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Following the World Health Organization's guidelines for rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation [≤7 days after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis], China implemented Treat-All in 2016 and has made significant efforts to provide timely ART since 2017. This study included newly diagnosed HIV adults from Tianjin, China, between 2016 and 2022. Our primary outcome was loss to follow-up (LTFU) at 12 months after enrollment. The secondary outcome was 12-month virological failure. The association between rapid ART and LTFU, as well as virological failure, was assessed via Cox regression and logistic regression. A total of 896 (19.1%) of 4688 participants received ART ≤7 days postdiagnosis. The rate of rapid ART has increased from 7.5% in 2016 to 33.3% by 2022. The rapid ART group had an LTFU rate of 3.3%, as opposed to 5.0% in the delayed group. The rapid ART group had a much reduced virological failure rate (0.6% vs. 1.8%). Rapid ART individuals had a reduced likelihood of LTFU [adjusted hazard ratio: 0.65, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.44–0.96] and virological failure (adjusted odds ratio: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12–0.80). The real-world data indicated that rapid ART is practicable and beneficial for Chinese people with HIV, providing evidence for its widespread implementation and scaling up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous expansion of the application range of gob–side entry retaining technology, the depth, height, and advancing speed of coal seams also increase, which brings great problems to the stability control of surrounding rock structures of gob–side entry retaining. As one of the main bearing structures of the surrounding rock, the stability of the roadway–side support body is a key factor for the success of gob–side entry retaining. In order to study the deformation characteristics and instability mechanism of roadway-side support body, based on the roadway–side support materials of gob-side entry retaining, the dynamic expansion test of back–filling concrete cracks under uniaxial compression was carried out. The YOLOv5 algorithm was applied to establish the fine identification and quantitative characterization method of macroscopic cracks of the samples, and the dynamic expansion rule of roadway-side support body cracks and its dimensional effect were revealed by combining the fractal theory. The results show that the F1 value and average precision mean of the intelligent dynamic crack identification model reached 75% and 71%, respectively, the GIoU loss value tends to fit around 0.038, and the model reached the overall optimal solution. During the uniaxial compression process, micro cracks on the surface of the back–filling concrete first initiated at the end, and after reaching the yield stress, the macroscopic cracks developed significantly. Moreover, several secondary cracks expanded, pooled, and connected from the middle of the specimen to the two ends, inducing the overall instability of the specimen. The surface crack expansion rate, density, and fractal dimension all show stage change characteristics with the increase in stress, and the main crack expansion rate has obvious precursor characteristics. With the increase in the size, the decrease in crack density after back–filling concrete failures gradually decreases from 93.19% to 4.08%, the surface crack network develops from complex to simple, and the failure mode transits from tensile failure to shear failure. The above research results provide a basic experimental basis for design optimization and instability prediction of a roadway–side support body for engineering-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prehistoric projectile weapons are crucial for understanding the hunting behavior, survival strategies, and subsistence patterns of prehistoric humans. Arrowheads were the primary prehistoric projectile weapon, and here we review the spatio-temporal distribution and changes in the morphology, quantity, and materials composition of arrowheads in the northern regions of China from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods to the Bronze Age, together with the factors that influenced these changes. The results reveal that primitive stone arrowheads appeared sporadically in the Middle Paleolithic period. Additionally, the "broad spectrum revolution" and microblade technology during the Upper Paleolithic promoted the regional-scale diffusion of broad and thick stone arrowheads in northern China. During the Neolithic period, relatively narrow and thin stone and bone arrowheads spread rapidly across the entire Yellow River Basin and most of northeastern China. The dominance of these two types of arrowheads alternated, during the period of 7000–5000 yr BP, the number of arrowheads peaked, possibly closely related to changes in the role of hunting (fishing and hunting) and gathering in the subsistence economy, human population size, and the emergence and development of a grinding technology. During the Bronze Age, a significant number of bronze arrowheads appeared, and the total number of arrowheads increased again, and their distribution expanded to northwestern China. The emergence of a bronze smelting technology and inter-group conflicts may have been the primary factors influencing this trend. Our results demonstrate that arrowheads were always an essential component of prehistoric tool kits. Due to technological developments in subsistence strategies, the morphology, function, and popularity of arrowheads underwent substantial changes during different periods. Therefore, a comprehensive study of prehistoric arrowheads can help better understand the subsistence patterns and processes of economic and societal development of prehistoric humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence and patterns of pre‐treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance mutations among people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 12 (±3) months in Tianjin, China. Methods: From Jan 2018 to Dec 2020, PLWH with HIV‐1 RNA greater than 1000 copies/mL visiting the ART clinic in the Tianjin Second People's Hospital were enrolled. Viral RNA isolated from blood samples were taken for genotypic resistance testing using an in‐house method. Major drug resistance mutations were analyzed for reverse transcriptase and protease Sanger sequences using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Multivariable Poisson regressions were used to evaluate the factors associated with drug resistance mutations. Results: HIV drug resistance testing was successfully performed on 584 ART‐naive and 71 ART‐experienced participants. Pre‐treatment drug resistance mutation prevalence was 13.5% (79/584) to any antiretroviral drug, 12.5% (73/584) to non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 1.5% (9/584) to nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and 0.3% (2/584) to protease inhibitors (PIs). Acquired drug resistance to any antiretroviral drug among PLWH on ART with viral load >1000 copies/mL was 88.7% (63/71). The prevalence of mutation for NNRTIs, NRTIs, and PIs were 93.7% (59/63), 82.5% (52/63), and 3.2% (2/63), respectively. Conclusions: Pre‐treatment and acquired drug resistance mutations were highly prevalent among PLWH in Tianjin; therefore, routine baseline genotypic resistance testing and adequate intervals of viral load surveillance are urgently needed for the long‐term treatment success. Our findings provide important evidence for first‐ and second‐line regimen drugs for PLWH, especially in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SELENOK was involved in regulating of ERS, lipid metabolism, and immune cell infiltration in melanoma. • Melanoma with a high SELENOK level had a higher immune cell infiltration and a better prognosis. • The risk model based on SELENOK signature genes provided an accurate prognosis prediction for melanoma. Selenium and selenoproteins are closely related to melanoma progression. However, it is unclear how SELENOK affects lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), immune cell infiltration, survival, and prognosis in melanoma patients. Transcriptome data from melanoma patients was used to investigate SELENOK levels and their effect on prognosis, followed by an investigation of SELENOK's effects on immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, a risk model based on ERS, lipid metabolism, and immune-related genes was constructed, and its utility in melanoma prognosis was evaluated. Finally, the drug sensitivity of the risk model was analyzed to provide a reference for melanoma therapy. The results showed that melanoma with a high SELENOK level had a greater degree of immune cell infiltration and a better prognosis. Additionally, SELENOK was found to regulate ERS, lipid metabolism, and immune cell infiltration in melanoma. The risk model based on SELENOK signature genes successfully predicted the prognosis of melanoma, and the low-risk group exhibited a favorable immunological microenvironment. Furthermore, high-risk patients with melanoma were candidates for chemotherapy with