Search

Xenophora sp. Plate 4 F Xenophora sp. — Ávila et al. 2015b: 67. Xenophora sp. — Dávid et al. 2021: 5. Xenophora sp. — Ávila et al. 2022: 81. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 70.0 mm, diameter 147.0 mm. Large internal mould Casa dos Fósseis Museum, Santa Maria (collection Dalberto Pombo). Figueiral; several internal moulds from LNEG collection (unnumbered); several internal moulds seen in situ in Baía de Nossa Senhora, Vinhas do Sul, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Discussion. Several large internal moulds of Xenophora have been found from several outcrops around Santa Maria. We cannot indicate which species they represent, but the genus is relatively thermophilic, and species with large specimens are associated with fully tropical environments. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Ávila et al. 2015 b, 2022; David et al. 2021)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Habermann, J., Quartau, R., Kroh, A., Berning, B., Johnson, M., Kirby, M., Zanon, V., Titschack, J., Goss, A., Rebelo, A. C., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Bagaco, L., Hipolito, A., Uchman, A., Da Silva, C. M., Cach \" o, M. & Madeira, J. (2015 b) Palaeoecology, taphonomy, and preservation of a lower Pliocene shell bed (coquina) from a volcanic oceanic island (Santa Maria Island, Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 430, 57 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.04.015","David, A., Uchman, A., Ramalho, R. S., Madeira, J., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Rebelo, A. C., Berning, B., Johnson, M. E. & Avila, S. P. (2021) Diverse bioerosion structures in lower Pliocene deposits from a volcanic oceanic island: Baia de Nossa Senhora section, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Central Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 569, 110 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2021.110284","Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Silva, C. M. da, Johnson, M. E., Uchman, A., Berning, B., Quartau, R., Madeira, P., Melo, C., Rebelo, A. C., Baptista, L., Arruda, S., Gonzalez, E., Rasser, M. W., Hipolito, A., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Raposo, V., Pombo, J., Camara, R., Kirby, M. X., Titschack, J., Habermann, J. M., Vullo, R., Kroh, A., Lipps, J. H., Cach \" o, M. & Madeira, J. (2022) Os fosseis de Santa Maria (Acores). 2. Pedra-que-pica: uma historia com 5 milhles de anos. Nova Grafica Lda, Observatorio Vulcanologico e Geotermico dos Acores, Lagoa, 160 pp.","Landau, B. M. & Harzhauser, M. (2022) The Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. Part 14: Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea). Cainozoic Research, 22 (1), 45 - 72."]}

Genus Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 Type species. Xenophora laevigata Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 (Fischer von Waldheim 1807: 213), by subsequent designation (Harris, 1896). Present-day, Caribbean., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Harris, G. D. (1896) The Midway stage. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 1, 115 - 156."]}

In this work, all the Lower Pliocene gastropod assemblages of Santa Maria Island are revised. These all form part of the Touril Complex. Seventy-seven species are identified representing 61 genera. Two species are described as new: Bittium miradouroense nov. sp. and Erato mayeri nov. sp. The name Tritonium secans Bronn in Reiss 1862 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855). Pleurotoma perturrita Bronn in Reiss 1862 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Crassopleura maravignae (Bivona, 1838). However, due to the difficulties in collecting from these deposits, this is likely to be a considerable underestimate of the original diversity of local Early Pliocene gastropod faunas. The assemblage reflects a fully tropical with mean annual sea surface temperatures (SSTs) estimated about 3.7°C to 6.3°C higher than the present-day 20.6°C, and with mean monthly SSTs ranging from 20°C to 28°C, with six months with mean SSTs over 24°C. The assemblages all represent relatively shallow water, fully saline marine environments. At genus level the assemblage is typical of that seen in the tropical Mediterranean-West African Palaeobiogeographical Province during the early Pliocene (MPPMU1; roughly equivalent to the Zanclean and earliest Piacenzian). At species level, 35% of the species taxa found in Santa Maria are also found in the Mediterranean during MPPMU1. There is a much weaker association with the northern warm temperate Pliocene Boreal-Celtic Province, with only 17% of species occurring in both. Moreover, most of those are ubiquitous European species with both wide geographic and stratigraphic distributions. The assemblage is relatively endemic (29%) suggesting that the Azorean subprovince/ecoregion, which is recognised today, was already in place in the Lower Pliocene. A small number of tonnoidean species found in Santa Maria are species known to have had an amphiatlantic distribution during the Pliocene, and for Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953, a well-known and widely distributed tropical American Atlantic species from the Early Miocene to present-day, its presence in Santa Maria marks the most easterly range expansion for the species, as today is not found in the Azores.

