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Brachial vascular function after acute aerobic exercise in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes Purpose: The acute exercise model provides clinical insights regarding vascular dysfunction in adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), as it uncovers abnormalities not normally present at rest. However, whether vascular responses to acute exercise in adults with T2DM are intensity-dependent, and whether response patterns differ with aging and disease, remains unknown. Thus, we examined brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and flow-mediated slowing (FMS) of pulse wave velocity (PWV), 10 and 60-min after an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in middle-aged and older men with and without T2DM compared to young men without T2DM. Hypothesis: HIIE would induce a larger decrease in FMD immediately after exercise cessation compared to MICE in older men with and without T2DM. Methods: Twelve males with (57-84 yr) and without (57-76 yr) T2DM, and 12 healthy young adults (20-40 yr), completed an isocaloric acute exercise bout of HIIE, MICE, and a non-exercise condition in randomized order. FMD and FMS were evaluated and offline analyzed by the same researcher following standard guidelines. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were measured via applanation tonometry estimates of carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) and carotid dorsalis pedis PWV (cdPWV), respectively. Statistical inferences were performed using linear mixed models. Results: %FMD was reduced (d= - 5.94, 95% CI: -10.50 to -1.38 %, p=0.002), whereas %FMS was increased (d= 4.55, 95% CI: 0.62 to 8.48%, p=0.01), 10-min after HIIE only in older adults with T2DM, returning to resting values 60-min into recovery. Conversely, %FMD was increased (d= 5.33, 95% CI: 0.76 to 9.89%, p=0.009) 10-min after MICE only in older adults with T2DM, while cfPWV and cdPWV remained unchanged following HIIE and MICE in all groups. There were no group differences at rest in brachial %FMD and %FMS, while cfPWV and cdPWV were higher in older adults with T2DM compared to age-matched controls (cfPWV: d= 1.94, 95% CI: 0.44 to 3.44 m. s-1, p=0.009). Conclusions: We found evidence of intensity- and disease-dependent vascular responses to acute aerobic exercise. These findings suggest that high-intensity acute exercise transiently impairs vascular function in older adults with T2DM, which may constitute an important trigger for exercise-based long-term improvements in vascular function. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Platelet-rich plasma injections have been a therapeutic option with exponential growth in several pathologies in the last decades, particularly musculoskeletal for their effect on improving pain and functionality. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic joint disease, which involves inflammation of the synovial membrane with cartilage and juxta-articular bone destruction. Conventional and biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs are the cornerstone of the treatment of this disease. However, the use of intra-articular glucocorticoids is often necessary and the role of platelet-rich plasma injections in these patients remains uncertain. A literature review was carried out through the PubMed database, Cochrane and Google Scholar for the search terms "rheumatoid arthritis" and "platelet-rich plasma". Eleven studies have been included in this review: two of these are

We compared central and peripheral arterial stiffness response patterns between persons with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) of different age groups at rest and following a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Fifteen young adults with and without IDD, and 15 middle-aged adults without IDD performed a CPET. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were measured at rest and following CPET using estimates of carotid-femoral (cfPWV), carotid-radial (crPWV), and carotid-ankle (cdPWV) pulse wave velocity derived from piezoelectric mechano-transducers. cfPWV remained unchanged following CPET in adults with and without IDD but increased in middle-aged adults ( d = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.27–1.42 m·s–1, p = 0.005), whereas cdPWV was similarly reduced ( d = –0.77; 95% CI: –1.06 to –0.48 m·s–1, p –1, p = 0.009) and without IDD ( d = –1.84; 95% CI: –3.26 to –0.43 m·s–1, p = 0.007) had lower cfPWV than middle-aged adults. We found no evidence of early vascular aging and diminished vascular reserve following CPET in adults with IDD.

We compared response patterns of cardiovagal modulation through heart-rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) indices at 10 and 60 min after an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in active young and older adults. Twelve young (aged 20–40 years) and older (aged 57–76 years) healthy and active male adults performed an isocaloric acute bout of HIIE, MICE, or a non-exercise condition in a randomized order. HRV and BRS indices were analyzed offline with R-R intervals obtained from a supine position. HIIE decreased natural logarithm (Ln) standard deviation of NN intervals (d=−0.53; 95% CI: −0.77 to −0.30 ms, p

Vascular changes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus majorly contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. Increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been associated with improvements in vascular health. Although CRF tends to improve with exercise training, there remains a portion of participants with little or no improvement. Given the importance of vascular function in individuals with type 2 diabetes, we assessed whether individuals who failed to improve CRF following a 1 year exercise intervention also failed to improve arterial stiffness and structural indices. Individuals with type 2 diabetes with no major micro- and macrovascular complications and aged between 30 and 75 years old (n = 63) participated in a three-arm, 1 year, randomised controlled exercise intervention in Lisbon, Portugal. The study involved a non-exercise control group, a moderate continuous training combined with resistance training (RT) group and a high-intensity interval training with RT group. Allocation of participants into the intervention and control groups was done using a computer-generated list of random numbers. An improvement in CRF was defined as a change in $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{peak}} $$ ≥5%. Vascular stiffness and structural indices were measured using ultrasound imaging and applanation tonometry. Generalised estimating equations were used to compare changes in vascular measures across individuals in the control group (n = 22) and those in the exercise groups who either had improved CRF (CRF responders; n = 14) or whose CRF did not improve (CRF non-responders; n = 27) following 1 year of exercise training. Compared with the control group, exercisers, with and without improvements in CRF, had decreased carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) (CRF responders: β = −2.84 [95% CI −5.63, −0.04]; CRF non-responders: β = −5.89 [95% CI −9.38, −2.40]) and lower-limb pulse wave velocity (PWV) (CRF responders: β = −0.14 [95% CI −0.25, −0.03]; CRF non-responders: β = −0.14 [95% CI −0.25, −0.03]), the latter being an indicator of peripheral arterial stiffness. Only CRF responders had decreased PWV of the upper limb compared with control participants (β = −0.12 [95% CI −0.23, −0.01]). As for central stiffness, CRF non-responders had increased aortic PWV compared with CRF responders (β = 0.19 [95% CI 0.07, 0.31]), whereas only the CRF non-responders had altered carotid distensibility coefficient compared with the control group (β = 0.00 [95% CI 3.01 × 10−5, 0.00]). No interaction effects between the CRF responders and non-responders vs control group were found for the remaining stiffness or haemodynamic indices (p>0.05). Regardless of improvements in CRF, individuals with type 2 diabetes had significant improvements in carotid IMT and lower-limb arterial stiffness following a 1 year exercise intervention. Thus, a lack of improvement in CRF following exercise in people with type 2 diabetes does not necessarily entail a lack of improvement in vascular health. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03144505 This work was supported by fellowships from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. This work is also financed by a national grant through the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), within the unit I&D 472.

