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Abstract. Anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs), which mainly target the vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling pathway, have become a therapeutic option for cancer patients for two decades. During this period, tremendous clinical experience of anti-angiogenic therapy has been acquired, new AADs have been developed, and the clinical indications for AAD treatment of various cancers have been expanded using monotherapy and combination therapy. However, improvements in the therapeutic outcomes of clinically available AADs and the development of more effective next-generation AADs are still urgently required. This review aims to provide historical and perspective views on tumor angiogenesis to allow readers to gain mechanistic insights and learn new therapeutic development. We revisit the history of concept initiation and AAD discovery, and summarize the up-to-date clinical translation of anti-angiogenic cancer therapy in this field.

Since the International guidelines for groin hernia management were published in 2018, many new evidences have been published. In October 2023, the HerniaSurge Group published Update of the international HerniaSurge guidelines for groin hernia management. It updated eight chapters of the last guidelines, proposed 20 key questions, and 39 new statements and 32 recommendations, of which 16 were strong recommendations. This article combined clinical concerns to sort out and interpret the updated version.

[Objective] In the context of high-quality development of the rice industry, analyzing the spatial and temporal trends and differences in rice production efficiency in China under resource and environmental constraints is of great value in exploring the improvement of rice production efficiency in the future and promoting the green and sustainable development of rice production. [Methods] Drawing on China’s comprehensive rice input-output panel data from 2009 to 2021, and using the window DEA analysis method based on the super efficiency SBM model and the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method, this study examine the rice production efficiency and improvement path considering climate and pollution emission under resource and environmental constraints. [Results] The research showed that: (1) Rice production efficiency across the nation was generally at a commendably high level. Round-grained rice demonstrated the highest efficiency (1.0089), followed by rearly indica rice (1.0065), medium indica rice (0.9769), and late indica rice (0.9380), and the proportion of early, medium, late indica rice and round-grained rice with relatively efficient average productivity was 77.78%, 76.92%, 67.13%, and 58.12% of all years, respectively. The average annual carbon emissions from rice production showed an inverted U-shaped trend. Concomitantly, the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution index of rice production remained conspicuously high. (2) Overall, regional differences in production efficiency were significant across China’s six principal rice paddy regions. The average value of rice production efficiency in central, northwestern and southwestern rice paddy region is higher than the national average, that in northeastern and southern rice paddy region is lower than the national average, and that in northern rice paddy region is higher than the national average for medium indica rice and lower than the national average for round-grained rice. (3) From the perspective of grouping patterns, six paths to improve production efficiency were found, and the three main paths to improve rice production efficiency are: technology-oriented, market-driven, and talent-led. [Conclusion] Increasing the prevention of source pollution, taking advantage of efficient rice paddy regions and providing high level of technical agricultural services are important paths to improving the efficiency of rice production.

Since the development wave of plant-based food in China from 2019, the plant-based food industry has gone through a development process from "soaring and enthusiastic" to "calm and rational". The current development of the entire industry tends to be stable and orderly. After five years of developments, the understandings of plant-based food in its development concepts nutritional characteristics, quality characteristics, processing technology, and policy regulations have basically achieved consensus throughout the industry: Plant-based food is an important way for the food industry to achieve efficient resource utilization and green low-carbon development; plant-based food could provide high-quality protein, which is beneficial for improving the dietary structure of residents; plant-based food has a clear difference from traditional vegetarian food, and it gives full play to its functional properties; the processing of plant-based food should fully realize the nutritional enrichment, quality enhancement and excellent flavor of the products; and the standardized development of the plant-based food industry needs to be supported by the corresponding policies, regulations and standards. In the future, the development of plant-based food industry should be guided by the trend of diversified market development, taking taste, price and clean label as the main problems, breaking through technological bottlenecks, thinking from multiple perspectives, diversifying the choices, and exploring its potential value to achieve the steady progress of the entire industry.

ObjectivesThe influence of different placements of phase change heat exchangers on the phase change process was investigated, and the simplified mode of multi-tube heat exchangers was further analyzed.MethodsBased on the enthalpy-porosity method, a calculation model for the melting and solidification process of the shell-and-tube paraffin heat exchanger was established, and the phase change process of paraffin outside the single-tube was investigated under horizontal and vertical placements. The effects of single-tube heat exchanger and multi-tube heat exchanger with straight and staggered rows on the melting and solidification process were compared, respectively.ResultsFull melting time of horizontal single-tube heat exchanger is 18% shorter than that of vertical, but the difference of full solidification time between the two is not significant. Unlike the melting process, the solidification process uses heat conduction as the main mode of heat transfer, so it is relatively slow, and the full solidification time is increased by more than 20% compared to the same period of full melting time. The time required for the melting and solidification process of multi-tube heat exchanger is slightly longer than that of the single-tube heat exchanger, but its increase in time is not more than 10%, and its melting and solidification rate curve is basically consistent with that of single-tube. Through further study, it is found that when the volume of paraffin wraps around each tube in the multi-tube heat exchanger and the wrapping method is the same, different arrangement methods of the multi-tube heat exchanger would not affect the melting and solidification process.ConclusionsCompared with the vertical placement, the horizontal placement can effectively enhance the melting rate of paraffin outside the single-tube, and the enhancement effect of the melting process is more obvious than that of the solidification process. In addition, when analyzing the performance of the melting and solidification process of the multi-tube heat exchanger, the single-tube or part of the periodic tube can be used for simplification.

The industrial internet of things (IIoT) has great potential in achieving automation and intelligent production. However, existing networks struggle to meet the low-latency and high-reliability communication requirements in industrial control scenarios. Motivated by this fact, the power allocation problem of superimposed pilot (SP) for downlink short-packet transmission in IIoT was studied and a lower bound for achievable transmission rates with imperfect channel state information and maximum ratio transmission was derived. Furthermore, the downlink weighted sumrate maximization problem was formulated and transformed into a geometric programming problem aiming to optimize pilot and data power allocation via successive convex approximation method. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed power optimization scheme of SP in short-packet transmission.

BackgroundAcute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Gastric contents aspiration is one of the most common causes of ALI/ARDS. To date, there are still no specific and effective pharmacological treatments for ALI/ARDS. Polyvinylalcohol-carbazate (PVAC), a polymer that can bind endogenous aldehydes, neutralize oxidative stress and inhibit inflammatory factors, may be a potential treatment for ALI/ARDS.MethodsA hydrochloric acid (HCl) induced mouse model was employed to assess the effect of PVAC. The changes of lung mechanics, pulmonary edema, histology and immune cells, cytokines, and lipid mediators in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were investigated in HCl-challenged mice.ResultsIn the HCl model, PVAC administration alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness and improved pulmonary edema and damage. In addition, it decreased the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung, and inhibited the increase of IL-6, TNF-α and leukotriene B4.ConclusionThese data indicates that PVAC is a potential candidate for the treatment of ALI/ARDS induced by aspiration of gastric acid or for the control of “asthma-like” symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux.