Lectotypification for Stellaria depressa Em. Schmid, S. yunnanensis Franch., S. ebracteata Kom., S. filicaulis Makino, and S. pusilla Em. Schmid are designated here.

Thivaiou, Danae, Harzhauser, Mathias, Koskeridou, Efterpi (2019): Early Miocene Gastropods from the Felli Section (Proto-Mediterranean Sea NW Greece). Geodiversitas 41 (8): 323-366, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a8

Xenophora sp. (Fig. 5 I1-I4) MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� Sample F10: AMPG (IV) 2461 (one specimen). DIMENSIONS. ��� Mean diameter: 5.10 mm (incomplete). DISTRIBUTION. ��� Early Miocene. Proto-Mediterranean Sea: Greece (this paper). DESCRIPTION A fragment comprising 5 flat, teleoconch whorls shouldered on the abapical suture; apical angle 80��. Suture regular, deeply incised; small circular grains are attached along the suture. Base and aperture of the shell missing. REMARKS Due to the fragmentary preservation a clear identification is difficult. The apical angle is similar to X. deshayesi (Michelotti, 1847) and X. italica (Grateloup, 1845); the apex and first teleoconch whorls of the specimen from Felli are most similar to X. italica mainly because of the flattened whorls and the linear suture that is visible when not obstructed by the agglutinated elements as it is observed for this species in Landau et al. (2013). According to Ponder (1983), important characters for the separation of species of Xenophoridae are missing from the specimen of Felli, such as the sculpture and shape of the base, the width of the peripheral flange, the umbilical characters and the shape of the basal lip. The characters used here are the spire angle, the shape of the whorls and the mode of attachment of particles. Like the specimen from Felli, X. italica is reported to agglutinate smaller-sized objects such as sand grains and small shell fragments (Landau et al. 2013). Nevertheless, it is doubtful that the specimen from Felli is conspecific with X. italica, as this species is known so far exclusively from middle Miocene localities (Landau et al. 2013). Xenophora cumulans (Brongnart, 1823) sensu Harzhauser (2004) from the Oligocene of the Mesohellenic Basin is distinctly different, mainly by having an apical angle that varies between 90 and 100��. Xenophorids are known to be deposit feeders living on mobile bottoms (Ponder 1983)., Published as part of Thivaiou, Danae, Harzhauser, Mathias & Koskeridou, Efterpi, 2019, Early Miocene Gastropods from the Felli Section (Proto-Mediterranean Sea NW Greece), pp. 323-366 in Geodiversitas 41 (8) on pages 341-342, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a8, http://zenodo.org/record/3700008, {"references":["GRATELOUP J. P. S. DE 1845 - 1847. - Conchyliologie fossile des terrains tertiaire du Bassin de l'Adour (environs de Dax), 1. Univalves. Atlas. Th. Lafargue, Bordeaux: pls 1 - 45 (1840); i-xx, 12 p.; pls 46 - 48 (1846). Note: all plates published in 1845, exept plates 2, 4 & 11 (1847).","LANDAU B. M., HARZHAUSER M., ISLAMOGLU Y. & DA SILVA C. M. 2013. - Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research 11 - 13: 3 - 584.","PONDER W. F. 1983. - A revision of the Recent Xenophoridae of the world and of the Australian fossil species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Australian Museum Memoir 17: 1 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1967.17.1983.393","HARZHAUSER M. 2004. - Oligocene gastropod faunas of the eastern Mediterranean (Mesohellenic Trough / Greece and Esfahan-Sirjan Basin / Central Iran). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 248: 93 - 181."]}

Complete mitochondrial genome of Onustus exutus has been sequenced and phylogenetic relationships were evaluated. The circular mitochondrial genome is 16,043 bp in length consisting of 13 protein-c...

