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Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Black human hair covered with thick scales, tests show that scales is protection to hair and also the main cause to hinder bleaching. Plasma technology is carried out before bleaching of black human hair. Whiteness, tensile strength, handle and lusterness are evaluated, and then the reasonable pretreatment is found for bleaching of black human hair. The results show that plasma pretreatment can cause morphological change in the surface of black human hair, the whiteness has a certain degree of contribution, but no improvement in handing and gloss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of micro-suspended system in bleaching process of natural pigmented animal fiber was introduced. It compared with the whiteness, strength, solubility in alkali and subsequent dyeing porperty of the bleaching fiber by traditional process and micro-suspended bleaching process respectively. The research results showed that the micro-suspended bleaching technology can protect fiber from damage, improve the whiteness and quality of the textile, more conductive to improve the spinnability and follow-up use propertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the thermal treatment and the role of various chemical reagents in the bleaching process, the cashmere fiber's strength is decreased, the spinning property and rate of successful waving is weakened and the good quality characteristics, such as good elasticity, smooth waxy feel, warmth, can not be maintained. The detergent treatment process and conventional bleaching process are separately used to deal with the cashmere fibers, the whiteness and strength of the treated fibers are compared and then the optimal process conditions of each process are determined. The results show that under the premise of treated fiber' s whiteness and strength, the detergent treatment process is simple, the processing time is short and the type and usage of additives is fewer than conventional bleaching process, thereby reducing the damage of fiber, ensuring the treated fiber's good quality, which is good for the follow - up processing of cashmere products and can also saving energy and reducing costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This topic uses the Lanasol CE series reactive dyes, the low temperature dyeing assisants which are added in the dyeing process enables the dye to be absorbed by the textile fiber evenly in the low temperature, guarantees the dyes' up-take evenly. The influence of the low temperature dyeing assisants to the Lanasol CE series reactive dyes' low temperature dyeing is explored. By comparing the up-take rate and the dyeing properties of dyed samples between the low temperature dyeing process and traditional dyeing process, the apparent depth of samples dyed by the low temperature dyeing process is in line with the samples dyed by the traditional dyeing process, the fiber' s solubility in alkali is better than conventional dyeing sample. The low temperature dyeing process can lower the dyeing temperature, reduce the wool' s damage, save the energy and reduce the energy consumption in the meantime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimum pretreatment approach are discussed, then the properties of pre-treated fibers are tested, including whiteness, wetting absorbent and so on. The experimental results show that the fluffy is strengthened to a certain extent, while maintaining the whiteness of the fiber, the wetting effect of water absorption, etc are maintained. The production of experimental test shows that the spinnability of the the micro-suspension scattered cotton fibers are improved excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project is based on mordant dyes . On the basis of the existed Cr6+ mordant which has some chromium pollution in wool chrome dyeing, a new type of Cr3+ mordant accelerator called WSB has been implied to wool fabrics. In order to modify the colours and the fastness properties ,usually very small quantities of hexavalent chromium should be added to the chroming baths and it can be almost totally reduced to its trivalent state by the reducing risidues on wool. This experimental study process, which is dyeing wool fabrics in a Cr3+ mordant accelerator dyeing system, was investigated. The comparison of the dyeing chromed using the Cr3+ complex with the standard dichromate dyeing was made and the use level for the former was optimized, and chose the best method. The results indicated that the residual chromium (in its both hexavalent and trivalent states) contents reduced in the Cr3+ mordant accelerator dyeing ,the damage of fiber by new method was lower than traditional ones. Additionally, the new method can obtain the satisfactory dyeing results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The miro-suspended dyeing technique was employed to the fine-drawn wool fiber dyeing with Lanasol dye. The comparison of the micro-suspended dyeing with the traditional dyeing was made concerning fine-drawn wool fiber dyeing properties and damage degree. In the micro-suspended dyeing system, dyeing time was reduced by 40%. The fiber dyed by micro-suspended technique featured less damage, improved handle, similar color fastness to that of traditional dyed sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve actual problem in kapok fabric production, special characteristics of kapok fiber and cotton fiber were studied for sizing, including water repellent and oil absorption based on carboxaldehyde radicals of kapok fiber. Solution and similitude theory was adapted to select out three sizes such as partially alcoholized PVA 1299, oxidized corn starch and polyacrylic acid. L9(34)orthogonal experiment method was adapted on three measures involved of solid content, proportion of PVA and core starch, temperature in sizing box. Then three indicators of strength enhancement rate, decrease rate of hairiness and number of abrasive resistance were tested. Finally, change rules from each measure to levels and optimal sizing process were given. The sizing process is as solid content was 9%, ratio of PVA, oxidized corn starch and polyacrylic acid is 1.5: 1: 0.04, best temperature in sizing box is 95°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text, the lanasol CE reactive dye was opted to the colloid mixing dyeing process of OPTIM. The colloid mixing auxiliary was added into the dyeing system to prepare for the low tempareture dyeing process of OPTIM by changing the interaction mode among dyestuff, auxiliary and fiber. It was found that, through the colloid mixing dyeing process, the dyestuff could absorb onto the surface immediately under the low temperature range, and the auxiliary PB could impart OPTIM a fluffier feel and a better rubbing fastness. The products' properties were compared between the colloid dyeing process under the optimised formula that it was 1. 0% ( owf) WR, 0. 12% ( owf) A, 0. 5% ( owf) PB and 2. 5% ( owf) HAc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use the agent of pilling resistance XQ for cashmere fabric finishing, the process conditions are as follow:XQ 4% (owf), bath ratio 20 :1 pH 6∼7,50°C, 30min. The result shows that compared with the initial fabric, after the finishing, the softness of the fabric improve 2 level, the pilling resistance of the cashmere fabric improve 2 level and have the excellent washability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfonamides (SAs) are the first broad-spectrum synthetic antimicrobial agents used in human health and veterinary medicine. The majority of SAs entering human body is discharged into aquatic environment in the form of parent material or metabolites. The residues of SAs and their metabolites in the aquatic environment and the development of drug resistance can be serious threats to ecosystems and human health. We summarized recent advances in the research of SAs. The main metabolite types of SAs and the distribution characteristics of metabolites in different aquatic environments were introduced. The ecotoxicology of SAs metabolites, especially the distribution and hazards of sulfonamide resistance genes ( sul -ARGs), were discussed with emphasis. Finally, the future research works were proposed. This paper could provide basic information for further research on SAs.

