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Abstract The incidence of multiple pronuclei (≥ 3PN) zygotes and blastomere multinucleation was found to be elevated in the presence of increased estradiol (E2) levels and a greater number of retrieved oocytes. This implies a potential link between the incidence of multinucleation at the two-cell stage (MN2) and a higher proportion of ≥ 3PN zygotes. We aimed to investigate the effect of high proportion of ≥ 3PN zygotes on MN2 incidence during conventional in vitro fertilization (C-IVF) by using time-lapse monitoring. This study included 1195 patients from January 2020 to December 2022. The patients were categorized into three groups: Group 1 comprised patients with no ≥ 3PN zygotes (n = 422), Group 2 included those with 0–25% ≥3PN zygotes (n = 617), and Group 3 consisted of patients with more than 25% ≥3PN zygotes (n = 156). The MN2 rate, types of MN2 and clinical outcomes were compared among the three groups. Our data indicated that the MN2 rate was significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3 (18.33 versus 25.62%; p 0.05). The embryos displaying binucleated at the two-cell stage in one blastomere (2BI1) and true multinucleated at the two-cell stage in one blastomere (2MULTI1) showed significantly higher blastocyst formation rates compared to embryos exhibiting true multinucleated at the two-cell stage in both blastomeres (2MULTI2) (59.50 versus 45.40%; p

Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highly heterogeneous. Our understanding of full molecular and immune landscape of ESCC remains limited, hindering the development of personalised therapeutic strategies. To address this, we perform genomic-transcriptomic characterizations and AI-aided histopathological image analysis of 120 Chinese ESCC patients. Here we show that ESCC can be categorized into differentiated, metabolic, immunogenic and stemness subtypes based on bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, each exhibiting specific molecular and histopathological features based on an amalgamated deep-learning model. The stemness subgroup with signature genes, such as WFDC2, SFRP1, LGR6 and VWA2, has the poorest prognosis and is associated with downregulated immune activities, a high frequency of EP300 mutation/activation, functional mutation enrichment in Wnt signalling and the highest level of intratumoural heterogeneity. The immune profiling by transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry reveals ESCC cells overexpress natural killer cell markers XCL1 and CD160 as immune evasion. Strikingly, XCL1 expression also affects the sensitivity of ESCC cells to common chemotherapy drugs. This study opens avenues for ESCC treatment and provides a valuable public resource to better understand ESCC.

Abstract Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that has been found to be associated with dysregulation of gastrointestinal functions and gut microbial homeostasis (the so-called “gut-brain axis”). ASD is often accompanied by poor performances in social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Studies on the gut-brain axis provide novel insights and candidate targets for ASD therapeutics and diagnosis. Based on the ASD mice model, this work aims to reveal the mechanisms behind the interaction of intestinal barrier function and probiotics in ASD mouse models. Results We found an altered intestinal barrier in both BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) and valproic acid (VPA) mice, including increased intestinal permeability, decreased expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (claudin1, claudin3, and occludin), and increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Based on intestinal microbial alternation, C. butyricum can drive reduced expression of histone deacetylases 1 (HDAC1) and enhanced intestinal barrier function, significantly promoting behavioral abnormalities of ASD in BTBR mice. In parallel, we confirmed that C. butyricum was involved in the regulation of intestinal function by the Trek1 channel, indicating that it is a target of C. butyricum/butyric acid to improve intestinal barrier function in ASD mice. Conclusions Our finding provides solid evidence for the gut microbiota involved in ASD through the brain-gut axis. In addition, the probiotics C. butyricum hold promise to improve gut health and ameliorate behavioral abnormalities associated with ASD.

Abstract Background Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is an essential precancerous lesion. Although the reversal of GIM is challenging, it potentially brings a state-to-art strategy for gastric cancer therapeutics (GC). The lack of the appropriate in vitro model limits studies of GIM pathogenesis, which is the issue this work aims to address for further studies. Method The air-liquid interface (ALI) model was adopted for the long-term culture of GIM cells in the present work. This study conducted Immunofluorescence (IF), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), transcriptomic sequencing, and mucoproteomic sequencing (MS) techniques to identify the pathways for differential expressed genes (DEGs) enrichment among different groups, furthermore, to verify novel biomarkers of GIM cells. Result Our study suggests that GIM-ALI model is analog to the innate GIM cells, which thus can be used for mucus collection and drug screening. We found genes MUC17, CDA, TRIM15, TBX3, FLVCR2, ONECUT2, ACY3, NMUR2, and MAL2 were highly expressed in GIM cells, while GLDN, SLC5A5, MAL, and MALAT1 showed down-regulated, which can be used as potential biomarkers for GIM cells. In parallel, these genes that highly expressed in GIM samples were mainly involved in cancer-related pathways, such as the MAPK signal pathway and oxidative phosphorylation signal pathway. Conclusion The ALI model is validated for the first time for the in vitro study of GIM. GIM-ALI model is a novel in vitro model that can mimic the tissue micro-environment in GIM patients and further provide an avenue for studying the characteristics of GIM mucus. Our study identified new markers of GIM as well as pathways associated with GIM, which provides outstanding insight for exploring GIM pathogenesis and potentially other related conditions.

ABSTRACT Esophageal cancer (EC) is a multifaceted disease. Our understanding of the involvement of esophageal microbiota in its pathogenesis and progression is limited, which is due to the lack of proper endoscopic sampling methods. Hereby, we conducted a comparative analysis of paired samples obtained through endoscopic brushing and cytosponge, aiming at assessing the feasibility of using cytosponge as a minimally invasive sampling way for studying esophageal microbiota. Our findings suggest that cytosponge sampling yielded significantly superior community richness and diversity compared to endoscopic brushing in both controls (non-cancerous) and EC individuals. The analysis of beta-diversity revealed distinct microbial community pattern in the genus diversity between the two sampling methods, underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate sampling methods to effectively characterize the esophageal microbiota. Specifically, Lactococcus and Serratia showed higher abundance in the samples collected by endoscopic brushing, while Alloprevotella and Leptotrichia were more enriched in the samples collected by cytosponge. These differences in dominant microbes were associated with metabolic pathways that particularly were related to host inflammation, such as pyruvate and glucose metabolisms. Notably, the phylogenetic levels of the microbiota indicated varied explanatory power for different detection purposes. This study underscores the substantial impact of sampling method selection on the acquisition of esophageal microbiota associated with the EC development, encompassing considerations of both abundance and diversity. This highlights the significance of selecting an appropriate sampling method for investigating the esophageal microbial status and studying the micro-environment in EC-related individuals.IMPORTANCEThis study addresses a critical issue in esophageal cancer study by comparing two different sampling methods, endoscopic brushing and cytosponge, for investigating the esophageal microbiota. Our work highlights the suitability of the cytosponge technique as a minimally invasive sampling method for studying the esophageal microbiota and emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate sampling method to characterize the microbial community. Our findings have significant implications for advancing the understanding of the role of the esophageal microbiota in cancer development and will inform future research and clinical approaches in this field.