RAS pathway inhibitors, whereas low-risk patients were more susceptible to routinely used chemotherapy medicines. In summary, SELENOK was shown to regulate ERS, lipid metabolism, and immune cell infiltration in melanoma, and SELENOK was positively associated with the prognosis of melanoma. The risk model based on SELENOK signature genes was valuable for melanoma prognosis and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is viewed as a progressively deteriorating neurodegenerative disorder, the exact etiology of which remains not fully deciphered to this date. The gut microbiota could play a crucial role in PD development by modulating the human immune system.This study aims to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and PD, focusing on how immune characteristics may both directly and indirectly influence their interaction.Utilizing cumulative data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), our research conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to clarify the association between the gut microbiome and PD. Additionally, by employing a two-step MR approach, we assessed the impact of gut microbiota on PD development via immune characteristics and quantified HLA-DR mediation effect on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).We discovered significant associations between PD and microbiota, comprising one class, one order, two families, and two genera. Furthermore, we explored the extent to which HLA-DR on pDCs mediates the effect of Butyrivibrio gut microbiota on PD.Our study emphasizes the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune characteristics, and PD. The relationships and intermediary roles identified in our research provide important insights for developing potential therapies that target the gut microbiome to alleviate symptoms in PD patients.Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is viewed as a progressively deteriorating neurodegenerative disorder, the exact etiology of which remains not fully deciphered to this date. The gut microbiota could play a crucial role in PD development by modulating the human immune system.This study aims to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and PD, focusing on how immune characteristics may both directly and indirectly influence their interaction.Utilizing cumulative data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), our research conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to clarify the association between the gut microbiome and PD. Additionally, by employing a two-step MR approach, we assessed the impact of gut microbiota on PD development via immune characteristics and quantified HLA-DR mediation effect on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).We discovered significant associations between PD and microbiota, comprising one class, one order, two families, and two genera. Furthermore, we explored the extent to which HLA-DR on pDCs mediates the effect of Butyrivibrio gut microbiota on PD.Our study emphasizes the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune characteristics, and PD. The relationships and intermediary roles identified in our research provide important insights for developing potential therapies that target the gut microbiome to alleviate symptoms in PD patients.Methods: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is viewed as a progressively deteriorating neurodegenerative disorder, the exact etiology of which remains not fully deciphered to this date. The gut microbiota could play a crucial role in PD development by modulating the human immune system.This study aims to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and PD, focusing on how immune characteristics may both directly and indirectly influence their interaction.Utilizing cumulative data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), our research conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to clarify the association between the gut microbiome and PD. Additionally, by employing a two-step MR approach, we assessed the impact of gut microbiota on PD development via immune characteristics and quantified HLA-DR mediation effect on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).We discovered significant associations between PD and microbiota, comprising one class, one order, two families, and two genera. Furthermore, we explored the extent to which HLA-DR on pDCs mediates the effect of Butyrivibrio gut microbiota on PD.Our study emphasizes the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune characteristics, and PD. The relationships and intermediary roles identified in our research provide important insights for developing potential therapies that target the gut microbiome to alleviate symptoms in PD patients.Results: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is viewed as a progressively deteriorating neurodegenerative disorder, the exact etiology of which remains not fully deciphered to this date. The gut microbiota could play a crucial role in PD development by modulating the human immune system.This study aims to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and PD, focusing on how immune characteristics may both directly and indirectly influence their interaction.Utilizing cumulative data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), our research conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to clarify the association between the gut microbiome and PD. Additionally, by employing a two-step MR approach, we assessed the impact of gut microbiota on PD development via immune characteristics and quantified HLA-DR mediation effect on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).We discovered significant associations between PD and microbiota, comprising one class, one order, two families, and two genera. Furthermore, we explored the extent to which HLA-DR on pDCs mediates the effect of Butyrivibrio gut microbiota on PD.Our study emphasizes the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune characteristics, and PD. The relationships and intermediary roles identified in our research provide important insights for developing potential therapies that target the gut microbiome to alleviate symptoms in PD patients.Conclusion: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is viewed as a progressively deteriorating neurodegenerative disorder, the exact etiology of which remains not fully deciphered to this date. The gut microbiota could play a crucial role in PD development by modulating the human immune system.This study aims to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and PD, focusing on how immune characteristics may both directly and indirectly influence their interaction.Utilizing cumulative data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), our research conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to clarify the association between the gut microbiome and PD. Additionally, by employing a two-step MR approach, we assessed the impact of gut microbiota on PD development via immune characteristics and quantified HLA-DR mediation effect on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).We discovered significant associations between PD and microbiota, comprising one class, one order, two families, and two genera. Furthermore, we explored the extent to which HLA-DR on pDCs mediates the effect of Butyrivibrio gut microbiota on PD.Our study emphasizes the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune characteristics, and PD. The relationships and intermediary roles identified in our research provide important insights for developing potential therapies that target the gut microbiome to alleviate symptoms in PD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pit mud (PM) provides a unique anaerobic environment for the fermentation of Nongxiangxing baijiu. Previous research has indicated a close relationship between PM quality and cellar age. However, the molecular basis of microbial dynamics and associated functions of microbial community remain unclear. Here, we explored the microbial communities of PM samples from three different locations with various temporal gradients. Based on the maturity time of PM, all samples were divided into two stages, P1 (cellar age<20) and P2 (cellar age≥20), and 30 microbial genera were identified as biomarkers. Mantel test demonstrated a significant correlation between acetic acid and biomarkers in P1 stage, whereas in P2 stage, hexanoic acid and lactic acid were significantly correlated with the bacterial community. Furthermore, random forest analysis suggested that the main driving factors of the bacterial community succession were NH 4 +–N, available phosphorus, and moisture, while the fungal community succession were available phosphorus and acetic acid. PICRUSt2 analysis demonstrated that the bacteria in aged PM had a higher potential to synthesize butyric acid compared with the new pit mud. Results presented in this study may provide a basis for the future artificial adjustment of PM quality. • Microbial community in pit mud was investigated by high throughput sequencing. • The biomarkers to distinguish different ages of pit mud were revealed. • NH 4 +–N, and AP drove the succession of