Os antimicrobianos naturais sao compostos que apresentam capacidade de inibir o crescimento de microrganismos patogenicos e/ou deteriorantes, como bacterias e fungos. Os sistemas antimicrobianos podem ser de origem microbiana, animal e vegetal. Esses antimicrobianos vem sendo considerados uma alternativa atrativa para a oferta de produtos seguros e de boa qualidade, alem de aumentar o tempo de prateleira de diversos alimentos pereciveis. Diante dessa perspectiva, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar evidencias disponiveis da literatura sobre a potencial utilizacao de sistemas antimicrobianos naturais como conservantes alimentares. O estudo trata-se de uma revisao de literatura acerca da utilizacao de sistemas antimicrobianos naturais como conservantes alimentares. Foram utilizadas revistas eletronicas de saude, com dimensao temporal entre 1997 a 2019. Os sistemas antimicrobianos naturais sao representados por bacteriocinas, Peptideos Antimicrobianos (PAMs) e Oleos Essenciais (OE), estes compostos inibem ou impedem a multiplicacao de microrganismos contaminantes em alimentos. Os agentes antimicrobianos provenientes de fontes naturais sao utilizados como agentes de conservacao de forma a aumentar o tempo de prateleira dos alimentos e manter as caracteristicas de qualidade dos alimentos. Quanto ao mecanismo antimicrobiano, esses compostos interferem nas funcoes das celulas de microrganismos principalmente gerando modificacoes nas propriedades da membrana citoplasmatica e no metabolismo energetico alem de inibirem a sintese de acido nucleico. Logo, os antimicrobianos naturais podem ser considerados alternativas viaveis para ampliar o tempo de prateleira, garantir a seguranca e atender a demanda para a conservacao dos atributos nutricionais e da qualidade dos alimentos.

O câncer e uma doenca multifatorial cronica, caracterizada pelo crescimento desordenado de celulas que acometem tecidos e orgaos do corpo humano. O estado nutricional do paciente oncologico e algo que deve ser priorizado, devido a presenca das inumeras alteracoes metabolicas envolvendo os macronutrientes (carboidratos, proteinas e lipideos), isto, pode repercutir de forma desfavoravel a composicao corporal desses pacientes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisao sistematica de literatura sobre as repercussoes nutricionais e avaliacao dos parâmetros antropometricos e bioquimicos do paciente oncologico. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliografico de artigos cientificos atraves das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (BVS) e Scielo, entre os anos de 2007 e 2017, nos idiomas portugues e ingles. O paciente oncologico em geral, apresenta varias alteracoes fisiopatologicas que envolvem a relacao tumor-hospedeiro as quais influenciam no seu estado nutricional e consequentemente na saude e qualidade de vida, uma vez que, nessa condicao existe uma competicao por nutrientes das celulas saudaveis e tumorais. Diante disso, fazse necessario considerar todas as alteracoes fisiopatologicas que ocorrem nos pacientes oncologicos, bem como associar os parâmetros antropometricos com os bioquimicos para avaliar o estado nutricional dos mesmos, e com base nisso, iniciar precocemente a terapeutica nutricional para colaborar na reducao da progressao das alteracoes provocadas pelo câncer e auxiliar na prevencao ou diminuicao da deterioracao do estado nutricional do paciente oncologico.

Serum samples (n = 1532) were collected between May 2011 to April 2012 from goats from 76 herds (49 from dairy farms and 27 herds for genetic improvement) from three geographical regions from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: Zona da Mata, Agreste, and Sertão. Samples were processed using agar gel immunodiffusion test, with p28 CAEV antigen. The objective was to determine the risk factors for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) in dairy goats and goats with high genetic value. Overall, seroprevalence was 13.7% (210/1532) [95% CI: 12-15.4%] in animals and 67.1% (51/76) [95% CI: 56.5%- 77.7%] in herds. In dairy farms the seroprevalence was 73.5% (36/49) [95% CI: 61.1%- 85.8%], and in properties with animals of high genetic value it was 55.6% (15/27) [95% CI: 36.8%- 74.3%]. Robust Poisson regression analysis adjusted by the random effect of the herd showed that risk factors were: importing bucks from another Brazilian state (prevalence ratio [PR] = 4.73 [95% CI: 2.05; 10.88]), not isolating sick animals (PR = 3.27 [95% CI: 2.24; 4.76]), and participating in fairs/animal crowding (PR = 1.52 [95% CI: 1.09; 2.11]). Prevalence results show that SRLV is present in caprine herds in the state of Pernambuco and identified risk factors are strongly related to animal transit. Considering the epidemiological situation, the first step for mitigating the consequences of this disease would be controlling animal transit.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is attracting increasing attention in the sports and exercise fields, as it provides insights into brain behavior during specific tasks. However, it remains unclear if the promising wireless EEG caps provide reliable results despite the artifacts associated with head movement. The present study aims to evaluate the repeatability of brain activity as measured by a wireless 32-channel EEG system (EMOTIV flex cap) during resistance exercises in 18 apparently healthy but physically inactive young adults (10 men and 8 women). Moderate-intensity leg press exercises are performed with two evaluations with 48 h. between. This intensity allows enough time for data analysis while reducing unnecessary but involuntary head movements. Repeated measurements of EEG during the resistance exercise show high repeatability in all frequency bands, with excellent ICCs (>0.90) and bias close to zero, regardless of sex. These results suggest that a 32-channel wireless EEG system can be used to collect data on controlled resistance exercise tasks performed at moderate intensities. Future studies should replicate these results with a bigger sample size and different resistance exercises and intensities.

