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Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) latex is a natural latex produced from its root, and its extraction optimization process is mainly studied in the present paper. The composition of fresh roots of TKS was quantitatively analyzed, and the results showed that the moisture content of the fresh root was approximately 70 %, and the rubber content averaged to 6 % (dry weight ratio). An optimal process route for extracting the TKS latex was finally determined, making the extraction efficiency reach about 80 %, and a new latex extraction process was established and optimized and named “the process of Buffer Extraction TKS Latex (BETL)”. Hevea latex, extracted TKS latex and TKS latex collected directly from the broken roots were compared for study. The results showed that, like Hevea latex, the appearance of TKS latex was milky white; and after centrifugation, both showed four layers from top to bottom: rubber particles, Frey-Wyssling particles, C-serum and lutoids. The results of the composition analysis showed that the concentration of TKS latex ranged from 54.54 % to 68.25 %, which is close to that of concentrated Hevea latex; the moisture content of TKS latex was between 31.75 % and 45.46 %. The protein content of TKS latex was 13.51 mg/mL, which was lower than that of Hevea latex at the same rubber hydrocarbon concentration. The molecular structures and properties of Hevea latex, the extracted TKS latex, and the collected TKS latex were characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, GPC, TG, SEM and LPSA, and the results showed that the main components and structure of the three latexes were similar, which are all cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and include the proteins and lipids. The distributions molecular weights of the three latexes all showed a bimodal distribution, but the molecular weight of the latex collected from TKS was lower, which indicates the larger molecules were difficult to flow outside the root automatically. The Hevea latex and TKS latex rubber particles were both core-shell structure and the size distribution were bimodal, which was consistent with the GPC analysis results.

National cultural park is an innovative initiative for the protection and development of natural and cultural heritage resources in the new era, reflecting the core strategy of cultural heritage protection and development of representative cultural resources. It is not only an important carrier for the protection of natural and cultural heritage, but also a new model for promoting the development of cultural industry. Based on their own national conditions and experiences, countries have developed distinctive national park management models, including the native recreation value orientation of the United States, the sustainable club economy of Europe, the public supremacy of private ownership of land in the United Kingdom, and the synergistic community-neighborhood development of developing countries in Asia and Africa. In view of the heritage resources brought by the Beijing Winter Olympics, this study explores the idea of ice and snow tourism routes centered on Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, and proposes the principles of sustainable development, mutual benefit and symbiosis, and public supremacy, which is committed to constructing a development model integrating culture, tourism and ecology.

Abstract Background Liposuction is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic procedures. Toxic shock syndrome(TSS) is a rare, life-threatening complication. The incidence rate of TSS is very low in the plastic surgery field, especially after liposuction and fat transfer. Case presentation A 23-year-old female patient was transferred to our emergency department from an aesthetic clinic with sepsis shock features after received liposuction and fat transfer. The patient underwent TSS, disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG), and necrotizing soft tissue infection of the buttocks in the next 10 days. Authors used a series of debridement and reconstructive surgery including vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) treatment, artificial dermis grafts,split-thickness skin grafts, amputation surgeries when her vital signs were stable. The patient experienced desquamation of the hand on the 26th day. The skin grafts survived and the function of both fingers and toes recovered. She was discharged 2 months after admission and was in good health. Conclusion TSS is extremely rare in the field of liposuction and autologous fat transfer. The mortality rate of TSS is very high. Early diagnosis and operative treatment, as well as correction of systemic abnormalities, are the important keys to save a patient's life.