microbial community in pit mud. • Metabolic functions of microbial community in pit mud were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional buildings consume about 40% of global energy, smart window technologies have been developed for sunlight modulation and energy management. Most current smart windows change from transparent to opaque as the temperature rises, which is detrimental to indoor lighting at daytime or privacy protection at night. In this work, a versatile thermochromic hydrogel system by introducing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles into a crosslinked copolymer of hydrophilic acrylamide and hydrophobic stearyl methacrylate (C18) is developed. The liquid precursor solution can be encapsulated within two glass panels and in situ gelated to prepared smart windows, which showed excellent solar modulation ability (Tlum = 99.05%, DTsolar = 33.42%), dual responsiveness (thermal and pH) and tunable phase transition temperature (20–50 °C). Moreover, this design selectively blocks infrared light, while allowing ultraviolet and visible light through at daytime, which is beneficial for indoor illumination and heat insulation. When temperature drops at night, C18 units aggregate within SDS micelles to increase their dimensions, causing enhanced light blocking properties (opaque) to protect the customers' privacy. The as‐prepared hydrogel‐based smart windows present a facile strategy to meet the stringent requirements of high transparency, excellent solar modulation ability, easy to fabricate and mechanical flexibility, holding great promise for the next‐generation energy‐saving buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a nonautonomous stochastic discrete plate equation driven by multiplicative noise, we prove the unique existence of a pullback random attractor, which is a family of pullback‐attracting random compact sets parameterized by time and samples. We then establish the residual dense continuity of the pullback random attractor on the time‐sample plane with respect to the Hausdorff metric. Even without the Cantor continuum hypothesis, we show that the set of all points of continuity of the pullback random attractor is an uncountable set with the continuity cardinality. These results explain both nonexplosive and nonimplosive phenomena for the random plate lattice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A late Middle Pleistocene mandible from Baishiya Karst Cave (BKC) on the Tibetan Plateau has been inferred to be from a Denisovan, an Asian hominin related to Neanderthals, on the basis of an amino acid substitution in its collagen. Here we describe the stratigraphy, chronology, and mitochondrial DNA extracted from the sediments in BKC. We recover Denisovan mitochondrial DNA from sediments deposited ~100 thousand and ~60 thousand years ago (ka) and possibly as recently as ~45 ka. The long-term occupation of BKC by Denisovans suggests that they may have adapted to life at high altitudes and may have contributed such adaptations to modern humans on the Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of prehistoric hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the mechanisms and processes of human adaption to high altitude environments. But to date, only a few Paleolithic sites have been found on the Tibetan Plateau with clear stratigraphy and reliable dating. These sites are mainly distributed in the Qinghai Lake Basin on the northeastern part of the plateau, and the sporadic fauna and flora remains excavated provide limited information about the subsistence strategies of hunter-gatherers. In 2014, relatively abundant animal remains were unearthed in the Lower Cultural Layer (LCL, 15400–13100 cal yr BP) of the "151 site" located in the Qinghai Lake Basin, providing important information about human subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation. Zooarchaeological analysis of these faunal remains indicates that hunter-gatherers at the "151 site" mainly targeted large ungulates of Bos and wild horse/ass, and only brought back the most nutritious parts of animal carcasses including upper and intermediate limb bones, heads, and trunks (ribs and vertebrae). People then processed and consumed the carcasses around single hearths. Our comprehensive analyses of contemporaneous sites in the Qinghai Lake Basin show that a subsistence strategy involving opportunistic hunting of ungulates, high mobility, and short occupation of campsites was used by terminal Pleistocene hunter-gatherers to adapt to the high-altitude environment on the Tibetan Plateau. This subsistence strategy may have been a first step of gradual hunter-gatherer adaptation to the extreme conditions on the Tibetan Plateau after the Last Glacial Maximum, and laid the foundation for the widespread distribution of hunter-gatherers on the plateau during the Holocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Isotalatizidine is a representative C19-diterpenoid alkaloid extracted from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii, which has been widely used to treat various diseases on account of its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, and immunosuppressive properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of isotalatizidine and its underlying mechanisms against neuropathic pain.Methods: A chronic constrictive injury (CCI)-induced model of neuropathic pain was established in mice, and the limb withdrawal was evaluated by the Von Frey filament test following isotalatizidine or placebo administration. The signaling pathways in primary or immortalized microglia cells treated with isotalatizidine were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.Results: Intrathecal injection of isotalatizidine attenuated the CCI-induced mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. At the molecular level, isotalatizidine selectively increased the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2, in addition to activating the transcription factor CREB and increasing dynorphin A production in cultured primary microglia. However, the downstream effects of isotalatizidine were abrogated by the selective ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126-EtOH or CREB inhibitor of KG-501, but not by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. The results also were confirmed in in vivo experiments.Conclusion: Taken together, isotalatizidine specifically activates the ERK1/2 pathway and subsequently CREB, which triggers dynorphin A release in the microglia, eventually leading to its anti-nociceptive action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • ADH was encapsulated into HKUST-1 via an in situ approach. • HKUST-1 showed an effective catalytic activity toward the oxidation of NADH to NAD+. • ADH@HKUST-1 exhibited a cooperative chemo-enzymatic effect on enzymatic catalysis. • ADH@HKUST-1 achieved a 4.3-fold higher yield of benzaldehyde than that of free ADH. Abstract The combination of enzymatic and chemical reactions to achieve co-operative chemo-enzymatic processes has presented many challenges for decades. In this work, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was encapsulated into metal-organic framework HKUST-1 crystals through an in situ approach to construct a synergistic chemo- and bio-catalysis system, where ADH was for the conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, and HKUST-1 was in charge for the regeneration of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+, the oxidized cofactor). It was found that HKUST-1 was a versatile catalyst for efficient oxidation of NADH in different buffers. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters of immobilized ADH exhibited an increased K M (approximately 1.3-fold) and a decreased V max (approximately 4.7-fold) compared to free ADH. Due to the protection of HKUST-1, the immobilized enzyme showed a better resistance against urea and organic solvents compared with free enzyme, and still maintained 93% of its original activity after 6 cycles. The immobilized enzyme was successfully applied to the enzymatic transformation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in aqueous media at room temperature. Owing to the oxidized cofactor regeneration by HKUST-1, ADH@HKUST-1 composites achieved a benzaldehyde yield of 28.5%, which was approximately 4.3-fold higher than that of the individual bio-catalysis. This concept of combining chemo- and bio-catalysis may provide a novel and versatile technique for applications in biochemical catalysis, biosensors and drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Recurrence is the main cause of death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after liver resection. OBJECTIVE: The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported participated in progression and prognosis of HCC, however, the vital role of lncRNA in postoperative recurrence of HCC has rarely been systematically identified. METHODS: RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed between orthotopic model of HCC and hepatoma postoperative recurrent model to comprehensively analyze the integrated transcriptome expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was then conducted to quantify the expression levels of DElncRNAs and their target mRNAs. RESULTS: In our study, 211 lncRNAs (P -value < 0.05) and 1125 mRNAs (P -adjust < 0.05) were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between two groups. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, including Arachidonic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Linoleic acid metabolism, Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, and Fatty acid degradation. Furthermore, we constructed lncRNA-mRNA interaction networks and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and verified by qRT-PCR, suggesting that increased DEIncRNAs (XLOC_063499 and XLOC_042016) may prevent HCC recurrence after surgery by upregulating on targeted cytochrome P450 (CYP) family genes in the lipid metabolism pathway, such as cyp3a16, cyp3a44, cyp2c39, cyp2c40 and cyp2c68. CONCLUSION: Overall, Our findings provided new insights for further investigation of biological function in lncRNA related HCC recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • β-xylosidase and endoxylanase were co-immobilized on UiO-66-NH 2 by simple mixing. • Co-immobilized β-xylosidase showed enhanced activity at higher temperature. • Co-immobilized β-xylosidase showed better performances in high concentration of acetone. • 52% β-xylosidase and 70% endoxylanase activity were remained after five recycles. Improving the activity of β-xylosidase at high temperature and organic solvents is important for the conversion of xylan, phytochemicals and some hydroxyl-containing substances to produce xylose and bioactive substances. In this study, a β-xylosidase R333H and an endoxylanase were simultaneously co-immobilized on the metal–organic framework UiO-66-NH 2. Compared with the single R333H immobilization system, the co-immobilization enhanced the activity of R333H at high temperature and high concentration of acetone, and the relative activities at 95 °C and 50% acetone solution were >95%. The K m value of co-immobilized R333H towards p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (pNPX) shifted from 2.04 to 0.94 mM, which indicated the enhanced affinity towards pNPX. After 5 cycles, the relative activities of the co-immobilized enzymes towards pNPX and corncob xylan were 52% and 70% respectively, and the accumulated amount of reducing sugars obtained by co-immobilized enzymes degrading corncob xylan in 30% (v/v) acetone solution was 1.7 times than that with no acetone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • CRNDE expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. • Increased CRNDE levels were correlated with poor overall survival. • CRNDE promoted NSCLC progression. • LINC00460 acted as a ceRNA in NSCLC via sponging miR-338-3p. Abstract Background The long noncoding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) was reported to be involved in the initiation and development of multiple cancers. However, the detailed biological role of CRNDE in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the biological function and underlying molecular mechanism of CRNDE in NSCLC. Materials and methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect the expression of CRNDE in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, wound-healing, and transwell invasion assays were applied to detect cell proliferation, colony formation, cycle arrest progression, migration and invasion, respectively. Novel targets of CRNDE were selected with bioinformatics software and were confirmed using luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. To detect the role of CRNDE in vivo tumorigenesis, tumor xenografts were created. Results CRNDE expression is remarkably upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Upregulated CRNDE expression was positively associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis and poor overall survival of patients with NSCLC. Function assays demonstrated that knockdown of CRNDE significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro , and decreased the xenograft tumor volume and weight in vitro. We uncovered that miR-338-3p is a downstream target of CRNDE and that miR-338-3p inhibition partially reversed the CRNDE depletion-mediated inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. Conclusion These findings indicated that CRNDE functions as an oncogene that exerts important regulatory roles in NSCLC progression via sponging miR-338-3p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract High activity and stability of immobilized enzymes have been constant pursuits and critical challenges for decades. Herein, Cytochrome c (peroxidase, Cyt c) and its corresponding enzyme mimic (Pd nanoparticles) were combined and successfully embedded into a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to enhance the enzymatic catalytic performance using a biomimetic mineralization approach. Owing to allosteric effects of Cyt c-Pd complexes, the as-synthesized Cyt c-Pd@ZIF-8 composites exhibit an increased turnover number (approximately 2.4-fold for k cat) and an enhanced catalytic efficiency (approximately 2.3-fold for k cat /K M) compared to free Cyt c; also the shielding effect of ZIF-8 endows enzyme with improved resistance against harsh conditions (e.g. high temperatures and organic solvents). The strategy, which integrates enzyme with its enzyme mimic derived from transition metal nanoparticles to enhance enzymatic catalytic performances, may provide a versatile and facile technique for designing highly efficient and multi-functional bio-catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HOXD antisense growth associated long noncoding RNA (HOXD-AS1) was reported to be dysregulated and exert crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression of multiple malignancies. However, the role and mechanism of action of HOXD-AS1 in the carcinogenesis and progression of non-small lung cell cancers (NSCLC) remains largely unknown. HOXD-AS1, miR-133a and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 ( MMP-9 ) mRNA expression were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Cell counting kit-8, wound healing and transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, respectively. Luciferase assays were used to investigate binding seeds between miR-133b and HOXD-AS1. Western blot assay were performed to detect protein expression. Here higher expression of HOXD-AS1 was found in NSCLC tumor tissues compared with normal lung tissues, and was associated with lymph node metastasis, high tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and poor overall survival rate of patients with NSCLC. Knockdown of HOXD-AS1 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Additionally, we found that miR-133b was a direct downstream target of HOXD-AS1 in NSCLC. miR-133b inhibition reverse the inhibitory effect of HOXD-AS1 knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, HOXD-AS1 positively regulated the expression of MMP-9 (a target of miR-133b) in NSCLC cells. These results suggest that HOXD-AS1 might be a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for treating NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the activity and reusability of β-xylosidase, the β-xylosidase mutant S160N-R333H (R333H) which could convert notoginsenoside R1 to ginsenoside Rg1 and xylose was immobilized on the metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH 2. The physical and biochemical properties of immobilized β-xylosidase (R333H@UiO-66-NH 2) were studied in detail. The results showed improved performances, i.e. the high immobilization yield of 93% and recovery activity of 192.8%, better stability under acidic or trypsin-containing conditions, the higher activity in the reaction containing ions, and the improved catalytic efficiency (was 1.37-fold than that of free R333H). Importantly, the ginsenoside Rg1 yields remained more than 80% after six recycles in McIlvaine buffer and pure water. The UiO-66-NH 2 could catalyze xylose dehydration to produce furfural and the yield reached 69%. Thus this study provides a promising method for production of bioactive or platform chemicals via continuous conversion of xyloylated substrates using nanocatalyst synthesized by β-xylosidase and MOF. [Display omitted] • R333H@UiO-66-NH 2 was prepared by immobilizing β-xylosidase onto UiO-66-NH 2. • Immobilized β-xylosidase showed enhanced catalytic efficiency and stability to pH. • Immobilized β-xylosidase showed better apparent resistance to ions and trypsin. • 80% ginsenoside Rg1 yield was remained after six recycles in McIlvaine buffer or pure water. • Furfural yield obtained by dehydration of xylose via UiO-66-NH 2 reached 69%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Denisovans, well known for their high-coverage genetic sequences, are considered to be a new human species genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans [1]. As a close sister group of Neanderthals, Denisovans not only interbred with Neanderthals [2], but they also contributed genetically to extant humans, including modern populations in parts of Oceania and Asia, aboriginal Americans and high-altitude modern Tibetans [[3]]. According to these two studies, the oldest Denisovan fossils may have been as early as 195 ka (Denisova 2) [8], while archaeological remains and sedimentary DNA extracts indicate that the cave may have been occupied by Denisovans since around 300 ka (or, conservatively, around 200 ka) until 50 ka [6], overlapping with occupations of Neanderthals from 193 to 97 ka [8]. (a) Denisova Cave and Baishiya Karst Cave where Denisovan fossils have been discovered (red), and Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites with archaic Homo sapiens fossils in East Asia (blue). [Extracted from the article]