Objectives. To examine the acute effect of a maximal aerobic exercise effort on aortic, peripheral arterial stiffness and cardiovagal modulation of trained and untrained patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. Eighteen untrained patients with CAD, 18 trained patients with CAD, and 18 apparently healthy trained subjects were sampled and matched for age and body mass index. Aortic and peripheral stiffness were measured by applanation tonometry estimates of carotid-femoral (cfPWV), carotid-radial (crPWV), and carotid-dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity (cdPWV), respectively. Cardiovagal modulation was assessed by heart-rate variability (HRV) indices including the standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN), root-mean-square of successive differences (RMSSD), and the high-frequency power band (HF). cfPWV, crPWV, cdPWV, and HRV indices were measured at rest, 10 and 30 min following a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Results. No differences were observed between groups at rest nor over time in indices of HRV, cfPWV and cdPWV. Still, main effects of time were observed in cfPWV (p

Introduction Fat is a metabolic fuel, but excess body fat is ballast mass, and therefore, many elite athletes reduce body fat to dangerously low levels. Uncompressed subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness measured by brightness-mode ultrasound (US) provides an estimate of body fat content. Methods The accuracy for determining tissue borders is about 0.1–0.2 mm and reliability (experienced measurers) was within ± 1.4 mm (95% limit of agreement, LOA). We present here inter- and intra-measurer scores of three experienced US measurers from each of the centres C1 and C2, and of three novice measurers from each of the centres C3–C5. Each of the five centres measured 16 competitive adult athletes of national or international level, except for one centre where the number was 12. The following sports were included: artistic gymnastics, judo, pentathlon, power lifting, rowing, kayak, soccer, tennis, rugby, basketball, field hockey, water polo, volleyball, American football, triathlon, swimming, cycling, long-distance running, mid-distance running, hurdles, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, and ice hockey. SAT contour was detected semi-automatically: typically, 100 thicknesses of SAT at a given site (i.e., in a given image), with and without fibrous structures, were measured. Results At SAT thickness sums DI (of eight standardised sites) between 6.0 and 70.0 mm, the LOA of experienced measurers was 1.2 mm, and the intra-class correlation coefficient ICC was 0.998; novice measurers: 3.1 mm and 0.988. Intra-measurer differences were similar. The median DI value of all 39 female participants was 51 mm (11% fibrous structures) compared to 17 mm (18%) in the 37 male participants. Discussion DI measurement accuracy and precision enables detection of fat mass changes of approximately 0.2 kg. Such reliability has not been reached with any other method. Although females’ median body mass index and mass index were lower than those of males, females’ median DI was three times higher, and their percentage of fibrous structures was lower. The standardised US method provides a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring SAT and thus changes in body fat, but training of measurers is important.

Technology and education must advance at the same time, therefore, it is necessary to adapt these concepts to the teaching process of students of future generations, but without losing the concept of what education really is and its proper use through technologies. Th ere is a new trend in educational technology that encompasses two instances, known as Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, Th e recompilation of experiments in diff erent important institutions demonstrates the success of this trend in the fi eld of education and its potential integration with ethnosciences, however are little known and used by teachers today, especially in our environment, therefore it is necessary to know its use and benefi ts, in addition to educational applications, generating a culture that uses these tools for the benefi t of society. La tecnología como la educación deben avanzar a la par, por lo tanto, es necesario adaptar estos conceptos al proceso de enseñanza de los estudiantes de las futuras generaciones, pero sin perder el concepto de lo que en realidad es la educación y su uso adecuado a través de las tecnologías. Existe una nueva tendencia en tecnología educativa que engloba dos instancias, conocidas como Realidad Aumentada y Realidad Virtual. La recopilación de experimentos en distintas instituciones importantes, donde se demuestra el éxito de esta tendencia en el campo de la educación y su potencial integración con las Etnociencias, sin embargo son poco conocidas y utilizadas por los docentes en la actualidad, sobre todo en nuestro medio, por lo tanto es necesario que se conozca su utilización y benefi cios, además de las aplicaciones educativas, generando una cultura que utilice estas herramientas para el benefi cio de la sociedad.

© 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group., We compared the impact of a one-year periodized exercise training versus a non-periodized exercise training on health-related physical fitness (HRPF) including body composition, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Fifty CAD patients (60.4 ± 9.9 years) were randomized to either a periodized training group (PG) (n = 25) or a non-periodized training group (NPG) (n = 25). Both consisted of a combined training programme, performed 3 days/week for 12 months. Thirty-six CAD patients (PG: n = 18, NPG: n = 18) successfully completed the exercise regimes. In both groups, a favourable main effect for time was evident for peak VO2, peak workload, anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point workloads and VO2, whole body skeletal muscle mass and quality index at 12 months.In conclusion, a periodized model is as effective as a non-periodized model in promoting increases in HRPF outcomes following a one-year intervention. These findings indicate that health-professionals can add variation to cardiac rehabilitation workouts without compromising effectiveness., R. P. was supported by a scholarship from the Universidade de Lisboa, grant number 545. The current work was partly supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under grant UIDB/00447/2020 to CIPER – Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (unit 447).

© 2021 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) prompts antiatherogenic adaptations in vascular function and structure. However, there is an extraordinary interindividual variability in response to a standard dose of exercise, wherein a substantial number of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) do not improve CRF. We (1) evaluated the effects of 12-month of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on CRF and arterial stiffness and (2) tested whether an additional 3-month of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would add to improvements in CRF responsiveness and arterial stiffness. Methods: Fifteen adults with mild-to-moderate IDD (male adults = 9, 30.1 ± 7.5 years old) met 3 days per week for 30 min MICT for 12 months, after which the incidence of CRF responsiveness was calculated (≥5.0% change in absolute peak VO2 ). Thereafter, responders and non-responders started HIIT for 3 months with identical daily training load/frequency. Peak VO2 , local and regional indices of arterial stiffness were assessed prior to and after each period. Results: Sixty per cent of the participants were non-responders following MICT, but the incidence dropped to 20% following HIIT (P = 0.03). Absolute peak VO2 values reached significant difference from pre-intervention (+0.38 ± 0.08 L min-1 , P = 0.001) only when HIIT was added. Lower limb pulse wave velocity (PWV) decreased following MICT (-0.8 ± 1.1 m s-1 , P = 0.049), whereas central PWV only decreased following HIIT (-0.8 ± 0.9 m s-1 , P = 0.013). Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness responsiveness and reductions in PWV to a 12-month MICT period in adults with IDD improved following a period of HIIT programme inducing higher metabolic stress.