Abstract Natural photosynthesis enzymes utilize energies of several photons for challenging oxidation of water, whereas artificial photo‐catalysis typically involves only single‐photon excitation. Herein, a multiphoton excitation strategy is reported that combines parallel photo‐excitations with a photoinduced electron transfer process for the activation of C(sp3)─H bonds, including methane. The metal–organic framework Fe3‐MOF is designed to consolidate 4,4′,4″‐nitrilotrisbenzoic units for the photoactivation of dioxygen and trinuclear iron clusters as the HAT precursor for photoactivating alkanes. Under visible light irradiation, the dyes and iron clusters absorbed parallel photons simultaneously to reach their excited states, respectively, generating 1O2 via energy transfer and chlorine radical via ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer. The further excitation of organic dyes leads to the reduction of 1O2 into O2•− through a photoinduced electron transfer, guaranteeing an extra multiphoton oxygen activation manner. The chlorine radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from alkanes, generating the carbon radical for further oxidation transformation. Accordingly, the total oxidation conversion of alkane utilizing three photoexcitation processes combines the energies of more than two photons. This new platform synergistically combines a consecutive excited photoredox organic dye and a HAT catalyst to combine the energies of more than two photons, providing a promising multiphoton catalysis strategy under energy saving, and high efficiency.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been identified as a severe inflammatory disease with significantly increased incidence across the world. The detailed role and mechanism of HOXD10 in UC remain unclear. In present study, we found that HOXD10 was lowly expressed in UC samples and was notably decreased by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration. Overexpression of HOXD10 dramatically ameliorated DSS-induced UC symptoms, including the loss of weight, increased disease activity index values, and the shortened colon length. Additionally, terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling and immunohistochemistry staining assays showed that HOXD10 overexpression suppressed cell apoptosis and facilitated proliferation of colon tissues after DSS treatment. Moreover, HOXD10 overexpression obviously suppressed DSS-triggered inflammatory response by decreasing the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, overexpression of HOXD10 effectively restored the intestinal permeability, thereby alleviating DSS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Mechanistic study demonstrated that HOXD10 significantly reduced the activities of Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis in colon tissues of mice with UC. In conclusion, this study revealed that HOXD10 might effectively improve DSS-induced UC symptoms by suppressing the activation of Rho/ROCK/MMPs pathway.

Abstract Background To report a case of interface fluid syndrome (IFS) following traumatic corneal perforation repair after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Case presentation A 23-year-old woman, with a past history of SMILE, was struck in the left eye with a barbecue prod and subsequently underwent corneal perforation repair at local hospital. Primary wound repaired with a single 10 − 0 nylon suture at the area of leakage. After the surgery, her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/30. Four days later, she presented at our hospital with blurred vision, and interface fluid syndrome (IFS) was diagnosed. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) was used to guide the resuturing of the corneal perforation in the left eye, followed by anterior chamber gas injection. At the first postoperative month, the BCVA was 20/25. The corneal cap adhered closely to the stroma, the surface became smooth. Conclusions This case illustrates that any corneal perforation following lamellar surgery, including SMILE, may lead to IFS. It is crucial to consider the depth of corneal perforation, and intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) plays a unique role in the repair procedure.

Abstract Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells supports the energy and metabolic demands during tumor metastasis. However, the metabolic alterations underlying lymph node metastasis (LNM) of cervical cancer (CCa) have not been well recognized. In the present study, it is found that lymphatic metastatic CCa cells have reduced dependency on glucose and glycolysis but increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) significantly compromises palmitate‐induced cell stemness. Mechanistically, FAO‐derived acetyl‐CoA enhances H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) modification level in the promoter of stemness genes, increasing stemness and nodal metastasis in the lipid‐rich nodal environment. Genetic and pharmacological loss of CPT1A function markedly suppresses the metastatic colonization of CCa cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes. Together, these findings propose an effective method of cancer therapy by targeting FAO in patients with CCa and lymph node metastasis.

Building communication links among multiple users in a scalable and robust way is a key objective in achieving large-scale quantum networks. In a realistic scenario, noise from the coexisting classical light is inevitable and can ultimately disrupt the entanglement. The previous significant fully connected multiuser entanglement distribution experiments are conducted using dark fiber links, and there is no explicit relation between the entanglement degradations induced by classical noise and its error rate. Here, a semiconductor chip with a high figure-of-merit modal overlap is fabricated to directly generate broadband polarization entanglement. The monolithic source maintains the polarization entanglement fidelity of above 96% for 42 nm bandwidth, with a brightness of 1.2 × 107 Hz mW−1. A continuously working quantum entanglement distribution are performed among three users coexisting with classical light. Under finite-key analysis, secure keys are established and images encryption are enabled as well as quantum secret sharing between users. This work paves the way for practical multiparty quantum communication with integrated photonic architecture compatible with real-world fiber optical communication network.

Abstract Background Cervical cancer (CCa) is the fourth most common cancer among females, with high incidence and mortality rates. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators of various biological processes in cancer. However, the biological role of circRNAs in cervical cancer (CCa) remains largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of circMAST1 in CCa. Methods CircRNAs related to CCa progression were identified via a circRNA microarray. The relationship between circMAST1 levels and clinicopathological features of CCa was evaluated using the clinical specimens and data of 131 patients with CCa. In vivo and in vitro experiments, including xenograft animal models, cell proliferation assay, transwell assay, RNA pull-down assay, whole-transcriptome sequencing, RIP assay, and RNA-FISH, were performed to investigate the effects of circMAST1 on the malignant behavior of CCa. Results CircMAST1 was significantly downregulated in CCa tissues, and low expression of CircMAST1 was correlated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, our results demonstrated that circMAST1 inhibited tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of CCa. Mechanistically, circMAST1 competitively sequestered N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) and hindered Yes-associated protein (YAP) mRNA ac4C modification to promote its degradation and inhibit tumor progression in CCa. Conclusions CircMAST1 plays a major suppressive role in the tumor growth and metastasis of CCa. In particular, circMAST1 can serve as a potential biomarker and novel target for CCa.

Objective To investigate the classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of oral lichenoid lesions and provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods Hospital ethical approval and patient informed consent were obtained. We report a case of oral lichenoid lesion in children and review the diagnosis and treatment of oral lichenoid damage in the literature. Results The patient experienced repeated rupture of the dorsal surface of the tongue with pain for more than 3 years. There was a large area of tongue back surface erosion with an irregular shape, surrounded by pearly-white lines. The left erosive area was accompanied by tissue hyperplasia, which was approximately 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm, with tough texture and broad masses. The pathological diagnosis of the patient was oral lichenoid lesion. After biopsy of the dorsal surface of the tongue, the pathological diagnosis of the patient was granulomatous inflammation. The final diagnosis of lichenoid granulomatous stomatitis was made on the basis of the patient's intraoral damage features, systemic history, medication history and histopathological findings. A review of the literature suggests that oral lichenoid lesions have an unknown etiology and need to be clinically differentiated from oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid drug reactions, oral lichenoid contact damage and chronic ulcerative stomatitis. The clinical treatment of oral lichen planus is based on the topical and/or systemic use of glucocorticoids. Conclusion There are still no uniform criteria for the classification and diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions. They rely mainly on history taking, clinical manifestations and histopathological findings, and the treatment is mainly based on the topical and/or systemic use of glucocorticoids.