ABSTRACT Physicochemical methods for remediating phenol-contaminated soils are costly and inefficient, making biodegradation an environmentally friendly alternative approach. This study aims to screen for potential phenol-degrading bacteria and to verify the removal capacities of a selected strain in a bioaugmentation experiment at the greenhouse level using Brassica chinensis L. (Chinese cabbage) as the model plant and phenol-contaminated soil. In parallel, pot experiments were conducted using a collaborative approach based on this model system. We found that Myroides xuanwuensis strain H13 showed a high degradation capability, with a 97.67% efficiency in degrading 100 mg/L phenol. Under shaking flask conditions, H13 facilitated the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and potassium feldspar powder. Pot experiments suggested a phenol removal percentage of 89.22% and enhanced availability of soil phosphorus and potassium for plants with H13 inoculation. In this case, the abundance of soil microbes and the activity of soil enzymes significantly increased as well. Furthermore, both photosynthesis and the antioxidant system in Chinese cabbage were enhanced following H13 inoculation, resulting in its increased yield and quality. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that H13 can primarily affect plant root growth, with a secondary impact on photosynthesis. These findings highlight the potential of biodegradation from phenol-degrading bacteria as a promising strategy for efficient phenol removal from soil while promoting plant growth and health.IMPORTANCEThis study is significant for environmental remediation and agriculture by its exploration of a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective bio-strategy in treating phenol-contaminated soil. These findings have essential implications for environmental remediation efforts and sustainable agriculture. By utilizing the biodegradation capabilities of Myroides xuanwuensis strain H13, it is possible to remove phenol contaminants from the soil efficiently, reducing their negative effects. Furthermore, the enhanced growth and health of the Chinese cabbage plants indicate the potential of this approach to promote sustainable crop production.

ObjectiveGastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous stage associated with gastric cancer. Despite the observed beneficial effects of metformin on IM, its molecular mechanism remains not fully elucidated. This study aims to reveal the effects and potential mechanisms of metformin in treating IM based on both bioinformatics and in vivo investigations.MethodsThe seven public databases (GeneCards, DisGeNET, OMIM, SuperPred, Pharm Mapper, Swiss Target Prediction, TargetNet) were used in this work to identify targeted genes related to intestinal metaplasia (IM) and metformin. The shared targeted genes between metformin and IM were further analyzed by network pharmacology, while the interactions in-between were investigated by molecular docking. In parallel, the therapeutic effect of metformin was evaluated in IM mice model, while the core targets and pathways effected by metformin were verified in vivo.ResultsWe screened out 1,751 IM-related genes and 318 metformin-targeted genes, 99 common genes identified in between were visualized by constructing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The top ten core targeted genes were EGFR, MMP9, HIF1A, HSP90AA1, SIRT1, IL2, MAPK8, STAT1, PIK3CA, and ICAM1. The functional enrichment analysis confirmed that carcinogenesis and HIF-1 signaling pathways were primarily involved in the metformin treatment of IM. Based on molecular docking and dynamics, we found metformin affected the function of its targets by inhibiting receptor binding. Furthermore, metformin administration reduced the progression of IM lesions in Atp4a−/− mice model significantly. Notably, metformin enhanced the expression level of MUC5AC, while inhibited the expression level of CDX2. Our results also showed that metformin modulated the expression of core targets in vivo by reducing the activity of NF-κB and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway.ConclusionThis study confirms that metformin improves the efficacy of IM treatment by regulating a complex molecular network. Metformin plays a functional role in inhibiting inflammation/apoptosis-related pathways of further IM progression. Our work provides a molecular foundation for understanding metformin and other guanidine medicines in IM treatment.

Background: Revealing the role of anoikis resistance plays in CRC is significant for CRC diagnosis and treatment. This study integrated the CRC anoikis-related key genes (CRC-AKGs) and established a novel model for improving the efficiency and accuracy of the prognostic evaluation of CRC. Methods: CRC-ARGs were screened out by performing differential expression and univariate Cox analysis. CRC-AKGs were obtained through the LASSO machine learning algorithm and the LASSO Risk-Score was constructed to build a nomogram clinical prediction model combined with the clinical predictors. In parallel, this work developed a web-based dynamic nomogram to facilitate the generalization and practical application of our model. Results: We identified 10 CRC-AKGs and a risk-related prognostic Risk-Score was calculated. Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that the Risk-Score, TNM stage, and age were independent risk factors that significantly associated with the CRC prognosis(p

Background: Gastrointestinal cancer poses a considerable global health risk, encompassing a heterogeneous spectrum of malignancies that afflict the gastrointestinal tract. It is significant to develop efficacious therapeutic agents, as they are indispensable for both the treatment and prevention of this formidable disease. Methods: In this study, we synthesized a novel thiophene derivative, designated as compound 1312. An assessment was performed to investigate its anti-proliferative activity in several cancer cell lines (GES-1, EC9706, SGC7901, and HT-29). Furthermore, we performed molecular biology techniques to investigate the inhibitory impact of compound 1312 on gastrointestinal cell lines SGC-7901 and HT-29. Results: Our findings reveal that compound 1312 exhibits significant efficacy in suppressing colony formation of cancer cells. Notably, it triggers cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in gastrointestinal cell lines SGC7901 and HT-29. Compound 1312 was confirmed to exert inhibitory effects on cell migration and invasion in SGC7901. Additionally, the compound elicits apoptotic cell death through the activation of the DNA repair enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the caspase signaling cascade. Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that compound 1312 effectively suppresses both the β-tubulin cytoskeletal network and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These multifaceted anti-cancer activities highlight the potential of compound 1312 as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Conclusion: This study indicates the promising potential of compound 1312 as a prospective candidate agent for gastrointestinal cancer treatment. Further comprehensive investigations are needed to explore its therapeutic efficacy in greater detail.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Various factors, including dietary habits, and antacid and antibiotic use, have been shown to influence the esophageal microbiome. Conversely, enrichment and diversity of the esophageal microbiome can also impact its function. Recent studies have revealed prevalent changes in the esophageal microbiome among patients with EC, thus suggesting the potential contribution of the esophageal microbiome to EC development. Additionally, distinct microbiome compositions have been observed in patients with different responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, indicating the role of the esophageal microbiome in modulating treatment outcomes. In this review, we have examined previous studies on the esophageal microbiome in healthy individuals and patients with EC or other esophageal diseases, with a focus on identifying microbial communities associated with EC pathogenesis and prognosis. Understanding the role of the microbiome in EC may aid in early detection and optimized treatment strategies, ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients.