Supratentorial focal ischemia may reduce cerebral blood volume and cerebellar glucose metabolic rate contralateral to the region of ischemia. The present study investigated the effects of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on cerebral metabolism in the ischemic cerebral hemisphere and the non-ischemic cerebellum in rats 1, 3, 9 and 24 h following ischemia using ex vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that focal ischemia induced increases in the levels of lactate and alanine, and a decrease in succinate, as early as 1 h following ischemia in the left cerebral hemisphere and the right cerebellum. A continuous increase in lactate levels and decrease in creatine levels were detected in both cerebral areas 3 and 24 h post-MCAO. The most obvious difference between the two cerebral areas was that there was no statistically significant difference in N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels in the right cerebellum at all time points; however, the amino acid levels of NAA in the left cerebral hemisphere were markedly decreased 3, 9 and 24 h post-MCAO. In addition, an obvious increase in glutamine was observed in the right and left cerebellum at 3, 9 and 24 h post-MCAO. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that γ-aminobutyric acid levels were decreased at 1 h in the left and right cerebellum and were evidently increased at 24 h in the right cerebellum post-MCAO. In conclusion, supratentorial ischemia has been indicated to affect the activities of the non-ischemic contralateral cerebellum. Therefore, these results suggested that an NMR-based metabonomic approach may be used as a potential means to elucidate cerebral and cerebellar metabolism following MCAO, which may help improve understanding regarding cerebral infarction at a molecular level. Ex vivo ¹H NMR analysis may be useful for the assessment of clinical biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs) with percutaneous screw fixation remains defective in some aspects. A novel three-dimensional (3D) printed cast was devised to assist screw placement. This study assessed the radiological and functional outcomes of 3D-printed cast assisted screw fixation for patients with DIACFs. Methods: Patients with unilateral Sanders type II or III DIACFs admitted to a single-centre hospital underwent either 3D-printed cast assisted screw fixation (3D group) or minimally invasive plate fixation (control group) from September 2020 to November 2022. All patients were assessed at one, two, three, and six months of follow-up. Comparison between groups was conducted in operative duration, fluoroscopic times, radiographic measurements of the calcaneus, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score. Results: A total of 32 patients were enrolled (19 in the 3D group versus 13 in the control group). Significant differences were detected between the 3D group and control group in operative duration (53.63±8.95 min, 95.08±8.31 min, P <0.001), fluoroscopic times (7.37±1.21, 16.85±1.57, P <0.001). At a follow-up of six months, the 3D group showed better restoration than the control group in calcaneal width, height, Bohler angle, and AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scores (all P <0.001). No significant differences were shown in calcaneal length and Gissane angle (P >0.05). No wound-related complications occurred in either group. Conclusion: The 3D-printed cast assisted screw fixation has shown superiority over minimally invasive plate fixation in the operative duration, fluoroscopic exposure, morphological restoration of the calcaneus, and functional outcomes in the treatment of DIACFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continued development of tracking technology and increasing interest in animal movement, our understanding of migration behavior has become more comprehensive. However, there are still many species that have not been well studied, particularly sea birds. Here, we present the first year-round Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data of the Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris) at the population level. We used solar-powered GPS-Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) loggers to successfully track 30 individuals breeding at Xingrentuo Islet, Liaoning Province, China, for 1–3 years. Except for one individual who roamed in the far north of the Yellow Sea during non-breeding period, all others did a directed southward migration. Migration routes and wintering sites differed among migrating gulls and between years for the birds tracked for two or more years. Additionally, during wintering, the migrating gulls were more likely to travel over a large body of water and shift sites, and some trajectories were quite complex, which was probably closely related to what we observed in the field about their boat-chasing behavior. Compared to wintering movements, the post-breeding movements ranged over a smaller area. Specifically, almost all of them had a long post-breeding period near the breeding islet (≥120 days, <220 ​km from the breeding islet), and 80% of the gulls who were tracked more than one year had at least one faithful post-breeding site. Compared to the post-breeding period, only approximately half of the migrating gulls had a pre-breeding period that was shorter (3–20 days) and closer to the breeding islet (≤80 ​km). Migration distance varied among migrating gulls (range 209–2405 ​km) and the gulls moved least distance during post-breeding period. Furthermore, we found that the southward movement of the migrating gulls occurred when the temperature near the breeding islet dropped; specifically, the gulls directly migrated southward away from the post-breeding site. Our results suggest that the Black-tailed Gull has a long post-breeding period but a short pre-breeding period near the breeding islet and high diversity of their migrating patterns (in especial migration routes and wintering sites). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The V-Mo-Fe-O catalysts were synthesized by a sol-gel method, characterized and used for the selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide. The results show that V-Mo-Fe-O catalyst is an effective catalyst, exhibiting a toluene conversion of 40.3%, and a benzaldehyde selectivity of 84.5% at 80 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the catalyst has nanorod structure with a thin layer compound, which may be constitutive of iron molybdate while the main compound of catalyst is MoV 2 O 8 . Furthermore, the catalyst can be easily recycled and reused for four times without significant changes in its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though the force analysis of the process on bending section of the pipeline back-dragging, the finite element model of a pipeline crossing bending section has been established. Large amounts of data on numerical simulation analysis results in stress concentration. This phenomenon is most serious in the junction between the horizontal section and the bending section of pipelines. The author believes that the area is the most dangerous section during the entire pull-back process. This article shows a large number of calculations intensively focusing on the radius of curvature and orifice tube ratios to the influence of pipeline stress, and the data display that pipeline stress is mainly concentrated in the bending section. Though analysing multiple sets of data which shows that the optimum range of curvature radius is from 1200D to 1500D. The pull-back load and pipeline stress decrease with the increase of pipe stress ratio. After the orifice tube ratio increasing to 1.3, the decreasing amplitude of pull-back load becoming smaller which can be largely ignored. Considering the factors such as, stability of drilled holes and so on comprehensively, the author draws a conclusion that the best range of the orifice tube ratios is from 1.3 to 1.