As a typical semi-closed bay, Jiaozhou Bay, is remarkably affected by human activities. Biogenic elements transported into the oceans by the atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic particles can lead to profound impacts on the ecosystem of Jiaozhou Bay. In this paper, the researches of atmospheric dry and wet depositions in the Jiaozhou Bay were systematically summarized from the following three aspects: study methods, variation characteristics of the fluxes and their influencing factors and the ecological effects of atmospheric deposition. The concentrations and fluxes of nitrogen species in atmospheric dry and wet depositions were very high in the Jiaozhou Bay compared with other bays, estuaries and marginal seas around the world. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was the main component of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) accounted for 22%-31% of TDN. However, the concentrations and fluxes of phosphate and silicate species were very low. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of (NO 3 - -N+NO 2 - -N) were slightly higher than terrestrial inputs, while the fluxes of NH 4 + -N, PO 4 3- -P and SiO 3 2- -Si were very low compared with terrestrial inputs. The concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) in the air, the intensity of the emission sources, precipitation amount and meteorological conditions are the major factors influencing the atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements, which can increase the primary productivity, change the structure of nutrients and the structure of phytoplankton communities in surface seawater and further promote the succession of phytoplankton dominant species from diatom to dinoflagellate in the Jiaozhou Bay. On that basis, the future research should be focused on constructing the monitoring network for atmospheric dry and wet depositions, accurately quantifying the deposition rates of aerosol particles of different forms and sizes, recognizing the ecological effects and biogeochemical mechanisms of atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements and discriminating the mechanisms, fluxes and influencing factors of atmospheric deposition biogenic elements via indirect approaches such as overland runoff, sheetflood and permeation etc. It is significant for illuminating the effects of anthropogenic activities on the coastal waters as well as understanding the bio-geochemical processes of biogenic elements in marginal seas by elucidating atmospheric depositions of biogenic elements in the Jiaozhou Bay.

Based on the data from the cruise carried out in August 2012 in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters, spatial distributions of particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN) and their relationships with environmental factors were studied, and the source of POC and the contribution of phytoplankton to POC were analyzed combined with n (C)/n (N) ratio and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in the Yangtze River Estuary in summer 2012. The results showed that the concentrations of POC in the Yangtze River Estuary ranged from 0.68 mg x L(-1) to 34.80 mg x L(-1) in summer and the average content was 3.74 mg x L(-1), and PN contents varied between 0.03 mg x L(-1) and 9.13 mg x L(-1) with an average value of 0.57 mg x L(-1). Both of them presented that the concentrations in bottom layers were higher than those in the surface. POC and PN as well as total suspended matter (TSM) showed a extremel similar horizontal distribution trend that the highest values appeared in the near of the mouth and southwest of the survey waters, and decreased rapidly as toward the open seas, both of them showed higher contents in coastal zones and lower in outer sea. There was a fairly good positive linear relationship between POC and PN, which indicated that they had the same source. POC and PN expressed significantly positive correlations with TSM and chemical oxygen demand (COD), but showed relatively weak correlations with salinit and chlorophyll a, which demonstrated that terrestrial inputs had a strong influence on the distribution of POC and PN, and phytoplankton production was not the major source of organic matters in the Yangtze River Estuary. Both the n (C)/n (N) ratio and POC/Chl a analysis showed that the main source of POC was terrestrial inputs, and organic debris was the main existence form of POC. Quantitative analysis showed the biomass of phytoplankton only made an average of 2.54% contribution to POC in the Yangtze Rive Estuary in summer and non-living POC occupied the overwhelming advantage.