Sitobion avenae F. is a highly prevalent and devastating pest in wheat crops, leading to significant yield losses. Silicon (Si) has been widely recognized as an effective inducer of plant resistance against aphids. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms governing the physiological and biochemical responses of plants induced by Si defense against S. avenae F. remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted experiments by treating wheat leaves with varying concentrations of Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) spray under aphid infestation. We meticulously observed and recorded the life cycle of S. avenae F. and measured the content of plant hormones, secondary metabolites, and the activity of defense enzymes in wheat leaves. Furthermore, we utilized structural equation modeling to discern the causal correlation between aphid performance and the physiological-biochemical responses of wheat under TEOS sprays. Our findings revealed that a concentration of 3 mmol/L TEOS significantly shortened the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate and finite rate of increase, and mean generation time of S. avenae F., while simultaneously prolonging the population doubling time. Additionally, the content of lignin, total phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid in wheat leaves exhibited a substantial increase. Furthermore, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase, and lipoxygenase in wheat leaves was significantly enhanced. Our results suggest that TEOS spray reduced the survival and population growth of S. avenae F. while enhancing the defense response of wheat against aphids by activating the activity of PAL and PPO in wheat, and increasing the content of total phenolic and JA. This work provides valuable insights for the development of appropriate Si fertilizers for effective pest management and offers robust theoretical support for wheat aphid control through agricultural fertilization strategies.

Abstract Background Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a cystine transport deficiency in the renal tubules due to mutations in two genes: SLC3A1 and SLC7A9. Cystinuria can be classified into three forms based on the genotype: type A, due to mutations in the SLC3A1 gene; type B, due to mutations in the SLC7A9 gene; and type AB, due to mutations in both genes. Methods We report a 12-year-old boy from central China with cystine stones. He was from a non-consanguineous family that had no known history of genetic disease. A physical examination showed normal development and neurological behaviors. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were used to identify and verify the suspected pathogenic variants. Results The compound heterozygous variants c.898_905del (p.Arg301AlafsTer6) is located in exon5 and c.1898_1899insAT (p.Asp634LeufsTer46) is located in exon10 of SLC3A1 (NM_000341.4) were deemed responsible for type A cystinuria family. The variant c.898_905del was reported in a Japanese patient in 2000, and the variant c.1898_1899insAT is novel. Conclusion A novel pathogenic heterozygous variant pair of the SLC3A1 gene was identified in a Chinese boy with type A cystinuria, enriching the mutational spectrum of the SLC3A1 gene. We attempted to find a pattern for the association between the genotype of SLC3A1 variants and the manifestations of cystinuria in patients with different onset ages. Our findings have important implications for genetic counseling and the early clinical diagnosis of cystinuria.

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe disorder that leads to high morbidity and mortality. Appropriate reference genes are important for gene analysis in AP. This study sought to study the expression stability of several reference genes in the golden Syrian hamster, a model of AP. Methods AP was induced in golden Syrian hamster by intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1.35 g/kg) and palmitoleic acid (2 mg/kg). The expression of candidate genes, including Actb, Gapdh, Eef2, Ywhaz, Rps18, Hprt1, Tubb, Rpl13a, Nono, and B2m, in hamster pancreas at different time points (1, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h) posttreatment was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression stability of these genes was calculated using BestKeeper, Comprehensive Delta CT, NormFinder, and geNorm algorithms and RefFinder software. Results Our results show that the expression of these reference genes fluctuated during AP, of which Ywhaz and Gapdh were the most stable genes, whereas Tubb, Eef2, and Actb were the least stable genes. Furthermore, these genes were used to normalize the expression of TNF‐α messenger ribonucleic acid in inflamed pancreas. Conclusions In conclusion, Ywhaz and Gapdh were suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in AP induced in Syrian hamster.

Abstract Background The genotype-phenotype relationships between TUBB8 variants and female infertility are difficult to clearly define due to the complex inheritance patterns and the highly heterogeneous phenotypes. This study aims to identify novel TUBB8 variants and relevant phenotypes in more infertile females. Methods A total of 35 females with primary infertility were recruited from two reproductive centers and investigated for identifying variants in TUBB8. Pedigree analysis, in-silico analysis and molecular remodeling were performed to assess their clinical significance. The effects of the variants on human oocytes and embryos as well as HeLa cells were analyzed by morphological observations, immunostaining and Western blot. Results We totally identified five novel variants (p.G13R, p.Y50C, p.T136I, p.F265V and p.T366A) and five previously reported variants (p.I4L, p.L42V, p.Q134*, p.V255M and p.V349I) in TUBB8 from 9 unrelated females with primary infertility. These variants were rare and highly conserved among different species, and were inherited in autosomal dominant/recessive patterns, or occurred de novo. In vitro functional assays in HeLa cells revealed that exogenous expression of mutant TUBB8 proteins caused different degrees of microtubule structural disruption. The existence of these pathogenic TUBB8 variants finally induced oocyte maturation arrest or morphological abnormalities, fertilization failure, cleavage failure, embryonic development defects and implantation failure in the affected females. Conclusion These findings enriched the variant spectrum of TUBB8 gene and could contribute to optimize genetic counselling and clinical management of females with primary infertility.

A method was established to determine 22 free amino acids in food for special medical purposes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. After extraction with sulfosalicylic acid and derivation with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), the samples were eluted with acetonitrile water-ammonium formate as mobile phase. Amino acids were separated by HSS T3 column and detected with diode-array detector by external standard method. Results showed that, the 22 amino acids were linear in the range of 2~100 µg/mL with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The limits of detection (S/N≥3) were 10 mg/100 g, and the limits of quantification (S/N≥10) were 25 mg/100 g. The recoveries were in the range of 90.1% and 109.1% with relative standard deviation (RSD) from 0.8% to 6.9%. This method was simple, efficient, accurate and reproducible. It was suitable for determination of 22 free amino acids in food for special medical purposes, which could provide technical support to ensure the quality and safety.