Introduction: Urethral lengthening in phalloplasty could bring many postoperative complications, such as urethra fistula and stricture, which greatly affects the patient's mental health and quality of life. Aim: To describe a novel technique of vaginal mucosal graft for prelamination urethra (VMGPU) combined with modified urethral anastomosis (MUA) for the reconstruction of a neourethra. Methods: A retrospective study of transgender men between January 2006 and March 2021 was conducted. Patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical methods : traditional group（TG，VMGPU group（VG） and VMGPU+MUA group (VMG). Main Outcome Measure: The main outcomes measures were demographics, surgical characteristics, complications, International Prostate Symptom Score（IPSS，Quality of Life（QOL） score，and voiding frequency conditions. Results: Of 80 eligible transgender men（TG:n = 39，VG:n = 31, VMG:n = 10), the urethral fistula developed in 19/39 (49%) patients in TG, 8/31 (26%) in VG, and 1/10 (10%) in VMG (P = 0.034). The urethral stricture formed in 15/39 (38%) patients in TG, 4/31 (13%) in VG, and 1/10 (10%) in VMG (P = 0.028). Compared with TG, the VG got more favorable IPSS. The QOL scores showed that patients in VG or VMG were more satisfied with their postoperative status. Clinical Implications: VMGPU combined with MUA may help reduce urethral complications for transgender men who wish to undergo phalloplasty with urethral lengthening. Strength & Limitations: VMGPU combined with MUA focuses on reducing the urethra-related complications in the anastomotic stoma between the fixed and the penile urethra, which has not been noticed in the past. The limitations of this study are that the retrospective study design is prone to bias; the study using VMGPU+MUA technique is only in the preliminary stage, and more cases are needed to prove its effectiveness; the median follow-up in VMG was only 2 years, and longer-term follow-up results are inconclusive; the IPSS, QOL, and the voiding frequency chart were not validated in transgender men. Conclusion: Our pilot study suggests that VMGPU combined with MUA may reduce the urethra-related complications, especially the urethral fistula in the anastomosis stoma between the fixed and the penile urethra.Gao H, Wu D, Kong X, et al. A Novel Technique of Urethroplasty Could Reduce Urethra-Related Complications in Phalloplasty With Urethral Lengthening. Sex Med 2022;10:100571.

Objective: To determine whether temporary anchorage devices (TADs) could enhance the mandibular effects of Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices (FFRD) in growing patients presenting with a Class II malocclusion.

Long non-coding RNA forkhead box D2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1 (FOXD2-AS1) has emerged as a potential oncogene in several tumors. However, its biological function and potential regulatory mechanism in glioma have not been fully investigated to date. In the present study, RT-qPCR was conducted to detect the levels of FOXD2-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-506-5p, and western blot assays were performed to measure the expression of CDK2, cyclinE1, P21, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)7, MMP9, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and vimentin in glioma cells. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the direct targeting of miR-506-5p by FOXD2-AS1. Subsequently, cell viability was analyzed using the CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that FOXD2-AS1 was significantly overexpressed in glioma cells, particularly in U251 cells. Knockdown of FOXD2-AS1 in glioma cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and regulated the expression of CDK2, cyclinE1, P21, MMP7 and MMP9. Next, a possible mechanism for these results was explored, and it was observed that FOXD2-AS1 binds to and negatively regulates miR-506-5p, which is known to be a tumor-suppressor gene in certain human cancer types. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-506-5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, and these effects could be reversed by transfecting FOXD2-AS1 into the cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that FOXD2-AS1 contributed to glioma proliferation, metastasis and EMT via competitively binding to miR-506-5p. FOXD2-AS1 may be a promising target for therapy in patients with glioma.