Background: Supervised (SE) and home-based exercise (HBE) training regimes are effective on reconditioning patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) after liver transplantation, but research of the long-term retention of the benefits attained in patients with FAP has not yet been conducted. Purpose: In this 5-year follow-up study, we aimed to determine whether the exercise training gains in body composition, physical activity, and function promoted by a 24-week SE or HBE training regimes are retained in patients with FAP who resume normal activity. Methodology: Sixteen liver-transplanted patients with FAP were reassessed for body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), physical activity (questionnaire), and function (handgrip strength and 6-minute walk test). Results: Total body fat increased with both exercise regimes during follow-up ( P < .05; η2 = 0.432-0.625) as well as femoral neck bone density ( P = .048; η2 = 0.119). However, gains in upper limbs muscle quality during follow-up ( P < .001; η2 = 0.597) were only found in the SE group ( P = .042; η2 = 0.245). Both exercise regimes showed retaining aptitudes in walking capacity ( P < .05; η2 = 0.329-0.460) and muscle mass ( P = .05; η2 = 0.245). Still, none could retain the physical activity levels. Conclusion: Long-term resumption of normal activity following a 24-week SE or HBE regime in patients with FAP resulted in loss of exercise induced increases in physical activity but counterweighted postoperative losses in bone mineral density and substantially retained the benefits in walking capacity, muscle mass, and quality, in particular, in the SE group.

espanolObjetivo: Estimar el gasto total de energia y la intensidad de una rutina de BodyattackTM de bajo impacto. Metodos: Los participantes fueron 10 adultos de peso normal (33 ± 3 anos). La potencia maxima de oxigeno y la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) se determinaron por el rendimiento en una prueba de ejercicio maxima utilizando el metodo calorimetrico indirecto. Los valores de la frecuencia cardiaca y del gasto total de energia se monitorearon durante una rutina utilizando un sensor combinado de frecuencia cardiaca y movimiento. Resultados: Una clase de BodyattackTM de bajo impacto de 60 minutos exige un gasto total de energia de 469.4 ± 170.8 kcal a una intensidad promedio del 64% de la frecuencia cardiaca maxima, de los cuales 27.2 minutos se gastan en actividad fisica de intensidad moderada a vigorosa. En comparacion con una clase de alto impacto, el gasto total de energia fue menor en la opcion de bajo impacto (-194.8 Kcal, p=0.006), pero no se encontraron diferencias en la intensidad promedio (-9.4%, p=0.707). Conclusion: Las clases de Bodyattack™ de bajo impacto pueden cumplir con las recomendaciones minimas para desarrollar y mantener la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, si se practican mas de tres dias por semana. Sin embargo, los requisitos de energia de Bodyattack ™ de bajo impacto pueden no provocar una perdida de peso efectiva. EnglishObjective: To estimate total energy expenditure and intensity of a low impact BodyattackTM session using combined heart rate and movement sensing technology. Method: Participants were 10 (8 males) normal-weight adults (33 ± 3 years-old). Maximal oxygen capacity and heart rate were determined by the performance on a treadmill maximal exercise test using indirect calorimetric method. Heart rate and energy expenditure values were monitored during a Bodyattack™ routine using a combined heart rate and movement sensor. The manufacturer's combined activity and heart rate algorithm was used to estimate Total and Physical activity energy expenditure. Results: A 60 min low impact BodyattackTM session demands a Total energy expenditure of 469.4 ± 170.8 kcal at an average intensity of 64% of maximal heart rate, from which approximately 27.2 min are spent at moderate to vigorous physical activity intensities. Compared to a high impact BodyattackTM session as reported by the trademark company, Total energy expenditure was lower in the low impact option (-194.8 Kcal, p=0.006), but no significant differences were found in average intensity (-9.4%, p=0.707). Conclusion: Bodyattack™ routines performed at a low impact option may be sufficient to meet minimal recommendations for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness, if practiced beyond three days.week-1. Although appropriate for untrained individuals and those with orthopedic limitations, energy requirements of low impact Bodyattack™ may not be enough to elicit an effective weight loss. portuguesObjetivo: Estimar o dispendio energetico total (DE) e a intensidade de uma aula de BodyattackTM de baixo impacto. Metodo: Dez adultos com peso normal (33 ± 3 anos) participaram neste estudo. O consumo maximo de oxigenio e a frequencia cardiaca (FC) foram determinadas por calorimetria indireta em resposta a um teste de esforco maximo. A FC e o dispendio energetico total foram monitorizados continuadamente durante a aula usando um sensor combinado de FC e movimento. Resultados: Uma aula de 60 minutos de BodyattackTM de baixo impacto solicita um dispendio energetico total de 469.4 ± 170.8 kcal a uma intensidade media de 64% da FC maxima, dos quais 27.2 minutos sao gastos em atividades fisicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa. Em comparacao com uma rotina de alto impacto, o dispendio energetico total foi menor na opcao de baixo impacto (194.8 Kcal, p = 0.006), mas nao foram encontradas diferencas na intensidade media (-9.4%, p = 0.707). Conclusao: As aulas de Bodyattack™ de baixo impacto podem alcancar as recomendacoes minimas para o aumento e manutencao da aptidao aerobia, desde que praticadas tres ou mais dias por semana. No entanto, o dispendio energetico total de uma aula de Bodyattack™ de baixo impacto pode nao concorrer para uma perda de peso efetiva.

