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A focus of recent research is to understand the role of our own response goals in the selection of information that will be encoded in episodic memory. For example, if we respond to a target in the presence of distractors, an important aspect under study is whether the distractor and the target share a common response (congruent) or not (incongruent). Some studies have found that congruent objects tend to be grouped together and stored in episodic memory, whereas other studies found that targets in the presence of incongruent distractors are remembered better. Our current research seems to support both views. We used a Tulving-based definition of episodic memory to differentiate memory from episodic and non-episodic traces. In this task, participants first had to classify a blue object as human or animal (target) which appeared in the presence of a green one (distractor) that could belong to the same category as the target (congruent); to the opposite one (incongruent); or to an irrelevant one (neutral). Later they had to report the identity (What), location (Where) and time (When) of both target objects (which had been previously responded to) and distractors (which had been ignored). Episodic memory was inferred when the three scene properties (identity, location and time) were correct. The measure of non-episodic memory consisted of those trials in which the identity was correctly remembered, but not the location or time. Our results show that episodic memory for congruent stimuli is significantly superior to that for incongruent ones. In sharp contrast, non-episodic measures found superior memory for targets in the presence of incongruent distractors. Our results demonstrate that response compatibility affects the encoding of episodic and non-episodic memory traces in different ways.

The identification of human remains belonging to missing persons is one of the main challenges for forensic genetics. Although other means of identification can be applied to missing person investigations, DNA is often extremely valuable to further support or refute potential associations. When reference DNA samples cannot be collected from personal items belonging to a missing person, a direct DNA identification cannot be carried out. However, identifications can be made indirectly using DNA from the missing person's relatives. The ranking of likelihood ratio (LR) values, which measure the fit of a missing person for any given pedigree, is often the first step in selecting candidates in a DNA database. Although implementing DNA kinship matching in a national environment is feasible, many challenges need to be resolved before applying this method to an international configuration. In this study, we present an innovative and intuitive method to perform international DNA kinship matching and facilitate the comparison of DNA profiles when the ancestry is unknown or unsure and/or when different marker sets are used. This straightforward method, which is based on calculations performed with the DNA matching software BONAPARTE, Worldwide allele frequencies and tailored cutoff log

Quand on lit le livre de l’Exode dans la Bible Historiale, on y découvre le nom de la mère adoptive de Moïse: Thermet, figure issue du panthéon égyptien, mais ici associée à Marie, sœur de Moïse. Or, il existe dans le haut Moyen Âge une certaine confusion entre Marie de Nazareth et Marie l’égyptienne, la sœur de Moïse. Le présent article parcourt les textes pour se demander si la fille du roi de l’Exode pourrait être le support d’une préfiguration mariale.

The identification of human remains belonging to missing persons is one of the main challenges for forensic genetics. Although other means of identification can be applied to missing person investigations, DNA is often extremely valuable to further support or refute potential associations. When reference DNA samples collected from personal items belonging to a missing person are not available, a direct DNA identification cannot be carried out. However, identifications can be made indirectly using DNA from the missing person’s relatives. The ranking of likelihood ratio (LR) values, measured to estimate the fit of a missing person for any given pedigree, is often the first step to select candidates in a DNA database. Although implementing DNA kinship matching in a national environment is feasible, many challenges need to be resolved before applying this method to an international configuration. In this study, we present an innovative and intuitive method to perform international DNA kinship matching and facilitate the comparison of DNA profiles when the ancestry is unknown or unsure and/or when different marker sets are used. This straightforward method, which is based on calculations performed with the DNA matching software BONAPARTE, worldwide allele frequencies and tailored cutoff log10LR thresholds, allows for the classification of potential candidates according to the strength of the DNA evidence and the predicted proportion of adventitious matches. This method is a powerful tool to streamline the decision-making process in missing person investigations and DVI processes, especially when there are low numbers of overlapping typed STRs. Intuitive interpretation tables and a decision tree will help strengthen international data comparison for the identification of reported missing individuals discovered outside of their national borders.

L’ouvrage d’Anton Tantner, traduit de l’allemand par Laurent Cantagrel dans le cadre des echanges intellectuels promus par la FMSH, est un opuscule de 125 pages initialement publie chez Wagenbach en 2015 sous le titre : Die ersten Suchmaschinen. Adressburos, Fragamter, Intelligenz-Comptoirs. Redige dans un francais clair, selon les normes academiques, il se compose d’une introduction-fiction de quelques pages, suivie de trois parties suivant l’ordre chronologique du developpement des bureaux...

Background and purpose Recent crystal structures of GPCRs have emphasized the previously unappreciated role of the second extracellular (E2) loop in ligand binding and gating and receptor activation. Here, we have assessed the role of the E2 loop in the activation of the melatonin MT1 receptor and in the inactivation of the closely related orphan receptor GPR50. Experimental approach Chimeric MT1 -GPR50 receptors were generated and functionally analysed in terms of 2-[125 I]iodomelatonin binding, Gi /cAMP signalling and β-arrestin2 recruitment. We also used computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Key results MD simulations of 300 ns revealed (i) the tight hairpin structure of the E2 loop of the MT1 receptor (ii) the most suitable features for melatonin binding in MT1 receptors and (iii) major predicted rearrangements upon MT1 receptor activation, stabilizing interaction networks between Phe179 or Gln181 in the E2 loop and transmembrane helixes 5 and 6. Functional assays confirmed these predictions, because reciprocal replacement of MT1 and GPR50 residues/domains led to the predicted loss- and gain-of-melatonin action of MT1 receptors and GPR50 respectively. Conclusions and implications Our work demonstrated the crucial role of the E2 loop for MT1 receptor and GPR50 function by proposing a model in which the E2 loop is important in stabilizing active MT1 receptor conformations and by showing how evolutionary processes appear to have selected for modifications in the E2 loop in order to make GPR50 unresponsive to melatonin. Linked articles This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.