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a homogeneous enzyme-free ratiometric (HOMO- EF-RA) immunoassay was developed for the sensitive detection of C-peptide. In the immunoassay, there have been a miscible detection system by mixing with the fluorescent quantum dots conjugated antigen (QD-Ag conjugates) and the dylight dye conjugated antibody (DL-Ab conjugates). When connecting between Ag-QD conjugate and Ab-DL conjugate by specific recognition, the system emitted fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET). The target C-peptide can inhibit the connection and FRET formation between QD-Ag conjugates and DL-Ab conjugates, thus changing the dual fluorescence. By measuring the ratio dual fluorescence changes of the system, the content of C-peptide was evaluated without any enzyme used and multiple incubation and washing steps. This immunoassay realized the highly sensitive (as low as 0.12 ng mL−1), selective and rapid (as less as 6 min) detection of C-peptide. Furthermore, the simple and convenient immunoassay was applied successfully to the determination of C-peptide in real serum samples. [Display omitted] • A homogeneous enzyme-free ratiometric immunoassay was developed for the detection of C-peptide. • The immunoassay was composed of a miscible detection system by mixing QD-Ag conjugates and DL-Ab conjugates. • The detection processes had the detection signals self-correction effect based on the dual-fluorescence-output. • With this immunoassay the highly sensitive, selective, rapid and stable detection of C-peptide was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new type of steel-concrete composite pylon that has been applied to Nanjing Fifth Yangtze River Bridge (a three-pylon cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 600 m). For this new type of pylon, the steel shells are connected with concrete through PBL shear connectors and studs, and the inner steel shells are connected with the outer steel shells by angle steels. Numerical analysis and full-scale model tests show that the pylon structure exhibits excellent mechanical properties and construction performance. The application of BIM technology, the research and development of special spreaders and construction platforms ensure the precise installation of structures. Highly factory-manufactured modular assembly of the reinforced steel shell structure can effectively reduce the intensity and difficulty of on-site operations, and improve the quality of the project, with low construction risks. Whereas, the successful application of this steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite pylon marks the formation of a complete set of construction technology of steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite pylon, which can be widely used in similar bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust endoxylanase with high activity has great potential in biomass utilization. Here, the catalytic efficiency of the endoxylanase XynF derived from Herbinix hemicellulosilytica was improved by fusing a β-xylosidase xln-DT derived from Dictyoglomus thermophilum with linkers (L0 and L3) and the direction from xln-DT to XynF. The biochemical properties and application potential of chimeras towards corncob xylan were explored. The result showed that the chimeras Xln-L0-XynF and Xln-L3-XynF exhibited higher catalytic efficiency (31-fold and 20-fold enhancement, respectively), and maintained high stability in some harsh environments compared with parental enzymes. This might be attributed to the appropriate linkers and the direction which decrease the adverse interactions between the two modules. These two chimeras could hydrolyze corncob xylan to produce approximately 30% xylooligosaccharides with polymerization of 2–6. This work represents the promising xylanases for participating in XOS production from an abundant corncobs and promote us to modify glycoside hydrolase by fusion technology. [Display omitted] • Endoxylanase was modified by fusing a β-xylosidase. • Two chimeras with higher activity and stability were constructed. • The linkers and fusion direction of Xln to XynF reduce the adverse interactions. • Two chimeras efficiently convert corncob xylan to produce XOS with DP of 2–6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new type of steel-concrete composite pylon that has been applied to Nanjing Fifth Yangtze River Bridge (a three-pylon cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 600 m). For this new type of pylon, the steel shells are connected with concrete through PBL shear connectors and studs, and the inner steel shells are connected with the outer steel shells by angle steels. Numerical analysis and full-scale model tests show that the pylon structure exhibits excellent mechanical properties and construction performance. The application of BIM technology, the research and development of special spreaders and construction platforms ensure the precise installation of structures. Highly factory-manufactured modular assembly of the reinforced steel shell structure can effectively reduce the intensity and difficulty of on-site operations, and improve the quality of the project, with low construction risks. Whereas, the successful application of this steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite pylon marks the formation of a complete set of construction technology of steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite pylon, which can be widely used in similar bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Talc pleurodesis has been widely used to control malignant pleural effusion; however, it is still not clear whether talc pleurodesis is more effective than other local therapies. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of talc pleurodesis in the management of malignant pleural effusion. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for English-language studies of clinical controlled trials comparing talc pleurodesis with control therapies until August 8, 2013. Success rate and incidence of adverse events were evaluated. Relative risks were estimated using random- or fixed- effects model and statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test. Results: Twenty trials involving 1,525 patients with malignant pleural effusion were included. The success rate of talc pleurodesis was significantly higher than that of control therapies (relative risk, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.45; p = 0.035) with similar adverse events. In addition, thoracoscopic talc poudrage was more effective than bedside talc slurry (relative risk, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.23; p = 0.026). Conclusions: The current evidences suggested the benefit for talc pleurodesis in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion. Talc pleurodesis, especially thoracoscopic talc poudrage pleurodesis, should be performed in patients with malignant pleural effusion, especially those with life-expectancy longer than one month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two novel Cd(II) coordination polymers were prepared. • We also explored the luminescence features and photocatalytic characteristics of 1 and 2. • Their treatment and application values on children bronchopneumonia was estimated and corresponding mechanism was explored as well. Two novel Cd(II) coordination polymers which are [Cd(5-EtOip)(4,4′-bipy)] n (1) as well as [Cd 2 (5-BenOip) 2 (4,4′-bipy)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (2) (5-EtOH 2 ip = 5-ethoxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 5-BenOH 2 ip = 5-(benzyloxy)benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), whose synthesis was conducted via the hydrothermal reactions of 5-substituted isophthalic acid, 4,4′-bipyridine and Cd(NO 3) 2 •4H 2 O. In addition, we also explored the luminescence features and photocatalytic characteristics of 1 and 2. Meanwhile, their treatment and application values on children bronchopneumonia was estimated and corresponding mechanism was explored as well. Firstly, the inflammatory cytokines levels released into the respiratory secretions has been evaluated through ELISA detection kit. Next, the activation levels of the NF-κb signaling pathway were measured by real time RT-PCR. The binding mechanism between Cd-complex and the chosen receptor protein has been demonstrated by performing molecular docking simulations, where we found that only the carboxyl group on Cd-complex has the capability to be interacting with surrounding active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A rapid, sensitive and selective electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) in surface water samples, using hydrophilic molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) as the recognition element and nickel (Ni) fiber as the catalytic element. Hydrophilic MIPs were synthesized using 2,4-DNP as the template, acrylamide as the monomer, glycidilmethacrylate as the pro-hydrophilic co-monomer and acetonitrile as the solvent. Hydrophilic modification could enhance the accessibility of 2,4-DNP to the imprinted cavities and improve the selective recognition properties of traditional MIPs in water medium. Subsequently, hydrophilic MIPs/Ni fiber electrode was prepared to determine trace 2,4-DNP by cyclic voltammetry. The parameters affecting the analytical performance were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the linear range was 0.7–30μgL−1 and the detection limit was 0.1μgL−1. Finally, the proposed method was applied to measure 2,4-DNP in surface water samples. The spiked recoveries were changed from 91.3% to 102.6% and the RSD was not higher than 5.1%. There was no statistically significant difference between the results obtained by the proposed method and the traditional chromatographic method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A rapid, low cost and selective chemiluminescence method coupled with magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers extraction was developed to detect lysozyme in human urine samples. Compared with traditional solid-phase extraction, this method could achieve selective extraction for the lysozyme, avoid the time consuming elution from a column or centrifugation steps, and then showed great potential in the high-throughput screening of clinical samples. The parameters affecting the performance of extraction and chemiluminescence were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the whole analytical procedure was completed within 12min and spiked recovery ranged from 90.1% to 103.7% (R.S.D.