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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a kind of fatal stroke with the highest mortality and morbidity in the world. To date, there is no effective treatment strategy for ICH. Curcumin, a major active ingredient of Curcuma longa L., possesses a potential anti-inflammatory activity in many types of disease. In the current study, the mechanism underlying curcumin attenuated ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation was explored. Herein, we studied that curcumin decreased brain edema and improved neurological function by using brain edema measurement, assessment of neurological-deficient score, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting analyses after ICH. The results showed that curcumin improved ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Functionally, the polarization of microglia was assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting analyses after ICH in the absence or presence of curcumin. The results suggested that the M1-type microglia were activated after ICH, while the effect was blocked by curcumin treatment, suggesting that curcumin alleviates the neuroinflammation and apoptosis of neurons by suppressing the M1-type polarization of microglia. Mechanically, M1 polarization of microglia was regulated by JAK1/STAT1, and the activation of JAK1/STAT1 was blocked by curcumin. Meanwhile, the protective function of curcumin can be blocked by RO8191, an activator of JAK1. Taken together, our study suggested that curcumin improved the ICH-induced brain injury through alleviating M1 polarization of microglia/macrophage and neuroinflammation via suppressing the JAK1/STAT1 pathway. Key words: intracerebral hemorrhage, inflammation, microglia, curcumin, JAK1/STAT1 pathway L'hémorragie intracérébrale (HIC) est un type d'accident vasculaire cérébral fatal auquel on associe une mortalité et une morbidité des plus élevées au monde. ?€ ce jour, il n'existe aucune stratégie de traitement efficace de l'HIC. La curcumine, un ingrédient actif majeur de Curcuma longa L., exerce une activité anti-inflammatoire potentielle dans de nombreux types de maladies. Dans la présente étude, les auteurs ont exploré le mécanisme qui sous-tend l'atténuation par la curcumine de l'apoptose neuronale et de la neuroinflammation induites par l'HIC. Ils ont étudié ici la diminution de l'cedème cérébral et l'amélioration de la fonction neurologique induites par la curcumine en utilisant la mesure de l'cedème cérébral, l'évaluation du score de déficience neurologique, l'immunofluorescence et les analyses de transfert Western après une HIC. Les résultats montrent que la curcumine diminue l'apoptose neuronale et la neuroinflammation induites par l'HIC. D'un point de vue fonctionnel, la polarisation de la microglie a été évaluée par immunofluorescence et par des analyses de transfert Western après une HIC en l'absence ou en présence de curcumine. Les résultats suggèrent que la microglie de type M1 était activée après l'HIC, tandis que l'effet était bloqué par le traitement à la curcumine, ce qui suggère que la curcumine atténue la neuroinflammation et l'apoptose des neurones en supprimant la polarisation de type M1 de la microglie. Du point de vue du mécanisme, la polarisation M1 de la microglie était régulée par JAK1/STAT1 et l'activation de JAK1/STAT1 était bloquée par la curcumine. Parallèlement, la fonction protectrice de la curcumine peut être bloquée par le RO8191, un activateur de JAK1. L'ensemble de cette étude suggère que la curcumine diminue les lésions cérébrales induites par l'HIC en atténuant la polarisation M1 de la microglie/macrophage et la neuroinflammation par la suppression de la voie JAK1/STAT1. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés: hémorragie intracérébrale, inflammation, microglie, curcumine, voie JAK1/STAT1, Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a form of stroke in which blood flows into the intracerebral parenchyma, with high risks of death and long-term disability (Ziai and Carhuapoma 2018). As [...]