To determine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), on noninvasive estimates of systolic ventricular function, exercise performance, severity of symptoms and quality of life. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, resting transthoracic echocardiogram and health-related quality of life assessment were obtained before and at 6 months after CRT implantation in 37 patients with moderate-to-severe CHF. Patients were randomized after CRT to either a 24-week HIIT group (90–95% peak heart rate, 2 days per week) or to a usual care group (CON). Mixed design 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA were used to test for differences within and in-between groups. Improvements in health-related quality of life (HIIT = 98.54%, CON = 123.47%), NYHA class (HIIT = 43.44%, CON = 38.30%) HR recovery at minute 1 (HIIT = 32.32%, CON = 42.94%), pulse pressure at peak effort (HIIT = 14.06%, CON = 9.52%, LVEF (HIIT = 42.17%, CON = 51.10%) and LV Mass (HIIT = 13.26%, CON = 11.88%) were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Significant increases in CPET duration in the HIIT group (25.94%), and increases in peak VO2 (HIIT = 8.64%, CON = 4.85%) and percent-predicted VO2 (HIIT = 10.57%, CON = 4.26%) in both groups, were observed in the intention-to-treat analysis. Six months of HIIT in patients in CRT did not further improved indices of functional capacity and health-related quality of life, and LV structure and function, compared to CRT alone. However, HIIT led to further improvements in exercise performance. It remains unclear whether HIIT benefits patients in CRT to a similar degree as more conventional forms of exercise training previously shown to maximize benefits in CRT. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02413151.

Objectives. Evaluate the effects of a 6-month High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program on (1) functional capacity and health-related quality of life, (2) multiple blood biomarkers, (3) echocardiographic parameters, and (4) exercise performance, in patients in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) stratified by the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF), targeting the following questions: (1) Does CRT provide similar benefits in patients in AF and sinus rhythm (SR)?; and (2) Does HIIT provides similar benefits in patients in AF and SR? Design. Estimates were available at baseline and 6 months after CRT implantation in 37 patients with heart failure. Patients were randomized after CRT to a 24-week HIIT group or to a usual care group (CON). In this sub-analysis, HIIT (AF = 7; SR = 11) and CON (AF = 9; SR = 10) were stratified by the presence of AF. Results. Patients in AF benefitted to a lesser degree from CRT in functional status than patients in SR (23.8-46.0%). However, HIIT induced superior improvements in patients in AF compared to CON (23.9-61.0%). Decreases in TNF-α (8.5-42.9%), BNP (15.3-34.6%) and left ventricular mass (9.6-26.2%) were only observed in patients in SR, whereas increases in peak oxygen uptake were only observed in patients in AF (19.5-23.2%). HIIT improved exercise capacity (8.8-59.4%) in patients in SR. Conclusions. Patients in AF or SR undergoing CRT demonstrated distinct benefits from device implantation and from HIIT as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy. This suggests that both mainstay and adjunctive therapeutics may need to be managed differently in patients in AF and SR. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31011/1519-339X.2018a18n84.14 As queimaduras elétricas na infância, geralmente ocorrem no ambiente doméstico, quando crianças mal supervisionadas tem ao seu alcance fi os desencapados e tomadas desprotegidas. São raras na face superior da língua e a profundidade está relacionada a: voltagem, amperagem, tipo de corrente, tempo de exposição e resistência tecidual. Objetiva-se identifi car fatores de risco para acidentes na infância envolvendo eletricidade, e buscar novas opções de tratamento. Estudo observacional descritivo, no qual fora realizada avaliação dos aspectos clínicos, psicológicos e nutricionais da criança, com registro fotográfi co da evolução da lesão na língua durante o período de internação e após a alta. No presente relato uma paciente de 04 anos apresentou queimadura elétrica na face superior da língua e palato após contato direto com um cabo conectado à rede elétrica. No atendimento inicial, após a realização dos procedimentos do Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), a criança foi submetida a tratamento clínico, nutrição enteral e medicação tópica citoprotetora. Apresentou retração severa na língua e comprometimento parcial da fala. Conclui-se que a queimadura elétrica na face superior da língua além do difícil manejo, acarreta sequelas anatômicas, funcionais e estéticas. Há necessidade de futuros estudos no sentido de apresentar novos recursos terapêuticos, e intensifi car estratégias de prevenção. Palavras-chave: Criança; Língua; Palato; Queimaduras por Corrente Elétrica ABSTRACT Electric burns in childhood usually occur in the home environment when poorly supervised children have bare wires and unprotected outlets at their fi ngertips. They are rare on the upper surface of the tongue and the depth is related to: voltage, amperage, current type, time of exposure and tissue resistance. It aims to identify risk factors for childhood accidents involving electricity, and to seek options of new treatments. Descriptive observational study, in which an evaluation of the clinical, psychological and nutritional aspects of the child was carried out, with a photographic record of the evolution of the lesion in the tongue during the hospitalization period and after discharge. In the present report, a 4-year-old patient presented electrical burns on the upper surface of the tongue and palate after direct contact with a cable connected to the power grid. In the initial care, after performing the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) procedures, the child underwent clinical treatment, enteral nutrition and topical cytoprotective medication. Were presented severe retraction in the tongue and partial speech impairment. It concludes that the electric burn on the upper surface of the tongue besides the diffi cult handling, causes anatomical, functional and aesthetic sequels. There is a need for future studies in order to present new therapeutic resources, and to intensify prevention strategies. Keywords: Child; Tongue; Palate; Burns Electric.

© The Author(s) 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated., Background: Exercise, when performed on a regular basis, is a well-accepted strategy to improve vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the exercise intensity that yields maximal adaptations on structural and functional indices in patients with type 2 diabetes remains uncertain. Our objective was to analyze the impact of a 1-year randomized controlled trial of combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) vs. a combined moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on structural and functional arterial indices in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n=80) were randomized into an exercise intervention with three groups: control, combined HIIT with RT and combined MCT with RT. The 1-year intervention had 3 weekly exercise sessions. High-resolution ultrasonography of the common carotid artery and central and peripheral applanation tonometry were used to assess the changes in structural and functional arterial indices. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the corresponding outcomes. Results: After adjusting the models for sex, baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and mean arterial pressure changes, while using the intention-to-treat analysis, a signifcant interaction was observed on the carotid intimamedia thickness (cIMT) for both the MCT (β=−4.25, p, The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or fnancial relationships that could be construed as a potential competing interest. JM and RTR are supported by a scholarship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (JM grant: SFRH/ BD/85742/2012, RTR grant: SFRH/BPD/110426/2015). This work is also fnanced by a national grant through the FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the unit I&D 472 (UID/DTP/00447/2019).