Feeding intolerance is a common yet serious complication in critically ill patients undergoing enteral nutrition. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the risk factors of feeding intolerance in critically ill patients undergoing enteral nutrition, to provide insights to the clinical enteral nutrition treatment and care.

Objective To evaluate the modified hemilithotomy position in the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation internal fixation. Methods Totally 55 patients undergoing proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA)internal fixation under intraspinal anesthesia were randomly divided into the observation(n=28) group and control group(n=27). Patients in the control group were placed in a routine supine position on the traction table, and those in the observation group were placed in the modified hemilithotomy position on the traction table. The surgical time, X-ray imaging time, degree of comfort with positioning and positioning-related complications were observed and compared between two groups. Results The surgical time and X-ray imaging time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, with a significant difference (P＜0. 01). The score of Operation Position Comfort Questionnaire in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(68. 11±11. 35 vs. 56. 85±11. 01, P＜0. 01). The incidence of positioning-related complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, with a significant difference(P＜0. 05). Conclusion The modified hemilithotomy position with traction technique is a physiological positioning which could improve comfort degree of patient undergoing proximal femoral nail anti-rotation internal fixation, reduce the risk of positioning-related complications, shorten the X-ray imaging time and ensure the success of the surgery. (目的 探讨改良单腿截石位牵引体位在股骨近端抗旋转髓内钉内固定手术中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年10月—2022年8月在医院手术室实施椎管内麻醉下股骨近端抗旋转髓内钉内固定手术的55例患者作为研究对象, 采用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=28)和对照组(n=27)。对照组采用仰卧位结合牵引床的常规牵引位, 观察组采用单腿截石位结合牵引床的改良牵引位。比较两组患者的手术时间、透视时间、术中体位舒适程度以及术后体位相关并发症的发生率。结果 观察组的手术时间、透视时间均短于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01); 观察组手术体位舒适性量表(OPCQ)评分(68. 11±11. 35)分, 高于对照组的(56. 85±11. 01)分, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01); 观察组术后体位相关并发症的发生率低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 对于股骨近端抗旋转髓内钉内固定手术患者而言, 采用单腿截石位结合牵引床的改良手术体位更符合其生理特点, 增加体位舒适度, 减少术后体位相关并发症的发生风险, 缩短无效手术时间和透视时间, 确保手术的顺利进行。)

Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by the mutations of the MYH9 gene encoding the non-muscle mysoin heavy chain ⅡA and leads to abnormal accumulation of myosin in cells. These further causes functional disorders of the blood, eye, ear, kidney, and liver systems. MYH9-RD displays heterogeneous kidney involvement and outcomes, but doctors still lack understandings of the mechanism and treatment strategies, owing to difficulty of conducting renal biopsies. Here, we report a case of MYH9-RD with tail fragments heterozygous mutation, which renal pathology is presented as glomerular minor lesion. Moreover, we reviewed related relevant to strengthen clinical diagnosis and understanding of MYH9-RD.

The morphological development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves is closely related to plant architecture, physiological activities, and resistance. However, it is unclear whether there is a co-regulatory relationship between the morphological development of leaves and adaptation to drought environment. In this study, a drought-sensitive, roll-enhanced, and narrow-leaf mutant (renl1) was induced from a semi-rolled leaf mutant (srl1) by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), which was obtained from Nipponbare (NPB) through EMS. Map-based cloning and functional validation showed that RENL1 encodes a cellulose synthase, allelic to NRL1/OsCLSD4. The RENL1 mutation resulted in reduced vascular bundles, vesicular cells, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents in cell walls, diminishing the water-holding capacity of leaves. In addition, the root system of the renl1 mutant was poorly developed and its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) was decreased, leading to an increase in ROS after drought stress. Meanwhile, genetic results showed that RENL1 and SRL1 synergistically regulated cell wall components. Our results revealed a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of cellulose on rice drought tolerance, and provided a new genetic resource for enhancing the synergistic regulation network of plant type and stress resistance, thereby realizing simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in rice.

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have gained significant attention due to their potential for high-speed and energy-efficient computation in artificial intelligence. The implementation of optical convolutions plays a vital role in ONNs, as they are fundamental operations within neural network architectures. However, state-of-the-art convolution architectures often suffer from redundant inputs, leading to substantial resource waste. Here, we demonstrate an integrated optical convolution architecture that leverages the inherent routing principles of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) to execute the sliding of convolution kernel and summation of results. M × N multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations are facilitated by M + N units within a single clock cycle, thus eliminating the redundancy. In the experiment, we achieved 5 bit precision and 91.9 % accuracy in the handwritten digit recognition task confirming the reliability of our approach. Its redundancy-free architecture, low power consumption, high compute density (8.53 teraOP mm−1 s−1) and scalability make it a valuable contribution to the field of optical neural networks, thereby paving the way for future advancements in high-performance computing and artificial intelligence applications.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of combined detection of nerve F-wave conduction velocity(CV) and fasting C-Peptide (FC-P) level in evaluating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 30 T2DM patients with DPN who were treated at Ma’anshan People's Hospital from September 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the observation group, 30 T2DM patients without DPN were selected as the control group, and 30 healthy volunteers from the same period were recruited as the blank group. The levels of FC-P, 2 h postprandial C peptide (PC-P), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were compared among the three groups. Nerve conduction velocity (including sensory CV, motor CV) and F-wave CV were compared among the three groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of DPN in T2DM patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of various indicators for the occurence of DPN. Results Compared with control group and blank group, the serum levels of FC-P and PC-P were lower, and the levels of FBG, PBG and HbA1c were higher in the observation group (P＜0.05). The serum levels of FC-P and PC-P in the control group were lower than those in the blank group, and the levels of FBG, PBG and HbA1c in the control group were higher than those in the blank group (P＜0.05). Sensory CV, motor CV and F-wave CV were the slowest in the observation group, followed by the control group, and the fastest in the blank group (P＜0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that slow F-wave CV of median nerve and low FC-P level were the risk factors for DPN in diabetic patients. When median nerve F-wave CV (cut-off point was 48.05 m/s) combined with FC-P (cut-off point was 1.61 pmol/L), the area under ROC of DPN in patients with early diagnosis of diabetes was 0.819, the sensitivity was 82.60% and the specificity was 88.40%. Conclusion The combined detection of nerve F-wave CV and FC-P level can improve the predictive value of DPN in T2DM patients, and can be used for the diagnosis of early DPN patients.

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming in malignant cells is a hallmark of cancer that relies on augmented glycolytic metabolism to support their growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the impact of global adipose metabolism on tumor growth and the drug development by targeting adipose metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a therapeutic paradigm of drugs is effective for treating various cancer types by browning adipose tissues. Mirabegron, a clinically available drug for overactive bladders, displays potent anticancer effects in various animal cancer models, including untreatable cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, via the browning of adipose tissues. Genetic deletion of the uncoupling protein 1, a key thermogenic protein in adipose tissues, ablates the anticancer effect. Similarly, the removal of brown adipose tissue, which is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, attenuates the anticancer activity of mirabegron. These findings demonstrate that mirabegron represents a paradigm of anticancer drugs with a distinct mechanism for the effective treatment of multiple cancers.