≤6.7%). The limit of quantitation was 5ngmL−1. Furthermore, the results obtained by the proposed method were linearly correlated to those by commercial lysozyme detection kit (r =0.9595). Finally, the validated method was used to measure the urinary lysozyme of renal disease patients and healthy controls. The results confirmed the reliability and practicality of the protocol and revealed a good perspective of this method for biological sample analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Two distinct starch branching enzyme (SBE) isoforms predate the divergence of monocots and dicots and have been conserved in plants since then. This strongly suggests that both SBEI and SBEII provide unique selective advantages to plants. However, no phenotype for the SBEI mutation, sbe1a, had been previously observed. To explore this incongruity the objective of the present work was to characterize functional and molecular phenotypes of both sbe1a and wild-type (Wt) in the W64A maize inbred line. Results: Endosperm starch granules from the sbe1a mutant were more resistant to digestion by pancreatic α-amylase, and the sbe1a mutant starch had an altered branching pattern for amylopectin and amylose. When kernels were germinated, the sbe1a mutant was associated with shorter coleoptile length and higher residual starch content, suggesting that less efficient starch utilization may have impaired growth during germination. Conclusions: The present report documents for the first time a molecular phenotype due to the absence of SBEI, and suggests strongly that it is associated with altered physiological function of the starch in vivo. We believe that these results provide a plausible rationale for the conservation of SBEI in plants in both monocots and dicots, as greater seedling vigor would provide an important survival advantage when resources are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen vacancy in Z-scheme Mo 2 S 3 /BiOCl heterojunction was efficiently passivated by forming Mo–O at the interface of Mo 2 S 3 and BiOCl. Thus, the as-prepared sample presents excellent photocatalytic performance due to the abundant ⋅O 2 − and 1O 2 stem from the rational OVs and the high separation and migration efficiency of photo-induced carriers. [Display omitted] • Z-scheme Mo 2 S 3 /BiOCl promotes the separation of photo-induced carriers. • 1O 2 was regulate by passivate oxygen vacancy at the nanocomposite interface. • The contribution of free radical to the photocatalytic activity was studied. • The formation path of 1O 2 was thoroughly researched. Enhance the concentration of singlet oxygen (1O 2) to ameliorate the photocatalytic performance is a promising strategy. Therefore, Z-scheme Mo 2 S 3 /BiOCl heterostructure with rational oxygen vacancies (OVs) was successfully synthesized by in-situ template method to tackle these issues. Characterization results reveal that the OVs were efficiently passivated by forming Mo–O bond at the interface of Mo 2 S 3 and BiOCl. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism research reflects that the interfacial electric field not only enhance the spatial separation and migration efficiency of the photo-induced carriers but also benefit producing abundant 1O 2 , and thus TC-HCl was purified 90.8% in 90 min. Meanwhile, the contribution of the reactive oxygen species to the photocatalytic activity and the formation path of 1O 2 were comprehensively studied for the first time. This work provides a new avenue to study the formation path of 1O 2 and offer a polishing strategy to mend the photocatalytic activity by modulate the concentration of 1O 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometrial injury poses a significant challenge in tissue regeneration, with type III collagen (COL III) playing a pivotal role in maintaining endometrial integrity and facilitating repair. Our study explored the utility of recombinant human type III collagen (RHC) as an intervention for endometrial damage. To address the challenges associated with the inherent instability and rapid degradation of COL III in vivo , we developed an RHC-HA hydrogel by conjugating RHC with hyaluronic acid (HA), thus ensuring a more stable and sustained delivery. Our findings suggested that the RHC-HA hydrogel significantly promoted endometrial regeneration and restored fertility. The hydrogel facilitated prolonged retention of RHC in the uterus, leading to a substantial improvement in the repair process. The synergistic interaction between RHC and HA greatly enhances cell proliferation and adhesion, surpassing the efficacy of HA or RHC alone. Additionally, the RHC-HA hydrogel demonstrated notable anti-fibrotic effects, which are crucial for preventing abnormalities during endometrial healing. These findings suggested that the RHC-HA hydrogel presented a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of uterine endometrial injuries, which may improve female reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A reflection-fluorescence ratios probe was developed for the ratiometric detection of glucose. • The probe had a highly ordered periodic structure emitting both of reflection and fluorescence. • With the increase of glucose concentration, the reflection and fluorescence of the probe were attenuated simultaneously. • The probe showed simple operation, great stability and reusability, and was successfully used in the real blood serum samples. Herein, an optical ratios probe with reflection (RE) and fluorescence (FL), named as RE-FL ratios probe, has been developed for the ratiometric detection of glucose (GLU). This probe was prepared through self-assembling monodisperse colloids into opal photonic crystal and immobilizing fluorescence imidazolium ionic liquids as molecular recognition elements. So there was a periodic three-dimensional face-centered cubic arrayed structure and emissions of strong RE and FL in the probe, which allowed dual optical detection of the target analyte. From the results, it was learned that RE and FL emissions of RE-FL ratios probe were decreased when an increase of GLU concentration, and the resulting ratiometric optical changes can be quantitatively correlated to GLU concentration from 1 to 64 mM. The detection of probe was characterized by simple operation, stability, reusability and glucose oxidase independence. Furthermore, the probe successfully used to detect GLU in the real serum sample and showed great stability compared with the only FL pattern. Different types of appropriated recognition elements are expected to be introduced into opal photonic crystals to construct variety ratiometric optical probes in the wide of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The testes serve as the primary source of androgens and the site of spermatogenesis, with their development and function governed by hormonal actions via endocrine and paracrine pathways. Male fertility hinges on the availability of testosterone, a cornerstone of spermatogenesis, while follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling is indispensable for the proliferation, differentiation, and proper functioning of Sertoli and germ cells. This review covers the research on how androgens, FSH, and other hormones support processes crucial for male fertility in the testis and reproductive tract. These hormones are regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis, which is either quiescent or activated at different stages of the life course, and the regulation of the axis is crucial for the development and normal function of the male reproductive system. Hormonal imbalances, whether due to genetic predispositions or environmental influences, leading to hypogonadism or hypergonadism, can precipitate reproductive disorders. Investigating the regulatory network and molecular mechanisms involved in testicular development and spermatogenesis is instrumental in developing new therapeutic methods, drugs, and male hormonal contraceptives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithic raw material analysis is the key to understanding prehistoric foragers’ resource exploitation strategies, mobility patterns, cultural interactions and exchange networks. Previous geochemical study of obsidian artifacts from Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic sites on the Tibetan Plateau revealed possible human interactions in the Chang Tang and southern Tibet. However, obsidian is rare in sites on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) and adjacent low elevation regions. To understand the lithic raw material economy and related human interactions on the