Purpose: To examine the acute effect of maximal exercise effort on pulse wave velocity (PWV) and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with CAD with a range of functional capacity levels, and the association between these parameters 1,2,3. Methods: Thirty-six patients with CAD (62 ± 10 y) ranging in very-poor (5.22 ± 0.83METs; n = 18; VPFIT-CAD) to poor (6.50 ± 1.35METs; n = 18; PFIT-CAD) functional capacity, and 18 age-sex-matched healthy controls (8.53 ± 1.84METs; FFIT-CON) had their aortic- and peripheral-PWV, and HRV assessed prior to, and at 10 min and 30 min following a maximal cycle-ergometer test. Results: Aortic- and peripheral-PWV did not differ between groups (p > 0.05) at baseline. Aortic-PWV was significantly increased at 10 min (0.63−0.98 m.s−1) following exercise in all groups, but only remained so at 30 min in PFIT-CAD. Lower limb-PWV decreased in VPFIT-CAD and FFIT-CON at 10min (0.48; 0.51 m.s−1) and remained so at 30 min (0.51; 0.45 m.s−1), but not in PFIT-CAD. Still, no interaction effects were observed (p = 0.864). RMSSD was lower in PFIT-CAD compared to FFIT-CON (6.55, p = 0.009). RMSSD decreased at 10min following exercise in PFIT-CAD (5.26, p=0.005) and FFIT-CON (8.86, p < 0.001) but only remained so at 30min in PFIT-CAD (3.27, p = 0.47; p-interaction = 0.001). A significant correlation between changes in aortic-PWV and RMSSD assessed from prior to 10min recovery was observed in VPFIT-CAD (r = 0.44, p = 0.034). Conclusion: Patients with CAD have similar arterial response to maximal exercise compared to their higher fit healthy peers. However, HRV following exercise is apparently compromised in CAD patients. The reduction in aortic PWV is parallel to the changes in HRV in patients with CAD with very-poor functional levels.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the influence of muscular strength on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in children, controlling for the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and central adiposity and to examine if differences among muscular strength tertiles translate to physiological differences. We assessed cIMT of the common carotid artery in 366 children between 11-12 years of age (191 girls). Measures included cIMT assessed with high-resolution ultrasonography, a maximal handgrip strength test, body fat mass and lean mass from DXA and CRF determined using a maximal cycle ergometer test. Association between muscular strength and cIMT adjusted for CRF and central adiposity, as measured by trunk fat, was tested with multiple linear regression analysis. Differences in risk factors among muscular strength groups were tested with ANOVA. The Muscular Strength Index (MSI) was inversely associated with cIMT independently of CRF and central adiposity (p

It is unclear if cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can be used as a screening tool for premature changes in carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in paediatric populations. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was 3-fold: (i) to determine if CRF can be used to screen increased cIMT; (ii) to determine an optimal CRF cut-off to predict increased cIMT; and (iii) to evaluate its ability to predict increased cIMT among children in comparison with existent CRF cut-offs. cIMT was assessed with high-resolution ultrasonography and CRF was determined using a maximal cycle test. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted in boys (n = 211) and girls (n = 202) aged 11–12 years to define the optimal sex-specific CRF cut-off to classify increased cIMT (≥75th percentile). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the CRF cut-offs with the risk of having an increased cIMT. The optimal CRF cut-offs to predict increased cIMT were 45.81 and 34.46 mL·kg−1·min−1 for boys and girls, respectively. The odds-ratios for having increased cIMT among children who were unfit was up to 2.8 times the odds among those who were fit (95% confidence interval: 1.40–5.53). Considering current CRF cut-offs, only those suggested by Adegboye et al. 2011. (Br. J. Sports Med. 45(9): 722–728) and Boddy et al. 2012 (PLoS One, 7(9): e45755) were significant in predicting increased cIMT. In conclusion, CRF cut-offs (boys: ≤ 45.8; girls: ≤ 34.5 mL·kg−1·min−1) are associated with thickening of the arterial wall in 11- to 12-year-old children. Low CRF is an important cardiovascular risk factor in children and our data highlight the importance of obtaining an adequate CRF.

Increasing energy expenditure (EE) in cardiac patients remains a challenge. Exercise approaches in cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs (CR/SP) have consistently resulted in minimal weight loss, due in part to the low exercise-related EE. The purpose of this study was to measure the EE among patients participating in a routine exercise session of Phase III maintenance CR/SP, where a recreational activity was introduced. Twelve overweight/obese male patients with coronary artery disease (aged 62.6 ± 8.5 years) had their total EE measured during a combined aerobic (circuit workout (ACW) and recreational activity) and resistance training (RT) session using a portable gas analyzer. Subjects were instructed to exercise at 60%–70% of heart rate reserve. Activity EE was calculated from total EE and resting EE. The duration of the session was 75.3 ± 1.5 min, of which 59.7 ± 8.8 min were above moderate intensity (3–6 METs). Activity EE was 309 ± 76 kcal, concurring to a total EE of 457 ± 80 kcal (3.9 ± 0.8 METs-h). ACW, recreational activity, and RT fulfilled 34.4% ± 6.4%, 25.0% ± 5.3%, and 14.2% ± 2.7% of the activity EE, respectively. Absolute intensities (METs) were significantly different between the RT (3.9 ± 1.0) and the ACW (6.9 ± 1.8) and recreational activity (5.9 ± 0.8). In conclusion, a combined aerobic and resistance training following standard exercise prescription practices, coupled with a recreational activity, is an effective tool to promote exercise above moderate intensity in male coronary artery disease patients. Clinicians can adopt concepts from recreational activity to develop CR/SP sessions.