Abstract Background Human respiratory system infected with influenza A virus (IAV) elicited a robust pro-inflammatory response that resulted in severe illness and even death. Currently, limited immunomodulator is available to counteract IAV-associated pneumonia in the clinic. Sinensetin, a polymethoxylated flavone with five methoxy groups, has been found to possess anti-agiogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. However, the effects of sinensetin on IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response remain unclear. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects and corresponding possible mechanism of sinensetin in IAV-infected A549 cells were subjected to investigations. Methods The cytotoxic effects of sinensetin towards A549 cells was detected by MTT and LDH assays. The antiviral activity of sinensetin against influenza A virus was assayed in A549 cells with an engineered replication-competent influenza A virus carrying Gaussia luciferase reporter gene infection. The effect of sinensetin on influenza A virus-triggered inflammatory reaction was determined by qRT-PCR, Luminex assays, ELISA and Western blot. Results Our results showed that sinensetin did not exhibit antiviral activity against A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Meanwhile, sinensetin treatment significantly decreased IAV-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators at mRNA and protein levels, including IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-8 and MCP-1. Additionally, levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the downstream product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) up-regulated by IAV infection were dramatically suppressed by sinensetin. The mechanistic investigation revealed that sinensetin treatment suppressed the NF-κB transcriptional activity using the NF-κB reporter stable HEK293 cell line stimulated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) or influenza H1N1 virus. Furthermore, sinensetin abrogated influenza H1N1 virus-induced activation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalings. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicated that sinensetin has potential capacity to attenuate IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response via inactivation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalings, which implied that sinensetin may be a promising candidate drug for influenza H1N1 virus infection therapeutics.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of postpartum urinary retention in women with natural childbirth and related nursing interventions. Methods The clinical data of 115 women with natural childbirth were retrospectively analyzed, in which 57 cases with postpartum urinary retention were set as observation group, and 58 cases without postpartum urinary retention were set as control group. The potential influencing factors of postpartum urinary retention were analyzed, and preventive measures were summarized. Results The Influencing factors of postpartum urinary retention included the first stage, second stage and total stage of labor, urethral catheterization and primiparity(P＜0. 05). Conclusion The first stage, second stage and total stage of labor, urethral catheterization and primiparity are influencing factors of postpartum urinary retention. Targeted nursing intervention should be carried out to reduce the risk of postpartum urinary retention. (目的 分析影响自然分娩产妇产后尿潴留相关因素, 探讨相关护理对策。方法 对自然分娩的115例产妇的临床资料进行回顾性分析, 将57例发生尿潴留的产妇作为观察组, 58例未发生尿潴留的产妇作为对照组, 分析导致其产后尿潴留的高危因素, 并探讨相应护理措施。结果 自然分娩产妇产后尿潴留的影响因素包括: 第一、二产程及总产程时长、产时导尿、初产妇。结论 第一、二产程时长、总产程时长、产时导尿、初产妇均是引起尿潴留发生的危险因素, 应针对性采取一系列干预措施, 改善或预防尿潴留的发生。)

Nicotine, the main component of cigarette smoke, affects white/brown adipocytes. Few studies have concentrated on beige adipocytes. In this study, 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated in the presence of nicotine (25, 50 and 100 μmol/L) during early differentiation and maintenance stages. Cell viability and the state of lipid droplets were assessed by the MTT assay and Oil Red O, respectively, and the expression of beige-related genes and proteins was examined by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Nicotine did not alter adipocyte differentiation; however, it increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) protein during early differentiation and maintenance. Nicotine treatment during early differentiation downregulated gene and protein expression of PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and cluster of differentiation 137 (CD137), and gene expression of Cbp/p300 interacting transactivator with Glu/ Asp rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 (Cited1), transmembrane protein 26 (Tmem26), and short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2). Nicotine treatment during the maintenance stage upregulated these beige-related genes/proteins. Nicotine treatment of immature adipocytes damaged beige function through a decrease in PGC-1α/UCP1 expression, but nicotine treatment of mature adipocytes or both immature and mature cells enhanced beige functioning. Nicotine induced beige-like phenotype dysfunction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This process may affect thermogenesis in adipose tissue and cause a dysfunction in fat metabolism.

With geological big data becoming a focus of geoscience research, the vast amount of textual geoscience data provides both opportunities and challenges for data analysis and data mining. In fact, it does not seem possible to meet the demands of the big data age through the traditional manual reading for information extraction and gaining knowledge. In this paper, a workflow is proposed to extract prospecting information by text mining based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The aim is to classify the text data and extract the prospecting information automatically. The procedure involves three parts: 1) text data acquisition; 2) text classification based on CNN; and 3) statistics and visualization. First, the large amount of available text data was acquired based on geoscience big data acquisition methodologies. After text preprocessing, the CNN was used to classify the geoscience text data into four categories (geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and remote sensing), with each category consisting of three levels of text scales (word, sentence, and paragraph). Second, the word frequency statistics, co-occurrence matrix statistics, and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) statistics were for words, sentences, and paragraphs, respectively, which aimed to obtain the key nodes and links derived from the content-words. Finally, the deep semantic information of the big data mining of relevant geoscience texts was visualized by word clouds, knowledge graphs (e.g., the chord and bigram graphs), and TF-IDF statistical graphs. The Lala copper deposit in Sichuan province was taken as a test case, for which the prospecting information was extracted successfully by the developed text mining methodologies. This paper provides a strong basis for research into establishing mineral deposits prospecting models based on logical knowledge trees. In addition, it shows the great potential of this method for intelligent information extraction within geoscience big data.