aquitanus, Onustus Simone & Cunha, 2012 Onustus aquitanus Simone & Cunha, 2012: 750���751 (fig. 2). Gastropoda, Xenophoridae Paratype: MZSP 104032. Locality: Brazil, Esp��rito Santo, off Concei����o da Barra, Abrolhos Slope, 18��59' S, 37��50' W, MD55 sta. DC 73, 637 m depth, 27 May 1987. Collectors: P. Bouchet, J.H. Leal and B. M��tivier. Preservation: Dry. Remarks: Former MNHN, Paris., Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 8, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125, {"references":["Simone L. R. L. & Cunha C. M. 2012. Taxonomic study on the molluscs collected in Marion- Dufresne expedition (MD 55) to SE Brazil; Xenophoridae, Cypraeoidea, mitriforms and Terebridae (Caenogastropoda). Zoosystema 34 (4): 745 - 781. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2012 n 4 a 6"]}

An alphabetical list of 352 type lots of molluscs housed in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo is presented following the standards of the previous list by Dornellas & Simone (2011), with a few adjustments. Important items listed herein include types of species described after the previous compilation, as well as recently acquired paratypes of Asian Pomatiopsidae and Diplommatinidae (Gastropoda) taxa described by Rolf A.M. Brandt (1960s), P. Temcharoen (1970s) and W.J.M. Maassen (2000s), all of which belonged to the private collection of Jens Hemmen, Wiesbaden, Germany. Relevant items also include types of recently described species coming from the French-Brazilian Marion Dufresne MD55 expedition, and other types deposited by researchers from Brazil and the world. A list of authors and photographs of specimens are also provided.

The deep-water molluscs collected during the expedition MD55 off SE Brazil have been gradually studied in some previous papers. The present one is focused on samples belonging to caenogastropod taxa Xenophoridae Troschel, 1852, Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815, mitriforms and Terebridae Morch, 1852. Regarding the Xenophoridae, Onustus aquitanus n. sp. is a new species, collected off the littoral of Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 430–637 m depth (continental slope). The main characters of the species include the small size (c. 20 mm), the proportionally wide shell, the white colour, the short peripheral flange, the oblique riblets weakly developed and a brown multispiral protoconch. This appears to be the smallest living species of the family, resembling in this aspect fossil species. In respect to the Cypraeoidea, the following results were obtained: family Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815: Erosaria acicularis (Gmelin, 1791) and Luria cinerea (Gmelin, 1791) had the deepest record, respectively...

Pacaud, Jean-Michel (2007): Nouveautés nomenclaturales et taxinomiques introduites par Alcide d'Orbigny dans le Prodrome (1850, 1852) pour les espèces du Paléocène et de l'Éocène. Geodiversitas 29 (1): 17-85, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374882, {"references": ["ALLOITEAU J. 1957. - Contribution a la systematique des madreporaires fossiles. CNRS, Paris, 462 p.", "ANTON H. E. 1838. - Verseichniss der Conchylien welche sich in der Sammlung von Hermann Eduard Anton befinden. Herausgegeben von dem Besitzer. Eduard Anton, Halle, 110 p.", "ARCHIAC A. D' 1846. - Description des fossiles recueillis par M. Thorent dans les couches a nummulines des environs de Bayonne. Memoire de la Societe geologique de France 2 (2): 189-217.", "ARCHIAC A. D' 1850a. - Description des fossiles du groupe nummulitique recueillis par M. S. P. Pratt et M. J. Delbos aux environs de Bayonne et de Dax. Memoire de la Societe geologique de France 2 (3): 397-456.", "ARCHIAC A. D' 1850b. - Histoire des progres de la geologie de 1834 a 1849. Tome 3: Formation nummulitique, Roches ignees ou pyrogenes des epoques quaternaire et tertiaire. Societe geologique de France, Paris, 624 p.", "BARTA- CALMUS S. 1973. - Revision de collections de Madreporaires provenant du Nummulitique du sud-est de la France, de l'Italie et de la Yougoslavie septentrionale. These, Universite Paris VI, France, 694 p.", "BAYAN F. 1870a. - Sur les terrains tertiaires de la Venetie. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 2 (27): 444-486.", "BAYAN F. 1870b. - Etudes faites dans la collection de l'Ecole des Mines sur des fossiles nouveaux ou mal connus. 