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The problem of food-borne illnesses due to microbial contamination of infant and young children foods is usually of international concern， and the unique character of the infant and young child population requires special and strict food safety requirements for their own foods. This article reviews the progress of contamination with Salmonella and Cronobacter （Enterobacter sakazakii） of Enterobacteriaceae family in foods for infants and young children and its diseases risk at home and abroad in recent years， and also provides technical support for the revision of national standards for infant and young children foods and its manufacturing processes in China through the comparative analysis of domestic and international microbiological limits for infant and young children foods.

The self-healing oxidized sodium alginate-glycol chitosan hydrogel (OSA-GC) based on dynamic imine bonds was synthesized. Oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) was synthesized by oxidizing sodium alginate with sodium periodate, and self-healing OSA-GC hydrogels with different cross-linking degrees were prepared by Schiff base reaction with glycol chitosan (GC). The effect of GC concentration on the microscopic morphology, viscoelasticity, swelling performance, self-repair performance, degradation rate and in vitro drug release performance of OSA-GC hydrogels were investigated. The results show that OSA-GC hydrogels have the characteristics of porous structure with a pore size ranging from 50 μm to 280 μm by controlling the mass ratio of OSA to GC. The OSA-GC hydrogels can reach the swelling equilibrium at 120 hours, and the swelling ratio reach 71.3-112.1. OSA-GC hydrogel can be degraded in PBS containing lysozyme (10 mg/mL), and the mass loss of OSA-GC hydrogel is 43.1%-51.9% after 12 days. At room temperature, OSA-GC hydrogels can achieve self-healing within 2 h in the absence of external stimuli. OSA-GC hydrogel loaded with gemcitabine shows a sustained release effect on the anti-cancer drug gemcitabine, and the release time can reach 48 hours in the drug release experiment, which shows promising application prospects in biomedical fields of drug carriers.

Molds and yeasts are common fungi that cause food contamination， and are also used as indicators to evaluate the quality of food hygiene. China has been conducting contamination surveillance of molds and yeasts in food since 1984， and has greatly promoted the quality of food hygiene nationwide. However， the key technical aspects of Chinese standard GB 4789.15—2016 “National food safety standards of food microbiological examination - molds and yeasts enumeration” and foreign standards from other countries or international organizations are rather different. Therefore，to adapt to the needs of international trade and better promote Chinese standards in line with foreign or international standards， this article reviews the comparative analysis of foreign or international standards such as BAM Chapter 18—2001 from the US， AS 5013.29—2009 from Australia， and ISO 21527—2008 from the International Organization for Standardization， with the Chinese standard （GB 4789.15—2016） on mold and yeast enumeration to provide a theoretical basis and reference method for the subsequent revision of the Chinese standard on mold and yeast enumeration in food.

Objective To evaluate the expression of FUNDC1 and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods We used TCGA database to analyze the difference of mitochondrial receptors (DRP1, BNIP3, FUNDC1, NIX, RHEB, LC3, OPA1 and MFN1) expression between normal and NSCLC tissues, as well as its effect on the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect FUNDC1 expression. The correlations between FUNDC1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis were evaluated by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Results FUNDC1 expression was increased in NSCLC tissues, compared with normal tissues. FUNDC1 expression was related to the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis, but not to gender, age, pathological type, distant metastasis or TNM classification. The Cox regression analysis showed that FUNDC1 protein expression, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree were independent prognostic factors of NSCLC. Increased FUNDC1 expression was related to decreased OS and PFS (P < 0.01). Conclusion The up-regulation of FUNDC1 expression can affect the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. It may be a new potential target for treating with NSCLC.

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the contamination of 12 mycotoxins in unprocessed wheat grain samples from four provinces of China in 2019.MethodsA total of 289 wheat grain samples harvested in 2019 from He'nan, Hebei, Anhui and Shandong provinces of China were collected and analyzed for 12 kinds of mycotoxins, including 8 Fusarium toxins and 4 aflatoxins by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).ResultsDeoxynivalenol (DON) was the predominant mycotoxin in wheat samples, and the positive rate and the average level of DON were 95.5% (276/289) and 135.9 μg/kg. While the positive rates and the average levels of 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-Ac-DON) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON) were 37.4% (108/289) and 4.4 μg/kg, 36.7% (106/289) and 5.2 g/kg, respectively. The positive rates and the average levels of the rest of 8 Fusarium toxins and 4 aflatoxins were relatively low. There was no significant difference in mycotoxins contamination levels among the four provinces. Among 289 wheat samples, 59.9% (173/289) samples were simultaneously contaminated with more than 2 mycotoxins with DON and its derivatives 15-Ac-DON and/or 3-Ac-DON being the frequent combination.ConclusionDON is the predominant mycotoxin in wheat samples in China and the incidence of co-occurrence of DON and its derivatives, 3-Ac-DON and/or 15-Ac-DON are high. The positive rate and contamination levels of aflatoxins and other Fusarium toxins are relatively low. These results suggest that there should be a continuous monitoring for the contamination of fusarium mycotoxins, especially DON and its derivatives, in wheat in China.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of HIV-negative plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) patients. Methods We collected HIV-negative PBL cases reported in our hospital and other literatures from online databases from January 1, 1997 to March 30, 2020. The data of clinical features, molecular pathology, treatment and prognosis were summarized and analyzed. Results We included 60 PBL patients, average age was 53.06±14.36 years, and most of them had relatively high Ann Arbor stage and Ki-67 expression. The average OS was 13.48±13.21 m. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed Ann Arbor stage, IPI index (3-5), B symptoms and CR in initial treatment were significantly related with patients' survival. Cox regression analysis indicated that the Ann Arbor stage and IPI index were the independent prognostic factors for patients' survival. Conclusion HIV-negative PBL mostly occurs in the middle-age and elderly patients, with advanced diagnosis stage and rapid tumor proliferation. Combination chemotherapy is the main treatment, while the therapeutic response and OS might be heterogeneous, the prognosis of most patients would be poor. The stage and IPI index are significantly related to the prognosis.

