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Water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) is one of the key parts of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), the construction of which was completed by the end of 2020. The WCDA covers a 78 000-m2 area and there exist 3120 large size photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in three ponds: 8-in PMTs are used in WCDA pond No. 1 and 20-in PMTs are used in ponds No. 2 and No. 3. The front-end electronics (FEE) system based on multigain measurement technique is designed to achieve both high-precision time and charge measurements over a large dynamic range from single photon electron (S.P.E.) to 4000 P.E. (for water pond No. 1)/1800 P.E. (for water ponds No. 2 and No. 3). To achieve a high-quality clock distribution and phase alignment as well as mixed transmission of data, clock, and commands in one fiber over a long distance, an enhanced white rabbit (WR) technique is used. Testing of all the 350 FEE modules for the WCDA is presented in this article. Test results indicate that the charge resolution is better than 20% at S.P.E. and 1% at 1800/4000 P.E. and the time resolution is better than 300 ps root mean square (rms), which successfully meets the application requirement. All the FEE modules have been fabricated and installed for the LHAASO WCDA from 2018 to 2020, and the initial commissioning operation indicates that the FEEs function well.

Based on the rigid-jointed beam method for calculating the transverse load distribution, using an analytical method for calculating the transverse load distribution of low box girder bridges is proposed in this paper. In the field test and the evaluation of bridge bearing capacity, the numerical calculation method of finite element model can be replaced, which provides a more accurate theoretical reference for the field test of prefabricated PC box girder bridge and the evaluation of bridge technique condition and bearing capacity. In order to verify the correctness of this method, this paper takes a 20m span prefabricated box girder bridge as an example, and verifies the correctness of this method by comparing the analytical calculation method and the field test results.

Since the 21st century, artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and is gradually being applied to people’s lives. For example, the emergence of autonomous vehicles in the automobile industry has brought many conveniences to people’s travel. But at the same time, there are also some problems in the application of current laws to the civil liability for accidents in autonomous vehicles. This article mainly studies the tort liability of self-driving cars, taking the world’s first self-driving car death case as the starting point, and analyzing the behavior of self-driving cars from the perspective of the concept, characteristics, and specificity of torts. It then points out that in the field of autonomous driving, there are legal issues such as complicated identification of the subject of motor vehicle accident liability, difficulty in identifying defects in product quality liability, and producers’ claims to develop risk defense to avoid liability. Finally, in response to the above-mentioned problems, it proposes the use of diversified liability subjects, the determination of differentiated liability principles, and the establishment of a social shared risk mechanism to fully protect the legitimate interests of the infringed.

Effects of intrinsic defects and doping on the M−type strontium hexagonal ferrites (SrFe12O19) has been systematically studied using density functional theory combined with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) + U method. The energies of possible intrinsic point defects and doping in SrFe12O19 have been determined, and effects of those on the electronic and magnetic properties have been analyzed. The results show that, under an oxygen poor condition, the defects of iron vacancy are difficult to form, while the defects of oxygen vacancy are easy to form. In the case of oxygen rich condition, the defects of iron vacancy are difficult to form when Fermi energy level is close to VBM, however, when Fermi energy level approaches CBM, the defects of iron vacancy in some sublattice sites are tend to form, especially in the 2a sublattice. Meanwhile, under the oxygen rich condition, the defect formation energy of Co substituting for Fe is very low, which indicates that Fe is easy to be substituted by Co, preferentially in 4f2 sublattice, followed by 2a sublattice. The lattice constant of La-Co co-doped is smaller than that of perfect SrFe12O19, meanwhile, the total magnetic moment changes little. The density of states shows that La-Co co-doped SrFe12O19 exhibits n-type semiconductor characteristics.