ObjectiveThe fruit load estimation of fruit tree is essential for horticulture management. Traditional estimation method by manual sampling is not only labor-intensive and time-consuming but also prone to errors. Most existing models can not apply to edge computing equipment with limited computing resources because of their high model complexity. This study aims to develop a lightweight model for edge computing equipment to estimate fruit load automatically in the orchard.MethodsThe experimental data were captured using the smartphone in the citrus orchard in Jiangnan district, Nanning city, Guangxi province. In the dataset, 30 videos were randomly selected for model training and other 10 for testing. The general idea of the proposed algorithm was divided into two parts: Detecting fruits and extracting ReID features of fruits in each image from the video, then tracking fruit and estimating the fruit load. Specifically, the CSPDarknet53 network was used as the backbone of the model to achieve feature extraction as it consumes less hardware computing resources, which was suitable for edge computing equipment. The path aggregation feature pyramid network PAFPN was introduced as the neck part for the feature fusion via the jump connection between the low-level and high-level features. The fused features from the PAFPN were fed into two parallel branches. One was the fruit detection branch and another was the identity embedding branch. The fruit detection branch consisted of three prediction heads, each of which performed 3×3 convolution and 1×1 convolution on the feature map output by the PAFPN to predict the fruit's keypoint heat map, local offset and bounding box size, respectively. The identity embedding branch distinguished between different fruit identity features. In the fruit tracking stage, the byte mechanism from the ByteTrack algorithm was introduced to improve the data association of the FairMOT method, enhancing the performance of fruit load estimation in the video. The Byte algorithm considered both high-score and low-score detection boxes to associate the fruit motion trajectory, then matches the identity features' similarity of fruits between frames. The number of fruit IDs whose tracking duration longer than five frames was counted as the amount of citrus fruit in the video.Results and DiscussionsAll experiments were conducted on edge computing equipment. The fruit detection experiment was conducted under the same test dataset containing 211 citrus tree images. The experimental results showed that applying CSPDarkNet53+PAFPN structure in the proposed model achieved a precision of 83.6%, recall of 89.2% and F1 score of 86.3%, respectively, which were superior to the same indexes of FairMOT (ResNet34) model, FairMOT (HRNet18) model and Faster RCNN model. The CSPDarkNet53+PAFPN structure adopted in the proposed model could better detect the fruits in the images, laying a foundation for estimating the amount of citrus fruit on trees. The model complexity experimental results showed that the number of parameters, FLOPs (Floating Point Operations) and size of the proposed model were 5.01 M, 36.44 G and 70.2 MB, respectively. The number of parameters for the proposed model was 20.19% of FairMOT (ResNet34) model's and 41.51% of FairMOT (HRNet18) model's. The FLOPs for the proposed model was 78.31% less than FairMOT (ResNet34) model's and 87.63% less than FairMOT (HRNet18) model's. The model size for the proposed model was 23.96% of FairMOT (ResNet34) model's and 45.00% of FairMOT (HRNet18) model's. Compared with the Faster RCNN, the model built in this study showed advantages in the number of parameters, FLOPs and model size. The low complexity proved that the proposed model was more friendly to edge computing equipment. Compared with the lightweight backbone network EfficientNet-Lite, the CSPDarkNet53 applied in the proposed model's backbone performed better fruit detection and model complexity. For fruit load estimation, the improved tracking strategy that integrated the Byte algorithm into the FairMOT positively boosted the estimation accuracy of fruit load. The experimental results on the test videos showed that the AEP (Average Estimating Precision) and FPS (Frames Per Second) of the proposed model reached 91.61% and 14.76 f/s, which indicated that the proposed model could maintain high estimation accuracy while the FPS was 2.4 times and 4.7 times of the comparison models, respectively. The RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the proposed model was 4.1713, which was 47.61% less than FairMOT (ResNet34) model's and 22.94% less than FairMOT (HRNet18) model's. The R2 of the determination coefficient between the algorithm-measured value and the manual counted value was 0.9858, which was superior to other comparison models. The proposed model revealed better performance in estimating fruit load and lower model complexity than other comparatives.ConclusionsThe experimental results proved the validity of the proposed model for fruit load estimation on edge computing equipment. This research could provide technical references for the automatic monitoring and analysis of orchard productivity. Future research will continue to enrich the data resources, further improve the model's performance, and explore more efficient methods to serve more fruit tree varieties.

The development of cancer is not just the growth and proliferation of a single transformed cell, but its tumor microenvironment (TME) also coevolves with it, which is primarily involved in tumor initiation, development, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. Recent years, TME has been emerged as a potential target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the clinical efficacy of treatments targeting the TME, especially its specific components, remains insufficient. In parallel, the gut microbiome is an essential TME component that is crucial in cancer immunotherapy. Thus, assessing and constructing frameworks between the gut microbiota and the TME can significantly enhance the exploration of effective treatment strategies for various tumors. In this review the role of the gut microbiota in human cancers, including its function and relationship with various tumors was summarized. In addition, the interaction between the gut microbiota and the TME as well as its potential applications in cancer therapeutics was described. Furthermore, it was summarized that fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary adjustments, and synthetic biology to introduce gut microbiota-based medical technologies for cancer treatment. This review provides a comprehensive summary for uncovering the mechanism underlying the effects of the gut microbiota on the TME and lays a foundation for the development of personalized medicine in further studies.

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of cleavage-stage embryo transfers (ETs) for the first time and explore optimal number of high-quality cleavage-stage embryos for extended culture to blastocyst-stage in women of advanced maternal age (AMA).Methods We retrospectively identified 1646 AMA women ≥ age 38 years for the first fresh ETs between January 2014 and December 2020 at our hospital. Double ETs were divided into three groups as follows: DET-HH (two high-quality embryos), DET-HL (one high-quality and one low-quality embryo), and DET-LL (two low-quality embryos) groups. We mainly analyzed the pregnancy outcomes of double cleavage-stage ETs with different embryo grades and blastocyst-stage ETs with different number of high-quality cleavage-stage embryos on day 3.Results Our data indicated that the DET-HH group had significantly higher clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and live birth rates than DET-HL and DET-LL groups (p .05).Conclusions Extended culture to blastocyst-stage for transfer was safe and recommended for AMA women with ≥ 4 high-quality embryos on day 3.

Dioctyl phthalate, commonly known as bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is a widely used plasticizer in various industries and has been shown to directly or indirectly impact human health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies evaluating the potential health risks associated with DEHP accumulation in different organs across various age groups. This study aimed to assess the effects of low (50 mg/kg·bw) and high (500 mg/kg·bw) doses of DEHP on five different organs in mice at young (4-week-old) and aged (76-week-old) life stages. Our findings revealed that both low and high doses of DEHP exposure led to significant dose-dependent inflammation in the liver, spleen, and kidney. Furthermore, regardless of age, DEHP exposure resulted in elevated activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the liver, as well as increased levels of creatinine (Cr) and urea in the kidney. Moreover, analysis of the fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that DEHP exposure disrupted the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, characterized by an increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Desulfovibrio and Muribaculum, and a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus. This study provides compelling evidence that DEHP at different concentrations can induce damage to multiple organs and disrupt gut microbiota composition. These findings lay the groundwork for further investigations into DEHP toxicity in various human organs, contributing to a better understanding of the potential health risks associated with DEHP exposure.