Objective To investigate whether the polymorphism of the DNA repair gene APE1(Asp148Glu) is associated with the risk and prognosis of cervical cancer in women of Southwest China. Methods We studied the clinical features of 290 woman with cervical cancer diagnosed in Daping hospital from January 2007 to July 2014. And another 290 healthy volunteers who took physical examination during the same period were recruited and served as normal control. The patients were followed up for the total survival. PCR-CTPP was used detect the genotype of APE1(Asp148Glu and -141T/G) in the patients and normal control. Chi-square test was applied to assess the distribution of individual clinical characteristics, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was used to analyze the polymorphisms of these genes between the case and control. Multivariate logistic regression models were to assess the association of these polymorphisms with risk of cervical cancer. And Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of overall survivals(OS) in different genotypes. Results The Glu/Glu genotype showed a lower risk of cervical cancer(OR=0.542, P < 0.05) when compared with the APE1 Asp148 Asp/Asp genotype, especially for the individuals with following features: childbirth < 2(OR=0.345, P < 0.05), menarche older than 14 years old(OR=0.522, P < 0.05), non-menopause(OR=0.324, P < 0.05), age of menopause ≥45 years old(OR=0.495, P < 0.05) or squamous carcinoma(OR=0.597, P < 0.05). And those carrying Glu genotype had a higher OS benefit than those carrying the APE1 Asp148 Asp genotypes(P=0.001). However, there was no significant association between the APE1 pro-141T/G polymorphism and risk of cervical cancer. Conclusion Homozygous APE1 148 Glu/ Glu genotype has a reduced risk and a better prognosis of cervical cancer.

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the problem of "white pollution" caused by waste plastics has become more and more important to all countries, and the restriction of plastic and plastic ban has become a global consensus, which has ushered in a good opportunity for the biodegradable plastic industry. Polybutylene adipate-butylene terephthalate (PBAT) is one of the most widely used biodegradable plastics at present. This paper mainly introduces the synthesis, modification and current market status of PBAT. At present, the synthesis process of PBAT mainly adopts direct esterification method, often blended with other resins for modification, and the prepared products are used in the field of film bags. In recent years, the production capacity of PBAT has grown significantly, mainly in China.

Human-wildlife interactions are increasing in severity due to climate change and proliferating urbanization. Regions where human infrastructure and activity are rapidly densifying or newly appearing constitute novel environments in which wildlife must learn to coexist with people, thereby serving as ideal case studies with which to infer future human-wildlife interactions in shared landscapes. As a widely reviled and behaviorally plastic apex predator, the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is a model species for understanding how large carnivores navigate these human-caused landscapes of fear in a changing world. Using high-resolution GPS collar data, we applied resource selection functions and step selection functions to assess spotted hyena landscape navigation and fine-scale movement decisions in relation to social-ecological features in a rapidly developing region comprising two protected areas: Lake Nakuru National Park and Soysambu Conservancy, Kenya. We then used camera trap imagery and Barrier Behavior Analysis (BaBA) to further examine hyena interactions with barriers. Our results show that environmental factors, linear infrastructure, human-carnivore conflict hotspots, and human tolerance were all important predictors for landscape-scale resource selection by hyenas, while human experience elements were less important for fine-scale hyena movement decisions. Hyena selection for these characteristics also changed seasonally and across land management types. Camera traps documented an exceptionally high number of individual spotted hyenas (234) approaching the national park fence at 16 sites during the study period, and BaBA results suggested that hyenas perceive protected area boundaries semi-permeable electric fences as risky but may cross them out of necessity. Our findings highlight that the ability of carnivores to flexibly respond within human-caused landscapes of fear may be expressed differently depending on context, scale, and climatic factors. These results also point to the need to incorporate societal factors into multiscale analyses of wildlife movement to effectively plan for human-wildlife coexistence.

The Compulsory Education Course Standards for Mathematics 2022 have highlighted the educational objectives of junior secondary mathematics by emphasizing the development of mathematical competence and practical learning. Model consciousness, as one of the fundamental mathematical competencies to be developed at the junior secondary level, can facilitate students' comprehension of the universal application of mathematics. Teachers of mathematics in junior high school should construct effective classroom activities based on the cognitive qualities of their students in order to enhance their mathematical model consciousness and comprehension of the substance of mathematics knowledge. This paper is a lesson study of the education of Congruent Triangles, and its purpose is to investigate strategies for fostering mathematical model consciousness among junior high school pupils.

Wildlife translocations are increasingly used to combat declining biodiversity worldwide. Successful translocation often hinges on coexistence between humans and wildlife, yet not all translocation efforts explicitly include human dimensions (e.g., economic incentives, education programs, and conflict reduction assistance). To evaluate the prevalence and associated outcomes of including human dimensions as objectives when planning translocations, we analyze 305 case studies from the IUCN's Global Re-Introduction Perspectives Series. We find that fewer than half of all projects included human dimension objectives (42%), but that projects including human dimension objectives were associated with improved wildlife population outcomes (i.e., higher probability of survival, reproduction, or population growth). Translocation efforts were more likely to include human dimension objectives if they involved mammals, species with a history of local human conflict, and local stakeholders. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating objectives related to human dimensions in translocation planning efforts to improve conservation success.