The first Water Cherenkov detector of the LHAASO experiment (WCDA-1) has been operating since April 2019. The data for the first year have been analyzed to test its performance by observing the Crab Nebula as a standard candle. The WCDA-1 achieves a sensitivity of 65 mCU per year, with a statistical threshold of 5 . To accomplish this, a 97.7% cosmic-ray background rejection rate around 1 TeV and 99.8% around 6 TeV with an approximate photon acceptance of 50% is achieved after applying an algorithm to separate gamma-induced showers. The angular resolution is measured using the Crab Nebula as a point source to be approximately 0.45° at 1 TeV and better than 0.2° above 6 TeV, with a pointing accuracy better than 0.05°. These values all match the design specifications. The energy resolution is found to be 33% for gamma rays around 6 TeV. The spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula in the range from 500 GeV to 15.8 TeV is measured and found to be in agreement with the results from other TeV gamma ray observatories.

GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on Si(111) substrate with and without 3C-SiC intermediate layer (IL). Structural property has been characterized by means of atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope measurements. It has been revealed that a significant improvement in crystalline quality of GaN and superlattice epitaxial layers can be achieved by using 3C-SiC as IL. Regarding of electrical and optical characteristics, it is clearly observed that the LEDs with its IL have a smaller leakage current and higher light output power comparing with the LEDs without IL. The better performance of LEDs using 3C-SiC IL can be contributed to both of the improvements in epitaxial layers quality and light extraction efficiency. As a consequence, in terms of optical property, a double enhancement of the light output power and external quantum efficiency has been realized.

Background Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), which develops after the resolution of a herpes zoster eruption, is an exceptionally drug-resistant neuropathic pain. The unsatisfactory management of PHN partly results from the difficulty in dissecting out its contributing factors due to the complexity of PHN mechanism. Methods Here, to elaborate our understanding of the PHN mechanism and to establish a basis for effective therapeutic strategies, we comprehensively investigated the contributions of multiple factors to PHN severity. Results Based on the comparison of somatosensory detection thresholds (C, Aδ and Aβ fibre thresholds) between affected and unaffected sides, 16 PHN patients with significant sensory deficits and 13 PHN patients without significant sensory deficits were identified and assigned to different groups. The different extents of lesions in the nociceptive system between patients with and without sensory deficits were confirmed using laser-evoked brain responses. Moreover, patients with sensory deficits had more severe pain and psychological disorders, e.g. anxiety and depression. Importantly, chronic pain severity was significantly influenced by various psychophysiological factors (sleep disturbances, psychological disorders and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction) for patients with sensory deficits. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated the contribution of multiple patho-psychophysiological factors to PHN severity, which could help establish a basis for the development of a rational, patient-centred therapeutic strategy. Significance This study revealed the contribution of multiple patho-psychophysiological factors to PHN severity, which expanded our understanding of the underlying PHN mechanism, and helped develop a rational, patient-centred therapeutic strategy targeting towards the corresponding etiology and psychophysiological disorders for individual patient.

A low-pass Ka-band MEMS tunable filter based on the high-resistivity silicon substrate with Electromagnetic-Bandgap Structure (EBG) is presented. The tunable filter consists of multiple MEMS switches fabricated by a CMOS-compatible surface micromachining process. The equivalent circuit model of the tunable EBG bandstop filter was derived based on the circuit analysis theory. The dispersion characteristics obtained are useful for describing and understanding the propagation characteristics of the EBG and the MEMS bridges. The performance of the single MEMS bridges is discussed. The measurement results of the tunable MEMS filter showsa 3-dB cutoff frequency tunable from 34.25 GHz to 26.60 GHz, while the average insertion loss varies from 0.25 dB to 0.22 dB. The whole chip size is 3.6 mm × 1.6 mm. This work demonstrates a high-performance miniaturized tunable low-pass filters at mm-waves frequency bands using Electromagnetic-Bandgap Structure.