NETP and the surrounding regions, here we analyze lithic raw materials from these regions through macroscopic rock type identification, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. We found that at least four varieties of lydite (a type of basaltic rock, Lydite A, B, C, and D) and three varieties of red jasper (Jasper A, B, and C) were used in these sites. The Northern Tibet volcanic belt in the central Tibetan Plateau and Alashan Gobi Desert may be the sources of the two most dominant materials, Lydite A and Jasper A. The maximum, “as the crow flies,” transportation distances are more than 900 km for Lydite A and 580 km for Jasper A among archaeological sites, indicating Epipaleolithic foragers in NETP and adjacent low elevation regions were either highly mobile or formed vast exchange networks. Long distance exploitation of lydite resources might have encouraged human occupation of the high central Tibetan Plateau in the early Holocene. In addition, the spatial distribution of Epipaleolithic sites sharing the same varieties of lydite and red jasper in the study area suggests that the river valleys connecting the Qilian Mountains, the Hexi Corridor and the Tengger Desert oases were important channels for human movements during Epipaleolithic period. Therefore, lithic raw material analysis here provides important information for resource exploitation and mobility strategies of Epipaleolithic foragers in NETP and surrounding regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new 14-membered resorcylic acid lactone (RAL14), chaetolactone A (1), along with three known ones (2−4), was obtained from the fermentation of the soil-derived fungus Chaetosphaeronema sp. SSJZ001. Their structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic data analyses (UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR),13C NMR chemical shifts calculations coupled with the DP4+ probability method, theoretical calculations of ECD spectra, as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against A549, HO-8910, and MCF-7 cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A facile approach to prepare a mimic multi-enzyme system was reported. • Efficient cooperation between chemo-catalytic and nature enzyme was achieved. • A biosensor for rapid detection of glucose was prepared based on the system. • Enhanced reusability and stability of immobilized GOx were achieved. The combination of chemo- and enzyme catalysis for multi-step tandem reactions has presented great challenges for decades. Herein, glucose oxidase (GOx) and a metal-organic framework MOF-545(Fe), which possessed peroxidase-like activity, were combined to construct a mimic multi-enzyme system for tandem catalysis. MOF-545(Fe) not only served as a support for the enzyme immobilization, but also contributed its catalytic activity to co-operate with natural enzymes for the cascade reactions. Based on the prepared mimic multi-enzyme system GOx@MOF-545(Fe), a colorimetric biosensor for glucose rapid detection was achieved with a low limit of detection (0.28 μM) and high specificity. Meanwhile, due to the protection of MOF-545(Fe), the immobilized enzyme exhibited excellent reusability and stability, e.g. long-term stability, thermal stability and anti-organic solvent stability. After being stored at room temperature for 7 days, the immobilized enzyme retained 92% of activity, while only 40% of activity of free enzyme was retained. And the immobilized enzyme maintained 71% of its initial activity after 5 cycles. This strategy of combining MOF mimics and natural enzymes for tandem catalysis may provide a novel and facile approach to design a highly efficient, stable, functional chemo-enzyme composites catalyst, which holds great promise for applications in biosensing, biopharmaceutical and industrial catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors would like to apologize that, due to their neglect, the affiliations of the second author of this paper, Huan Xia, were not correctly indicated. Huan Xia is a registered doctoral student at Lanzhou University in 2018 and is also supervised by Fahu Chen at the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Here, corrections are made by adding Huan Xia's first affiliation, Lanzhou University, to her name. [Extracted from the article]

For a random non-autonomous porous media lattice system driven by nonlinear colored noise, we prove the unique existence and local compactness of a pullback random attractor. We then mainly study the continuity-set (the set of all points of continuity) of the pullback random attractor on the time-sample plane with respect to the Hausdorff metric. With some calculations, we find that the continuity-set has four geometrical numerical features: (1) The continuity-set is residual and dense in the time-sample plane. (2) The continuity-set is composed of infinitely many diagonal rays (with slope one). (3) The continuity-set is dense in any non-diagonal line (with an inclined angle not being 45 ∘). (4) Restrictions of the continuity-set on diamonds are composed of parallel line segments with increasing numbers. • It is residual and dense in the time-sample plane. • It is composed of infinitely many diagonal rays (with slope one). • It is dense in any non-diagonal line (with an inclined angle not being 45°). • Its restrictions of the continuity-set on diamonds are composed of parallel line segments with increasing numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The algorithms used by schedulers depend on the complexity of the schedule and constraints for each problem. The position and movement of badminton players in badminton doubles competition is one of the key factors to improve the athletes' transition efficiency of offense and defense and the rate of winning matches and to save energy consumption. From the perspective of basic theory, the author conducts research on the position and movement of badminton doubles. Based on the numerical analysis method, the optimal model of standing position and direction composed of 7 nonlinear equations is established. In addition, the final of 10 matches of the super series of the world badminton federation in 2019 was selected as the sample of speed parameters. With the help of MATLAB mathematical analysis software, the numerical model established by the least square method was adopted to optimize the specific standing position and walking model. Ultimately, the optimal solution has been obtained, which can be represented on a plane graph. The optimal position of the attack station should be the blocking area (saddle-shaped area) and the hanging area (circular arc area in the middle). The optimal defensive positioning should be left defensive positioning area (left front triangle area) and right defensive positioning area (right front triangle area), which is consistent with our current experience and research results. The research results use mathematical tools to calculate the accurate optimal position in doubles matches, which has guiding significance to the choice of athletes' position and walking position in actual combat and can also be used as a reference for training, providing a certain theoretical basis for the standing and walking of badminton doubles confrontation. The data collection and operation methods in this study can provide better calculation materials for artificial intelligence optimization and fuzzy operation of motion displacement, which is of great significance in the field of motion, simulation, and the call of parametric functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the areal energy density of current flexible energy storage devices, hybrid capacitors combining the advantages of supercapacitors and batteries are proposed and further enhanced by incorporating the 3D interdigital structure design. However, uneven electric field distribution and hindered ion diffusion kinetics due to the non‐electroactive components in these devices limit the enhancement of areal electrochemical performances when expanding the electrodes longitudinally. Herein, hydrogels with high ionic conductivity and high mechanical stability are designed to accommodate Zn2+‐containing electrolytes and integrated with Ti3C2Tx‐MXene electrodes to assemble flexible Zn‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). Fully encapsulated by ionic conductive hydrogels, 3D interdigital electrodes enable omnidirectional ion transport and unimpeded ionic accessibility, facilitating adequate electrode reactions, rapid energy storage, and uniform energy distribution. Hence, the all‐hydrogel‐encapsulated ZIHC achieved a 50‐fold increase in capacitance with a quadrupled electrode thickness, exhibiting a large areal capacitance of 1432 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 389.7 µWh cm−2 without sacrificing power density and rate performance. Finite element simulations further illustrate the uniform distribution of potential, electric field intensity, and energy density in this structure. In addition, the device shows great stability under deformation, excellent adhesion, and underwater workability, demonstrating great promise for next‐generation wearable energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]