1er fascicule : Mollusques tertiaires. Savy, Paris, 81 p.", "BAYAN F. 1873. - Etudes faites dans la collection de l'Ecole des Mines sur des fossiles nouveaux ou mal connus. 2e fascicule : Notes sur quelques fossiles tertiaires. Savy, Paris: 91-136.", "BEAUVAIS L. 1964. - Etude stratigraphique et paleontologique des formations a madreporaires du Jurassique superieur du Jura et de l'est du Bassin de Paris. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 43 (1): 5-287.", "BEAUVAIS L. 1967. - Revision des Madreporaires du Dogger des collections A. d'Orbigny et H. Michelin conservees au Museum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 46 (1): 7-54.", "BEAUVAIS L. 1972. - Contribution a l'etude de la faune bathonienne de la vallee de la Creuse (Indre). Annales de Paleontologie 58 (1): 35-98.", "BELLARDI L. 1850. - Liste des fossiles de la formation nummulitique du Comte de Nice. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 2 (7): 678-683.", "BELLARDI L. 1852. - Catalogue raisonne des fossiles nummulitiques du Comte de Nice. Memoire de la Societe geologique de France 2 (4): 205-300.", "BENFRIKA M. EL 1994. - Systematique, biogeographie et ecologie des Pleurotomariides post-paleozoIques. These, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, 160 p.", "BIELER R. & PETIT R. E. 2005. - Catalogue of Recent and fossil taxa of the family Architectonicidae Gray, 1850 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 1101: 1-119.", "BODELLE J., CAMPREDON R. & LANTEAUME M. 1968. - Excursions dans les Alpes-Maritimes et les Basses-Alpes. Colloque sur l'Eocene, 21-22 mai 1968. Bureau de Recherches geologiques et minieres, Orleans, 73 p.", "BOUCHET P. & ROCROI J.-P. 2005. - Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1-2): 1-397.", "BOUCHET P. & RUTZLER K. 2003. - Case 3211: Clionidae d'Orbigny, 1851 (Porifera, Hadromerida): proposed emendment of spelling to Clionaidae to remove homonymy with Clionidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Mollusca, Pteropoda). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60 (2): 99-102.", "BOUSSAC J. 1909. - Crassatella subtumida Bellardi, 1852. Palaeontologia Universalis, Centuria 2, 2 (4): fiches 151-151a. .", "BOUSSAC J. 1910a. - Fusus subcarinatus roncanus Brongniart, 1823. Palaeontologia Universalis, Centuria 2, 3 (1) : fiches 162-162a.", "BOUSSAC J. 1910b. - Fusus polygonus roncanus Brongniart, 1823. Palaeontologia Universalis, Centuria 2, 3 (1) : fiches 171-171a.", "BOUSSAC J. 1910c. - Corbis pectunculus Lamarck, 1818. Palaeontologia Universalis, Centuria 2, 3 (2) : fiches 189-189a.", "BOUSSAC J. 1911a. - Etudes stratigraphiques et paleontologiques sur le Nummulitique de Biarritz. Annales Hebert. Annales de Stratigraphie et de Paleontologie du Laboratoire de Geologie de la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris 5: 1-96.", "BOUSSAC J. 1911b. - Etudes paleontologiques sur le Nummulitique alpin. Memoires pour servir a l'Explication de la Carte geologique detaillee de la France: 1-437.", "BOUSSAC J. 1912. - Terebra vulcani Brongniart, 1823. Palaeontologia Universalis, Centuria 3, 4 (1) : fiches 249-249a.", "BRARD P. 1810. - Sur les lymnees fossiles des environs de Paris, et sur les autres coquilles qui les accompagnent. Annales du Museum d'Histoire naturelle 15: 406-421.", "BRONGNIART A. 1810. - Sur des terrains qui paroissent avoir ete formes sous l'eau douce. Annales du Museum d'Histoire naturelle 15: 357-405.", "BRONGNIART A. 1823. - Memoire sur les terrains de sediments superieurs calcareo-trappeens du Vicentin et sur quelques terrains d'Italie, de France, de l'Allemagne, etc. qui peuvent se rapporter a la meme epoque. Levrault, Paris, 86 p.", "BUFFON G. L. LECLERC DE 1786. - Histoire naturelle des mineraux, in Histoire generale et particuliere avec la description du cabinet du Roi. Tome 4. Imprimerie royale, Paris, 492 p.", "CAHUZAC B., LESPORT J.-F. & LAGARDE L. 2004. - Revision des Cancellariidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) decrites par Grateloup (1827-1847) dans le Miocene des Landes (SW France). Geodiversitas 26 (2): 207-261.", "CAHUZAC B., DUPUY J.-P. & LAVERGNE G. 2005. - Revision des oursins fossiles d'Aquitaine decrits par Grateloup en 1836, et en partie retrouves dans sa collection conservee a l'Universite de Bordeaux-1. Cossmanniana 10 (1-4): 1-79.", "CANU F. 1910-1923. - Types du Prodrome de Paleontologie stratigraphique universelle d'Alcide d'Orbigny. 