A concentration transport model has been formulated to characterize the transport of a mass of self-propelling active particles in an unsteady wetland flow at the phase-averaged scale. The vertical distribution and motion of mass center are rigorously derived for an active-particle cloud in the tidal wetland flow by use of the concentration moment method, while the longitudinal dispersivity is calculated by means of finite difference method. It is found that the distribution of total quantity of active particles in each streamline in the tidal wetland flow is identical to that in the fully developed wetland flow. The velocity and longitudinal dispersivity of mass center of the active-particle cloud eventually reach a stable oscillatory status for the case of tidal wetland flow rather than an asymptotic constant velocity which occurs in the steady wetland flow. The effects of dimensionless parameters on the amplitude, phase and period of the velocity of mass center and longitudinal dispersivity are discussed in detail for the active-particle cloud in the tidal wetland flow.

The glutenite reservoir is widely distributed in China and has huge potential for hydrocarbon resources exploration. However, due to the near-source sedimentation and rapid facies transition mechanism, the glutenite reservoirs have strong heterogeneity with low porosity and complex pore structures, which makes it difficult to be predicted from seismic data. In this paper, we combine the Zoeppritz-based prestack seismic inversion method with rock physics analysis of glutenite reservoirs to characterize the oil distribution. Sensitivity analysis of different fluid indicators demonstrates that Poisson's ratio is effective to distinguish oil glutenite reservoirs from dry glutenite and shale formations. Application in Mahu slope area of Junggar basin shows that the oil glutenite reservoir prediction results are consistent with well log interpretation and production data, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of this method and can provide a significant guidance for the further exploration of glutenite hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Distribute Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is kind of sensing system using optical fiber as sensing element and transmitting signal medium. Optical fiber acquisition has become an important development trend of borehole seismic technology due to its advantages such as full well coverage, high sampling rate, high efficiency, high temperature and pressure resistance and economic. In this paper, a dual-well Walkaway DAS VSP data was acquired at Liaohe oilfield in East China. We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of DAS VSP data with that acquired with geophone. We believe that in the area of East China, with the simple surface conditions, the casing settled cable acquisition can get high sampling and quality VSP data, it shows potential application of DAS VSP technology in oil and gas exploration and development.

The room-temperature creep resistance of the Co56Ta9B35 metallic glass was determined by a nanoindentation technique. Results showed that the creep curves were described by a generalized Kelvin model. The low creep strain-rate sensitivity parameter and creep rate derived from the displacement–holding time curves demonstrated the high creep resistance of the Co56Ta9B35 metallic glass. The deformation mechanism causing the nanoindentation creep was discussed based on the “shear transformation zone” concept, which gave an explanation for the creep behavior in metallic glasses.

Background ‘Ageing in place’ is widely promoted as a response to global ageing and increased demand for services, but little evidence is available about what older people think they need in terms of services and supports to remain at home. Aim To investigate older people's needs when ageing in place in order to provide evidence to inform policies and strategies promoting the option of ageing in place. Methods A total of 568 elderly persons in Hangzhou, China, were surveyed in 2009–2011 using a modified questionnaire validated in the USA and China. Results Overall, 88.9% of older adults were satisfied with the community in which they live; 97.2% were satisfied with life quality. Health problems and healthcare access difficulty increased with age. House repairs and housework were the most troubling. Respondents identified high need for social and health promotion services and this varied across age groups. Limitations Cultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaire could have been influenced by differences in socioeconomic and cultural factors. The sample excluded older adults with disabilities, bed-ridden and/or unable to communicate thus limiting the scope of relevance. Conclusion A majority of older adult respondents ageing at home lived a relatively healthy life; however, they required more comprehensive health insurance to cover costs of long-term health problems and access to home care support. Implications for nursing and health policy The needs of community-dwelling older Chinese people in the Xiacheng District are not being fully met and much remains be done to increase community and regional capacity before ageing in place can be promoted as a policy strategy. More generally, nursing and health policies geared to enhance the self-sufficiency of older people residing in their communities must draw upon evidence of assessed needs and client perspectives of their requirements before services can be designed and delivered.

