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The study examines human influence on the evolution of beach-dune systems in the Balearic Islands, focusing on afforestation with Pinus halepensis. Historically, actions have been taken to stabilize these areas, significantly impacting the morphology and dynamics of the systems. Through a historical review and analysis of 31 such systems, it is evident that the presence of Pinus halepensis is largely associated with human interventions, significantly affecting the vegetation structure and biodiversity conservation. The systems exhibit variations in size and conservation status, reflecting historical afforestation practices and current challenges in managing these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The patterns of use and frequentation of beaches are a useful tool in a coastal management and planning. The aim of this paper is to apply the method for the analysis of physical carrying capacity in 16 beaches of the island of Minorca, based on the values in m2/user recommended in 2000. A multi-temporal analysis of the beaches evolution is carried out using qualitative variables that allow obtaining the trends of the beaches with parameters that analyse their management and occupation (2000-2017). The results obtained show that the beaches have acceptable carrying capacities and that the environmental management, their advertising and the services provided, condition their temporal space evolution. The method allows setting up future scenarios by using the analysed variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the end of the 20th century, urban or semi-urban beaches have been awarded the Blue Flag status to commend environmental quality standards in systems where the environment had been reduced due to the application of planning and/or management measures that did not include, in many cases, geomorphological criteria. The study analyses, the space-time evolution of 20 beaches of the Balearic Islands distinguished with the Blue Flag between 1987 and 2018 using geo-environmental variables, which proved that the award, by itself, has not contributed to the geomorphological improvement of these beach/dune systems. The use of the variables means that the trends of each beach can be analysed to determine management measures aimed at the recovery of the exploited system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, different coastal management techniques have been used along the Spanish coast in order to restore, maintain and protect beach-dune systems. These techniques are based on the artificial emulation of natural processes that favour the recovery of the system, while others have been based on the setting up of services that avoid the frequenting and trampling of the dune systems. The lack of geomorphological criteria in some management activities carried out in the Balearic Islands, has caused and aggravated erosion on the systems that were supposed to be recovered, or they have artificially established those dynamic systems. This paper illustrates some techniques applied without geomorphological criteria on dune systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]