Purpose: We examined whether exposure to high PP in adolescence predicts carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and stiffness indices at young adulthood. Methods: Seventy-nine participants had their brachial systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) pressures taken at the age of 15–16 years and later at young adulthood (29–31 years). Carotid IMT, distensibility and stiffness index β were measured at young adulthood. Linear and logistical regression analysis were performed. Results: PP at adolescence and at young adulthood predicted vascular health independently of sex, body mass index, and mean arterial pressure, explaining up to 37% of the variance. When analyzing its single constituents, at adolescence DBP was more predictive of vascular health, whereas DBP and SBP were equally important at young adulthood. Adolescents with high PP were at risk for increased carotid IMT (OR: 4.04–4.09), even if PP decreased at young adulthood. Young adults with high PP were at risk for increased stiffness regardless of adolescence PP (OR: 4.64–7.35). Conclusion: PP at adolescence and young adulthood may be a better predictor of early pathological changes in carotid artery structure and stiffness. Whereas carotid IMT in young adults appears to be influenced by PP at adolescence, carotid stiffness depends primarily on current PP.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Pimenta N.M., Cortez-Pinto H., Melo X., Silva-Nunes J., Sardinha L.B. & Santa-Clara H. (2017) Waist-to-height ratio is independently related to whole and central body fat, regardless of the waist circumference measurement protocol, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. J Hum Nutr Diet. 30, 185–192, which has been published in final form atdoi: 10.1111/jhn.12410. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. Background: Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been reported as a prefer-able risk related body fat (BF) marker, although no standardised waistcircumference measurement protocol (WCmp) has been proposed. Thepresent study aimed to investigate whether the use of a different WCmpaffects the strength of relationship between WHtR and both whole andcentral BF in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.Methods: BF was assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in28 NAFLD patients [19 males, mean (SD) 51 (13) years and nine females,47 (13) years]. All subjects also underwent anthropometric evaluationincluding height and waist circumference (WC) measurement using fourdifferent WCmp (WC1, minimal waist; WC2, iliac crest; WC3, mid-distancebetween iliac crest and lowest rib; WC4, at the umbilicus) and WHtR wascalculated using each WC measurements (WHtR1, WHtR2, WHtR3 andWHtR4, respectively). Partial correlations were conducted to assess the rela-tion of WHtR and DXA assessed BF.Results: All WHtR were particularly correlated with central BF, includingabdominal BF (r = 0.80, r = 0.84, r = 0.84 and r = 0.78, respectively, forWHtR1, WHtR2, WHtR3 and WHtR4) and central abdominal BF (r = 0.72,r = 0.77, r = 0.76 and r = 0.71, respectively, for WHtR1, WHtR2, WHtR3and WHtR4), after controlling for age, sex and body mass index. There wereno differences between the correlation coefficients obtained between allstudied WHtR and each whole and central BF variable.Conclusions: Waist-to-height ratio was found a suitable BF marker in thepresent sample of NAFLD patients and the strength of the relationshipbetween WHtR and both whole and central BF was not altered by usingdifferent WCmp in the present sample of NAFLD patients. FUNDING SOURCES The first author of this paper was supported by a research grant (PhD scholarship) from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Ministry of Education and Science of Portugal (grant: SFRH/ BD/ 70515/ 2010). The present study was funded by: the Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, Lisbon, Portugal. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

RESUMO: A soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) foi determinada em amostras de soros sanguíneos de caprinos e ovinos de aptidão cárnea provenientes de abatedouros de dez municípios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. O diagnóstico sorológico ocorreu por meio da imunodifusão em gel de agarose (micro-IDGA) com antígenos dos vírus artrite encefalite caprina (CAE)/Maedi-Visna. Entre as 369 amostras de caprinos, 7(1,89%) (0,8-3,9%) eram soropositivas, e, entre as 383 de ovinos, 1 (0,26%) (0,0-1,4%) estava infectada. Os 7 caprinos soropositivos procederam dos abatedouros públicos dos municípios de Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) e Timbaúba (n=1), e o ovino soropositivo veio do abatedouro público de Serra Talhada. A soroprevalência da infecção por LVPR em pequenos ruminantes oriundos de abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, de 1,06% (8/752), é considerada baixa. ABSTRACT: The prevalence of lentivirus infection of small ruminants (LVPR) was determined in samples of serum from goats and sheep in slaughterhouses from ten districts of Pernambuco State. The serological test was used in agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) with antigen caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAE)/Maedi Visna virus. Among the 369 blood serum samples of goats examined, seven (1.89%) (0.8-3.9%) were seropositive, and among the 383 sheep samples examined, just one (0.26%) (0.0-1.4%) was infected. The seven seropositive goats came from public slaughterhouses from Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) and Timbaúba (n=1), and the soropositive sheep was from a public slaughterhouse of Serra Talhada. The soroprevalence of LVPR infection in small ruminants from Pernambuco's slaughterhouses, of 1.06% (8/752), is considered low.

Xavier Melo is supported by a research grant from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Ministry of Education and Science of Portugal (grant: SFRH/ BD/ 70515/ 2010). Nuno M. Pimenta is cofinanced by national funds through the Programa Operacional do Alentejo 2007-2013 (ALENT-07-0262- FEDER-001883) This study compared the effects of a bout of maximal running exercise on arterial stiffness in children and adults. Right carotid blood pressure and artery stiffness indices measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), compliance and distensibility coefficients, stiffness index α and β (echo-tracking), contralateral carotid blood pressure, and upper and lower limb and central/aortic PWV (applanation tonometry) were taken at rest and 10 min after a bout of maximal treadmill running in 34 children (7.38 ± 0.38 years) and 45 young adults (25.22 ± 0.91 years) having similar aerobic potential. Two-by-two repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used to detect differences with exercise between groups. Carotid pulse pressure (PP; η(2) = 0.394) increased more in adults after exercise (p < 0.05). Compliance (η(2) = 0.385) decreased in particular in adults and in those with high changes in distending pressure, similarly to stiffness index α and β. Carotid PWV increased more in adults and was related to local changes in PP but not mean arterial pressure (MAP). Stiffness in the lower limbs decreased (η(2) = 0.115) but apparently only in those with small MAP changes (η(2) = 0.111). No significant exercise or group interaction effects were found when variables were adjusted to height. An acute bout of maximal exercise can alter arterial stiffness and hemodynamics in the carotid artery and within the active muscle beds. Arterial stiffness and hemodynamic response to metabolic demands during exercise in children simply reflect their smaller body size and may not indicate a particular physiological difference compared with adults. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Central accumulation and distribution of body fat (BF) is an important cardiometabolic risk factor. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), commonly elevated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, has been endorsed as a risk related marker of central BF content and distribution, but no standardized waist circumference measurement protocol (WCmp) has been proposed. We aimed to investigate whether using different WCmp affects the strength of association between WHR and BF content and distribution in NAFLD patients. BF was assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 28 NAFLD patients (19 males, 51 ± 13 years, and 9 females, 47 ± 13 years). Waist circumference (WC) was measured using four different WCmp (WC1: minimal waist; WC2: iliac crest; WC3: mid-distance between iliac crest and lowest rib; WC4: at the umbilicus) and WHR was calculated accordingly (WHR1, WHR2, WHR3 and WHR4, respectively). High WHR was found in up to 84.6% of subjects, depending on the WHR considered. With the exception of WHR1, all WHR correlated well with abdominal BF (r = .47 for WHR1; r = .59 for WHR2 and WHR3; r = .58 for WHR4) and BF distribution (r = .45 for WHR1; r = .56 for WHR2 and WHR3; r = .51 for WHR4), controlling for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). WHR2 and WHR3 diagnosed exactly the same prevalence of high WHR (76.9%). The present study confirms the strong relation between WHR and central BF, regardless of WCmp used, in NAFLD patients. WHR2 and WHR3 seemed preferable for use in clinical practice, interchangeably, for the diagnosis of high WHR in NAFLD patients.