A tunable bandstop filter applying the micromachined technology is designed, simulated and fabricated. The filter is realized by incorporating defected ground structures structures with the micromachined switches. The surface micromachining fabrication process is employed on the high resistivity silicon substrate to fabricate the filter. The measured 3-dB cut-off frequency changes of the reconfigurable low-pass filter for four different states has been analyzed. The measured insertion loss is very lower in four tuning range of the filter. This work demonstrates the possibility of high-performance compact-size reconfigurable filters at mm-waves using multiple-contact micromachined switches. Simulated and measured results of the proposed filter show good agreements. The entire reconfigurable filter was realized in a small chip size of 1.2 mm × 1.5 mm.

This paper presents a novel approach in order to construct low-loss reconfigurable impedance matching networks and tuners using MEMS series-contact switches and periodic defected-ground-structures (DGSs) implemented on coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines. The application of DGSs results in an improved insertion loss and power handling capability compared to the conventional RF MEMS impedance tuning networks. The proposed structure consists of 12 DGSs and RF MEMS series-contact switches. The tunable matching network was fabricated on a silicon substrate and is only 1.4×̃˾̈˰̽̽˰̹̾˰̵̹̓͊˾˰̸̵̤˰̵̵̴̱̽̓͂ͅ˰̼̿̓̓˰̶̿˰̸̵̈́˰̵͇̻̾̈́̿͂˰̸̵͇̾˰̵̴̓ͅ˰̈́̿˰̸̱̳̽̈́˰̱˰́̀˰Ω˰̴̼̱̿˰̈́̿˰̅̀˰Ω˰̶͂̿m 5GHz up to 40 GHz is only 0.8 dB. The results show that the tuner can achieve a broadband impedance match for a wide variety of loads that are either purely resistive or that have a large reactance as well.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) receives intensive attentions in the research of cardiovascular diseases, due to its high incidence and severe impact on the quality of life vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor, has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. Genetic markers in different regions of the VEGF gene have a plausible role in modulating the risk of CAD. To identify the markers contributing to the genetic susceptibility to CAD, we examined the potential association between CAD and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs699947, rs1570360, rs2010963, rs833068, rs3024997, rs3025000, rs3025010, rs3025020, rs3025030, rs3025039) of the VEGF gene using the MassARRAY system. Participants included 242 CAD patients and 253 healthy controls from a Chinese Han Population (He'nan Province, China). The allelic or genotypic frequencies of the rs699947 (5′ untranslated regions, 5′UTR) and rs2010963 (5′UTR) polymorphisms in the CAD patients were significantly different from those in the healthy controls. The CAD patients had significantly higher frequency of the rs699947 A allele (χ2 = 11.141, P = 0.001, OR = 1.665, 95% CI = 1.232–2.250) and rs2010963 C allele (χ2 = 13.593, P = 0.0002, OR = 1.611, 95% CI = 1.249–2.077). Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed in the rs699947–rs1570360–rs2010963 haplotype block (D’ > 0.9). Significantly more C–G–C haplotypes (P = 0.040) and significantly fewer C–G–G haplotypes (P = 0.0004) were found in the CAD patients. The possible association of rs699947 and rs2010963 with CAD risks warrant confirmation in independent case–control studies and may be informative for future investigations on the pathogenesis of CAD.

Rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae , is one of the most devastating diseases of rice that severely affects crop production in the Jilin Province, Northeast China, where temperate japonica rice is primarily grown. In the following study, 44 representative local blast isolates were inoculated onto international monogenic differentials carrying 24 major blast resistance genes – Pia , Pib , Pii , Pik , Pik-h , Pik-m , Pik-p , Pik-s , Pish , Pit , Pita , Pita-2 , Piz , Piz-t , Pi1 , Piz-5 , Pi3 , Pi5 (t), Pi7 (t), Pi9 , Pil2 (t), Pi11 (t), Pi19 , and Pi20 – and the susceptible recurrent parent, Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH), under greenhouse conditions. The percentage of virulent reactions of monogenic lines to the 44 isolates was found ranging from 8.3% to 79.2%. LTH was susceptible to all 44 isolates. All 24 monogenic differential lines were resistant to at least 4 isolates of M. oryzae , and the frequency of resistant reactions of the monogenic lines carrying Pi9 , Pi19 , Piz , Piz-5 , Piz-t , Pi12 (t), Pi5 (t), and Pik-h were 94.2%, 84.1%, 81.8%, 81.8%, 79.5%, 72.7%, 68.2%, and 68.2%, respectively. These results suggest that Pi9 , Pi19 , Piz , Piz-5 , Piz-t , Pi12 (t), Pi5 (t) and Pik-h may be important R genes for preventing blast disease. Based on these data, a useful strategy for managing rice blast disease by stacking pyramiding blast R genes against pathogenic M. oryzae isolates in the Jilin Province was proposed.

