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The Perspectives on Adolescent Decision-Making Questionnaire examines changes that occur in the family during transition to adolescence. Results show that patterns found for boys and girls separately are very similar. Changes in adolescents' conception of parental authority occur on issues such as friends, clothing, and personal appearance. Positive answers regarding adolescent choice and normality increase with age. The adolescent perception of personal decision-making is unrelated to their perception of parental rules and conflicts.

Background: Accommodations with shared washing facilities increase the risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for people experiencing rough sleeping and evidence on what interventions are effective in reducing these risks needs to be understood., Methods: Systematic review, search date 6 December 2022 with methods published a priori. Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Database and supplemented with grey literature searches, hand searches of reference lists and publication lists of known experts. Observational, interventional and modelling studies were included; screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were done in duplicate and narrative analyses were conducted., Results: Fourteen studies from five countries (USA, England, France, Singapore and Canada) were included. Ten studies were surveillance reports, one was an uncontrolled pilot intervention, and three were modelling studies. Only two studies were longitudinal. All studies described the effectiveness of different individual or packages of mitigation measures., Conclusions: Despite a weak evidence base, the research suggests that combined mitigation measures can help to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission but are unlikely to prevent outbreaks entirely. Evidence suggests that community prevalence may modify the effectiveness of mitigation measures. More longitudinal research is needed., Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42021292803., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Characterization of crystallographic lattices is an important tool in structure solution, crystallographic database searches and clustering of diffraction images in serial crystallography. Characterization of lattices by Niggli-reduced cells (based on the three shortest non-coplanar lattice vectors) or by Delaunay-reduced cells (based on four non-coplanar vectors summing to zero and all meeting at obtuse or right angles) is commonly performed. The Niggli cell derives from Minkowski reduction. The Delaunay cell derives from Selling reduction. All are related to the Wigner-Seitz (or Dirichlet, or Voronoi) cell of the lattice, which consists of the points at least as close to a chosen lattice point as they are to any other lattice point. The three non-coplanar lattice vectors chosen are here called the Niggli-reduced cell edges. Starting from a Niggli-reduced cell, the Dirichlet cell is characterized by the planes determined by 13 lattice half-edges: the midpoints of the three Niggli cell edges, the six Niggli cell face-diagonals and the four body-diagonals, but seven of the lengths are sufficient: three edge lengths, the three shorter of each pair of face-diagonal lengths, and the shortest body-diagonal length. These seven are sufficient to recover the Niggli-reduced cell.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of nurses' psychological capital and managerial support, plus specific safety interventions (managerial safety priorities, safety training satisfaction), on nurses' in-role safety performance., Background: Most hospitals in industrialized countries have adopted selective (often the least costly) aspects of safety, usually related to safety policies. However, patient safety remains a challenge in many countries. Research shows that training can be used to upskill employees in psychological capital, with statistically significant organizational and employee benefits, but this area is under-researched in nursing., Design: Data were collected using a survey-based, self-report strategy. The emerging patterns of data were then compared with the findings of previous research., Methods: Quantitative survey data were collected during 2014 from 242 nurses working in six Australian hospitals. Two models were tested and analysed using covariance-based Structural Equation Modelling., Results: Psychological capital and safety training satisfaction were important predictors of nurses' in-role safety performance and as predictors of nurses' perceptions of whether management implements what it espouses about safety ('managerial safety priorities'). Managerial support accounted for just under a third of psychological capital and together, psychological capital and managerial support, plus satisfaction with safety training, were important to nurses' perceptions of in-role safety performance., Conclusion: Organizations are likely to benefit from upskilling nurses and their managers to increase nurses' psychological capital and managerial support, which then will enhance nurses' satisfaction with training and in-role safety performance perceptions., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aims: We examined the impact of workplace relationships (perceived organizational support, supervisor-nurse relationships and teamwork) on the engagement, well-being, organizational commitment and turnover intentions of nurses working in Australian and USA hospitals., Background: In a global context of nurse shortages, knowledge about factors impacting nurse retention is urgently sought. We postulated, using the Social Exchange Theory, that nurses' turnover intentions would be affected by several factors and especially their relationships at work., Design: Based on the literature review, data were collected via a self-report survey to test the hypotheses., Methods: A self-report survey was used to gather data in 2010-2012 from 510 randomly chosen nurses from Australian hospitals and 718 nurses from US hospitals. A multi-group structural equation modelling analysis identified significant paths and compared the impact between countries., Results: The findings indicate that this model was more effective in predicting the correlations between variables for nurses in Australia compared with the USA. Most paths predicted were confirmed for Australia, except for the impact of teamwork on organizational commitment and turnover, plus the impact of engagement on turnover. In contrast, none of the paths related to supervisor-subordinate relationships was significant for the USA; neither were the paths from teamwork to organizational commitment or turnover., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that well-being is a predictor of turnover intentions, meaning that healthcare managers need to consider nurses' well-being in everyday decision-making, especially in the cost-cutting paradigm that pervades healthcare provision in nearly every country. This is important because nurses are in short supply and this situation will continue to worsen, because many countries have an ageing population., (© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)