1, Bajocien. Annales de Paleontologie 5 (1910): 74- 78 (102-106) + pls 10-11 (20-21); 8 (1913): 96-99 (168-171) + pls 4-5 (30-31); 12 (1923): 152-155 (180-183).", "CANU F. 1927-1932. - Types du Prodrome de Paleontologie stratigraphique universelle d'Alcide d'Orbigny. 2, Callovien, Oxfordien, Corallien, Portlandien. Annales de Paleontologie 16 (1927): 102 (34) + pl. 13 (43); 17 (1928): 54-55 (70-71) + pl. 7 (49); 20 (1931): 4-9 (136-141) + pl. 1 (58); 21 (1932): 13-14 (205- 206);+ pl. 2 (67).", "CHELOT M. 1885. - Rectification pour servir a l'etude de la faune eocene du bassin de Paris. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 3 (13): 191-203.", "CHENU J. C. 1859. - Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paleontologie conchyliologique, tome 1. Masson, Paris, 508 p.", "CINZ 1961. - Code international de nomenclature zoologique. 1e ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. The Natural History Museum, Londres, 176 p.", "CINZ 1999. - Code international de nomenclature zoologique. 4e ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. The Natural History Museum, Londres, v-xxix + 306 p.", "CINZ 2003. - Declaration 44. Amendment of article 74.7.3. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60 (4): 263.", "CORROY G. 1925. - Le Neocomien de la bordure orientale du Bassin de Paris. Coube & Fils, Nancy, 336 p.", "COSSMANN M. 1886. - Catalogue illustre des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. 1er fascicule. Annales de la Societe royale malacologique de Belgique 21: 1-174.", "COSSMANN M. 1887. - Catalogue illustre des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. 2e fascicule. Annales de la Societe royale malacologique de Belgique 22: 1-218.", "COSSMANN M. 1888. - Catalogue illustre des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. 3e fascicule. Annales de la Societe royale malacologique de Belgique 23: 3-328.", "COSSMANN M. 1889. - Catalogue illustre des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. 4e fascicule. Annales de la Societe royale malacologique de Belgique 24 : 1-385.", "COSSMANN M. 1896a. - Catalogue illustre des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. Appendice n\u00b0 2. Annales de la Societe royale malacologique de Belgique 31: 1-94.", "COSSMANN M. 1896b. - Essais de paleoconchologie comparee. Deuxieme livraison. L'auteur, Paris, 1796 p.", "COSSMANN M. 1898a. - Mollusques eoceniques de la Loire-Inferieure, tome 1, fascicule 3. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de l'Ouest de la France 7 (4): 297-358.", "COSSMANN M. 1898b. - Estudio de algunos moluscos eocenos del Pirineo catalan. Boletin de la Comision del Mapa Geologico de Espana 23: 167-198.", "COSSMANN M. 1906. - Essais de paleoconchologie comparee. Septieme livraison. L'auteur; Rudeval, Paris, 261 p.", "COSSMANN M. 1907. - Catalogue illustre des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. Appendice n\u00b0 4. Annales de la Societe royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique 41: 182-286.", "COSSMANN M. 1913. - Catalogue illustre des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. Appendice n\u00b0 5. Annales de la Societe royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique 49: 19-238.", "COSSMANN M. 1917. - Eocene de Bretagne. Faune de Bois-Gouet. Atlas paleontologique. Hermann & Fils, Paris: pls 1-19 [preface et legendes reactualisees de Cossmann de l' Atlas paleontologique publie par Vasseur en 1882].", "COSSMANN M. 1923. - Description des mollusques, in O'GORMAN G., Le gisement cuisien de Gan (Basses- Pyrenees). L'auteur, Pau: 1-188.", "COSSMANN M. & PISSARRO G. 1910. - Iconographie complete des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. Tome II (pars). Hermann, Paris: pls 10-25.", "COSSMANN M. & PISSARRO G. 1911. - Iconographie complete des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocene des environs de Paris. Tome II (pars). Hermann, Paris: pls 26-45.", "COTTREAU J. 1912-1932. - Types du Prodrome de Paleontologie stratigraphique universelle d'Alcide d'Orbigny. 2, Callovien-Portlandien. Annales de Paleontologie 8 (1912): pls 9-10 (35-36); 14 (1925): 133-164 (1-32) + pls 16-20 (37-41); 16 (1927): 101-132 (33-64) + pls 12-16 (42-46); 17 (1928): 49-80 (65-96) + pls 5- 9 (47-51); 18 (1929): 141-176 (97-132) + pls 15-20 (52-57); 20 (1931): 1-40 (133-172) + pls 1-4 (58-61); 20 (1931): 165-184 (173-192) + pls 17-20 (62-65); 21 (1932): 1-30 (193-222) + pls 1-3 (66-68).", "COTTREAU J. 1934-1937. - Types du Prodrome de Paleontologie stratigraphique universelle d'Alcide d'Orbigny. 