A drought-induced gene, DIP3, encoding a chitinase III protein was isolated from the roots of upland rice by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sequence analysis demonstrated that the cDNA and deduced protein showed high identity to Oryza sativa class III chitinase. The deduced protein contained a signal peptide sequence in the N-terminal region of 21aa and a conserved glycosyl hydrolase (GH) 18 domain. The secondary and 3D structures were analyzed and showed that it contained α-helix, β-sheets, extended strand and random coil structures and that it was approximately spheroidal. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that expression levels accumulated rapidly under different forms of abiotic stress (drought, salt and low temperature), peaked at different times and then decreased. These results implied that as a member of class III chitinases, DIP3 may function as a stress-induced protein involved in the regulation of plant stress response.

Taking the superficial temperature increment as the major fatigue damage indicator, the infrared thermography was used to predict fatigue parameters (fatigue strength and S-N curve) of welded joints subjected to fatigue loading with a high mean stress, showing good predictions. The fatigue damage status, related to safety evaluation, was tightly correlated with the temperature field evolution of the hot-spot zone on the specimen surface. An energetic damage model, based on the energy accumulation, was developed to evaluate the residual fatigue life of the welded specimens undergoing cyclic loading, and a good agreement was presented. It is concluded that the infrared thermography can not only well predict the fatigue behavior of welded joints, but also can play an important role in health detection of structures subjected to mechanical loading.

In this paper, fully monolithic tunable millimeter-wave filters with tapped-line feedings are proposed using the CPW-based periodic structures with novel multiple-contact MEMS switches. Millimeter-wave low-pass filters were designed, fabricated, and tested. The cascaded CPW-based periodic structures, with low-pass intrinsic filtering characteristics, are reconfigured into a self-similar single unit cell by the operation of the novel multiple-contact MEMS switches with single actuation. The measured results of the reconfigurable low-pass filter show the 3-dB cutoff frequency change from 19 to 11 GHz with very small change in the average insertion loss from 1.3 to 1.9 dB. The chip size of the low-pass is 4.0 mm × 1.6 mm.

In this paper, the existence theorems of two kinds of weak subgradients for set-valued mappings, which are the generalizations of Theorem 7 in [G.Y. Chen, J. Jahn, Optimality conditions for set-valued optimization problems, Math. Methods Oper. Res. 48 (2) (1998) 187–200] and Theorem 4.1 in [J.W. Peng, H.W.J. Lee, W.D. Rong, X.M. Yang, Hahn–Banach theorems and subgradients of set-valued maps, Math. Methods Oper. Res. 61 (2005) 281–297], respectively, are proved by virtue of a Hahn–Banach extension theorem. Moreover, some properties of the weak subdifferential for set-valued mappings are obtained by using a so-called Sandwich theorem. Finally, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are discussed for set-valued optimization problems, whose constraint sets are determined by a fixed set and a set-valued mapping, respectively.

Nanocrystalline/amorphous matrix composites obtained by isothermal compression at high temperatures and low strain rates were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. To study the influence of high temperature deformation on the fracture behavior and room temperature plasticity, compression tests with a constant strain rate of 1 × 10 −4 s −1 were applied to the deformed samples. Fracture features of as-cast alloy and deformed samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the room temperature plasticity of deformed sample is not destroyed both in the range of 370–395 °C at 1 × 10 −3 s −1 and at 395 °C in 1 × 10 −2 to 1 × 10 −3 s −1 , and deteriorated at higher temperatures and lower strain rates. Corresponding to the TEM images, the homogenously dispersed nanocrystals with small size contribute to the compressive plasticity, and the aggregated large nanoparticles destroy the plasticity of the sample after high temperature deformation.