The magnitude is an important parameter that characterizes the size of earthquakes. However, in paleoearthquake studies, it is difficult to precisely determine the rupture parameters closely related to seismic moment, making it challenging to directly calculate the magnitude of events. Researchers often assume that event sequences consist of characteristic earthquakes with similar magnitudes or use empirical relationships based on known magnitudes of historical earthquakes to estimate magnitudes. However, previous studies have shown that the assumption of characteristic earthquakes is overly simplistic, and magnitude estimation based on empirical relationships is limited by various errors. Therefore, there is a pressing need to explore new methods to improve the reliability of magnitude assessments for ancient earthquake events. In recent years, the successful application of three-dimensional combination trenches has demonstrated that these trenches contain rich deformation information about events, confirming the feasibility of assessing event sizes within trenches. Using the example of the Copper Mine trench on the Altyn Tagh fault, this article utilizes the deformation intensity revealed within the trench, including vertical displacement, deformation zone width, and total tensile strain, to estimate the scale of the event sequence. Data analysis results indicate that the deformation intensity parameters have a certain positive correlation with the relative magnitude, and there is also some correlation among these parameters. Therefore, the information on deformation intensity within the trench can be used to assess the relative magnitude of events, and fully exploring the deformation information within trenches can provide valuable insights and references for the reasonable evaluation of the magnitude of paleoearthquake events. This underscores the importance of considering such information in paleoearthquake research.

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic cleaning treatment on the quality of pork, the water-holding capacity, nutrients, shear force, and flavor compounds of raw pork washed by ultrasonicfor 0–­30 minutes were measured, and the data obtained were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of pork treated by ultrasonic for 30 minutes were the lowest, (8.45 mg/100 g and 0.36 mg/kg, respectively), and the shear force significantly decreased to 33.92 N. The pork treated by ultrasonic for 20 minutes had the lowest pressing loss (17.99%). Ultrasonic cleaning could cause slight loss of trace metal elements, but did not affect the nutritional composition, cooking loss, or pH of pork. Compared with the control group, the relative contents of aldehydes and alcohols in the ultrasonic treated pork significantly decreased, the types and relative contents of hydrocarbon acid ketone esters significantly increased, and the overall flavor was improved. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of electronic nose data showed that there was a correlation between the flavor improvement and the duration of ultrasonic cleaning treatment. PCA results showed that the quality of pork was significantly different before and after ultrasonic cleaning. In summary, appropriate ultrasonic cleaning improved the water-holding capacity and tenderness of pork, and significantly improved its storage quality and flavor, but had little impact on its nutrients.

Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems are easily affected by atmospheric turbulence effects. In order to reduce the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the system under saturated turbulence condition, and considering the requirement of maximum diversity gain under limited Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) in practical engineering, it is necessary to study the diversity performance of the system to obtain the relationship between diversity gain and parameters such as SNR and system link number. This article uses Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology to design a MIMO-FSO system based on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). The performance of the system in a negative exponential distribution channel model is analyzed, and the BER calculation formula and closed form expressions of diversity gain related parameters (such as Diversity Order (DO), Incremental Diversity Order (IDO), and speed of convergence (SOC)) are derived. Simulation experiments are conducted using mathematical software such as Matlab to verify the accuracy of the derived formula through Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results show that MIMO the technology can significantly reduce the BER of FSO systems without increasing the transmission power and receiving aperture area. Moreover, in saturated turbulent channels, when the number of system links increases or the turbulence intensity decreases, the diversity order increases to the theoretical maximum with the SNR at a faster rate. The MIMO technology effectively suppresses the negative impact of atmospheric turbulence on the system and significantly improves system performance. When conditions are satisfied, using more transmitters and receivers can achieve higher diversity gain in the system under limited SNR. However, it is also necessary to consider the deployment cost and installation difficulty in actual engineering to choose the appropriate number of links.

Objective To investigate the readiness for hospital discharge and its influencing factors among patients undergoing initial catheterization for peritoneal dialysis. Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted to 10 patients undergoing initial catheterization for peritoneal dialysis. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi`s method of phenomenological analysis. Results After refining the initial code, extracted codes were grouped into a four-dimensional model: adult attachment, role conflict, low utilization of community resources and lack of critical thinking. Conclusion The readiness for hospital discharge may be affected by various factors among patients undergoing initial catheterization for peritoneal dialysis. Targeted interventions should be carried out based on the needs analysis of patients. (目的 探究初次置管的腹膜透析患者出院准备度的现状及其影响因素。方法 选取10名初次置管的腹膜透析患者进行面对面的半结构化访谈, 访谈资料采用Colaizzi现象学分析方法进行整理分析, 找出代码, 形成类属。结果 腹膜透析初次置管患者出院准备度及其影响因素归纳总结为4个主题: 成人依恋; 角色冲突; 社区资源利用度低; 批判性思维缺失。结论 腹膜透析患者初次置管出院准备度影响因素众多, 应根据患者不同方面的需求, 采取有效干预措施。)

For studying the effect of graphene on the microstructure and properties of laser cladding cobalt-based alloy coatings，mixed alloyed Stellite6 powder and graphene were selected as the cladding material，and the composite coatings with the graphene mass fractions of 0.5%～2.0% was prepared on 00Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic stainless steel under the same process parameters.Results showed that a small amount of graphene was burned out during the laser cladding process，and part of the graphene was retained.When the graphene content reached 1.5%，obvious cracks appeared in the coating surface.With the increase of graphene content，the hardness of the coating reached 720 HV.When the graphene content was 0.5%，the wear loss of the coating decreased from 2.31 mg to 1.96 mg，the wear resistance of the coating increased，and the excessive graphene reduced the wear resistance of coatings.When the graphene content was 0.5%～1.0%，the cavitation corrosion loss was about 1/3 of that of the Stellite6 coating，and the cavitation resistance of the coating was improved.When the graphene content exceeded 1.0%，the cavitation corrosion resistance of the as-obtained coating declined significantly due to crack defects.

Objective To analyze the trend of lung cancer death rate in China from 2006 to 2020 to provide reference for the prevention of lung cancer. Methods The data of Chinese lung cancer deaths from 2006 to 2020 were collected from the health statistical yearbook.The age-period-cohort model and intrinsic estimator algorithm were used to evaluate the age, period, and birth cohort effect of lung cancer deaths. Results The overall lung cancer mortality of Chinese residents showed an upward trend from 2006 to 2020.The age effect of lung cancer death risk increased with age, and the period effect continued to increase with age.The cohort effect showed that the lung cancer death risk of residents born after 1924 showed a downward trend. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of lung cancer in urban and rural residents aged 50 and above and the treatment of high-risk factors of lung cancer must be continuously strengthened.The period effect on lung cancer should be further explored, and the early intervention of young cohort should be given attention.