Abstract After a failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which no transferable embryo was obtained, the possibility of a subsequent pregnancy for the patient is unknown. We conducted a cohort retrospective study evaluating the live birth rate in the subsequent cycles of the patients with no embryo for transfer in their first IVF attempt between 2017and 2020. The first cycle variables of patients who conceived in subsequent cycles were compared to those who did not. Additionally, for patients who conceived at last, variables related to ovarian stimulation were compared between the first cycle and the conceiving cycle. In accordance with the inclusion criteria, 529 were enrolled during the study period, of which 230 had successful pregnancies and 192 gave birth to a live infant. Cumulative live birth rates (CLBR) per cycle and patient were 26% and 36% respectively. Moreover, 99% of the live births were obtained within the first three attempts, beyond six cycles, there was no pregnancy. Stimulating variables in the first cycle were not effective in predicting the likelihood of a patient's subsequent pregnancy. Overall, patients who did not have embryos available for transfer in the first cycle had a 36% chance of getting a live birth in subsequent attempts, and the cause of failure should be considered.

Abstract Oocyte maturation arrest is one of the important causes of female infertility, but the genetic factors remain largely unknown. PABPC1L, a predominant poly(A)‐binding protein in Xenopus, mouse, and human oocytes and early embryos prior to zygotic genome activation, plays a key role in translational activation of maternal mRNAs. Here, we identified compound heterozygous and homozygous variants in PABPC1L that are responsible for female infertility mainly characterized by oocyte maturation arrest in five individuals. In vitro studies demonstrated that these variants resulted in truncated proteins, reduced protein abundance, altered cytoplasmic localization, and reduced mRNA translational activation by affecting the binding of PABPC1L to mRNA. In vivo, three strains of Pabpc1l knock‐in (KI) female mice were infertile. RNA‐sequencing analysis showed abnormal activation of the Mos‐MAPK pathway in the zygotes of KI mice. Finally, we activated this pathway in mouse zygotes by injecting human MOS mRNA, and this mimicked the phenotype of KI mice. Our findings reveal the important roles of PABPC1L in human oocyte maturation and add a genetic potential candidate gene to be screened for causes of infertility.

Background: Twin pregnancies carry significant fetal, perinatal and maternal risks. Thus, it is important to evaluate clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization with donor sperm (IVFD) in the first attempt with double cleavage-stage embryos and explore optimal number of day 3 high-quality embryos for the blastocyst transfer on day 5. Methods: We retrospectively identified all IVFD embryo transfers (IVFD-ETs) for the initial time between 2014 and 2021 at our hospital. We mainly analyzed the twin pregnancy rates for double day 3 embryo transfers and clinical outcomes of day 5 blastocyst transfers by prolonged culture with different numbers of day 3 high-quality embryos. Results: Among 1512 IVFD-ETs, 834 were day 3 embryo transfers and 678 were day 5 blastocyst transfers. Our data indicated that the twin pregnancy rates reached up to 40% in the 674 double cleavage-stage embryo transfers and it was not due to the quality of the transferred embryos. For prolonged culture with 2, 3 and 4 day 3 high-quality embryos, the cycle rates of no high-quality blastocysts obtained were 30.43%, 19.80% and 7.91%, respectively. The clinical pregnancy rates were 56.52%, 74.26% and 72.32%, respectively. The twin pregnancies rates were 7.69%, 14.67% and 6.77%, respectively. Conclusions: Transferring double cleavage-stage embryos had high risks of twin pregnancies in the IVFD-ETs. Blastocyst transfer was safe and recommended for the patients with three or more high-quality embryos on day 3.

Scientists have made great efforts to understand the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) to provide crucial information to public health experts on strategies to control this viral pathogen. The pandemic of the coronavirus disease that began in 2019, COVID-19, lasted nearly three years, and nearly all countries have set different epidemic prevention policies for this virus. The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 alters its pathogenicity and infectivity in human hosts, thus the policy and treatments have been continually adjusted. Based on our previous study on the dynamics of binding ability prediction between the COVID-19 spike protein and human ACE2, the present study mined over 10 million sequences and epidemiological data of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020-2022 to understand the evolutionary path of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed and predicted the mutation rates of the whole genome and main proteins of SARS-CoV-2 from different populations to understand the adaptive relationship between humans and COVID-19. Our study identified a correlation of the mutation rates from each protein of SARS-CoV-2 and various human populations. Overall, this analysis provides a scientific basis for developing data-driven strategies to confront human pathogens.

Abstract Turnover prediction has an important impact on alleviating the brain drain, which can help organizations reduce costs and enhance competitiveness. Existing studies on turnover are mainly based on analyzing the turnover correlation, using different models to predict various employee turnover scenarios, and only predicting turnover category, while the class imbalance and turnover possibility have been ignored. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel fine-grained adaptation-based turnover prediction neural network (FATPNN) model. Specifically, we first employ a GRU to learn profile-aware features representations of the personnel samples. Then, to evaluate the contribution of various turnover factors, we further exploit an attention mechanism to model the profile information. Finally, we creatively design a weighted-based probability loss function suitable for our turnover prediction tasks. Experimental results show the effectiveness and universality of the FATPNN model in terms of turnover prediction.

Abstract Background Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can enhance plant growth and phosphorus (P) solubilization, it also has been reported to reduce the negative effects of overused agricultural fertilizer in farmland and protect the soil environment. However, the mechanism behind this interaction has not been fully elucidated. Results In this study, we screened out Pseudomonas moraviensis, Bacillus safensis, and Falsibacillus pallidus which can both solubilize P efficiently and produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from sandy fluvo-aquic soils. The yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under PSB inoculation significantly increased up to 14.42% (P

Research question: Does glycan profile in spent blastocyst culture medium have the potential to be used as a biomarker to predict implantation outcome. Design: A nested case-control study was conducted in Northwest women’s and children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China. The patients underwent fresh IVF/ICSI cycles with single blastocyst transfer were included. Total 78 cases were included and separated into groups according to success (n = 39) and failure (n = 39) implantation outcomes. The glycosylation patterns in spent blastocyst culture medium were detected by lectin microarray containing 37 lectins using pooled samples and confirmed by reversed lectin microarray using individual sample. Results: Binding signals of 10 lectins were found to be different between samples from successful and failed implantation. And 8 of them were confirmed that glycans binding to lectin NPA, UEA-I, MAL-I, LCA and GNA were significantly increased while DBA and BPL were decreased in the successful implantation compared to failed implantation. The glycan binding to lectin PHA-E + L had no difference between two groups. No significant differences in the glycan profile were found in spent culture medium of embryos with different morphological grades except the glycan binding to UEA-I between blastocysts of Poor and blastocysts of Medium. Conclusion: Detection of glycan profile in spent culture medium may lead to a novel non-invasive assessment assay of embryo viability. In addition, these results may be helpful to further understanding molecular mechanisms in embryo implantation.