Dans la lignee des travaux de Dominique Cotte et Marie Despres-Lonnet, l’article pose la question du lieu de la donnee au sein des ressources numeriques et ambitionne d’y repondre en procedant a une description de ce que le mot locator de la ressource designe, etant a la fois son adresse et le moyen d’y acceder. L’adresse du serveur, le chemin a l’interieur du disque puis l’ensemble des moyens de denomination et de description fine des markup languages permettent de construire une image fidele de l’information documentaire au sein de collections qui autorisent de nouvelles strategies pour la fouille de donnees. Quoi qu’il en soit, la fouille textuelle et l’analyse quantitative demeurent des positionnements ideologiques quand seuls l’intelligence et le discernement humains peuvent en dernier lieu en apprecier la richesse et en valider la pertinence.

"Outre ses défauts fonctionnels, l’écriture inclusive pose des problèmes à ceux qui ont des difficultés d’apprentissage et, en réalité, à tous les francophones soudain privés de règles et livrés à un arbitraire moral." Bien que favorables à la féminisation de la langue, plusieurs linguistes estiment l'écriture inclusive profondément problématique.

Il existe une spécificité disciplinaire des LSHS qui ont en commun l’étude de l’objet documentaire. Ce dernier n’est plus conservé en bibliothèque mais consulté sous une forme chimiquement stable du silicium qui en constitue la substance. L’émergence de nouvelles sources épistémologiques et la multiplication des compétences technologiques nécessaires pour la conduite d’une chaîne éditoriale favorise l’émergence d’une dynamique, les Humanités Numériques, que l’on pourrait définir à ce stade comme une discipline dont l’objet d’étude est à proprement parler le document numérique lui-même, éventuellement perçu comme un original second, et dont l’objectif est l’encyclopédisme numérique libre et partagé en rupture avec les processus d’édition savante. The document is the main object of Literacies and Humanities. This item is no more held by Libraries nor Archives but downloaded in a silicium chemically stable form, its renewed format definition. New epistemic sources are also emerging as well as the technological skills needed for promoting a scientific editorial line are increasing. This context of empowerment may encourage the appearance of french « Humanités Numériques » which could be defined as a news scientific discipline that studies digital document itself, a kind of cloned original, and whose principal objective is to promote open edition, open access to and sharing of knowledge far from the academic publishing sector.

There is some debate as to whether responding to objects in our environment improves episodic memory or does not impact it. Some authors claim that actively encoding objects improves their representation in episodic memory. Conversely, episodic memory has also been shown to improve in passive conditions, suggesting that the action itself could interfere with the encoding process. This study looks at the impact of attention and action on episodic memory using a novel what-where-when (WWW) task that includes information about object identity (what) and spatial (where) and temporal (when) properties. With this approach, we studied the episodic memory of 2 types of objects: a target, where attention or an action is defined, and a distractor, an object to be ignored, following 2 selective states: active versus passive selection. When targets were actively selected, we found no evidence of episodic memory enhancement compared to passive selection; instead, memory from irrelevant sources was suppressed. The pattern was replicated across a 2-D static display and a more realistic 3-D virtual environment. This selective attention effect on episodic memory was not observed on nonepisodic measures, demonstrating a link between attention and the encoding of episodic experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record

En 2016, pour les journées d’étude « Jean de Berry et l’écrit. Les pratiques documentaires d’un fils de roi de France », ont été mis en ligne sur le site des archives départementales du Cher quatorze dossiers paléographiques concernant des actes de Jean de Berry dans le fonds de la Sainte-Chapelle de Bourges (http://www.archives18.fr/article.php?larub=369&titre=les-actes-de-jean-de-berry-dans-le-fonds-de-la-sainte-chapelle-de-bourges). Ce travail a été effectué dans le cadre du séminaire « Pa...

International audience

L’ouvrage d’Anton Tantner, traduit de l’allemand par Laurent Cantagrel dans le cadre des échanges intellectuels promus par la FMSH, est un opuscule de 125 pages initialement publié chez Wagenbach en 2015 sous le titre : Die ersten Suchmaschinen. Adressbüros, Fragämter, Intelligenz-Comptoirs. Rédigé dans un français clair, selon les normes académiques, il se compose d’une introduction-fiction de quelques pages, suivie de trois parties suivant l’ordre chronologique du développement des bureaux...

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) applications in forensic science highlight the advantages of this technique compared to capillary electrophoresis (CE). The multiplexing of a wide range of genetic markers and access to the full amplicon sequence, allowing the detection of isoalleles, make it a very promising tool which could be applied to the most challenging casework DNA samples. However, the complexity of the manual library preparation protocol, potential DNA contamination and sample tracking issues are the main reasons why forensic scientists still hesitate to implement MPS analytical workflows in their laboratory. Here, we present the automation of all library preparation steps for up to 96 samples using the Verogen's ForenSeq