Underwater Wireless Optical Communications (UWOC) is an emerging high-speed underwater communication technology that has gradually attracted widespread attention in academia and industry due to its advantages of high transmission bandwidth, electromagnetic interference resistance, low power consumption, and small size. Although light has a larger attenuation in underwater transmission than acoustic wave, its transmission distance can still reach hundreds of meters, which is sufficient to meet the requirements for sensor data transmission. However, UWOC technology is still in an early stage of development, with most experiments being conducted only in laboratory water tanks. Therefore, unified performance testing models and methodologies are required due to different testing methods for UWOC. In order to objectively evaluate the performance of a UWOC system, this article attempts to propose the general testing method, model and evaluation indicators for UWOC systems, to promote the development of UWOC technology.

Tropical cyclone (TC) has brought huge losses to coastal areas, whose intensity and size are both important indicators of destruction. The Northwest Pacific is the area with the most TCs generated. Due to the lack of effective observation methods and monitoring information, the TC operational centers of coastal countries or regions have not yet established complete TC outer-core size prediction and testing service. Thus, to select factors that significantly impact TC size changes and improve TC size forecast, statistical analysis is carried out on the climatological characteristics and the lifetime covariation characteristics of intensity and outer-core size (selected as the radius of damaging-force winds, R26) over the Northwest Pacific from July to November during 2004-2020, using the tropical cyclone best track data from JTWC (Joint Typhoon Warning Center) and SHIPS (Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme) reanalysis data. The results show that TC intensity and size peak in October, mainly showing a higher proportion of strong and large-sized TCs with longer lifetime at sea than in other months. Generally, the TC size expands with the increase in intensity and shrinks as the TC weakens. TCs reach the lifetime maximum size (LMS) later than the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), with a mean lag time of 40 hours. Compared to the TC rapid intensification and LMI, the mean meridional positions of TC rapid expansion and LMS are closer to the coastal continent. Initial vortex size of TC affects the size development, especially LMS. Specifically, 58% of small initial vortices maintain the size in the small to medium category, while 71% of vortices with large initial size develop to large vortices in later periods, with 59% intensify to strong TCs (no less than 59 m·s-1) at LMI stage. Compared to small initial vortices, vortices with larger initial sizes tend to attain the greater integrated kinetic energy. The size of the latter stage has a high correlation (no less than 0.45) with the initial R26 for 66 h, indicating that the initial size of TCs can be a key predictor. The peak of size change rate (ΔR26) is located at moderate intensity (25~50 m·s-1) and the peak intensity change rate (ΔVmax) is located at medium and small size (50-100 km). The outer-core size is more likely to expand outward and even leads to rapid expansion under the conditions of stronger upper air divergence, higher relative humidity, larger ocean heat content and moderate vertical shear.

With the continuous progress of society and the development of economy, the packaging design has also become a fierce competition for eye-catching products and because of the situation of more and more fierce competition of similar products, it prompted more and more designers to start a new Examining of their own national traditional ink art, which hope to absorb nutrients from traditional cultural elements, so as to enhance the cultural connotation and unique personality of the product, and this traditional ink art is the emotion with a long history accumulated in the hearts of the public. It has guided the public’s lifestyle and aesthetic trends for a long time. The inheritance and transcendence of traditional ink art has become the only way to explore and develop national characteristic packaging design. Starting from the processing of ink image primitives, this paper analyses the pixel colour segmentation algorithm of ink image, extracts various elements and length and width parameters of ink image for line rendering based on packaging design, and calculates the vectorisation of ink image through bilinear difference algorithm. The latter design parameters are used to highlight the artistic design effect of the ink-wash style packaging.

Objective To investigate the effect of umbilical moxibustion combined with intermittent catheterization in rehabilitation nursing of patients with neurogenic bladder after stroke. Methods A total of 40 patients with neurogenic bladder after stroke were divided into control group and observation group, with 20 patients in each group according to random number table. The control group was given intermittent catheterization, and the observation group was given umbilical moxibustion combined with intermittent catheterization. After 4 weeks of intervention, the clinical efficacy, residual urine volume, bladder volume and urinary tract infection were compared between the two groups. Results The overall effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (95. 00% vs. 75. 00%, P＜0. 05). Lower residual urine volume and higher bladder volume were observed in both two group after intervention, and better outcomes of residual urine volume and higher bladder volume were associated with combined treatment of umbilical moxibustion and intermittent catheterization(P＜0. 01). The incidence of urinary tract infection in observation group was lower than that in control group(5. 00% vs. 25. 00%, P＜0. 05). Conclusion Umbilical moxibustion combined with intermittent catheterization can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and bladder function of patients with neurogenic bladder after stroke, promote patients to urinate autonomously and improve the quality of life. (目的 探讨脐灸联合间歇性导尿在中风后神经源性膀胱患者康复护理中的应用效果。方法 选择40例中风后神经源性膀胱患者, 按随机数字表分为对照组和观察组, 各20例。对照组给予间歇性导尿护理, 观察组在对照组基础上增加脐灸护理。干预4周后比较2组临床疗效、残余尿量及膀胱容量和尿路感染情况。结果 观察组总有效率95. 00%(19/20), 高于对照组的75. 00%(15/20), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。干预后, 两组残余尿量较干预前降低, 膀胱容量较干预前升高, 且观察组改善幅度优于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。观察组尿路感染发生率5. 00%(1/20), 低于对照组的25. 00%(5/20), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 脐灸联合间歇性导尿护理能够有效改善中风后神经源性膀胱患者临床症状及膀胱功能, 促进患者自主排尿, 提高生活质量。)

This paper summarized the nursing of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for a patient with neurogenic bladder. Based on assessment of patient’s recovery needs, the rehabilitation plan generated by a multidisciplinary team was carried out, including exercise training, umbilical moxibustion, acupuncture, intermittent catheterization and home-based extended care. Integrative nursing intervention is potentially effective to improve the reconstruction of the urinary function and reduce the residual urine volumes. (本文总结1例神经源性膀胱患者的中西医结合护理经验。评估患者康复需求, 多学科团队合作制定康复方案, 采用康复锻炼、脐灸、针灸、间歇性导尿、家庭延续护理等的中西医联合干预方法, 加快患者下尿路功能的重建和部分重建, 提高控尿能力、减少残余尿量, 患者成功拔除尿管, 可自控小便。)