Geomembrane relaxation can effectively prevent the geomembrane from being damaged by tensile stresses caused by temperature changes and uneven settlement of the foundation. Existing and commonly used reservation methods, such as wave-shaped, groove-shaped, and Z-shaped techniques, are unidirectional and cannot resist multidirectional tensile stresses in geomembranes. Therefore, we propose three methods for reserving bidirectional geomembranes, including the cross-groove-shaped, cross-Z-shaped, and combined Z- and groove-shaped techniques. Additionally, we investigate the key issues of these methods and their practicality through field tests and theoretical analyses. The results of the study show that the cross-groove-shaped technique is prone to geomembrane folding at the corners of the cross-intersection, and it is necessary to set a wiping angle of approximately 35° to solve the problem. The cross-Z-shaped technique does not require grooving and reduces the amount of civil construction performed. However, the neoprene rods cannot be folded 180° or restored after being separated once. The combined Z- and groove-shaped technique has no folding phenomenon and does not require 180° of folding. With a lack of folding, including 180° folding, the number of grooves can be reduced by half, but the cross-Z-shaped specimen cannot be restored after separation. In practical applications, it is recommended to use the cross-groove-shaped method or to choose a suitable bidirectional reservation method according to the actual requirements.

Preimplantation embryo arrest (PREMBA) is a common cause of female infertility and recurrent failure of assisted reproductive technology. However, the genetic basis of PREMBA is largely unrevealed. Here, using whole-exome sequencing data from 606 women experiencing PREMBA compared with 2,813 controls, we performed a population and gene–based burden test and identified a candidate gene, karyopherin subunit α7 (KPNA7). In vitro studies showed that identified sequence variants reduced KPNA7 protein levels, impaired KPNA7 capacity for binding to its substrate ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1 (RSL1D1), and affected KPNA7 nuclear transport activity. Comparison between humans and mice suggested that mouse KPNA2, rather than mouse KPNA7, acts as an essential karyopherin in embryonic development. Kpna2–/– female mice showed embryo arrest due to zygotic genome activation defects, recapitulating the phenotype of human PREMBA. In addition, female mice with an oocyte-specific knockout of Rsl1d1 recapitulated the phenotype of Kpna2–/– mice, demonstrating the vital role of substrate RSL1D1. Finally, complementary RNA (cRNA) microinjection of human KPNA7, but not mouse Kpna7, was able to rescue the embryo arrest phenotype in Kpna2–/– mice, suggesting mouse KPNA2 might be a homologue of human KPNA7. Our findings uncovered a mechanistic understanding for the pathogenesis of PREMBA, which acts by impairing nuclear protein transport, and provide a diagnostic marker for PREMBA patients.

BackgroundDay 5 (D5) blastocysts are generally given priority to transfer than day 6 (D6) blastocysts; however, which one should be prioritized to transfer when only low-grade D5 and high-grade D6 blastocysts are available?MethodsA large retrospective cohort study was carried out to evaluate the live birth rate (LBR) following D5 and D6 blastocysts in single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer (FBT) during January 2014 and December 2018. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the combined impact of expansion day (D5 and D6) and blastocyst quality (high grade/low grade) on LBR, accounting for the potential confounding factors. The biopsied blastocysts from a consecutive PGT-A case series during February 2013 to December 2021 were analyzed in a supplementary study.ResultsThe LBR achieved in high-grade D6 blastocyst transfer was significantly higher than that in low-grade D5 blastocyst transfer (50.43% vs. 40.70%, aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05–2.26, p = 0.027). There were no significant differences in preterm birth rate, very preterm birth rate, mean live birth weight, and birth weight 4,000 g between the two cohorts. As for aneuploidy analysis in PGT, there were 54.55% of euploid blastocysts (30/55) among high-grade D6 blastocysts, significantly higher than the 41.39% of euploid blastocysts (565/1,365) among low-grade D5 blastocysts (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur data suggest that D6 blastocysts with high morphology grading are preferred than D5 blastocysts with low morphology grading when selecting blastocyst transfer to shorten the time of conception.

ObjectiveTo explore the association between endometrial thickness (EMT) and adverse neonatal outcomes in frozen in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) cycles.MethodsThis retrospective study involved a total of 8,235 women under the age of 35 years who underwent IVF/ICSI cycles and received frozen embryo transfer (FET) at a tertiary-care academic medical from January 2015 to December 2019, resulting in a live singleton newborn. Patients were categorized into three groups depending on EMT: ≤7.5 mm, 7.5-12 mm and >12 mm. The primary outcome was low birthweight (LBW). The secondary outcomes were preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational age (SGA), large-for-gestational age (LGA) and high birthweight (HBW).Result(s)Compared with EMT >7.5–12 mm group, the risk of being born LBW was statistically significantly increased in the EMT ≤7.5 mm group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.179; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.305–3.640; P=.003), while dramatically decreased in the EMT >12 mm group (aOR 0.584; 95% CI, 0.403-0.844; P=.004). Moreover, newborn gender and pregnancy complications were all independent predictors for LBW. Furthermore, a significant decrease in birthweight was found in the EMT ≤7.5 mm group as compared with EMT >7.5–12 mm group and EMT >12 mm group (3,239 ± 612 vs. 3,357 ± 512 and 3,374 ± 479 g, respectively), and similar result was found in term of gestational age (38.41 ± 2.19 vs. 39.01 ± 1.68 and 39.09 ± 1.5 weeks, respectively).Conclusion(s)After frozen IVF/ICSI-ET, EMT ≤7.5 mm is independently associated with increased risk of LBW among women with singleton newborns. Therefore, we suggest that women with EMT ≤7.5 mm after achieving pregnancy by IVF/ICSI-ET treatment should warrant more attention to reduce the risk of delivering a LBW newborn.