Summary: Aims: To examine whether early rise of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) after patient hospitalization correlates with 30‐day mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: This retrospective study included all patients receiving treatment for spontaneous ICH between January 2015 and September 2016 at the Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences in Shanghai, China. NLR was determined at admission (T1), at 24‐48 hours (T2) and 5‐7 days (T3). NLR and clinicopathologic features were compared between those who survived for >30 days vs not. Multivariate regression was used to identify risk factors for 30‐day mortality. Results: A total of 275 subjects were included in the analysis: 235 survived for at least 30 days; the remaining 40 subjects died within 30 days. The patients who died within 30 days had higher ICH score, larger ICH volume, and lower GCS score (all P < 0.05). In comparison with the baseline (NLRT1), NLR at 24‐48 hours (NLRT2) and 5‐7 days (NLRT3) was significantly higher in patients who died within 30 days (P < 0.05), but not in patients surviving for >30 days. In the multivariate analysis, the 30‐day mortality was associated with both NLRT2 (OR 1.112, 95%CI 1.032‐1.199, P = 0.006) and NLRT3 (OR 1.163, 95%CI 1.067‐1.268, P = 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that both NLRT2 and NLRT3 correlated inversely with GCS score and positively with ICH score and ICH volume at the baseline. Conclusions: Early rise of NLR predicts 30‐day mortality in patients with spontaneous ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aesthetics in Wang Fuzhi's poetry is the summary achievement of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties. Wang Fuzhi looked upon "the primitive sound of heart" as a core category of his poetry and aesthetic ideology. Through interpreting "the primitive sound of heart", he pointed out that "the primitive sound of heart" was the production of the initial relationship between human beings and the world. It is the very core of poetry. Besides, he made a further illustration on the characteristics of "the primitive sound of the heart". He believed that "human emotion" was "the primitive sound of the heart". Wang Fuzhi made a great contribution to Chinese traditional poetry theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel furan-2-carboxylic acid derivatives are isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum together with two known compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate clinical effect of minimally invasive osteotomy and external fixation with the center of roration of angulation (CORA) in treating cubitus varus in adolescents., Methods: From August 2013 to August 2017, 15 patients with cubitus varus caused by supracondylar fracture of humerus were treated with minimally invasive osteotomy and external fixation with the CORA. Among them, including 9 males and 6 females; 11 patients on the left side and 4 patients on the right side; aged from 13 to 16 years old with an average of 14.5 years old. The time from injury to operation was for 6 to 10 years with an average of 7.5 years. Five patients had a history of recurrence after cubitus varus surgery. Correction time. fracture healing time, carrying angle were observed, Laupattarakasem standard was used to evaluate clinical effect., Results: All patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of 24 months; correction time ranged from 3 to 5 weeks with an average of 4 weeks; fracture healing time ranged from 4 to 6 months with an average of 5 months; carrying angle before operation ranged from -12° to -23°, and improved 9° to 14° after operation. According to Laupattarakasem evaluation criteria, 11 patients got an excellent result, 3 good and 1 fair., Conclusions: Minimally invasive osteotomy and external fixation with CORA in treating cubitus varus deformity in adolescents has advantages of less trauma, less blood loss, earlier exercise, speed and angle of correction could controlled without hospitalized for fixation., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To explore clinical effects of Ilizarov technique at stage I for repairing tibial post-traumatic osteomyelitis with bone and skin defect., Methods: From June 2010 to December 2013,44 patients with tibial post-traumatic osteomyelitis with bone and skin defect were treated with Ilizarov technique at stage I . Among them, there were 35 males and 9 females aged from 18 to 70 years old with an average of 42.5 years old. Bone defect ranged from 4 to 16 cm, skin defect ranged from 3 cm x 4 cm to 5 cm x 16 cm. The operation was performed debridement thoroughly, removed inflammatory bone section, osteotomy invasively, install circular external fixator by Ilizarow technique; screw nut were rotated at 1 week after operation, and prolonged 0.5 to 1.0 mm everyday. Wound surface, new born callus and bone healing were observed to evaluate clinical effects., Results: All patients were followed up from 11 to 36 months with an average of 18.5 months. Bone defect after osteotomy was from 6 to 22 cm with an average of 11.5 cm; the time of wound healing time ranged from 21 to 79 d with an average of 38 d; bone defect healing time was from 8 to 15 months with an average of 12.5 months. All patients were cured, no recurrent infection, refracture and shorten of calf deformity were occurred., Conclusion: Repairing tibial post-traumatic osteomyelitis with bone and skin defect by llizarov technique at stage I has advantages of less trauma, low inflammatory recurrence rate, could avoid multiple complex operation, and receive definite curative effect.