3, Neocomien. Annales de Paleontologie 23 (1934): pp. 45-80 (1-36) + pls 7-10 (69-72); 24 (1935): pp. 33-48 (37-52) + pls 4-6 (73-75); 26 (1937): 17-48 (53-84) + pls 2-7 (76-81).", "DEFRANCE J. 1826. - Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. Tome 39 (perroq-phoq). Levrault, Paris, 559 p.", "DELPEY G. 1941. - Histoire du genre Campanile. Annales de Paleontologie 29: 3-25.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1824. - Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Tome 2. Livraisons 2, 4 et 6. Levrault, Paris, 80 p.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1825a. - Anatomie et Monographie du genre Dentale. Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle de Paris 2: 1-58.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1825b. - Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Tome 2. Livraisons 8, 10 et 12. Levrault, Paris: 81-162.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1829. - Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Tome 1. Livraisons 14-16. Levrault, Paris: 161-240.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1830. - Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Tome 1. Livraisons 17-22. Levrault, Paris: 241-322.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1831. - Description de coquilles caracteristiques des terrains. Levrault, Paris, 264 p.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1832. - Encyclopedie Methodique. Histoire naturelle des Vers. Tome 2, fascicule 2. Agasse, Paris, 594 p.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1833. - Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Tome 2. Livraisons 30-36. Levrault, Paris: 291-429.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1834. - Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Tome 2. Livraisons 37-39. Levrault, Paris: 430-494.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1835. - Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Tome 2. Livraisons 40-45. Levrault, Paris: 495-780.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1850. - Traite elementaire de Conchyliologie, avec les applications de cette science a la geologie. Tome premier, seconde partie : Conchiferes dimyaires. Masson, Paris: 129-824.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1857. - Description des animaux sans vertebres decouverts dans le bassin de Paris. Tome 1. Livraisons 3-10. Bailliere, Paris: 81-392.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1862. - Description des animaux sans vertebres decouverts dans le bassin de Paris. Tome 2. Livraisons 29-32. Bailliere, Paris: 433-640.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1863. - Description des animaux sans vertebres decouverts dans le bassin de Paris. Tome 2. Livraisons 33-38. Bailliere, Paris: 641-920.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1864. - Description des animaux sans vertebres decouverts dans le bassin de Paris. Tome 2. Livraisons 39-40. Bailliere, Paris: 921-968.", "DESHAYES G.-P. 1865. - Description des animaux sans vertebres decouverts dans le bassin de Paris. Tome 3. Livraisons 45-50. Bailliere, Paris: 201-668.", "DESORS E. 1845. - Conchyliologie mineralogique de la Grande-Bretagne par James Sowerby, traduit de l'anglais, avec un avant-propos et des notes contenant de nombreuses additions et rectifications par L. Agassiz. Jent & Gassmann, Soleure, 336 p.", "DHONDT A. & FRENEIX S. 2002. - Cretaceous bivalves and Alcide d'Orbigny, in Alcide d'Orbigny.2: Voyageur naturaliste et systematicien. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1 (7): 555-564.", "DONCIEUX L. 1911. - Catalogue descriptif des fossiles nummulitiques de l'Aude et de l'Herault. Deuxieme partie (fascicule 2) : Corbieres septentrionales. Annales de l'Universite de Lyon 30: 1-142.", "DOUVILLE H. 1904. - Mission scientifique en Perse de J. de Morgan, tome III, Etudes geologiques, partie 4 : Paleontologie. Mollusques fossiles. Leroux, Paris: 191-380.", "DOUVILLE H. & O'GORMAN G. 1929. - L'Eocene du Bearn. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 4 (29): 329-390.", "DUNCAN P. M. 1880. - Sind fossil Corals and Alcyonaria. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia Indica 14, 1 (1): 1-110.", "DUNCAN P. M. 1884. - A revision of the families and genera of the sclerodermic Zoantharia Edwards & Haime or Madreporaria (M. rugosa excepted). Linnean Society's Journal 1: 1-204.", "FISCHER J.-C. 1994. - Revision critique de la Paleontologie francaise d'Alcide d'Orbigny incluant la reedition de l'original. Volume 1 : Cephalopodes jurassiques. Masson, Paris, 340 p.", "FISCHER J.-C. 2006. - Marcellin Boule et les types du Prodrome d'Alcide d'Orbigny. Annales de Paleontologie 92 (2): 129-136.", "FISCHER J.-C. & GAUTHIER H. 2006. - Revision critique de la Paleontologie francaise d'Alcide d'Orbigny incluant la reedition de l'original. Volume 4: Cephalopodes cretaces. Backhuys, Leyde, 292 p.", "FISCHER J.-C. & WEBER C. 1997. - Revision critique de la Paleontologie francaise d'Alcide d'Orbigny incluant la reedition de l'original. Volume 2 : Gastropodes jurassiques. Masson, Paris, 246 p.", "FISCHER P. 1868. - Recherches sur les eponges perforantes fossiles. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris 4: 117-172.", "FISCHER P. 1878. - Notice sur la vie et les travaux d'Alcide d'Orbigny. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 3 (6): 434-453.", "FRIZZELL D. L. 1933. - Terminology of types. American Midland Naturalist 14 (6): 637-668.", "GABILLY J. 1976. - Evolution et systematique des Phymatoceratinae et des Grammoceratinae (Hildocerataceae, Ammonitina) de la region de Thouars, stratotype du Toarcien. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France nouvelle serie 124 (54): 1-196.", "GAUDRY A. 1859. - Alcide d'Orbigny, ses voyages et ses travaux. Revue des deux Mondes 19: 816-847.", "GLIBERT M. 1963a. - Les Mesogastropoda fossiles du Cenozoique etranger des collections de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Deuxieme partie : Fossaridae a Ficidae (inclus). Memoires de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 2 (73): 1-154.", "GLIBERT M. 1963b. - Les Muricacea et les Buccinacea du Cenozoique etranger des collections de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Memoires de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 2 (74): 1-179.", "GOLDFUSS G. A. 1836. - Petrefacta Germaniae, tam ea quae in Museo Universitatis regio Borussicae Fridericiae Wilhelmiae Rhenanae servantur quam alia quaecunque in Museis Hoeninghusiano Muensterniano aliisque extant inconibus et descriptionibus illustrata. Part. 2 Dusseldorf: 69-140.", "GRANGE C. 1956. - Contribution a l'etude des Polypiers de Faudon (Hautes-Alpes). Diplome d'Etudes Superieures, Sorbonne, Paris, France, 88 p.", "GRATELOUP S. DE 1828. - Tableau des coquilles fossiles qu'on rencontre dans les terrains calcaires tertiaires (faluns) des environs de Dax, dans le departement des Landes. 2e article. Bulletin d'Histoire naturelle de la Societe linneenne de Bordeaux 2 (10): 123-158.", "GRATELOUP S. DE 1832. - Tableau des coquilles fossiles qu'on rencontre dans les terrains calcaires tertiaires (faluns) des environs de Dax, dans le departement des Landes. 5e article. Actes de la Societe linneenne de Bordeaux 5 (28): 263-282.", "GRATELOUP S. DE 1846. - Conchyliologie fossile des terrains tertiaires du bassin de l'Adour (environ de Dax). Tome 1. Univalves. Lafargue, Bordeaux, 48 pls.", "GRAVES L. 1847. - Essai sur la topographie geognostique du departement de l'Oise. Desjardin, Beauvais, 804 p.", "GREGORIO A. DE 1896. - Description des faunes tertiaires de la Venetie. Monographie de la faune eocenique de Ronca avec un appendice sur les fossiles de Monte Pulli. Annales de Geologie et de Paleontologie 21: 5-163.", "HEBERT E. & RENEVIER E. 1854. - Description des fossiles du terrain nummulitique superieur des environs de Gap, des Diablerets et de quelques localites de la Savoie. Bulletin de la Societe de Statistique du Departement de l'Isere 2 (3): 1-88.", "JUNG P. 1974. - A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana 8 (47): 5-52.", "KECSKEMETINE- KORMENDY A. 1972. - A Dorogimedence eocen molluszka faunaja [= Faune de mollusques eocenes du Bassin de Dorog]. A Magyar Allami Foldtani Intezet Evkonyve 55 (2): 147-285 (en hongrois).", "KECSKEMETINE- KORMENDY A. 1980. - Az eszakkeleti- Bakony eocen medence faciesenek Puhatestu faunaja [= La faune de mollusques du facies de bassin eocene du Bakony nord-oriental]. Annales Intituti Geologici Publici Hungarici 63 (3): 8-180 (en hongrois).", "KOLLMANN H. 2005. - Revision critique de la Paleontologie francaise d'Alcide d'Orbigny incluant la reedition de l'original. Volume 3: Gastropodes cretaces. Backuys, Leyde, 239 p.", "LAMARCK J.