Abstract Liver fibrosis is a serious global health issue for which effective treatment remains elusive. Chemical-induced hepatocyte-like cells (ciHeps) have emerged as an appealing source for cell transplantation therapy, although they present several challenges such as the risk of lung thromboembolism or hemorrhage. Apoptotic vesicles (apoVs), small membrane vesicles generated during the apoptosis process, have gained attention for their role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we generated ciHep-derived apoVs (ciHep-apoVs) and investigated their therapeutic potential in alleviating liver fibrosis. Our findings revealed that ciHep-apoVs induced the transformation of macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, effectively suppressed the activity of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), and enhanced the survival of hepatocytes. When intravenously administered to mice with liver fibrosis, ciHep-apoVs were primarily engulfed by macrophages and myofibroblasts, leading to a reduction in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Proteomic and miRNA analyses showed that ciHep-apoVs were enriched in various functional molecules that modulate crucial cellular processes, including metabolism, signaling transduction, and ECM-receptor interactions. ciHep-apoVs effectively suppressed aHSCs activity through the synergistic inhibition of glycolysis, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cascades. These findings highlight the potential of ciHep-apoVs as multifunctional nanotherapeutics for liver fibrosis and provide insights into the treatment of other liver diseases and fibrosis in other organs. Graphical abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most useful methods to generate functional connectivity networks of the brain. However, conventional network generation methods ignore dynamic changes of functional connectivity between brain regions. Previous studies proposed constructing high-order functional connectivity networks that consider the time-varying characteristics of functional connectivity, and a clustering method was performed to decrease computational cost. However, random selection of the initial clustering centers and the number of clusters negatively affected classification accuracy, and the network lost neurological interpretability. Here we propose a novel method that introduces the minimum spanning tree method to high-order functional connectivity networks. As an unbiased method, the minimum spanning tree simplifies high-order network structure while preserving its core framework. The dynamic characteristics of time series are not lost with this approach, and the neurological interpretation of the network is guaranteed. Simultaneously, we propose a multi-parameter optimization framework that involves extracting discriminative features from the minimum spanning tree high-order functional connectivity networks. Compared with the conventional methods, our resting-state fMRI classification method based on minimum spanning tree high-order functional connectivity networks greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To analyze the literature on artificial intelligence in forensic research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection Database, to explore research hotspots and developmental trends. Methods A total of 736 articles on artificial intelligence in forensic medicine in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022 were visualized and analyzed through the literature measuring tool CiteSpace. The authors, institution, country （region）, title, journal, keywords, cited references and other information of relevant literatures were analyzed. Results A total of 736 articles published in 220 journals by 355 authors from 289 institutions in 69 countries （regions） were identified, with the number of articles published showing an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the United States had the highest number of publications and China ranked the second. Academy of Forensic Science had the highest number of publications among the institutions. Forensic Science International, Journal of Forensic Sciences, International Journal of Legal Medicine ranked high in publication and citation frequency. Through the analysis of keywords, it was found that the research hotspots of artificial intelligence in the forensic field mainly focused on the use of artificial intelligence technology for sex and age estimation, cause of death analysis, postmortem interval estimation, individual identification and so on. Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to international and institutional cooperation and to strengthen the cross-disciplinary research. Exploring the combination of advanced artificial intelligence technologies with forensic research will be a hotspot and direction for future research.