Abstract Background Tumors possess incessant growth features, and expansion of their masses demands sufficient oxygen supply by red blood cells (RBCs). In adult mammals, the bone marrow (BM) is the main organ regulating hematopoiesis with dedicated manners. Other than BM, extramedullary hematopoiesis is discovered in various pathophysiological settings. However, whether tumors can contribute to hematopoiesis is completely unknown. Accumulating evidence shows that, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), perivascular localized cells retain progenitor cell properties and can differentiate into other cells. Here, we sought to better understand whether and how perivascular localized pericytes in tumors manipulate hematopoiesis. Methods To test if vascular cells can differentiate into RBCs, genome‐wide expression profiling was performed using mouse‐derived pericytes. Genetic tracing of perivascular localized cells employing NG2‐CreERT2:R26R‐tdTomato mouse strain was used to validate the findings in vivo. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), single‐cell sequencing, and colony formation assays were applied for biological studies. The production of erythroid differentiation‐specific cytokine, erythropoietin (EPO), in TME was checked using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, magnetic‐activated cell sorting and immunohistochemistry. To investigate BM function in tumor erythropoiesis, BM transplantation mouse models were employed. Results Genome‐wide expression profiling showed that in response to platelet‐derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF‐B), neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)+ perivascular localized cells exhibited hematopoietic stem and progenitor‐like features and underwent differentiation towards the erythroid lineage. PDGF‐B simultaneously targeted cancer‐associated fibroblasts to produce high levels of EPO, a crucial hormone that necessitates erythropoiesis. FACS analysis using genetic tracing of NG2+ cells in tumors defined the perivascular localized cell‐derived subpopulation of hematopoietic cells. Single‐cell sequencing and colony formation assays validated the fact that, upon PDGF‐B stimulation, NG2+ cells isolated from tumors acted as erythroblast progenitor cells, which were distinctive from the canonical BM hematopoietic stem cells. Conclusions Our data provide a new concept of hematopoiesis within tumor tissues and novel mechanistic insights into perivascular localized cell‐derived erythroid cells within TME. Targeting tumor hematopoiesis is a novel therapeutic concept for treating various cancers that may have profound impacts on cancer therapy.

The research constructs a computer-aided design-based morphological design system for art products and processes it with a BP neural network and genetic algorithm for optimization. Computer-aided design techniques such as face segmentation, morphological proportion design, homogeneous curve drawing and organization, chamfer setting, and management methods are introduced to design the morphology of art products. By analyzing the error value of each part of the product in the design of sculpture products in this paper’s art product morphology design system, the performance of the product morphology design of this paper’s system is examined. The color characteristics of the art products are deconstructed and analyzed by comparing the hue, brightness, and purity of the designed sculpture samples. The mean square error values of each part of the sculpture product (head, arms, torso, legs) are 0.0046, 0.0019, 0.0073, and 0.0036, respectively, and the overall average mean square error is 0.0044, which makes the art product morphology design model based on computer-aided design of this paper have good accuracy. The values of hue, brightness, and purity of the main color of the sculpture product are relatively stable, with the range of hue being roughly 4~8 and the main range of brightness and purity being 20%~40% and 20%~40%, respectively. The brightness and purity of auxiliary colors and accent colors are both steady, and the purity of auxiliary colors is greater than that of the main color. The accent color has the largest range of hues in the selection of hues.

The continuous progress of the network and big data has brought far-reaching influence and potential opportunities to traditional painting design, and at the same time, it continues to shape the content and form of its artistic style. This paper employs the quantum image enhancement algorithm to transform the traditional painting image into a quantum pure state. Subsequently, it segments each pixel to extract edge information, thereby constructing the traditional painting image state. Next, we employ the quantum image color enhancement algorithm to amplify the color aesthetics of the extracted image state, thereby fostering innovation. Finally, this paper proposes an innovative approach to traditional painting styles using quantum information technology. This paper proposes a quantum image enhancement algorithm that outperforms the classical program in all quality indicators after processing traditional painting images, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for future research. The study found that traditional paintings made with the help of a quantum image enhancement algorithm have a higher quality of art style innovation and artistic value. The study also found that both types of works, plants (4.37 points) and myths (4.50 points), got higher scores on the tests. This paper brings a fresh perspective to the creation of traditional painting art, paving the way for a more intelligent and diverse future for this genre.

With the strong promotion of financial globalization and marketization and the rapid development of financial industry innovation, credit risk management is becoming an important work that banks need to pay more and more attention to. This paper focuses on the construction of the bank credit risk model to carry out research. First of all, according to the credit characteristics selection method, the optimal indicators are combined with the indicators for the correlation test of variables. On this basis, the sample data is calculated using the up-sampling method of SMOTE to complete the algorithm and sampling. After obtaining the data, data preprocessing is carried out using the MinMaxScaler scaler method, and the processed data is inputted into the improved momentum BP neural network to complete the credit risk assessment. Profiling with risk feature data, it is obtained that each feature is not a separate individual from the other. They are interdependent and connected and have obvious correlations. For example, there are 47 features in the dataset with sample missing ratios greater than 0.97, which is too high and indicates an invalid feature. The results of the study show that SMOTE’s up-sampling method and Momentum BP algorithm can quickly utilize big data to provide a more accurate decision basis for bank credit risk assessment.

Objective: Reasonable planning of the stacking of goods in the mobile cold storage and reasonable design of the air supply power of the fan, to reduce cold storage energy consumption and improve economic efficiency. Methods: A three-dimensional physical model and k-ε mathematical model of a certain cold storage were established, and the temperature field inside the cold storage under different stacking methods of goods and different air supply power were simulated using Fluent software. Results: The research results showed that under the same working conditions, the average storage temperature of goods horizontally was 2.014 ℃, and the average storage temperature of goods vertically was 2.006 ℃, all meet the design requirements. The goods can be stacked horizontally to accommodate 162 and vertically to accommodate 180. Vertical stacking maximizes space utilization. At different airflow powers, after running for 15 minutes, the average cold storage temperature was 2.006 ℃ at 100% power; The average cold storage temperature was 2.129 ℃ at 70% power; The average cold storage temperature was 2.410 ℃ at 50% power. The cold storage temperature met the design requirements for all three different fan power scenarios. The actual selected power was too high, and 50% power was sufficient to meet the design requirements for full-load operation of the cold storage. Conclusion: Choosing the vertical stacking method can improve the space utilization rate of cold storage. According to the simulation results, the selection of cooler type can reduce the energy consumption, reduce the operating cost and improve the economic benefit.

In recent years, macroeconomic policies have been characterized by significant uncertainty. This context of uncertainty has made it imperative to explore strategies that enterprises can adopt to pursue high-quality development. This paper specifically investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty on science and technology enterprises. We categorize the productive activities of these enterprises into two types: technology-oriented and market-oriented. The paper further preprocesses the samples based on these categories. For analytical purposes, we employ the Cobb-Douglas production function to assess the level of enterprise development. A fixed-effects regression model is utilized, incorporating both control variables and mediating variables. Our baseline regression analysis reveals that the fintech coefficient for science and technology enterprises stands at 0.0721 without control variables and 0.0775 with them, demonstrating significance at the 1% level. These results suggest a positive correlation between economic policy uncertainty and the technology innovation activities of enterprises. Moreover, our findings indicate that economic uncertainty exerts a moderating effect on enterprise innovation. Specifically, the regression coefficients of economic uncertainty are −0.301, −4.687, and −3.154, while the industry characteristics regression coefficient is positive and significant at the 1% level. This pattern indicates that economic uncertainty significantly inhibits R&D investment in high-tech enterprises, adversely affecting their high-quality development.