-B. DE 1804. - Memoires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris (suite). Annales du Museum d'Histoire naturelle 5: 28-36.", "LAMARCK J.-B. DE 1805. - Memoires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris (suite). Annales du Museum d'Histoire naturelle 6: 407-415.", "LAMARCK J.-B. DE 1806a. - Memoires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris (suite). Annales du Museum d'Histoire naturelle 7: 419-430.", "LAMARCK J.-B. DE 1806b. - Explication des planches relatives aux coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Annales du Museum d'Histoire naturelle 8: 383-388, pls 11-14 [59-62].", "LAMARCK J.-B. DE 1818. - Histoire des animaux sans vertebres. Tome 5. Lanoe, Paris, 612 p.", "LAMARCK J.-B. DE 1819. - Histoire des animaux sans vertebres. Tome 6. Lanoe, Paris, 343 p.", "LAMARCK J.-B. DE 1823. - Recueil de planches des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris avec deux planches des lymnees fossiles, et autres coquilles qui les accompagnent, des environs de Paris par M. Brard. Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris, 30 pls.", "LANDAU B., MARQUET R. & GRIGIS M. 2003. - The Early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, Southern Spain. 1. Vetigastropoda. Palaeontos 3: 1-87.", "LAURIAT- RAGE A. 2002. - La collection d'invertebres fossiles d'Alcide d'Orbigny et la salle d'Orbigny, in Alcide d'Orbigny. 2: Voyageur naturaliste et systematicien. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1 (7): 615-627.", "LEYMERIE A. 1846. - Memoire sur le terrain a Nummulites (epicretace) des Corbieres et de la Montagne

The behavior of ten species of strombid gastropods (Strombus and Lambis spp.) was studied in the Marshall, Hawaiian and Line Islands. Measurements were made in both the laboratory and the field of the MAP's comprising feeding, locomotion, righting of overturned shells, and escape from predators, which reflect significant ecological and morphological determinents of behavior in the Strombacea. All species feed by grazing with the proboscis under the protection of the shell. All Strombids use the MAP Leap during locomotion. The rate of locomotion varies as a hyperbolic function of length; increasing with greater size in the genus Strombus and decreasing in the genus Lambis. Larger animals travel a greater distance with each leap but make fewer leaps/minute. Species of Strombus right their overturned shells by a Kick at the substratum with the operculum, but species of Lambis use the MAP Pull and turn the animal over with the operculum wedged under the shell. Only one attempt is needed in the species of Lambis, but more are used by the faster moving species of Strombus. Intention movements are performed during righting. Species of both genera escape from molluscivorous cones using the MAP's Tentacle Wave, Flip and Run. In the species of Strombus, Flip causes a backward movement of the shell off the substratum, but in species of Lambis the shell restricts the movements and the animal merely turns to one side. Escape locomotion is much faster than normal locomotion, due to the greater distances travelled with each flip by the smaller species of Strombus and the greater number of leaps/minute made by all species. The flip escape response appears particularly adapted for escape from dart-shooting predators. A review of the literature on strombid behavior shows that the behavior of all species within the Strombacea is remarkably similar even though there is great disparity in shell shapes. Because of similarities in soft body parts and behavior, the Xenophoridae should be retained within the Strombacea. It is suggested that the species within the Strombacea evolved in parallel from a common aporrhaid-like stock and the behavior has diverged less than shell form and is therefore a more conservative character in the group's phylogeny than is shell shape. The behavior of a snail can be greatly modified by its shell. Differences in behavior between Strombus and Lambis are attributed to restrictions imposed by the shell and not differences in body movements. Behavior must be adapted to the shell shape and both, of course, reflect the animal's ecological setting.