Abstract Background Primary hyperoxaluria(PH)is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease that contains three subtypes (PH1, PH2 and PH3). Approximately 80% of PH patients has been reported as subtype PH1, this subtype of PH has been related to a higher risk of renal failure at any age. Several genetic studies indicate that the variants in gene AGXT are responsible for the occurrence of PH1. However, the population heterogeneity of the variants in AGXT makes the genetic diagnosis of PH1 more challenging as it is hard to locate each specific variant. It is valuable to have a complete spectrum of AGXT variants from different population for early diagnosis and clinical treatments of PH1. Case presentation In this study, We performed high-throughput sequencing and genetic analysis of a 6-year-old male PH1 patient from a Chinese family. Two variants (c.346G > A: p.Gly116Arg; c.864G > A: p.Trp288X) of the gene AGXT were identified. We found a nonsense variant (c.864G > A: p.Trp288X) that comes from the proband’s mother and has never been reported previously. The other missense variant (c.346G > A: p.Gly116Arg) was inherited from his father and has been found previously in a domain of aminotransferase, which plays an important role in the function of AGT protein. Furthermore, we searched 110 pathogenic variants of AGXT that have been reported worldwide in healthy local Chinese population, none of these pathogenic variants was detected in the local genomes. Conclusions Our research provides an important diagnosis basis for PH1 on the genetic level by updating the genotype of PH1 and also develops a better understanding of the variants in AGXT by broadening the variation database of AGXT according to the Chinese reference genome.

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a novel coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. High adaptive plasticity on the spike protein of SASR-CoV-2 enables it to transmit across different host species. In the present study, we collected 2092 high-quality genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from 160 regions in over 50 countries and reconstructed their phylogeny. We also analyzed the polymorphic interaction between spike protein and human ACE2 (hACE2). Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is probably originated from a recombination event on the spike protein between a bat coronavirus and a pangolin coronavirus that endows it humans infectivity. Compared with other regions in the S gene of SARS-CoV-2, the direct-binding sites of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) is more conserved. We focused on 3,860 amino acid mutations in spike protein RBD (T333-C525) of SARS-CoV-2 and simulated their differential stability and binding affinity to hACE2 (S19-D615). The results indicate no preference for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity on people of different ethnic groups. The variants in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may also be a good indicator demonstrating the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 from its natural reservoir to human hosts.

Objectives To find out the association between the sensorineural hearing loss and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in hamsters and mice was detected.

Intelligent production and robotic oporation are the efficient and sustainable agronomic route to cut down economic and environmental costs and boosting orchard productivity. In the actual scene of the orchard, high performance visual perception system is the premise and key for accurate and reliable operation of the automatic cultivation platform. Most of the existing apple detection models, however, are difficult to be used on the platforms with limited hardware resources in terms of computing power and storage capacity due to too many parameters and large model volume. In order to improve the performance and adaptability of the existing apple detection model under the condition of limited hardware resources, while maintaining detection accuracy, reducing the calculation of the model and the model computing and storage footprint, shorten detection time, this method improved the lightweight MobileNetV3 and combined the object detection network which was based on keypoint prediction (CenterNet) to build a lightweight anchor-free model (M-CenterNet) for apple detection. The proposed model used heatmap to search the center point (keypotint) of the object, and predict whether each pixel was the center point of the apple, and the local offset of the keypoint and object size of the apple were estimated based on the extracted center point without the need for grouping or Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS). In view of its advantages in model volume and speed, improved MobileNetV3 which was equipped with transposed convolutional layers for the better semantic information and location information was used as the backbone of the network. Compared with CenterNet and SSD (Single Shot Multibox Detector), the comprehensive performance, detection accuracy, model capacity and running speed of the model were compared. The results showed that the average precision, error rate and miss rate of the proposed model were 88.9%, 10.9% and 5.8%, respectively, and its model volume and frame rate were 14.2MB and 8.1fps. The proposed model is of strong environmental adaptability and has a good detection effect under the circumstance of various light, different occlusion, different fruits’ distance and number. By comparing the performance of the accuracy with the CenterNet and the SSD models, the results showed that the proposed model was only 1/4 of the size of CenterNet model while has comparable detection accuracy. Compared with the SSD model, the average precision of the proposed model increased by 3.9%, and the model volume decreased by 84.3%. The proposed model runs almost twice as fast using CPU than the CenterNet and SSD models. This study provided a new approach for the research of lightweight model in fruit detection with orchard mobile platform under unstructured environment.

BackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated that both blastocoel fluid (BF) and spent cell culture media (SCM) have potential as materials for non-invasive or less-invasive pre-implantation genetic analysis. BF may allow more opportunity to obtain cell-free DNA from the inner cell mass (ICM), and it has a lower risk of containing contaminant DNA from cumulus cells, sperm and culture media. There are no data regarding the ICM as a gold standard to evaluate the chromosome constitution of BF or SCM for embryo liquid biopsy.MethodsTwo hundred eighteen donated human blastocysts were warmed and cultured in blastocyst culture media for 18–24 h. The corresponding SCM was collected, and only clear ICM was biopsied in blastocysts; otherwise, the whole blastocyst (WB) was biopsied. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the DNA levels in the SCM and BF before and after amplification. ChromInst was used to amplify BF/SCM and blastocyst DNA before sequencing. Chromosomal copy number variation (CNV) was investigated to evaluate the chromosome constitution.ResultsIn total, 212 blastocysts were available for SCM and BF collection. The technical success rates (next-generation sequencing data) were 100 and 69.8% (148/212) for SCM and BF, respectively. Among the 148 blastocysts with both SCM and BF data, 101 were euploid and 47 were aneuploid based on ICM (n = 89) or WB (n = 59) analysis as the gold standard. Among all blastocysts, SCM was comparable to BF [specificity: 80.2 versus 61.4% (P = 0.005, χ2 test); sensitivity: 91.5 versus 87.2% (P = 0.738, χ2 test); negative predictive value (NPV): 95.3 versus 91.2% (P = 0.487, χ2 test); positive predictive value (PPV): 68.3% versus 51.3% (P = 0.042, χ2 test)]. The SCM and BF samples were 83.8% (124/148) and 69.6% (103/148) concordant with the corresponding ICM/WB samples when only two categories, euploid or aneuploid/mosaic, were grouped to calculate the concordance.ConclusionsCompared with BF, SCM has superior diagnostic performance, and it is non-invasive for embryos.Clinical Trial Registration[http://www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR-BPD-17014087].

