sites and the transfer hydrogenation activity of Zr4+−O2− Lewis acid‐basic sites were investigated, respectively. The size and the distribution of Cu particles could be adjusted by altering the P/Zr molar ratio. Bimetallic PdCu could enhance the acidity of the PdCu/ZrPO catalysts, and improve the ratio of Lewis/Brønsted acid, which led to an increase in the transfer hydrogenation activity of Lewis acid‐basic pairs. The electronic effect between Pd and Cu promoted furfural to absorb onto electron‐deficient Cu through η1(O)‐aldehyde configuration, which contributed to the direct hydrogenation and the transfer hydrogenation at metal active sites. Especially, the adsorption and dissociation of H2 in electron‐rich Pd were promoted, which significantly improved the direct hydrogenation activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving a more balanced charge transport by morphological control is crucial in reducing bimolecular and trap‐assisted recombination and enhancing the critical parameters for efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Hence, a facile strategy is proposed to reduce the crystallinity difference between donor and acceptor by incorporating a novel multifunctional liquid crystal small molecule (LCSM) BDTPF4‐C6 into the binary blend. BDTPF4‐C6 is the first LCSM based on a tetrafluorobenzene unit and features a low liquid crystal phase transition temperature and strong self‐assembly ability, conducive to regulating the active layer morphology. When BDTPF4‐C6 is introduced as a guest molecule into the PM6 : Y6 binary, it exhibits better compatibility with the donor PM6 and primarily resides within the PM6 phase because of the similarity‐intermiscibility principle. Moreover, systematic studies revealed that BDTPF4‐C6 could be used as a seeding agent for PM6 to enhance its crystallinity, thereby forming a more balanced and favourable charge transport with suppressed charge recombination. Intriguingly, dual Förster resonance energy transfer was observed between the guest molecule and the host donor and acceptor, resulting in an improved current density. This study demonstrates a facile approach to balance the charge mobilities and offers new insights into boosting the efficiency of single‐junction OSCs beyond 20 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to evaluate the shaping capability of Pathfile and WaveOne in simulated root canals. Methods A total of 20 simulated resin blocks were divided randomly into two groups, group W prepared with WaveOne alone. Group PW prepared with WaveOne and Pathfile. Preparation time and number of separated instru⁃ ments were measured respectively. Pre ⁃ and post ⁃ operative images were obtained with a scanner and superimposed through Photoshop and ImageJ2X. The changes in canal bending curvature and material removal from the inner and out⁃ er canal walls at 10 points beginning at 1mm from the end point of the canal were measured with ImageJ2X. Centering capability was determined accordingly by comparing and analyzing the material removal from the inner and outer canal walls. Results Two groups have no occurrence of instrument separation, no statics significance in root canal prepara⁃ tion and the changes of root canal working length differences (P > 0.05). But at position of root canal point 4 to 5 mm, the misalignment of group W were 0.085 ± 0.05 mm and -0.312 ± 0.068 mm, the misalignment of group PW were -0.071 ± 0.042 mm, -0.26 ± 0.103 mm (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both two groups instruments showed good performance in preparation but both created some apical transportation. However, group PW exhibited more superior centering capabili⁃ ty than group W in the middle part of the canal.