In light of the growing emphasis on “logistics integration,” this paper contends that the logistics network system requires comprehensive integration and optimization. We propose the use of the Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithm to enhance the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The penalty function method is employed to direct the BFO algorithm in identifying the optimal vehicle path encoding and to improve the convergence operations for logistics distribution. This study analyzes the fundamental characteristic elements of the VRP, introduces a basic model for the VRP, and develops a logistics distribution path optimization model that minimizes the total cost by thoroughly considering the expenses associated with cold chain low-carbon logistics distribution. A simulation environment is established, and algorithm parameters are set to determine the optimal solutions for both the BFO and the Improved BFO (IBFO) algorithms in the test function. An example is selected for practical application, wherein the design of the distribution center and points is carried out, and the colony intelligence optimization algorithm is applied to simulate the logistics and distribution paths. Combined with the specific case of cold chain distribution of food, the optimization of the cold chain logistics distribution path is solved. In the case study, when the carbon penalty coefficient is ε = 15, the optimal logistics and distribution site selection program is Guangxi and Guizhou, and the total cost of the supply chain is 16,363,365.92 yuan. At this time, the supply chain cost is optimal. Compared with the carbon penalty coefficient ε = 20, the economic cost increased by 70152.24 yuan, but the carbon emission decreased by 1890.9 kg. The optimization of logistics and distribution processes encourages enterprises to develop strategies that promote low carbon and environmental protection and achieve better economic and ecological outcomes.

In this paper, on the basis of the Unity3D engine, image feature points are coarsely extracted, and a quadtree-based division algorithm is applied to filter the optimal FAST corner points. The fast 3D reconstruction technique is constructed through the construction method of nonlinear scale space similar to scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), which is layer incremented according to the scale level logarithmic layer. The reconstructed 3D virtual teaching laboratory tool is obtained by importing the matched feature points into the model after the diffusion is completed. Finally, the teaching process and teacher-student behavioral data analysis were conducted for TCM and acupuncture students using the medical aromatherapy experimental course “Clinical Experiment of Aromatherapy for Primary Dysmenorrhea” as the teaching objective. The results showed that the maximum value of iFIAS of the experimental group was 100, and the mean value was 79.35, while the maximum value of technical iFIAS of the control group was only 51.32, and the mean value was 21.34, which was a significant difference between the two. It shows that the teaching method improves classroom learning interest and effect. The purpose of this paper is to provide relevant opinions and references for the future development direction of the combination of aromatherapy teaching and 3D virtual reality.

A novel peptide (VSAAAA) was obtained after the isolation, purification, and identification of millet gliadin. In order to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of peptide VSAAAA in vivo, the peptide VSAAAA was administered in the first three weeks, and ulcerative colitis was induced in mice with DSS aqueous solution in the last week. Results showed that the disease activity index and histopathological changes in the colon were significantly reduced after VSAAAAA intervention. The expression levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines in mice were significantly reduced. In addition, VSAAAA gavage significantly alleviated decrease in the expression levels of the intestinal nexus proteins ZO-1 and occludin and increase in the expression levels of p65 and p-p65 proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, the intestinal flora composition of colitis mice was regulated by decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Firmicutes) and increasing the relative abundant of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroides).

The changes of yeast count, ethanol, reducing sugar, pH, titratable acidity and total phenols as well as antioxidant properties such as hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and reducing power during Suaeda salsa fermentation by yeast were studied. The SGompertz, DoseResp, Logistic and Boltzmann models were used to investigate the fermentation kinetics. Meanwhile, a comprehensive evaluation index (CEI) system of S. salsa fermentation was developed by correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The growth kinetic model of yeast was established using the DoseResp and Boltzmann equations, the kinetic model of ethanol production was established using the SGompertz equation, and the kinetic model of reducing sugar consumption was established using the Logistic equation. The fitting coefficients (R2) of these models were 0.977, 0.995 and 0.982, respectively, indicating excellent goodness of fit. CA showed that total phenols and organic acid were the major contributors to the antioxidant capacity of fermented S. salsa. PCA showed that the CEI value increased first, then leveled off, and finally decreased. The fermentation endpoint was on the eighth day in overall consideration. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the precision preparation of fermented S. salsa.

The activation of the monocyte-macrophage system and the damage to the renal and pancreatic tissue are common complications in patients with diabetes induced by hyper-glycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanism of butyrate (NaB), a metabolite of intestinal flora, on inhibiting the inflammatory response of human monocyte-macrophages (THP-1 cells) induced by high glucose and the damage of pancreatic and renal tissue in diabetic mice. The results showed that high concentration glucose significantly up-regulated the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NLRP3 in THP-1 cells and mouse spleen, and that NaB could inhibit the overexpression of those genes. The abundance of Beclin-1, LC3B and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in THP-1 cells is increased due to the high glucose concentration, and NaB can inhibit the genes responsible for upregulating the expression. In diabetic mice, vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules was observed. Then we observed that some of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules were exfoliated and some formed tubules. NaB could alleviate these pathological lesions, but NaB cannot alleviate pancreatic injury. Our results indicated that NaB could be used for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of diabetic kidney injury.

In this paper, a turbulent wavefront measurement model based on the Hartmann system structure is proposed. The maximum recognizable mode number of different lens units is discussed, and the influence of different lens array arrangements on the accuracy of turbulent wavefront reconstruction is analyzed. The results indicate that the increase in the aberration order of the turbulent wavefront has a certain influence on the reconstruction ability of the system. Different lens arrangements and number of lens units will lead to the effective reconstruction of different final mode orders. When using a 5 × 5 lens array arrangement and a hexagonal arrangement of 19 lenses, the maximum order of turbulent wavefront aberrations allowing for effective reconstruction was 25. When the sparse arrangement of 25 lenses or the sparse arrangement of 31 lenses was used, the maximum order allowing for effective reconstruction was 36. If the aberration composition of the turbulent wavefront contained higher-order aberrations, the system could not accurately measure the turbulent wavefront. When the order of the aberrations of the turbulent wavefront was low, the turbulent wavefront could be measured by the lens arrangement with fewer lens units, and the wavefront reconstruction accuracy was close to the measurement results obtained when more lens units were used.