This study compared the validity of reported equations as predictors of peak VO(2) in 8-10-year-old children. Participants (90 boys and girls aged 8-10 years) performed the multistage-shuttle-run-test (MSRT) and peak VO(2) was measured in field using a portable gas analyser. The equations that estimated peak VO(2) from the MSRT performance were chosen according to the age range of this study. As follows, the FITNESSGRAM reports and the equations of Leger et al. (Can J Appl Sport Sci 5: 77-84, 1988), Barnett et al. (Pediatr Exerc Sci 5:42-50, 1993), Matsuzaka et al. (Pediatr Exerc Sci 16:113-125, 2004) and Fernhall et al. (Am J Ment Retard 102:602-612, 1998) were used to estimate the peak VO(2) and compared with the directly measured value. The equation of Leger et al. (Can J Appl Sport Sci 5: 77-84, 1988) provided a mean difference (d) of 4.7 ml kg(-1) min(-1) and a 1.0 slope. The equation of Matsuzaka et al. (Pediatr Exerc Sci 16:113-125, 2004)(a) using maximal speed (MS) showed a higher d (5.4) than the remaining using total laps d (4.2). The equation of Barnett et al. (Pediatr Exerc Sci 5:42-50, 1993)(a) that includes triceps skinfold and MS showed the highest d (6.1) but the smallest range (24.1) and slope (0.6). Data from the FITNESSGRAM had the smallest d (1.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1)), but also had the highest range between limits of agreement (28.6 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and a 1.2 slope. The lowest slope (0.4) and range (22.2 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) were observed using the equation of Fernhall et al. (Am J Ment Retard 102:602-612, 1998). Log transformation of the data revealed that the equations of Matsuzaka et al. (Pediatr Exerc Sci 16:113-125, 2004)(a) (1.1*/÷1.25) and Fernhall et al. (Am J Ment Retard 102:602-612, 1998) (1.17*/÷1.25) showed the closest agreement among all, but they still yield unsatisfactory accuracy.

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Acute aerobic exercise decreases arterial stiffness, while acute resistance exercise increases arterial stiffness. There is little information on the effect of such exercise on arterial stiffness in older patients with CAD. Purpose: We examined arterial stiffness, beta stiffness, central and brachial blood pressure after an acute aerobic compared to resistance exercise session in older patients with CAD. Methods: We tested eighteen male patients with coronary artery disease aged 71.8 ± 10.2 years. Arterial stiffness was measured by PWV and beta-stiffness and both brachial and central blood pressures were obtained following 15minutes of supine rest and at 5,15,30 minutes after the aerobic and resistance exercise sessions on different and non-consecutive days. Aerobic session consisted of high intensity interval treadmill walking (10stages of 2minutes at 85–90% maximal heart rate, 1min rest). Resistance sessions consisted of 6 exercises, 3 sets, 8 repetitions at 70% of 1RM). Results: An interaction effect was detected for central PWV(p ≤ 0.005), due to an increase in PWV following resistance session and a decrease in PWV following aerobic session. Controlling PWV for mean arterial pressure did not alter the results. Significant decreases 15min following aerobic exercise were also found in brachial systolic blood pressure and beta stiffness(p ≤ 0.005). Conclusions: In these older CAD patients, aerobic exercise decreased PWV, while resistance exercise increased PWV, consistent with data on young healthy populations. However, beta stiffness did not increase after resistance exercise, suggesting the arterial segment measured, and/or the methodology used impacts the arterial response to resistance exercise in older CAD patients.

Central fat accumulation is important in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology. It is unknown whether any commonly used waist circumference measurement protocol (WCmp), as a whole and central fat accumulation marker, is preferable for patients with NAFLD. The present study sought to find a preferable WCmp to be used in patients with NAFLD, based on 3-fold criteria.Body fat (BF) was assessed through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 28 patients with NAFLD (19 men, 51 ± 13 years; 9 women, 47 ± 13 years). WC was measured with 4 types of WCmp: WC1, narrowest torso; WC2, just above iliac crest; WC3, middistance between iliac crest and last rib; WC4, at the umbilicus.All WC measurements were highly correlated with central BF depots, including trunk BF (r = 0.78, r = 0.82, r = 0.82, r = 0.84 for WC1, WC2, WC3, and WC4, respectively), abdominal BF (r = 0.78, r = 0.78, r = 0.80, r = 0.72 for WC1, WC2, WC3, and WC4, respectively), and central abdominal BF (r = 0.76, r = 0.77, r = 0.78, r = 0.68 for WC1, WC2, WC3, and WC4, respectively), controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. There were no differences between the correlation coefficients obtained between all studied waist circumference measurements and each whole and central analyzed BF variable.All studied WCmps seem suitable for use in patients with NAFLD, particularly as a central BF clinical assessment tool, though not interchangeably. Hence, biological and precision criteria alone did not sanction the superiority of any WCmp. Practical criteria may endorse WC measured at the iliac crest.

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is an autosomal dominant syndrome associated to CDH1 gene mutation that affects at least 30% of CDH1+ families, with a penetrance of 80% at 80 years, and multifocal signed ring cell in most of the cases. The suggested treatment is a prophylactic total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy, malignancy sing must be imperative a gastrectomy.