Medication safety and efficacy-related pharmacogenomic research play a critical role in precision medicine. This study comprehensively analyzed the pharmacogenomic profiles of the central Han Chinese population in the context of medication safety and efficacy and compared them with other global populations. The ultimate goal is to improve medical treatment guidelines. We performed whole-genome sequencing in 487 Han Chinese individuals and investigated the allele frequencies of pharmacogenetic variants in 1,731 drug response-related genes. We identified 2,139 (81.18%) previously reported variants in our population with annotations in the PharmGKB database. The allele frequencies of these 2,139 clinical-related variants were similar to those in other East Asian populations but different from those in other global populations. We predicted the functional effects of nonsynonymous variants in the 1,731 pharmacogenes and identified 1,281 novel and 4,442 previously reported deleterious variants. Of the 1,281 novel deleterious variants, five are common variants with an allele frequency >5%, and the rest are rare variants with an allele frequency

Because of climate change, the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica (MCM) have experienced an increase in the frequency and magnitude of summer pulse warming and surface ice and snow melting events. In response to these environmental changes, some nematode species in the MCM have experienced steady population declines over the last three decades, but Plectus murrayi, a mesophilic nematode species, has responded with a steady increase in range and abundance. To determine how P. murrayi responds to increasing temperatures, we measured metabolic heat and CO2 production rates and calculated O2 consumption rates as a function of temperature at 5 °C intervals from 5 to 50 °C. Heat, CO2 production, and O2 consumption rates increase approximately exponentially up to 40 °C, a temperature never experienced in their polar habitat. Metabolic rates decline rapidly above 40 °C and are irreversibly lost at 50 °C due to thermal stress and mortality. Caenorhabditis elegans, a much more widespread nematode that is found in more temperate environments reaches peak metabolic heat rate at just 27 °C, above which it experiences high mortality due to thermal stress. At temperatures from 10 to 40 °C, P. murrayi produces about 6 times more CO2 than the O2 it consumes, a respiratory quotient indicative of either acetogenesis or de novo lipogenesis. No potential acetogenic microbes were identified in the P. murrayi microbiome, suggesting that P. murrayi is producing increased CO2 as a byproduct of de novo lipogenesis. This phenomenon, in conjunction with increased summer temperatures in their polar habitat, will likely lead to increased demand for carbon and subsequent increases in CO2 production, population abundance, and range expansion. If such changes are not concomitant with increased carbon inputs, we predict the MCM soil ecosystems will experience dramatic declines in functional and taxonomic diversity.

Objective To investigate the relation between PKM2 and related pathological features of osteosarcoma, to further explore the markers for predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Methods We collected 88 cases of paraffin-embedded primary osteosarcoma specimens, and the specimens were constructed by tissue microarray. Serial sections were used to detect the expression of PKM2 in the above tissues by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to demonstrate the prognostic value. Correlation analysis between parameters and patient's prognosis was performed using Cox regression model. Results M2 macrophage-specific marker CD163 was elevated in osteosarcoma matrix, suggesting that M2 macrophages were densely infiltrated in osteosarcoma. PKM2 overexpression is positively correlated with M2 macrophage infiltration in osteosarcoma. Conclusion PKM2 overexpression and M2 macrophage infiltration were influence factors for patients' poor prognosis.

Multipath interference is the main error source for radio navigation system high-precision positioning in complex environments. Multipath suppression and elimination are critical for radio navigation systems. A linear sweep carrier signal system is proposed to improve the multipath mitigation performance of radio navigation systems, and a TDMA+CDMA technique is adopted to avoid cross-correlation interference between transmitter signals and solve the near-far effect problem. Hardware simulation and actual environment experiment are carried out, and the results show that the proposed sweep carrier signal system can improve the ranging precision greatly compared with the traditional fixed frequency signal system.

Elevated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced macrophages leads to the progression of vulnerable plaques by degradation of the extracellular matrix. Our previous report showed that berberine regulates the expression of both EMMPRIN and MMP-9. In addition, P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) upregulation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether berberine regulated P2X7R level to inhibit both EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expession in macrophages. In the present study, we investigated the impact of berberine on P2X7R expression and the regulation of P2X7R in the expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 in oxLDL-induced macrophages. We found that P2X7R expression was increased, miR150-5p was reduced in oxLDL-induced macrophages, relatively. And A-438079 (a P2X7R inhibitor) or miR150-5p mimic treatment greatly reversed the upregulation of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression. Moreover, A-438079 significantly reduced oxLDL-induced AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPK-α) phosphorylation and reversed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which in turn decreased the expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-9. These findings illustrate that P2X7R suppresses EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression by inhibiting the AMPK-α/MAPK pathway in oxLDL-induced macrophages. Accordingly, exposure to berberine markedly upregulated miR150-5p, decreased P2X7R expression and downregulated MMP-9 and EMMPRIN levels in oxLDL-induced macrophages, resulting in AMPK-α/MAPK (JNK, p38, and ERK) inactivation. Overall, these results indicate that berberine increased miR150-5p level, subsequently inhibits P2X7R-mediated EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression by suppressing AMPK-α and MAPK signaling in oxLDL-induced macrophages.

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by various types of pathological defects in the factor VIII gene (F8/FVIII). Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M) is a powerful tool to tackle the transmission of monogenic inherited disorders from generation to generation. In our case, a mutation in F8 had passed through female carriers in a hemophilia A family and resulted in two male patients with hemophilia A. To identify the etiological genetic variants of F8, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used for chromosome copy number variation detection, Sanger sequencing to verify mutation sites, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for site amplification, and sequencing to validate the genetic linkage. Finally, a novel missense mutation, p. (Phe690Leu)/c.2070C > A, occurring in exon 13 of F8, was screened out as a pathogenic mutation. Following this, an F8 normal euploid blastocyst was transferred. At the 18th week, the pregnant mother underwent amniocentesis, NGS, Sanger sequencing, and SNP typing that further confirmed that the fetus had a healthy genotype. After delivery, a neonatal blood sample was sent for FVIII concentration detection, and the result established that the FVIII protein was rescued to a nearly average level. We first identified a new type of pathogenic mutation in F8, which has not been previously reported, selected a genetically healthy progeny for an affected family, and provided valuable knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia A.

Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive cardiovascular disease with high mortality. However, there were no efficient medical drugs for PAH to enormously improve the survival and quality of life measures. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of baicalin against experimental PAH in vivo and vitro. All the experimental rats received intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT) to induce PAH model. Baicalin was given by intragastric administration from 2 days after MCT injection. Forty animals were randomly divided into four groups: Control, MCT, saline‐, and baicalin‐treated groups (n = 10 in each). Post‐operation, hemodynamic data, and index of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVHI) were recorded to evaluate the inhibition of baicalin on MCT‐induced PAH. Furthermore, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) model induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) was used to observe the inhibition of vascular cells proliferation in vitro. The results demonstrated that baicalin significantly attenuated MCT‐induced right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the index of right ventricular hypertrophy, and vessel wall thickness; inhibit inflammatory and cell proliferation induced by MCT or TNF‐α, respectively. In addition, we found that baicalin might protect against experimental PAH via regulating the TNF‐α/BMPR2 signaling pathway.

Abstract Plectus murrayiP. murrayiP. murrayiCaenorhabditis elegansP. murrayiP. murrayiP. murrayiP. murrayiP. murrayi