The sustainable extraction of saponins was investigated using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction. A novel NADES (butyric acid-urea) that was responsive to ionic strength was designed and used as the extractant. Ultrasound treatment and a catalyst ferric chloride with plant cell wall breaking function were applied to improve the extraction efficiency. Since the solubility of the NADES varied significantly with ionic strength, 95% of NADES was readily separated from the water phase after the addition of sodium chloride, while saponins remained in the water phase for easy collection. The reuse capacity of NADES, the eco-friendliness of the extraction method, and the antioxidant activity of the extract were further evaluated. NADES was continuously recovered and used to extract Polygonatum sibiricum powder: the yield of saponins did not decrease after five cycles of recovery and re-extraction. The penalty point on the “Eco-scale” suggested that the extraction method was “green” (i.e. eco-friendly). Compared with ethanol extracts, the NADES extracts showed a higher saponin concentration and antioxidant activity. The study can contribute to the sustainable and green extraction of hydrophilic active substances in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Objective： This study aimed to provide a basis for the post-harvest storage and preservation of fresh shoots from bamboo (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis). Methods: Fresh bamboo shoots were fumigated with 500 μL/L anhydrous ethanol and 0.1 mmol/L MeJA, and distilled water was used as blank control (CK) to determine the storage period, i. e. temperature (1.0±0.3) ℃ and relative humidity (90±5)%. The respiratory intensity, hardness, browning index, soluble protein, and activity of PAL, POD, PPO and APX were detected. The quality differences of fresh bamboo shoots during storage were analyzed using principal component analysis. Results: Combined fumigation treatment can reduce the increase of hardness and browning index of fresh bamboo shoots during storage, maintain the contents of total flavonoids and soluble protein, induce the changes of APX, POD, PAL and PPO enzyme activities, and delay lignification and browning. As stored for 60 days, the principal component analysis of combined fumigation was higher than that of other treatments. Conclusion: Compound fumigation can better maintain the quality of bamboo shoots during storage.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reproductive toxicity of water extract of flower of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.MethodsAccording to the reproductive toxicity evaluation from National Standard of the People’s Republic of China ‘Reproductive Toxicity Study’（GB 15193.15—2015）， 240 nine-week-old SD rats （120 male and 120 female） were randomly grouped by body weight at a dose of 0.0， 2.5， 5.0 and 15.0 g/kg∙BW， respectively. SD rats were administrated by gavage. The detection included the body weight and and ingestion variations from 1st to10th week， reproductive organ weights and coefficients of F0 rats； the sperm parameters of F0 male rats， and estrous cycles， fertility index （conception and pregnancy rate）， teratogenicity index （uterus weight， implantation number， corpus luteum number， living embryo number， resorption embryo number/rate and dead embryo number/rate） of F0 female rats； the survival rate and body weight variation during lactation period， anogenital distance， average litter size， sex ratio of F1 rats； the puberty onset （testis descending， foreskin separation， vaginal opening）， body weight variation， reproductive organ weights and coefficients， and sperm parameters of F1 rats； the pathological examination on harvested organs of F0 and F1 rats including testis， epididymis， uterus and ovaries.ResultsCompared with control group， no significant difference in reproductive toxicity to F0 and F1 rats was observed in three dose groups （P>0.05）. And no significant change was observed via histopathological examination.ConclusionIn this reproductive test， the no observed adverse effect level （NOAEL） of water extract of the flower of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.is 15.0 g/kg∙BW.

Abstract Aims Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is the aetiology of heart failure (HF) with few specific treatments. The improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a critical predictor for the prognosis of AVMC. LCZ696 is a drug used in HF to improve LVEF, with a few research on AVMC. In this research, we evaluated the effects and mechanism of LCZ696 in improving LVEF in AVMC. Methods Eighty 4‐week‐old male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of 20: Sham; Sham + LCZ696 (60 mg/kg/d); AVMC; AVMC + LCZ696. The above experiments were repeated by CVB3‐infected HL‐1 and Mdivi‐1 to down‐regulated dynamin‐related protein 1(Drp1). Adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9) with enhanced green fluorescent proteins (GFP) was injected to produce Drp1‐overexpression mice and set up four groups: AVMC group, AVMC + AAV group, AVMC + LCZ696 group, and AVMC + LCZ696 + AAV group (n = 20 in each group). LVEF was evaluated by echocardiography at a similar heart rate (HR) at d7, Drp1 (p‐Drp1), inflammation and apoptosis by histology and Western blot (WB), and mitochondrial by electron microscopy. Results Cardiac function were injured in AVMC that LCZ696 reversed (LVEF, %: Sham: 68.99 ± 9.67; Sham + LCZ696: 71.96 ± 6.20; AVMC: 30.95 ± 6.40*; AVMC + LCZ696: 68.99 ± 9.67*#, *P

Objective To explore the expressions of fatty acid degradation related genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and their prognostic significance. Methods The genes involved in fatty acid degradation and their related metabolites in the ccRCC datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) were analyzed by bioinformatic tools. Clinical data of renal carcinoma patients admitted to our hospital from 2007 to 2016 were collected. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blotting were performed to detect the levels of CPT1A and CPT2, key genes of fatty acid degradation. The tissue chips of ccRCC were prepared (n=103), and IHC scores of CPT1A and CPT2 were used to estimate the relationship between their expression and prognosis of patients. Subsequently, the prognostic models were constructed and preliminarily evaluated. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CPT1A and CPT2 were key genes involved in palmitylcarnitine metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and renal carcinoma progression. The results of tissue microarray and TCGA cohort showed that ①The expression levels of both CPT1A and CPT2 in ccRCC were lower than those in normal renal tissues (P < 0.05); ②IHC scores indicated that the expression levels of CPT1A and CPT2 were negatively correlated with pathological grade (r=-0.243, P=0.013; r=-0.391, P < 0.01) as well as with TNM stage(r=-0.363, P < 0.01; r=-0.430, P < 0.01); ③Reduced levels of CPT1A and CPT2 were associated with declined disease-free survival (P < 0.01). Moreover, Cox regression analysis showed that CPT2 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients (P < 0.01). Finally, TNM-CPT1A and TNM-CPT2 models significantly improved the ability of TNM stage alone to predict ccRCC prognosis. Conclusion Compared with patients with high expression, low expression of CPT1A and CPT2 predicted poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC.

Dynamic monitoring and quantitative estimation of forage crop growth are of great importance to the large-scale production of forage crop. UAV remote sensing has the advantages of high resolution, strong flexibility and low cost. In recent years, it has developed rapidly in the field of forage crop growth monitoring. In order to clarify the development status of forage crop growth monitoring and find the development direction, first, methods of UAV crop remote sensing monitoring were briefly described from two aspects of data acquisition and processing. Second, three key technologies of forage crop including canopy information extraction, spectral feature optimization and forage biomass estimation were described. Then the development trend of related research in recent years was analyzed, and it was pointed out that the number of papers published on UAV remote sensing forage crop monitoring showed an overall trend of rapidly increasing. With the rapid development of computer information technology and remote sensing technology, the application potential of UAV in the field of forage crop monitoring has been fully explored. Then, the research progress of UAV remote sensing in forage crop growth monitoring was described in five parts according to sensor types, i.e., visible, multispectral, hyperspectral, thermal infrared and LiDAR, and the research of each type of sensor were summarized and reviewed, pointing out that the current researches of hyperspectral, thermal infrared and LiDAR sensors in forage crop monitoring were less than that of visible and multispectral sensors. Finally, the future development directions were clarified according to the key technical problems that have not been solved in the research and application of UAV remote sensing forage crop growth monitoring: (1) Build a multi-temporal growth monitoring model based on the characteristics of different growth stages and different growth years of forage crops, carry out UAV remote sensing monitoring of forage crops around representative research areas to further improve the scope of application of the model. (2) Establish a multi-source database of UAV remote sensing, and carry out integrated collaborative monitoring combined with satellite remote sensing data, historical yield, soil conductivity and other data. (3) Develop an intelligent and user-friendly UAV remote sensing data analysis system, and shorten the data processing time through 5G communication network and edge computing devices. This paper could provide relevant technical references and directional guidelines for researchers in the field of forage crops and further promote the application and development of precision agriculture technology.