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Replica symmetry breaking (RSB) has been widely recognized as a statistical analysis approach to understand the disorder and nonlinear interactions in complex systems ranging from atoms to the cosmic scale. However, it is challenging to analyze the nonlinear optical characteristics of random laser (RL) in disordered gain medium via RSB due to the lack of a general RSB-based statistical analysis framework. In this work, we report the tunable RSB in polymer fiber RL, where the effects of temperature and different structures on RSB are investigated experimentally and theoretically. It experimentally proves that RSB in RL is not robust, and disorder and temperature are responsible for tunable RSB in RL, which contributes to the improvement of the statistical analysis framework for investigating the optical principles of RL using RSB. And the finding of the tunable RSB allows to investigate the dynamical differences for various RL systems, which broadens the directions for the use of spin-glass theory to explore the physical mechanism of RL.

This paper systematically demonstrated a variety of experimental phenomena of random lasers (RLs) of N,N′-di-(3-(isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes)propyl) perylene diimide (DPP) organic/inorganic hybrid laser dye, which is composed of perylene diimide (PDI) as gain media and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as scattering media at a mole ratio of 1:2. In this work, we observe the transition from incoherent RL in the DPP-doped solutions and polymer membrane systems using dip-coating method to coherent RL in the polymer membrane system with defect waveguide using semi-polymerization (SP) coating method. Meanwhile, we found that the hybrid dye-DPP has a long lasing lifetime compared with the traditional laser dyes, which indicates that the POSS group can suppress the photo-bleaching effect to extend the working life of laser dyes.

In order to pursue faster growth and development of weaned piglets, increased dietary protein (CP) levels were favoured by the pig industry and the feed industry. The digestive organs of piglets were not fully developed at weaning, and the digestive absorption capacity of protein was limited. High‐protein diets can cause allergic reactions in piglets, destroy intestinal structural integrity, reduce immunity, and cause intestinal flora imbalance. Undigested proteins were prone to produce toxic substances, such as ammonia and biogenic amines, after fermentation in the hindgut, which negatively affects the health of the intestine and eventually causes reduced growth performance and diarrhoea in piglets. This review revealed the mechanism of diarrhoea caused by high‐protein diets in weaned piglets and provided ideas for preventing diarrhoea in weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replica symmetry breaking (RSB) has been introduced in a random laser to investigate the interactions between disorder and fluctuations. In this work, the dynamic difference between four non-energy transfer and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-assisted random laser systems is investigated based on RSB. It is found that FRET is one of the key factors influencing RSB, and it is demonstrated that RSB in a random laser is not robust. This dynamic difference can be attributed to the different disorders induced by the gain mechanism in different random laser systems. This provides experimental evidence and theoretical support for the classification feasibility of RL with different emission mechanisms employing RSB.

In this study, the two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattice metallic photonic crystals (PCs) in visible and infrared bands have been utilized to achieve light confinement at the Dirac frequency. Distinct from the traditional bandgap or total internal reflection cavity modes, the unique photonic localization mechanism leads to an unusual algebraic decay of state and a unique frequency located beyond any bandgaps. This investigation delves into the band structure analysis of 2D metallic PCs, specifically focusing on their distinctive features, such as photonic bandgaps and Dirac cones. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method, enhanced with a linearization technique, is employed for band structure calculations, considering both the frequency-dependent dielectric properties and the intrinsic lossy nature of metallic materials described by the Drude model. The study provides a comprehensive derivation of the PWE equations for metallic PCs and investigates their band characteristics under both TM and TE polarizations. Focusing on TM modes in triangular lattice metallic PCs, it reveals zero density of states (DOS) at K points of the Brillouin corner and the existence of Dirac cones with linearly dispersion and linearly vanishing DOS. The study extends to exploring localized modes at Dirac frequencies, employing a relativistic quantum mechanics approach analogous to graphene's charge carriers. Theoretical predictions are corroborated by numerical simulations, and the potential for tunable Dirac localized modes is highlighted. This research not only deepens the understanding of Dirac properties in graphene-like systems but also lays the groundwork for further exploration of the practical quasi-2D devices, which will provide assistance in the integration of micro- and nano- devices, especially in applications requiring long-range coupling, given the critical importance of optical cavities in contemporary optical technologies.