The deformation behavior of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass (Vit1) in the supercooled liquid region was investigated. The stress-strain relations for Vit1 at the different specimen sizes were established in a uniaxial compression test using the microforming system. Furthermore, the effects of forming time, temperature and punch velocity on the flow stress of the specimen with a typical size of Φ1×1.5 mm were analyzed. The results indicate that Vit1 has excellent superplastic microformability at minimum forming time, higher temperature and lower punch velocity. Based on the research, Vit1 microgears with reference diameter of Φ1 mm and modulus of 0.1 mm were manufactured using the closed die forging. Optimum processing parameters were obtained. In order to evaluate the quality of Vit1 microgears, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and nanoindentation tests were applied. It is found that the parts with good qualities can be formed successfully in the supercooled liquid region.

Heterosis has been widely used in crop breeding and production. However, a shortage of genes known to function in heterosis significantly limits our understanding of the molecular basis underlying heterosis. Here, we report 740 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves of the hybrid millet Zhang No.5 and its parents at the grain filling stage determined using Solexa Illumina digital gene expression. Of the 740 DEGs, 546 were from the hybrid and its parents and most were up-regulated in the hybrid. Particularly, a large number of DEGs related to starch and carbohydrate metabolism and 2 DEGs encoding chlorophyll a/b binding proteins were up-regulated in hybrid millet. Moreover, all DEGs were enriched in the biological process and molecular function, and no DEGs were found to be enriched in the cellular component of GO terms. Pathway enrichment using KEGG showed that several DEGs were enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway. Further analysis revealed that the altered circadian rhythm, which mediates photosynthesis and carbohydrate accumulation, may play an important role in heterosis of the hybrid millet.

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) as a well-known approach to manipulate particles can be utilized in combination with fluidics to implement a measurement on characteristic parameters of particles. Numerical simulation of DEP factors was executed together with simulation of electric field distribution by means of Comsol Multiphysics. The simulation results facilitate the establishment of dynamic equilibrium model between a DEP force and a fluid drag force. According to critical release flow-rate and signal frequency of DEP, those parameters of a particle, such as permittivity, conductivity and radius, were estimated via Levenberg Maquardt iteration algorithm. The experiments validated the method and demonstrated a sensitive and consistent measure for single-particle assay.

Bi2Te3 thin films grown the substrate with 80 nm in diameter have been prepared by using magnetron sputtering technique. The structure of thin films was determined by X-ray diffraction experiments. The average grain size and particle size in these powers were measured by the line profile analysis method of X-ray diffraction patterns and by scan electron microscopy, respectively. The thin films were investigated by using SEM measurements. The results indicate that Bi2Te3 alloys could be potentially important TE materials for many applications, especially for prolonged TE device operation at high temperatures, such as for recovery of waste heat from automobile, aircrafts, and power plants due to their superiorphysical properties, including the ability of operating at high temperature/high power conditions, high mechanical strength and stability, and radiation hardness.

Mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron (ADI) are mainly controlled by its unique microstructure. The objectives of this paper are to characterize the microstructural morphology and the phase distribution of ADI using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and to determine the mechanism of strengthening and toughening of ADI. The experimental results show that, in the microstructure of ADI composing of upper bainite, retained austenite, graphitic nodule, and a small amount of martensite, the upper bainite is composed of sub-units of ferrite in the shape of "wheat ears" on which the "wheat grains" grow at an angle of about 60 degrees to the long axis of the "wheat ears." The retained austenite is connected with each other in the shape of a continuous net. The wheat-ear like bainite with a homogeneous distribution in the continuous austenite net plays an important role to the strengthening and toughening of ADI. The metastable austenite appears in the shape of a large plate in which the martensite is preferentially formed. The appearance of martensite can be suppressed at the time when retained austenite remains stable, which is of benefit to the continuity and homogeneity of austenite net.

Vacuolar H+ ATPases reside in the plasma membrane of several segments of the mammalian nephron. In the proximal tubule, H+ ATPase is located in both the brush-border microvilli and in subvillar invaginations, while in the collecting duct intercalated cells, it is primarily in plasmalemma-associated membranes. H+ ATPase isolated from bovine kidney brush border has a cluster of polypeptides of Mr greater than 31,000 found associated with the Mr = 31,000 subunit, whereas H+ ATPase isolated from microsomes dose not have the additional associated polypeptides (Wang, Z.-Q., and Gluck, S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 21957-21965, 1990). In this study, we describe the production of several new monoclonal antibodies to the bovine vacuolar H+ ATPase Mr = 31,000 subunit. Two of the antibodies differed in reactivity to the cluster of Mr greater than 31,000 subunits found in purified bovine kidney brush-border H+ ATPase. Antibody E11 reacted with both the Mr = 31,000 and Mr greater than 31,000 subunits and stained renal brush border intensely. Antibody H8 did not react with the Mr greater than 31,000 polypeptides and did not stain brush border. The heterogeneity of the Mr greater than 31,000 subunits did not appear attributable to glycosylation or phosphorylation. These findings provide further evidence for heterogeneity of the Mr = 31,000 subunit in different renal membrane compartments and suggest a role for the Mr greater than 31,000 polypeptides specific to the brush-border microvilli.

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) [1] will demonstrate ionization cooling in a short section of a realistic cooling channel using a muon beam at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK. The MICE RF and Coupling Coil (RFCC) Module consists of a superconducting solenoid mounted around four normal conducting 201.25-MHz RF cavities. The coil package that surrounds the RF cavities is to be mounted in a 1.4 m diameter vacuum vessel. The coupling coil confines the beam in the RFCC module within the radius of the RF cavity beam windows. Each coupling magnet will be powered by a 300 A, 10 V power supply. The maximum design longitudinal force that will be carried by the cold mass support system is 0.5 MN. The detailed design and analysis of the coupling magnet has been completed by ICST. The primary magnetic and mechanical design features of the coils are presented in this paper.

For high performance application, fast acting current loops using PI controllers are usually employed for PMSM drives. Although this leads to a simple design, it is difficult to achieve good command tracking and load regulation characteristics simultaneously. In this paper, the authors investigate a new approach for both the current loops and the speed loop based on the RST method. In the proposed scheme, a feedback controller and a feedforward compensator have been used to accomplish two-degree-of-freedom of control. To estimate the rotor position, a minimal order observer has been developed in the /spl alpha//spl beta/ co-ordinate. By the elimination of the expensive mechanical sensors, they have achieved the mechanical sensorless control of the drive. Simulation and experimental results have verified the effectiveness of both the control and estimation schemes.

The nonlinear pulsatile blood flow in S-shaped curved arteries was studied with finite element method. Numerical simulations for flows in two models of S-shaped curved arteries with different diameters and under the same boundary conditions were performed. The temporal and spatial distributions of hemodynamic variables during the cardiac cycle such as velocity field, secondary flow, pressure, and wall shear stresses in the arteries were analyzed. Results of numerical simulations showed that the secondary flow in the larger S-shaped curved artery is more complex than that in the smaller one; stronger eddy flow occurred in the inner bends of curved arteries; pressure and wall shear stresses changed violently in the curved arteries, especially in the larger model. These hemodynamic variables in curved arteries will cause important effects on the function of arterial endothelium in the region. For instance, they may lead to the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the thickening of the intima, and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis may develop in such regions. Due to having the special blood flow characteristics in the S-shaped arteries, it is worthwhile to study flow in this kind of curved artery. The comprehensive theoretical foundation showed in the present study can be extended to approach problems of nonlinear pulsatile flow in curved arteries with more complex geometrical shape.